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Comprehensive Marine EIA and EMP for the proposed development of Coal Jetty, Coal Conveyor System, cooling water intake and outfall system in the proposed 2X800 MW Udangudi super critical thermal power project Prepared by Institute for Ocean Management Anna University, Chennaimber 2010 CONTENTS S.NO DETAILS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose of the Report 1.2 Nature and Size of the Project 1.3 Project Proponent 1.4 Project Location 1.5 Importance of the Project 1.6 Scope of EIA Study CHAPTER 2 : PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 Project Site 2.2 Land 2.3 Fuel 2.4 Water 2.5 Ash generation 2.6 Offshore Facilities 2.6.1 Coal jetty 2.6.2 Cooling water intake 2.6.3 Cooling water outfall CHAPTER 3 : FIELD INVESTIGATIONS AND METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYSIS CHAPTER4 : BASELINE ENVIRONMENT SCENARIO 4.1 Physiography 4.2 Geology 4.2.1 Black cotton soil (Typic chromusterts – TCSV) 4.2.2 Shallow red soil (Paralithic ustorthents –Puot) 4.2.3 Deep red soil (Typic ustipsamments – Tupt) 4.2.4 Alluvium (Aquic Haplustalfs and Fluventic Haplustalfs – Fhsf) 4.2.5 Strong calcareous soil (Calcic ustropepts- Cutp) 4.3 Coastal Geomorphology 4.3.1 Headland (Cliff) and Bays 4.4 Coastal Types 4.4.1 Dunes 4.4.2 Islands 4.5 Climate Change and Meteorological Conditions 4.5.1 Temperature 4.5.2 Relative humidity 4.5.3 Rainfall 4.5.4 Solar Radiation 4.5.5 Wind Speed 4.5.6 Waves 4.5.7 Currents 4.5.8 Cyclones 4.7 Natural Resources 4.7.1 Water 4.7.2 Mineral 4.7.3 Flora and Fauna 4.8 Marine Environment 4.8.1 Water Quality 4.9 Meteorology 4.10 Ambient Air Quality 4.10.1 Suspended Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) 4.10.2 Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 4.10.3 Sulphur oxides (SOx) 4.10.4 Noise Quality 4.11 Water Quality 4.11.1 Physico-Chemical Parameters 4.11.2 Sediment Quality 4.11.3 Biota CHAPTER 5 : SUMMARY OF BASELINE SURVEY 5.1 Air Quality 5.2 Water Quality 5.3 Sediment Quality 5.4 Biota 5.5 Conclusion CHAPTER 6 : ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 6.1 Impact on Air Quality 6.2 Impact on Water Quality 6.3 Impact on Land/Soil 6.4 Impact on Biota 6.5 Socio-Economic Impacts CHAPTER 7 – ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 7.1 Air Quality Management 7.2 Water Quality Management 7.3 Noise Level Management 7.4 Ecological Management 7.5 During construction phase 7.6 Effluent disposal 7.7 Safety measures 7.8 Post project Environment monitoring 7.9 Sampling Site 7.10 Frequency of monitoring 7.11 Parameters to be monitored CHAPTER 8: DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN: UDANGUDI – CAPTIVE COAL JETTY 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Objective 8.3 Definitions 8.4 Report Flow 8.5 Site Information 8.5.1 Site Location 8.5.2 Basic details about the site 8.5.3 Equipment 8.6 Hazard Identification 8.7 Natural Hazards 8.8 Man made Hazards 8.9 Maximum credible Accident Analysis 8.10 Mitigation Activities 8.11 Disaster Management Plan 8.11.1 Key Personnel and Emergency Room 8.11.2 Lines of action in an Emergency 8.12 Responsibilities of Key Personnel in an Emergency 8.13 Communication Systems in Disaster Management 8.14 On-Site Emergency Plans 8.14.1 Mechanical Emergency Plan 8.14.2 Rough Weather Plan 8.14.3 Earthquake Management Plan 8.14.4 Oil Spill Contingency Plan 8.14.5 Fire prevention and Response Plan 8.14.6 Medical Emergency Plan 8.14.7 Special Emergency Equipment 8.14.8 Chemical Information 8.14.9 Drills/Rehearsing Emergency Procedures 8.15 Emergency Evacuation Plan 8.16 Off-site Emergency Plans 8.17 District level Emergency Committee 8.18 Public Liability Insurance Act 8.19 Public Information 8.20 Updating DMP Conclusion LIST OF TABLES Table No Details 1 Salient features of the Project Site 2 Present Power Scenario in Tamil Nadu 3 Future Power Scenario in Tamil Nadu 4 Technical details of the proposed project 5 Methods followed for air quality monitoring 6 Standards of seawater quality 7 Primary sea water quality (SW-III) 8 Ambient air quality in the proposed project area (May 2009) 9 Ambient air quality in the proposed project area (December 2009). 10 Noise monitoring around proposed site 11 Ambient Air Quality standards (CPCB) in respect to noise level 12 Water Quality Standards for Coastal Waters Physicochemical parameters of the coastal waters observed at various 13 locations (May 2009) Physicochemical parameters of the coastal waters observed at various 14 locations (December 2009) Concentration of nutrients in the waters of the Project site during May 15 2009 (µmol l-1) Concentration of nutrients in the waters of the Project site during 16 December 2009 (µmol l-1) Average values of heavy metals (mg/kg) in the sediments samples 17 from the proposed project site during May and December 2009 18 Phytoplankton diversity (average cell counts/l) in the coastal waters 19 Zooplankton diversity observed in various stations 20 Summary of Potential Hazards for the Udankgudi Coal Jetty Project LIST OF FIGURES Figure No Details 1 Location map of the project site 2 Variations in temperature in surface waters (May 2009) 3 Variations in salinity in surface waters (May 2009) 4 Variations in pH in the study site 5 Variations in TDS in the study site (May 2009) 6 Dissolved oxygen concentration in the study site (May 2009) 7 Turbidity profile in the study site (May 2009) 8 Variations of Ammonium content in surface waters (May 2009) 9 Variations of Nitrite content in surface waters (May 2009) 10 Nitrate content in the surface waters (May 2009) 11 Phosphate content in the surface waters (May 2009) 12 Distribution of coliforms in coastal waters of proposed project site Percentage abundance of phytoplankton population in the project 13 site 14 Percentage abundance of Zooplankton population in the project site 15 Diversity index (H) of plankton communities 16 Evenness index (E) of plankton communities 17 Flow Chart for Hazard Identification and DMP 18 Site Location 19 Cyclone Frequency and Wind Hazard Map of India 20 Cyclone Wind Hazard and PMSS Map of India 21 Key Personnel in Disaster Management 22 Line of Action to an Emergency Situation 23 Emergency Operational Command Structure Comprehensive Marine EIA and EMP for the proposed development of coal jetty, coal conveyor system, cooling water intake and outfall system in the proposed 2X800 MW Udangudi super critical thermal power project EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Udangudi Power Corporation Limited, a joint venture of Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB) and Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)intends to set up 2X800 MW Coal Based Thermal Power Plant at Udangudi Village, Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, with an investment of `9083 Crores. The project is envisaged to strengthen the power availability in the state. This project would be the first 800 MW supercritical thermal power project to be installed in Tamil Nadu. About 939 acres of land for the proposed plant has been identified near Udangudi village, Thoothukudi district. This project has been located 1.2 km from the shore of the Gulf of Mannar near Kulasekaranpatnam, Thoothukudi District, Tamilnadu. The makeup water for the Cooling water system required for the plant is drawn from the sea and after utilization the sea water is let into the sea. Further a separate captive coal jetty for the project is will be developed in the sea about 7.5 km from shore and coal is transported to the plant through pipe conveyor. Hence a comprehensive Marine Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Plan for drawing Cooling water from sea for condenser cooling, discharging the same in the sea in accordance with the norms of MOEF and for developing a captive coal jetty in the sea involved for the proposed project was carried out by the Institute for Ocean management, Anna University, Chennai to predict the quality of the environment once the project gets underway. This has been done by: o Analyzing the current baseline data on air, water and sediment during dry and wet seasons o Identifying the activities causing the impacts and the risk associated with the proposed development o Suggesting steps for effective environmental management. A summary of the findings on baseline survey of the project site are reproduced below I. Air quality Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out for dry (May 2009) and wet (December 2009) seasons at two locations to assess the air quality status in this region. At the two sampling stations, the concentration of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) as well as gaseous pollutants like sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides were monitored for 24 hours. The values of all these parameters in the ambient air were found to be within permissible levels specified by CPCB, and in general, ranged as follows. 1 Comprehensive Marine EIA and EMP for the proposed development of coal jetty, coal conveyor system, cooling water intake and outfall system in the proposed 2X800 MW Udangudi super critical thermal power project Air quality parameter Range (May 2009) µg/m3 Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 11.9 -15.4 Sulphur oxides (SOx) 16.6 – 17.1 PM10 68.7 - 78.4 PM2.5 45.6 – 56.6 Air quality parameter Range (December 2009) µg/m3 Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 15.9 – 16.6 Sulphur oxides (SOx) 22.1 – 22.2 PM10 65.1 – 75.9 PM2.5 58.1 – 79.5 II. Water quality The assessment of water quality in the area of 10 km radius seaward from the project site was undertaken during the study period.