DOCSLIB.ORG

The Indian Title Badge: 1911-1947 Jim Carlisle, OMSA No

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Indian Title Badge: 1911-1947 Jim Carlisle, OMSA No The Journal of the Orders and Medals SocieW of America The Indian Title Badge: 1911-1947 Jim Carlisle, OMSA No. 5577 ing George V, on the occasion of the Delhi Durbar, Kintroduced the India Title Badge on 12 December 1911 to be conferred, as a symbol of honor and respect, on the holders of a title conferred by the King-Emperor. The Badge was a step-award in three classes given to civilians and Viceroy’s commissioned officers of the Indian Army for faithful service or acts of public welfare. Awards of the Badge began in January 1912. In many ways, the Badge is a cross between the Imperial Service Medal and the Kaisar-I-Hind. As with the Imperial Service Medal (ISM), it was awarded for long and faithful service to members of the civil and provincial services. Unlike the ISM it was also awarded to members of the military as well as to civilians not in the civil service. It was similar to the Kaisar-I-Hind in that there were three classes to the award as well as being awarded for service in India. Unlike the Kaisar-I- Hind, its award was restricted to non-Europeans. Unlike either of these awards, the India Title Badge also provided a specific title in the form of a personal distinction to the recipient. Specifics regarding the titles will be provided below. It is interesting to note that a title granted with the 1st India Title Badge, Class III- obverse Class of the Badge is identical to that granted to recipients of the Order of British India 1 st Class, Sardar Bahadur. The title carried with the decoration was used The Badge is described as follows: betbre the name but after any rank held, e.g., Subadar Major Khan Bahadur Mohammed Khan.~ If the Obverse: A radiate star topped by an imperial crown recipient attained Knighthood the title was dropped. with a curved laurel leaf below the crown and cutting across the top of a central medallion surrounded by a Although the Badge was only in existence for 35 years, collar inscribed with the appropriate title. There are it has no fewer that eighteen distinct types, with three basic obverse types: The right-thcing bust of King variations in title allowing for a further nine. In total, George V (1912-33 ); the left-facing bust of King George there are twenty-seven variations of the badge. This V (1933-36); the right facing bust of King George VI wide variety is due to several considerations. First, the (1936-47). Badge was intended solely for non-European recipients, thus there are different titles based upon the religious Reverse: Plain, engraved with name of the recipient. affiliation of the recipient. Second, there are variations of the titles within each class. These will be outlined Suspension: A neck badge suspended from a ring at the below. Finally, there were two types of the Badge top of the imperial crown Metal: Gold-plate silver (lst issued during the reign of King George V and a third and 2nd Class); Silver (3rd Class). type issued during the reign of King George VI. Ribbon: Light blue edged with dark blue (lst Class); red edged with dark red (2nd Class); dark blue edged with light blue (3rd Class). ~ Dorling, pg 148 17 Volume 52 Number 1 3rd Class: Rai Sahib Rao Bahadur Khan Bahadur Sardar Sahib George VI (Third issue, right facing bust, 1936-47) 1st Class: Sardar Bahadur Diwan Bahadur 2nd Class Rai Bahadur Rao Bahadur Khan Bahadur 3rd Class: Rai Sahib Rao Sahib Khan Sahib Sardar Sahib Rai Sahib Doctor Banwari Lal Gupta, born 13 December 1889, is typical of recipients of the India Title Badge. Entering the Provincial Medical Service as a India Title Badge- Class III Reverse Temporary Assistant Surgeon, 3rd Grade, on 24 July The various badge types are as follows: 1916, he held qualifications as a Bachelor of Science, Medicine and Surgery, as well as a Master of Surgery. George V (First Issue, right facing bust, 1912-33): Doctor Gupta entered military service with the Indian 1st Class: Medical Service on 1 July 1917 as a Temporary Sardar Bahadur (Hindu recipient) Lieutenant, being gazetted a Temporary Captain Diwan Bahadur (Muslim recipient) effective 1 July 1918. During his military service he 2nd Class served in Ambala. While on military service, he was Rai Bahadur (Hindu recipient) placed on the Permanent List as Assistant Surgeon, 3rd Rao Bahadur Grade, from 1 August 1919. He reverted from military Khan Bahadur (Muslim recipient) duty on 10 February 1921. AS his military service was 3rd Class: entirely in India, he had no medal entitlement. Rai Bahadur Rao Bahadur Following his military service, Doctor Gupta held a Khan Bahadur number of appointments in the Provincial Medical Sardar Sahib Service, each with increasing responsibility. He was initially assigned as Assistant Surgeon, 3rd Grade in George V (Second Issue, left facing bust, 1933-36): Meerut, transferring on 5 March 1921 to Bahraich where he was additionally in charge of the Piagpur 1st Class: Dispensary. This was as short assignment as he was Sardar Bahadur transferred on 19 June 1921 to Balandshahr where he Diwan Behadur served as Assistant Surgeon in charge of the Khurja 2nd Class: Dispensary. Rai Bahadur Rao Bahadur On 10 May 1925, Gupta was transferred to Bereilly as Khan Bahadur Provincial Medical Officer in charge of the District 18 The Journal of the Orders and Medals Society_ of America Hospital. This proved to be a short assignment as on 21 On the Independence of India 15 August 1947, the India December 1925 he was transferred to Shahjahanpur as Title Badge became obsolete. By the late 1930s, as the Medical Officer in immediate charge of the Sadr India independence movement grew in strength, the Dispensary. He was deputed to King George’s Medical Badge had begun to carry the considerable opprobrium College, Lucknow, to attend the post-graduate course of "collaborator." This decline in status is reflected by from 1 January to 31 June 1926, returning to the fact that many badges are now seen with the Shahj ahanpur upon completion. Heremained there until particulars of the recipient removed. 1930, assuming addition duties as the Civil Surgeon and Superintendent, District Jail effective 5 November 1926. While political changes may have lessened that value of He remained in this position for several years, taking this award, it remains that it is a well crafted, appealing privilege leave from 10 to 30 August 1929. decoration awarded for long and dedicated service. As in the case of Lala Banwari Lal Gupta, it is the only Gupta was transferred to Allahabad as Medical Officer medallic recognition he received for many years of in charge of Colvin Hospital effective 23 May 1930. military and civilian service. This was followed by a transfer effective 23 July 1930 to Morabad as Medical Officer in charge of the District Acknowledgments: Hospital. Effective 23 February 1931 he received the additional duty of Officiating Civil Surgeon and As always, thanks to my wife, Justine, not only for her Superintendent of the District Jail. It is during this patience with my hobby but also for the essential period that he was awarded the Title Badge. grammatical review. I would also like to thank Ed Haynes for e-mail correspondence providing additional Gupta was created a Rai Sahib as personal distinction insight regarding this award. Additionally, sincere per The Gazette of lndia dated Simla, Wednesday, 3 thanks to fellow collector Ralph McLeod for his June, 1931, page 179. The entry reads as follows: photographs of the award examined in this article. "No. 321-H. His Excellency the Viceroy and Governor Bibliography: General is pleased to confer the title of Rai Sahib, as a personal distinction, upon---Lala Banwari Lal Gupta, The Arlny List; (I.M.S.) pg 1771 M.C., B.S~, M.B., B.S., Provincial Medial Service, Dorling, H. Taprell, Ribbons andMedals, New York, Doubleday Medical Officer in immediate charge of the Sadr Hospital & Comp, Inc., 1974. The Gazette of India, June 3, 1931, pg 179 Moradadbad, United Provinces."2 Haynes, Ed, Email correspondence History of Gazetted Officers (Civil DepO United Provinces pg 146 The Badge is that of George V, First Issue, as awarded Jocelyn, Arthur, Capt CVO, Awards of Honor, London, Adam & to a Hindu recipient. The Badge is named on the reverse Charles Black, 1956. in engraved script. As shown by the illustration, in Mackay, James & Mussell, John W (Editors), The Medal Yearbook addition to his name the engraving includes his Medical 2000, Devon, Token Publishing, Ltd, 1999. Corps affiliation, education, as well as the date of issue. A review of other recipients of this award listed in the Gazette indicates that majority were civil servants of the same level as Gupta. There were a few listings for "merchant" and "proprietor," probably indicating awards for "public welfare." Following his award, Gupta continued his service, transferring to Dehra Dun as Medical Officer in charge of the Sadar Hospital on 10 August 1931. His last assignment is listed as being in Cawnpore as Medical Officer in charge of the Prince of Wales’ Hospital effective 4 May 1932. Doctor Gupta’s last entry in the History of Gazetted Officers was in July 1933. His history after that date is unknown. 19 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • “The Role of Specific Grammar for Interpretation in Sanskrit”
    Quest Journals Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science Volume 9 ~ Issue 2 (2021)pp: 107-187 ISSN(Online):2321-9467 www.questjournals.org Research Paper “The Role of Specific Grammar for Interpretation in Sanskrit” Dr. Shibashis Chakraborty Sact-I Depatment of Sanskrit, Panskura Banamali College Wb, India. Abstract: Sanskrit enjoys a place of pride among Indian languages in terms of technology solutions that are available for it within India and abroad. The Indian government through its various agencies has been heavily funding other Indian languages for technology development but the funding for Sanskrit has been slow for a variety of reasons. Despite that, the work in the field has not suffered. The following sections do a survey of the language technology R&D in Sanskrit and other Indian languages. The word `Sanskrit’ means “prepared, pure, refined or prefect”. It was not for nothing that it was called the `devavani’ (language of the Gods). It has an outstanding place in our culture and indeed was recognized as a language of rare sublimity by the whole world. Sanskrit was the language of our philosophers, our scientists, our mathematicians, our poets and playwrights, our grammarians, our jurists, etc. In grammar, Panini and Patanjali (authors of Ashtadhyayi and the Mahabhashya) have no equals in the world; in astronomy and mathematics the works of Aryabhatta, Brahmagupta and Bhaskar opened up new frontiers for mankind, as did the works of Charak and Sushrut in medicine. In philosophy Gautam (founder of the Nyaya system), Ashvaghosha (author of Buddha Charita), Kapila (founder of the Sankhya system), Shankaracharya, Brihaspati, etc., present the widest range of philosophical systems the world has ever seen, from deeply religious to strongly atheistic.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Name of Krishna: the Cultural Landscape of a North Indian Pilgrimage Town
    In the Name of Krishna: The Cultural Landscape of a North Indian Pilgrimage Town A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Sugata Ray IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Frederick M. Asher, Advisor April 2012 © Sugata Ray 2012 Acknowledgements They say writing a dissertation is a lonely and arduous task. But, I am fortunate to have found friends, colleagues, and mentors who have inspired me to make this laborious task far from arduous. It was Frederick M. Asher, my advisor, who inspired me to turn to places where art historians do not usually venture. The temple city of Khajuraho is not just the exquisite 11th-century temples at the site. Rather, the 11th-century temples are part of a larger visuality that extends to contemporary civic monuments in the city center, Rick suggested in the first class that I took with him. I learnt to move across time and space. To understand modern Vrindavan, one would have to look at its Mughal past; to understand temple architecture, one would have to look for rebellions in the colonial archive. Catherine B. Asher gave me the gift of the Mughal world – a world that I only barely knew before I met her. Today, I speak of the Islamicate world of colonial Vrindavan. Cathy walked me through Mughal mosques, tombs, and gardens on many cold wintry days in Minneapolis and on a hot summer day in Sasaram, Bihar. The Islamicate Krishna in my dissertation thus came into being.
    [Show full text]
  • Gazetteers Organisation Revenue Department Haryana Chandigarh (India) 1998
    HARYANA DISTRICT GAZETTEEERS ------------------------ REPRINT OF AMBALA DISTRICT GAZETTEER, 1923-24 GAZETTEERS ORGANISATION REVENUE DEPARTMENT HARYANA CHANDIGARH (INDIA) 1998 The Gazetteer was published in 1925 during British regime. 1st Reprint: December, 1998 © GOVERNMENT OF HARYANA Price Rs. Available from: The Controller, Printing and Stationery, Haryana, Chandigarh (India). Printed By : Controller of Printing and Stationery, Government of Haryana, Chandigarh. PREFACE TO REPRINTED EDITION The District Gazetteer is a miniature encyclopaedia and a good guide. It describes all important aspects and features of the district; historical, physical, social, economic and cultural. Officials and other persons desirous of acquainting themselves with the salient features of the district would find a study of the Gazetteer rewarding. It is of immense use for research scholars. The old gazetteers of the State published in the British regime contained very valuable information, which was not wholly reproduced in the revised volume. These gazetteers have gone out of stock and are not easily available. There is a demand for these volumes by research scholars and educationists. As such, the scheme of reprinting of old gazetteers was taken on the initiative of the Hon'ble Chief Minister of Haryana. The Ambala District Gazetteer of 1923-24 was compiled and published under the authority of Punjab Govt. The author mainly based its drafting on the assessment and final reports of the Settlement Officers. The Volume is the reprinted edition of the Ambala District Gazetteer of 1923-24. This is the ninth in the series of reprinted gazetteers of Haryana. Every care has been taken in maintaining the complete originality of the old gazetteer while reprinting.
    [Show full text]
  • OBITUARY Bravo Raja Sahib (1923-2010)
    OBITUARY Bravo Raja Sahib (1923-2010) On Friday May 7th 2010 Raja Mumtaz Quli Khan passed away peacefully at his home in Lahore. Physically debilitated but mentally active and alert till his death. His death is most acutely felt by his family but poignantly experienced by all with whom he was associated as he was deeply admired by his students, patients, colleagues and friends. In him we have lost a giant in ophthalmology and the father of Ophthalmological Society of Pakistan. His sad demise marks the end of an era. It is difficult to adequately document and narrate the characteristics and qualities which made him such a dedicated teacher, organizer and most of all a great friend known as Raja Sahib to all of us. He was an inspiration to his colleagues, to his students and children of his students who ultimately became his students. Raja Sahib was born in a wealthy, land owning family in a remote village of Gadari near Jehlum on July 16th 1923. He went to a local school which was a few miles from his village and he used to walk to school as there were no roads in that area, although with his personal effort and influence he got a road built but many years after leaving school when he had become Raja Sahib. Did metric in 1938 and B.Sc. form F.C College Lahore in 1943 and joined Galancy Medical College Amritser (Pre- partition) and after creation of Pakistan joined K.E. Medical College Lahore. After completing his MBBS in 1948 from KEMC he did his house job with Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • City Coins Post Al Medal Auction No. 68 2017
    Complete visual CITY COINS CITY CITY COINS POSTAL MEDAL AUCTION NO. 68 MEDAL POSTAL POSTAL Medal AUCTION 2017 68 POSTAL MEDAL AUCTION 68 CLOSING DATE 1ST SEPTEMBER 2017 17.00 hrs. (S.A.) GROUND FLOOR TULBAGH CENTRE RYK TULBAGH SQUARE FORESHORE CAPE TOWN, 8001 SOUTH AFRICA P.O. BOX 156 SEA POINT, 8060 CAPE TOWN SOUTH AFRICA TEL: +27 21 425 2639 FAX: +27 21 425 3939 [email protected] • www.citycoins.com CATALOGUE AVAILABLE ELECTRONICALLY ON OUR WEBSITE INDEX PAGES PREFACE ................................................................................................................................. 2 – 3 THE FIRST BOER WAR OF INDEPENDENCE 1880-1881 4 – 9 by ROBERT MITCHELL........................................................................................................................ ALPHABETICAL SURNAME INDEX ................................................................................ 114 PRICES REALISED – POSTAL MEDAL AUCTION 67 .................................................... 121 . BIDDING GUIDELINES REVISED ........................................................................................ 124 CONDITIONS OF SALE REVISED ........................................................................................ 125 SECTION I LOTS THE FIRST BOER WAR OF INDEPENDENCE; MEDALS ............................................. 1 – 9 SOUTHERN AFRICAN VICTORIAN CAMPAIGN MEDALS ........................................ 10 – 18 THE ANGLO BOER WAR 1899-1902: – QUEEN’S SOUTH AFRICA MEDALS .............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Tribes and Empire on the Margins of Nineteenth-Century Iran
    publications on the near east publications on the near east Poetry’s Voice, Society’s Song: Ottoman Lyric The Transformation of Islamic Art during Poetry by Walter G. Andrews the Sunni Revival by Yasser Tabbaa The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Shiraz in the Age of Hafez: The Glory of Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century a Medieval Persian City by John Limbert by Zeynep Çelik The Martyrs of Karbala: Shi‘i Symbols The Tragedy of Sohráb and Rostám from and Rituals in Modern Iran the Persian National Epic, the Shahname by Kamran Scot Aghaie of Abol-Qasem Ferdowsi, translated by Ottoman Lyric Poetry: An Anthology, Jerome W. Clinton Expanded Edition, edited and translated The Jews in Modern Egypt, 1914–1952 by Walter G. Andrews, Najaat Black, and by Gudrun Krämer Mehmet Kalpaklı Izmir and the Levantine World, 1550–1650 Party Building in the Modern Middle East: by Daniel Goffman The Origins of Competitive and Coercive Rule by Michele Penner Angrist Medieval Agriculture and Islamic Science: The Almanac of a Yemeni Sultan Everyday Life and Consumer Culture by Daniel Martin Varisco in Eighteenth-Century Damascus by James Grehan Rethinking Modernity and National Identity in Turkey, edited by Sibel Bozdog˘an and The City’s Pleasures: Istanbul in the Eigh- Res¸at Kasaba teenth Century by Shirine Hamadeh Slavery and Abolition in the Ottoman Middle Reading Orientalism: Said and the Unsaid East by Ehud R. Toledano by Daniel Martin Varisco Britons in the Ottoman Empire, 1642–1660 The Merchant Houses of Mocha: Trade by Daniel Goffman and Architecture in an Indian Ocean Port by Nancy Um Popular Preaching and Religious Authority in the Medieval Islamic Near East Tribes and Empire on the Margins of Nine- by Jonathan P.
    [Show full text]
  • Lot 1 1939-45 Star, War & Defence Medal, George V Faithful Service Special Constabulary Medal Awarded to John H. Wilson
    Ryedale Auctioneers - Militaria, Sporting & Firearms Sale - Starts 16 Feb 2019 Lot 1 1939-45 Star, War & Defence Medal, George V Faithful Service Special Constabulary Medal awarded to John H. Wilson and a North Riding Special Constabulary lapel badge, various cloth arm badges and a Remembrance of Berlin 1945 medallion Estimate: 30 - 50 Fees: 24% inc VAT for absentee bids, telephone bids and bidding in person 27.6% inc VAT for Live Bidding and Autobids Lot 2 Group of four WWII medals comprising of 39-45 Star, France & Germany Star, War & Defence Medals (4) Estimate: 25 - 35 Fees: 24% inc VAT for absentee bids, telephone bids and bidding in person 27.6% inc VAT for Live Bidding and Autobids Lot 3 Framed and mounted display of St Johns Ambulance badges, medals etc including cloth arm badges for various Counties, lapel badges, miniature medal, The St Johns Ambulance Brigade black enamel badges, shoulder titles including 1, 4, 5, 6 SJAB, a gilt metal neck chain, Royton Corps cap badge etc (60cm x 53cm) Estimate: 40 - 60 Fees: 24% inc VAT for absentee bids, telephone bids and bidding in person 27.6% inc VAT for Live Bidding and Autobids Lot 4 The Most Venerable Order of St John silver & enamel neck badge with ribbon and associated miniature medal (2) Estimate: 80 - 120 Fees: 24% inc VAT for absentee bids, telephone bids and bidding in person 27.6% inc VAT for Live Bidding and Autobids Lot 5 Complete group of WWII miniatures including some re-issues, including 39-45 Star, France & Germany Star, Burma Star, Italy Star, Atlantic Star, Africa Star,
    [Show full text]
  • Heenaye- Mamode Khan Name: Maleika Mehr Nigar Mohamed Address: Petit Verger Branch Road, Moka, St-Pierre Email-Address: [email protected] Education
    Short Curriculum Vitae Personal Details Title: Dr (Mrs) Surname: Heenaye- Mamode Khan Name: Maleika Mehr Nigar Mohamed Address: Petit Verger Branch Road, Moka, St-Pierre Email-Address: [email protected] Education PhD in Computer Science and Engineering, University of Mauritius Date of Award: October 2015 Thesis Title: A Biometric Security System Using Dorsal Hand Vein Patterns and Palmprints Post Graduate Certificate, PG(Cert) in Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, University of Mauritius Degree, Bsc (Hons) Computer Science and Engineering, University of Mauritius Date of Award: August 2006 Mastery Award IBM Skills Academy: Big Data Developer 2016 Artificial Intelligence Analyst 2019 Current Position Position: Associate Professor, Department of Software and Information Systems Faculty of Information, Communication and Digital Technologies. April 2019- Onwards Publications Journal 1. Heenaye- Mamode Khan, M., (2012) “A Multimodal Hand Vein Biometric based on Score Level Fusion”, Journal of Procedia Engineering, Elsevier, Vol 41, Pg. 897-903, 2012. 2. M. Heenaye, B. Gobin and N. Mamode Khan (2012),“ Analysis of Felder-Solomon Index of Learning Styles of Students from Management and Engineering at the University of Mauritius”, Journal of Education and Vocational Research, Vol. 3, No. 8, pp. 244-249, Aug 2012 (ISSN 2221-2590) 3. Heenaye- Mamode Khan, M. Analysing Factors Affecting Hand Biometrics during Image Capture, (2014), Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, Volume 32, 2014, Pages 521–52 4. Inshirah Rossan, Heenaye- Mamode Khan, (2014) M, Impact of changing parameters when preprocessing dorsal hand vein pattern. Procedia Computer Science, Elsevier, 32, pp.513-520. 5. Maleika Heenaye- Mamode Khan, (2016), A Multibiometric Hand Security System, International Journal of Signal Processing Systems (International Journal of Signal Processing Systems Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Leoisla Tive Assembly Debates
    LEOISLA TIVE ASSEMBLY DEBATES FRIDAY, 16th JANUARY, 1931 Vol. I-No.3 OFFICIAL REPORT OONTENTS. Members Sworn. Election of the Standing Finance Oommittee. Election of the Standing Finance Oommittee for Railways. Election of Members to the Governing Body of the Imperial Oouncil of Agricultural Research. The Indian Ports (Amendment) Bill-Introduced. DELHI GOVERNMENT OF INDIA PREBB 1931 'Price 'Fi'De A. nnas., LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY. Friday, 16th January, 1931. .. The Assembly met in the Assembly Chamber of the Council HOllSe at Eleven of the Clock, Mr. R. K. Shanmukham Chetty in the Chair. MEMBERS SWORN: Rai Bahadur Pandit Triloki Nath Bhargava, M. L. A. (Fyzabad Division: Non-Muhammadan Rural); Kumar Gupteshwar Prasad Singh, M. L. A. (Gaya cum Monghyr: Non-Muhalromadan); Mr. James Hezlett, C.I.E., M. L. A. (Assam: Nominated Official). ELECTION OF THE STANDING FINANCE 90MMITTEE. Mr. Chairman: The House will now proceea to elect Memoers not ex- ceeding fourteen in number to the Standing Finance Committee. There were originally 32 candidates who were nominated, but the following have since withdrawn: Mr. B. Sitaramaraju, Mr. M. Maswood, a.nd Haji Chaudhury Muhammad Ismail Khan. ' The ballot papers will now be supplied to Honourable Memb"ers in tlie order in which I ~all them. (The ballot was toen taken.) ELECTION OF THE STANDING FINANCE COMMITl'EE FOR . RAILWAYS. - ,. Xr. Chairman: The House will now proceed to elect 11 Members 00 the Standing Finance Committee for Railways. Out of 37 candidates originally nominated, the following have since withdrawn ,their candidatu~e:- Mr. C, S. Ranga Iyer, KunwBlr Raghubir Singh, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Kālighāt and Ritual Purity in Kolkata: a Historical Approach to Generations in India
    Sociology Mind, 2019, 9, 114-126 http://www.scirp.org/journal/sm ISSN Online: 2160-0848 ISSN Print: 2160-083X Kālighāt and Ritual Purity in Kolkata: A Historical Approach to Generations in India Mario I. Aguilar School of Divinity, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK How to cite this paper: Aguilar, M. I. Abstract (2019). Kālighāt and Ritual Purity in Kol- kata: A Historical Approach to Generations Mother Teresa of Kolkata remains one of the adopted figures of the old In- in India. Sociology Mind, 9, 114-126. dian capital in that after her arrival to be a teacher in a well-to-do school in https://doi.org/10.4236/sm.2019.91007 Kolkata she took to the slums and the service of the “poorest of the poor” Received: September 5, 2018 within an independent India. While there are several works published about Accepted: January 8, 2019 her life after she opened Nirmal Hriday Ashram, a home for the destitute and Published: January 14, 2019 the dying in Kolkata, less has been researched on the female Hindu symbolic associations of Kolkata with the feminine, as well as the challenges that Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. Mother Teresa faced when as a Christian and as a woman decided to open This work is licensed under the Creative Nirma Hriday Ashram. This paper examines the significance of Kālighāt for Commons Attribution International Kolkata and Hinduism and the issues of (in) purity that were triggered by License (CC BY 4.0). Mother Teresa’s opening of a place for the dying within a property that pre- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access viously was part of the Kālighāt.
    [Show full text]
  • Administration of Dir Under Nawab Shah Jehan
    Pakistan Vol. 49, 2013 Annual Research Journal ADMINISTRATION OF DIR UNDER NAWAB SHAH JEHAN Gohar Ali Shah Abstract Dir the land of lofty mountains, snow peaks, lush green valley, transparent streams and industrious people, remained shrouded for a long time in obscurity, unknown to the outside world. It is very difficult to say that how and when Dir became the residential area but it must be said that due to the beauty, plenty and security, this area will have become the residential area from long age. Dir was invaded by Alexander, than came under the Budhist, the Mughal and important event was the settlement of the Yousafzai tribe in the area by defeating Swatis and Dilazaks in sixteenth century. The followers of Mullah Ilyas ruled for more than three centuries, and then a period of politicization and democratization started. Muhammad Shah Jehan ascended the throne after the death of his father Nawab Aurangzeb khan in November, 1924 and declared himself as the new Nawab of Dir and ruled till 1960. He was a tyrant ruler and ruled with an iron hand. He introduced some administrative reforms in army, judiciary, executive, and in legislation in his principality. His rule was not different than a dictator’s. He snatched the power from his father and imposed his own constitution to show his mighty power. This paper is an attempt to discuss the administrative setup of Nawab Shah Jehan in detail. The data has been collected from books and personal interviews. Keywords Dir, Nawab Shah Jehan, Administration, Jirgah, Shariah, Dastural Amal. Nawab Muhammad Shah Jehan After the death of Nawab Aurangzeb his son Shah Jehan succeeded his father as the Nawab of Dir and ruled from November 1925 to 8th October 1960.
    [Show full text]
  • Popular Protest, Disorder, and Riot in Iran: the Tehran Crowd and the Rise of Riza Khan, 1921–1925Ã
    IRSH 50 (2005), pp. 167–201 DOI: 10.1017/S002085900500194X # 2005 Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis Popular Protest, Disorder, and Riot in Iran: The Tehran Crowd and the Rise of Riza Khan, 1921–1925Ã Stephanie Cronin Summary: This article looks at the continuing political vitality of the urban crowd in early Pahlavi Iran and the role it played in the crises which wracked Tehran in the first half of the 1920s, examining, as far as possible, the ways in which crowds were mobilized, their composition, leaderships, and objectives. In particular it analyses Riza Khan’s own adoption of populist tactics in his struggle with the Qajar dynasty in 1924–1925, and his regime’s attempts to manipulate the Tehran crowd in an effort to overcome opposition, both elite and popular, and to intimidate formal democratic institutions such as the Majlis (parliament) and the independent press. In attempting to rescue the Tehran crowd from obscurity, or from condemnation as a fanatical and blindly reactionary mob, this article hopes to rectify the imbalance in much older scholarship which views early Pahlavi Iran solely through the prism of its state-building effort, and to introduce into the study of Iranian history some of the perspectives of ‘‘history from below’’. INTRODUCTION Early Pahlavi Iran has conventionally been seen through the prism of its state-building effort, the interwar decades characterized as a classic example of Middle Eastern ‘‘top-down modernization’’. In these years, according to this view, a new state, based on a secular, nationalist elite and acting as the sole initiator and agent of change, undertook a comprehensive and systematic reshaping of Iranian political, economic, social, and cultural life.
    [Show full text]