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Phase II of the GNSS Evolutionary Architecture Study February 2010

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Phase II of the GNSS Evolutionary Architecture Study February 2010 Phase II of the GNSS Evolutionary Architecture Study February 2010 This Report contains preliminary technical information only and does not represent official US Government, FAA, or GNSS Program Office positions or policy, except where explicitly stated, quoted, or referenced. Phase II of the GNSS Evolutionary Architecture Study February 2010 This Report contains preliminary technical information only and does not represent official US Government, FAA, or GNSS Program Office positions or policy, except where explicitly stated, quoted, or referenced. 1 GNSS Evolutionary Architecture Study Phase II Report Executive Summary ....................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction........................................................................................................... 10 1.1. Objectives and Scope........................................................................................ 10 1.2. Challenges for Satellite Navigation .................................................................. 11 1.3. Today’s Single Frequency Technologies for Aviation ..................................... 12 1.3.1. Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)............................... 12 1.3.2. Satellite-based Augmentation System (SBAS)......................................... 13 1.3.3. Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS)......................................... 14 1.3.4. Single Frequency Summary...................................................................... 15 1.4. Pending Changes in the GNSS Ecosystem ....................................................... 16 1.4.1. Dual Frequency Diversity......................................................................... 16 1.4.2. New Global Navigation Satellite Systems................................................ 17 1.4.3. Increased Integrity of the Core Constellations.......................................... 19 1.5. Recommendations and Outline......................................................................... 21 1.5.1. Dual Frequency WAAS ............................................................................ 22 1.5.2. Dual Frequency GBAS ............................................................................. 23 1.5.3. Advanced RAIM (ARAIM)...................................................................... 24 1.5.4. Schedule Risk............................................................................................ 26 1.6. Future Work for ARAIM Development ........................................................... 27 1.6.1. Generation and Validation of the Integrity Support Message .................. 27 1.6.2. ARAIM Threats and Potential Mitigation ................................................ 27 1.6.3. Data Links and Format for the ISM.......................................................... 28 1.6.4. New Performance Requirements .............................................................. 29 1.6.5. High Fidelity Prototyping ......................................................................... 29 1.6.6. Chronology ............................................................................................... 30 1.6.7. Alternate Navigation................................................................................. 30 2. LPV-200 Requirements and Threats..................................................................... 31 2.1. Performance Requirements to Support LPV-200 Capability............................ 31 2.1.1. Probability of Hazardously Misleading Information (HMI)..................... 31 2.1.2. False Alert Probability Requirement ........................................................ 31 2.1.3. Effective Monitor Threshold (EMT) ........................................................ 32 2.1.4. 95th Percentile Accuracy of the Vertical Position Error (VPE) ............... 32 2.2. GNSS Fault Causes and Effects........................................................................ 33 2.2.1. Faults in the Space and Ground Segments................................................ 33 2.2.2. Faults in the User Equipment and Signal Propagation Errors .................. 33 2.2.3. Fault Probabilities and Time to Alert........................................................ 34 2.3. Single Faults Versus Multiple Faults................................................................ 34 2.3.1. Effects of Multiple Signal Faults on Advanced RAIM ............................ 35 2.3.2. Historical Observations of Multiple Fault Conditions.............................. 35 2.3.3. Potential Causes of Consistent or Multiple Faults.................................... 35 2.3.4. Treatment of Multiple Faults in This Report ............................................ 37 3. ARAIM Basic Concept and Proposed VPL Equations......................................... 38 2 3.1. Assumptions...................................................................................................... 39 3.1.1. Satellite Ranging Error Characteristics..................................................... 39 3.1.2. URE........................................................................................................... 39 3.1.3. URA .......................................................................................................... 40 3.1.4. Bias in Range Measurements.................................................................... 40 3.1.5. Airborne Error Model ............................................................................... 40 3.1.6. Satellite Integrity Failure Models ............................................................. 40 3.1.7. Pr{HMI} Requirement Allocation............................................................ 41 3.2. ARAIM Concept............................................................................................... 42 3.2.1. ARAIM Algorithm.................................................................................... 42 3.2.2. ARAIM Availability................................................................................. 45 3.2.3. Optimization of ARAIM for Improved Availability ................................ 45 3.3. Proposed VPL Equations .................................................................................. 46 3.4. Multi-Constellation ARAIM............................................................................. 48 3.4.1. Background............................................................................................... 48 3.4.2. Multi-constellation ARAIM formulas ...................................................... 49 3.4.3. Inter-Constellation Comparisons.............................................................. 50 4. ARAIM Performance and Availability Results .................................................... 52 4.1. ARAIM Availability Results ............................................................................ 52 4.2. Impact of Correlated Faults on the ARAIM Integrity Performance................. 57 5. ARAIM Support: Ground Monitoring and Data Link .......................................... 60 5.1. Ground Monitoring........................................................................................... 60 5.1.1. Ground Monitoring by a Single Station.................................................... 62 5.1.2. Ground Monitoring by a Network ............................................................ 63 5.2. Message Content............................................................................................... 63 5.3. Data Links and Message Structures.................................................................. 63 5.3.1. Candidate Data Links................................................................................ 64 5.3.2. Message Structure and Capacity............................................................... 64 6. Validation of the URA.......................................................................................... 66 6.1. Evaluation Criteria............................................................................................ 66 6.1.1. Existing Statements................................................................................... 66 6.1.2. URE Performance Criteria........................................................................ 67 6.2. Validation Method............................................................................................ 68 6.2.1. IURE Computation Method...................................................................... 69 6.2.2. Performance Test...................................................................................... 70 6.3. Preliminary Results........................................................................................... 70 7. Preliminary ARAIM/ISM Prototype Plan ............................................................ 74 7.1. Overview........................................................................................................... 74 7.2. End State Objectives......................................................................................... 74 7.3. Evolution of Existing Prototyping Capabilities ................................................ 75 7.3.1. Current Capabilities.................................................................................. 75 7.3.2. Necessary Future Capabilities................................................................... 78 7.4. Development Plan............................................................................................
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