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Co-Invasion of Anchor Worms Lernaea Cyprinacea

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Co-Invasion of Anchor Worms Lernaea Cyprinacea Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 15(1) 369-389 2016 Co-invasion of anchor worms Lernaea cyprinacea (Copepoda: Lernaeidae) in some freshwater fishes of the Kor River Basin, Southwest of Iran with some remarks on the ecological aspects of lernaeosis in the country Sayyadzadeh G.*1; Esmaeili H.R.1; Ghasemian S.1; Mirghiyasi S.1; Parsi B.1; Zamanpoore M.2; Akhlaghi, M.3 Received: August 2014 Accepted: April 2015 Abstract In the present investigation, co-invasion of Lernaea parasite is reported in some fish species, collected from the Kor River Basin (Dorudzan Reservoir and Kor River), Southwest of Iran in 2010 and 2011. Lernaea cyprinacea parasites were isolated from the external surface of eye, lips, gills, nostrils, fins, operculum and body of Alburnus mossulensis, Capoeta aculeata, Capoeta saadii (all native cyprinids), Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus (exotic cyprinids). The highest infestation was found in endemic fish, C. aculeata with 61ectoparasites in a single specimen of 348 mm TL. The greatest prevalence was found in C. auratus (100%) followed by C. saadii (80%), C. aculeata (69.4%), C. carpio (30.1%) and A. mossulensis (27.3%). Lernaea parasites may have been translocated into Dorudzan Dam by exotic species (e.g., C. carpio and C. auratus) through the four processes of introduction (transport in alien host and acting as co- introduced species), establishment (survival and reproduction in alien host, acting as co-introduced species), spreading with its original host (dispersal) and switching to a native host species to become a co-invader. Keywords: Lernaea cyprinacea, Alien parasite, Invasive species, Ichthyodiversity, Iran 1-Department of Hydrobiology and Fisheries, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organisation, Shiraz, Iran. 2- Department of Hydrobiology and Fisheries, Fars Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Shiraz, Iran. 3-Aquatic Animal Health Unit, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. * Corresponding author's Email: [email protected] 370 Sayyedzadeh et al., Co-invasion of anchor worms Lernaea cyprinacea (Copepoda:…) Introduction more than 202 inland fish species Invasive species (IS) are alien (non- distributed in 19 major exorheic and native) organisms that have been endorheic basins and attracting introduced into an area outside of naturalists (Abdoli, 2000; Esmaeili et their natural range, establishing self- al., 2010; Coad, 2014). The Kor River sustaining populations and spreading Basin is one of the endorheic basins beyond their initial point of (drains to internal basin of Lake introduction, with deleterious impacts Bakhtegan) with high fish diversity on the environment, economy and (Esmaeili et al., 2010; Teimori et al., human health (Kolar and Lodge, 2001; 2010). The Dorudzan Dam on the Kor Lymbery et al., 2014). Biological River, containing 990 million m3 of invasions are now considered a major water, is 24 km long and about 9.5 km environmental issue of public concern wide and can support a fish fauna (Gozlan et al., 2010). Human (Coad, 2014). population growth, increasing transport Twenty eight confirmed fish species capacity and economic globalization (Table1) belonging to 22 genera, 9 have accelerated the rate of families and 6 orders have been introductions of alien species reported from the Kor River Basin throughout the world (Vitousek et al., (Esmaeili et al., 2010;Teimori et al., 1997; Sakai et al., 2001; Lymbery et 2010; Gholami et al., 2014a; Freyhof et al., 2014) especially alien and invader al., 2014) of which 20 and 8 species are parasites. Aquatic invasive species native and exotic, respectively showing (AIS) and bio-invasions (BI) are global high ichthyodiversity of this small environmental issues in marine, basin. However, drought, pollution, brackish and freshwater ecosystems of habitat destruction, exotic species and the world. For the terminology of alien parasites (e.g., Lernaea sp.) have species see Gozlan et al. (2010), affected this diversity (Esmaeili et al., Esmaeili et al. and Lymbery et al. 2008, 2009, 2010, 2014; Gholami et al., (2014). Invasive species are now 2014b). With increased attention on recognized as a major cause of parasitism and disease as threats to biodiversity loss and associated changes biodiversity, there is a need to identify in ecosystem function, leading to biotic the pathogens and parasites, which pose homogenisation as native species are significant risks (Daszak et al., 2000; replaced by widespread alien species Smith et al., 2006) especially the (Pimentel, 2002; Rahel, 2002; globally distributed parasite Lernaea in Simberloff, 2011; Lymbery et al., 2014) highly diverse area such as the Kor in many parts of the world including River Basin. Iran. Iran is a region of major Lernaea Linnaeus, 1746 zoogeographical interchange having (Cyclopoida: Lernaeidae) or anchor remarkable biodiversity comprising worms are parasitic copepods that are Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 15(1) 2016 371 found on the skin and gills of parts of skin, fins, eyes, and freshwater fishes and cause lernaeosis musculature tissues. The parasites were disease (Marina et al., 2008). It has mounted whole for identification using been widely translocated with cultured a compound microscope according to fish species and is now found Jalali (1997). Anchor worms of 4 to 8 throughout North America, Europe, mm lengths could be counted without Asia, southern Africa and eastern the aid of magnification. Cutaneous Australia with a very wide host range lesions about 4 mm in diameter were (Hoffman, 1970; Lester and Haywood, assumed to be sites of parasite 2006). Although Lernaea is not native attachment and were included in the to Iran but it was accidentally count because parasites were sometimes introduced to Iran with exotic fishes dislodged when the fish were being and currently it can be found removed from nets. Parasite data were throughout the country, both in native expressed as prevalences (proportion of and non-native fishes in different water infested hosts), intensities of infestation bodies (Table 3). (number of parasites per infested host) In this paper, we report a significant and infected organs. All the collected invasion of this parasite in some native fish specimens were stored in the and exotic fishes from the Kor River Zoological Museum-Collection of Basin, Southwest of Iran. Biology Department, Shiraz University (ZM-CBSU). Materials and methods Fish specimens were collected during Results field work from January – February A total of 331 fish specimens belonging 2010, and from May to October 2011 in to 8 species, 7 genera and 3 families Kor River Basin (Dorudzan Reservoir, were collected and examined from the 30°12'36.92"N, 52°21'45.89"E and Dorudzan Reservoir (locality I) and upstream of Kor River, 30°19'1.79"N, upstream of Kor River (locality II) 52°15'24.94"E which drains to the (Table 1). Lernaeid parasites were reservoir), using electrofishing devices, separated from five species including A. hand nets and gill nets. Identification of mossulensis, C. aculeata, C. saadii, C. fish specimen was carried out based on carpio and C. auratus (Cyprinidae). Coad (2014). The external surface of all Parasites were detected in different individuals was investigated macro- and body parts of fishes (Table 2, Figs. 1-4). microscopically to detect lernaeid All the isolated parasites were parasites that were examined under a identified as L. cyprinacea (Kularatne light microscope for diagnosis of the et al., 1994). infection. Lernaea parasites were carefully detached from the infected 372 Sayyedzadeh et al., Co-invasion of anchor worms Lernaea cyprinacea (Copepoda:…) Table 1: Native and exotic fishes reported from Kor River Basin of Iran. T: translocated species; E: endemic species. Order Family Species Native/Exotic Acipenser persicus Native, T Acipenseriformes Acipenseridae Acipenser stellatus Native, T Huso huso Native, T Acanthobrama persidis Native, E Alburnoides qanati Native, E Alburnus mossulensis Native Capoeta aculeate Native, E Capoeta saadii Native, E Carasobarbus luteus Native Carassius auratus Exotic Cyprinidae Chondrostoma orientale Native, E Cypriniformes Ctenopharyngodon idella Exotic Cyprinus carpio Exotic Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Exotic Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Exotic Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi Native, T Pesudorasbora parva Exotic Cobitidae Cobitis linea Native, E Oxynoemacheilus farsicus Oxynoemacheilus persa Native, E Nemacheilidae Oxynoemacheilus tongiorgii Native, E Paracobitis persa Native, E Perciformes Percidae Sander lucioperca Native, T Mugiliformes Mugilidae Chelon abu Native Salmoniformes Salmonidae Oncorhynchus mykiss Exotic Cyprinodontidae Aphanius shirini Native, E Cyprinodontiformes Aphanius sophiae Native, E Poeciliidae Gambusia holbrooki Exotic Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 15(1) 2016 373 Table 2: Lernaea data, prevalences, intensities, infected organ and total length (mm) of fishes in two localities of Kor River Basin (Dorudzan and Kor River). Fish Species Locality N Charactristics Mean (SD) Infected organs Total length 180.42 Dorudzan 11 Intensity 0.64 (1.12) Skin (fins) Alburnus mossulensis Prevalence 27.3% Total length 116.9 Kor River 57 Intensity 0 - Prevalence 0 Total length 299.5 Skin, Nostril, Eye, Dorudzan 121 Intensity 8.82 (11.6) Lip, Rostrum Prevalence 69.4% Capoeta aculeata Total length 145.7 Kor River 22 Intensity 0.14 (0.47) Skin (fins) Prevalence 9.1% Total length 241 Cyprinus carpio Skin including fins, Dorudzan 83 Intensity 1.35 (3.22)
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