North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Number 1 | Spring/Summer 2012 | ISSN 0029-2540

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From the Pen of the Editor: The Digital Dark Ages? 01 Ralph L. Scott

Unthinkable Horror or Emerging Best Practice? Exploring Access to 02 Special Collection Materials through Interlibrary Loan C. William Gee, L.K. Gypsye Legge

“And Next Month We Will Be Reading…”: Book Clubs and Book 15 Discussions in North Carolina Melissa Rich

The Kinston-Lenoir County Public Library: A Brief History 21 David Robert Miller

Found! Restoring and Digitizing the Cuala Press Sample Book 25 Craig Fansler

Anime-zing in North Carolina: Library Views of Anime Fans 28 Nina Exner

North Carolina Books 35 Compiled by Eileen McGrath

Wired to the World: Murfie 52 Ralph L. Scott

Lagniappe: What Publishers Can Learn From Other Media Business Models 53 Robert Wolf

North Carolina Libraries is the official publication of the North Carolina Library Association.

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 1 From the Pen of the Editor | Ralph Scott

The Digital Dark Ages? North Carolina Libraries Editoral Board ver go looking for the electronic version of that document you stored on an eight inch floppy disk written in WordPerfect 2.0? If you did, then you are EDITOR Ralph Lee Scott Joyner Library, ECU entering the digital dark age. While paper has been around since the year [email protected] E105, most digital media is at best decades old. Older analog electronic data such as ASSOCIATE wire recordings, records, Dictaphone belts, 8-track tapes, and reel to reel tape, even EDITORS Terry W. Brandsma Jackson Library, UNC-Greensboro when preserved under ideal conditions, often are unplayable because the hardware [email protected] to read them no longer is working. I know of one collector of Western movies, that Anne Coleman converted his entire collection of VHS tapes to DVDs. When I suggested to him that Asst. Dean for Research Services, his collection of “gold label” DVDs might not be playable in 25 or so years, he was UNC Pembroke [email protected] not happy. We live in a society that believes that the newest technology will always Diane Kester be available in the future. Music on compact disks, a relatively recently innovation, Library Science Department, ECU is now moving up into the cloud computing arena. I am writing this editorial using [email protected]

Word 2002, on an XP machine with 512MB of system memory. In short a machine Page Life that most people would have long since discarded. At some point I’ll probably buy Davis Library, UNC-CH [email protected] a wireless keyboard for my iPAD, but right now that’s just more money to spend and something else to lug around. My institution recently tossed out their entire Jane S. McAllister Davie County Public Library print run of L’Annee Philologique, the primary reference tool in the classics. The main [email protected] reason given for this decision was that we needed the stack space and online access Eileen McGrath provided a more “universal platform” for faculty, on campus students, and distance North Carolina Collection, UNC- th CH education students. Lev Grossman, in the September 4 , 2011 New York Times Book [email protected] Review, points out the many virtues of the codex book, primarily the ability to “jump John Raynor to any point in a text instantly.” This ability is not present in historical scrolls, DVD High Point Public Library movies, music or video games. Of course, with a “tablet” e-book reader you can [email protected] “scroll” around, an interesting play on older writing technologies. Digital media Allan Scherlen are undergoing a process similar to what the codex book did back in the fifteenth Social Sciences Librarian, ASU [email protected] century. Not every item produced is destined to be saved. Some will be placed on the Index (until Wikileaks frees them), others will end up in the digital equivalent of the Elizabeth H. Smith Professor Emerita, ECU medieval bonfire, the delete key. Will the electronic version of L’Annee Philologique [email protected] be available to researchers in fifty years? That depends on how successful we are at the Jennifer Smith curation of what society thinks is important. In fifty years will we have electricity to Belk Library, Elon University read all of these digital files? What about batteries for portable devices? Some of us [email protected] are celebrating the 150th anniversary of the United States Civil War. I wonder what W. Joseph Thomas Collection Development, ECU would happen if you gave my iPAD to a civil war soldier (you get to pick which [email protected] side)? He or she would probably think it made a neat thing to sit on. Even if we have Mike Van Fossen in the future perfectly stable low-cost unlimited storage capacity, would we want to Davis Library, UNC-CH store everything? I suspect not, even important legal documents like tax returns have [email protected] limited retention periods. One area where people are making a difference in curation, Rob Wolf Serials/Digital Projects Librarian, is video games, where ad hoc groups of users are getting together to convert games UNC-Pembroke to newer formats. There is a small, but loyal group of Word Perfect users for Mac, [email protected] who still peck away on their ancient software. Do we want Pac-Man and Super Mario Jamane Yeager Brothers or L’Annee Philologique preserved for the future? If we want the latter, we best Reference / Electronic Resources Librarian, Elon University be getting about our business as curators of recorded knowledge (librarians). [email protected]

LAYOUT Michael Reece Letters to the editor should be addressed to the editor and sent to Joyner Library, East Fifth Street, Greenville, NC Joyner Library, ECU 27858, or by electronic mail ([email protected]). We reserve the right to edit all submissions. If you are interested [email protected] in writing for North Carolina Libraries or would like consideration for news and product information, please send brief information to the editor at the above address.

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 1 C. William Gee, L.K. Gypsye Legge Unthinkable Horror or Emerging Best Practice? Exploring Access to Special Collection Materials through Interlibrary Loan

This article explores the question of increasing access to restricted access collections through interlibrary loan. Surveys sent to 15 member institutions of the University of North Carolina system measured current activity levels, special collection/interlibrary loan cooperation, and willingness to expand services in this manner. Mission statements from throughout the UNC system were reviewed and found to frequently contain content supporting widespread access. Known practices are described and potential models for change are suggested and critiqued. The authors conclude that for such practices to become widespread, a concerted effort by administrators, practitioners, professional associations, and researchers will likely be required.

eeking to improve service and and ILL circles. As residents of Special Collections obviously pre- access are constant topics of dis- North Carolina, the authors investi- date modern libraries. Likewise, the cussion in libraries. As online gated what the University of North practice of interlibrary loan certainly searchesS result in greater awareness Carolina system was doing in this is not new, as is evidenced by let- of special or restricted collections, a regard by surveying our colleagues ters in Library Journal from 18763 movement is growing to make spe- on current practices between spe- and 18924 championing interlibrary cial collections and other restricted cial collections and interlibrary loan; loan. The ILL service in the United access materials more accessible. To concurrently we reviewed library lit- States quickly became widespread address these aspects of professional erature and UNC system mission enough to warrant the American practice for Special Collections, the statements and websites for relevant Library Association publishing ILL Association of Research Libraries information. guidelines over 90 years ago5 and established a working group which For the purpose of this article, to warrant the creation of interna- produced Special Collections in ARL special collections are defined as tional guidelines over fifty years ago.6 Libraries: A Discussion Report from manuscripts, personal papers, rare Lending of special collections mate- the ARL Working Group on Special books, and other archival materials rials, however, does not have as long Collections1 and later expanded the that are usually gathered into separate of an history, but specific guidelines discussion in a web conference.2 collections, frequently called ‘Special have existed for more than 15 years The report and webinar led to Collections,’ under restricted access to govern the provision of rare and several conversations between the policies that often include non-cir- unique materials to outside libraries.7 authors of this article about how culating closed stacks and monitored Even before these protocols existed, interlibrary loan (ILL) could work in reading rooms. The term restricted some libraries were pursuing simi- collaboration with Special Collections access is also used to describe these lar objectives: the New York State to improve patron services, expand items, as not all of the potential sur- Library talked about doing so in access to special collection materi- vey respondents were responsible for 1954;8 a Wisconsin network began als, and possibly also to better utilize or associated with traditional Special inter-campus lending of archival library employee talent and limited Collections. materials in 1961 and Missouri simi- time. While conducting a prelimi- larly followed in 1978.9 RBML (Rare nary literature review, we discovered Literature Review Book and Manuscripts Librarianship) that using interlibrary loan for spe- The authors originally shared the published a special issue dedicated to cial collections was not a unique idea thought that access to special collec- this topic in 1988.10 Indeed, provid- – it appeared to be growing in accep- tion materials through interlibrary ing access is not just a local activity; tance, both within Special Collection loan was a new and untried approach. it is a key provision in the Code of

2 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 Ethics for Archivists.11 Yet, while such in the mid-1990s,20 Clapinson dis- sharing special collection materials by guidelines and example services cre- cussed Oxford’s resource sharing and interlibrary loan.30 Shrauger wrote in ated a framework to provide access digitization initiatives,21 and Snyder a 2010 article, co-written with Lee to special collections through inter- recounted a pilot project at UC Dotson, about how “[o]pening the library loan, the practice appears to Berkeley’s Bancroft Library.22 Also doors of special collections to interli- have remained relatively uncommon at the Sharing the Wealth forum, brary loan would set a new standard until more recently. Wright23 and Worthey24 talked about for research and access.”31 At the 2010 With the increasing standard- how their libraries, the Library of ILLiad International Conference, the ization of collections through large Congress and Stanford, respectively, session “ILL for Archives and Special e-journal packages, database subscrip- were digitizing on demand; Wright Collections” covered the topic’s his- tions, and collection development shared the Library of Congress’ motto tory and current state and described through automated approval plans, for the project was “Copy Once, Shrauger’s success story from the the unique or rare materials owned by Access Always.” During Martin’s key- University of Central Florida.32 A libraries are increasingly distinguish- note address at Sharing the Wealth, follow-up session was then held ing institutions from each other, yet he reiterated that Ranganathan’s at the 2011 ILLiad International these special resources are frequently Five Laws of Librarianship include Conference,33 where the new draft of limited access. Attention to this that books are to be used and that ACRL/RBMS combined guidelines trend was brought with the release of libraries should save the time of the for interlibrary loan and lending for the 2001 report, Special Collections user, with the context being that exhibition was discussed.34 A revised in ARL Libraries: A Discussion Report using interlibrary loan and other draft was approved by RBMS at ALA from the ARL Working Group on methods to provide access to spe- Annual in June, 2011, and forwarded Special Collections,12 and has seen cial collections would be in keeping to the ACRL Board.35 continued discussion of the needs, with these laws.25 Also challenges, and potential merit of in 2002, Muhlberger what are now collectively known as wrote about how the ...the unique or rare materials “hidden collections”.13 Indeed, as BOOKS2U! service Eden and Raymond conclude, special operated by Austrian owned by libraries are increasingly collection materials are giving librar- Literature Online was distinguishing institutions from each ies renewed relevance,14 but only, as digitizing older books Pritchard advocates, if the materials on demand.26 In 2004, other, yet these special resources are are properly cataloged for discovery Turner and Scott wrote and then made available for use.15 in the Journal of Access frequently of limited access. Ling talks about the “tyranny of dis- Services summarizing a tance”16 -- about how few patrons pilot project for interlibrary loaning While the literature review con- have the time or money to travel of special collections materials within ducted during the 2009-2010 across the state, country, or world the University of California system.27 academic year showed that there to research. To ameliorate some of The Rethinking Resource Sharing appears to be building momen- these obstacles, the National Archives Initiative released a manifesto in tum and increasing justification of Australia began a digitization-on- 2007 to encourage libraries to have, throughout the profession for demand program of special collection in part, “the lowest possible barriers expanding access to special collec- materials in 2001.17 to fulfillment” and to make available tions through interlibrary loan and The Research Libraries Group resources from “cultural institutions digitization-on-demand, it did not (RLG) hosted the Sharing the Wealth of all sorts: libraries, archives, muse- reveal any publications about efforts forum in 2002 to discuss issues ums....”28 Moving forward to 2009, in this arena by University of North surrounding ILL and special collec- a joint ARL/CNI/SPARC report was Carolina system libraries. However, tions;18 in it, Hickerson explained released that detailed nine principles at the 2011 International ILLiad Cornell’s lending program in place for digitizing special collections mate- conference, it was announced that since 1993,19 Kempe explained how rials.29 Also in 2009, OCLC Research UNC-Chapel Hill libraries are devel- the Frick Art Reference Library hosted a webinar with a panel dis- oping a policy to address ILL and began to lend from its collections cussing their varied experiences with Special Collections (G. Holliday,

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 3 personal communication, March mission continues: “This mission is to the general public. Only 13 of the 24, 2011). Recognizing that there accomplished through instruction main academic libraries throughout has been little previous formal effort [...]; through research, scholarship, the system had posted statements, of to increase or improve services in and creative activities, which advance which three support public service, this manner throughout the state of knowledge and enhance the educa- two their universities’ missions, two North Carolina encouraged us to tional process; and through public the state, two their communities, two move forward with our investiga- service [...]. In the fulfillment of this their regions, and one distance users. tion, including developing a survey mission, the University shall seek an Nine restricted/Special Collection on factors affecting implementation efficient use of available resources mission statements were located: of ILL of restricted collection materi- to ensure the highest quality in its three promote access, two service als and a review of available mission service to the citizens of the State” to the region, and one to the state; statements within the UNC system [emphasis in original].38 one specifically noted its cooperation libraries. Since the UNC system values with other institutions. Several state- the communication of knowledge, ments in each category employ more Mission Statement Review service to improve the state, and effi- than one of these terms. Anecdotally, Having found no formal publica- ciency, expanding access to special outside of the survey, one colleague tions about the UNC system making collections materials using cost-effec- shared that the department head at restricted access materials available by tive methods would appear to be that person’s institution frequently interlibrary loan, the next order of encouraged, at least tangentially, at made statements about “serving the business was to look at the institutions’ the university system level. people of [the region]” within the public information to determine how Seeking evidence of how each larger idea of “being in service to the each defined its purpose. Universities, campus interpreted the manner in People of North Carolina” and even like most organizations, operate with which the UNC system mission is the forthright assessment “we are a limited resources and must priori- applied locally, the mission state- state school–the­ collection belongs to tize which programs and services ments of each institution and, when the citizens of the state.” they offer. These decisions are often available, of their respective academic No ILL mission statements were based on their individual mission libraries and special collection opera- located on any of the libraries’ web- statements and the resulting strategic tions were reviewed as published on sites. We take that to indicate that planning. The University of North their websites. Our review looked the mission statement of the library Carolina operates as a multi-campus for wording that showed an empha- or, in cases when the library does not university comprised of 17 quasi- sis on serving patrons outside the offer an overt statement, the cam- independent institutions, including institution, on spreading knowledge, pus’s statement gives inspiration and 15 general universities.36 Two cam- and on access beyond the campus. guidance for their activities, which puses were excluded from our review: Whether by a reference to being in are normally governed administra- UNC School of the Arts, which has service to “those who pursue knowl- tively with the day-to-day focus on a limited focus and small enrollment, edge”39 or “services and programs fulfilling requests and meeting library and the North Carolina School of to the community, including the goals. Science and Mathematics, which is a military, and other educational insti- residential school for 11th and 12th tutions throughout North Carolina, Survey Explanation grade students. Since the University the nation, and the world,”40 or some The authors decided to create a of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is other variation of a similar concept, survey to send to their respective often referred to simply as “UNC,” all mission statements reviewed colleagues in interlibrary loan and the phrase “UNC system” is fre- address some aspect of the idea that special collections at the 15 general quently used throughout the state to doing more to better serve patrons, universities in the UNC system. In refer to all campuses, a distinction we especially those in North Carolina, drafting the survey, it was decided continue in this article. The mission is a primary pursuit. Seven of the that two separate, targeted surveys of the UNC system is “to discover, 15 universities’ mission statements would be easier and faster for each create, transmit, and apply knowledge were found to specifically mention audience to complete. The surveys to address the needs of individuals service to the state and region, four were first distributed in May 2010, and society.”37 The UNC system’s to their communities, and only one during the end of the spring semester

4 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 when it was anticipated that the end identifiable as having relevant respon- in the text block field on the survey. of the academic year might provide sibilities for restricted collections; two Three said they would be very recipients enough of a reduced daily UNC schools had no readily identifi- unlikely to lend special collection workload to complete the surveys able recipient for the survey. Eight materials to other institutions, two before turning their attention to pre- surveys were begun, but by the final were undecided and one responded paring annual reports. The surveys question only six respondents were as being very likely to consider the were sent electronically using the active. The survey was 41 questions practice. Four were unlikely to offer Qualtrics software to email addresses long with several being multipart, access to restricted materials from gathered from websites through the such as identifying available equip- other institutions in their own search UNC system website.41 PDF versions ment or classifying patrons by status rooms. Table 1 details the equip- of both sets of questions along with (faculty, staff, graduate students, et ment available for reproduction some referenced resources were made al.) Responses are described numeri- of restricted access materials. The available to participants on a proj- cally rather than by percentages to responses suggest a solid infrastruc- ect website.42 When responses were provide a clearer representation of the ture for reproduction of restricted not forthcoming after several weeks, available information, as describing access items by approved operators, reminder emails were sent and the four responses as 57% did not seem a which will be discussed further below. deadline extended, moving deep into fair representation of the data. the summer months. Four had not read Special Collections Response Even with reminders and exten- in ARL Libraries: A Discussion Report combination photocopier/scanner 6 sions, we closed the surveys with from the ARL Working Group on less than half of the invitees hav- Special Collections or participated 11” x 17” size 5 ing responded. While such results in or viewed the online discussion color scanner 5 are typical for such an instrument, reviewing the report; two said it had 8.5” x 11” size 4 we were concerned about the value been read and two said it had not been of the information collected; yet, reviewed in detail. At the onset, one digital camera, handheld 3 some interesting trends emerged was willing to consider changing their overhead scanner 3 from the data. Notably, more Special practices, one was not, and six were flatbed scanner 3 Collection contacts responded than unsure. Four respondents had dis- digital camera, stand mounted 2 ILL contacts. We originally thought cussed providing special collections that ILL contacts, who provide mate- materials by interlibrary loan prior microfilm duplication machine 2 rials to outsiders daily, would readily to this survey. Seven restricted access scanning by other department(s) 2 reply, whereas Special Collection con- collections detailed actively providing microfiche duplication machine 2 tacts, who are mostly accustomed to loans and copies from special collec- other - please explain 1 providing materials for in-house use tions. Fees were referenced by four of and to preserving materials, might be seven respondents to the question, 17” x 23-3/8” size 1 more skeptical about the topic and “What restrictions are there on the photocopier only (no scanners) 1 thus less likely to complete the sur- use of copies or other reproductions larger than 17” x 23-3/8” 0 vey. Analyses of the two surveys are of restricted access/special collection presented in the following sections. materials?” While the nature or qual- high-speed book scanner 0 While the information gained is per- ity of the relationship between ILL Table 1: Equipment Available in Special haps of limited statistical significance, and those responsible for restricted Collection Areas for Reproduction of Restricted Access Materials the results provide insights into the collections was not addressed directly, concerns of individual respondents four of seven indicated that the han- In response to other questions in who are active practitioners. dling of requests for ILL of restricted the survey, one respondent speci- materials was “uncertain,” which sug- fied that items identified as rare Special Collections gests vague or tenuous interactions. books were not photocopied and Survey Summary Five participants indicated that their two replies indicated having received The Special Collections survey was manuals or policies that govern ILL a loan of restricted access mate- emailed to the 13 contacts through- or special collections were available rials, but only one instance was out the UNC system who were online, and two provided information subsequently described in replies

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 5 to the relevant questions. The most and copies from restricted collections. negotiate lending terms. Responses encouraging response was the three While two do not charge for interli- were split between requirements and respondents who indicated that since brary loan, two others charge some preferred restrictions regarding the considering the questions in this sur- libraries outside of the UNC system handling of loans (see Table 2). vey it was “very likely” that requests to borrow from them; one library In terms of equipment, three have for restricted materials via ILL would stated that it charges its patrons for at a flatbed scanner, two have a color be investigated. The survey’s design least some interlibrary loan requests. scanner, and two have a microfiche only allows the researchers to know Three ILL offices claim a close rela- duplication machine available. One that two of the three had not previ- tionship with special collections, library asked if there were a software ously discussed this possibility. whereas one indicated that it does package that could be used to better not have much of a relationship. No manage requests between ILL and ILL Survey Summary participants forwarded their manuals Special Collections and wondered The ILL survey was emailed to 15 or policies that govern ILL or Special how ILL operations could “convince ILL contacts throughout the UNC Collections, as the survey requested. special collections that such col- system. Seven libraries began the Three said being in the UNC sys- laboration would be in both of our survey, but only three completed tem made them more likely to scan benefits.” These are worthy questions all 19 questions. Two had not read or lend special collection materials to that need further investigation and Special Collections in ARL Libraries: other UNC libraries. Three libraries discussion. A Discussion Report from the ARL expressed concern over the cost of Working Group on Special Collections special shipping services, the use of Current Process or participated in or viewed the online special packaging supplies, and the at One UNC Campus discussion reviewing the report; one requirement of insurance; two were To better understand the possible said it had read the report and one concerned over having to use special benefits that collaboration between said it had only skimmed it. Two shipping services, special handling Special Collections and Interlibrary were willing to consider changing processes, and the cost of special Loan could bring, one must under- their practices, one was not, and one supplies. Additionally, single respon- stand the process now frequently was unsure. Three had discussed pro- dents identified lacking staff time in use. The current process at one viding special collections materials by and knowledge of handling special UNC institution – where one of the interlibrary loan prior to this survey, collection materials, having to charge authors is a faculty member – and but only one actively provides loans special lending fees, and having to comparable to many other libraries in

Should be Preferred Neither Required Responses Required Restriction nor Preferred Make in-library-use only 1 2 0 3 Make in-library-use only in the borrowing library’s special 0 2 1 3 collections reading room or with other supervision Make in-library-use with a proctor or other supervision 0 0 3 3 Use courier shipping (e.g. FedEx or UPS) 2 0 1 3 Use extra shipping insurance 1 1 1 3 Shipping in boxes with bubble wrap (e.g. no peanuts, paper fluff, 2 1 0 3 newspapers) Limit to faculty or graduate students only 0 2 1 3 Charge extra lending fees for processing 1 1 1 3 Have special signed releases or use agreements by the patron 1 1 1 3 Have special signed releases or use agreements by the borrowing 0 1 1 2 institution Have special signed releases or use agreements by the patron and 1 0 1 2 the borrowing institution Table 2: Potential Restrictions for Off-Site Lending of Restricted Material

6 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 the authors’ experiences, is for be duplicated by Special Collections’ steps. On the other hand, if these Interlibrary Loan personnel to receive employees (see Figure 1). These tasks patrons or libraries want a copy from requests for special collections mate- are accomplished along with their a book or journal in the general col- rials and to cancel the requests with a other tasks of helping on-site patrons lections, they can enter their request note directing libraries to contact the in the reading room, processing new in the online ILLiad system, then local Special Collections department materials, teaching instruction classes Interlibrary Loan employees can pull directly. When borrowing libraries on the collections, and preserving the items, send loans by mail or provide follow through to contact Special materials. Interlibrary Loan person- scans or copies within a day or two for Collections, they must download a nel currently must also go through free without additional forms or con- request form from that departmental this process with Special Collections sultations (see Figure 2). Since local website, complete the form, submit whenever any patron wants materials patrons and borrowing libraries rarely the form, wait for an estimate of from the restricted access collections, know if what they want is in the gen- the cost of the photocopy or loan (if whether an outside library request- eral collections or special collections, applicable), print, sign and submit a ing interlibrary loan service or a local there is confusion and delay; they do use agreement (restricting publica- patron requesting document delivery not understand why sometimes the tion and/or requiring a citation to service. This is a cumbersome pro- library is fairly easy and quick to use the holding library), pay in advance cess that forces individual patrons and other times it is not. by check or credit card (which the and borrowing libraries, as well as Some progress in this area has Circulation Department has to pro- our Interlibrary Loan’s and Special been made in the past few years at the cess), and then wait for the material to Collections’ staffs, to complete many author’s institution. ILL has received

ILL cancels Special Collections request, refers sends request form ILL receives Item identified as in If borrower conctacts borrower to contact to borrower or request Special Collections Special Collections Special Collections directs borrower to for options an online form

Special Collections prepares price Special Special Collections Borrower quote & use Collections reviews request accepts agreement; sends approves to borrower

Special Borrower Borrower pays Borrower pays Collections refuses Special Collections Circulation by denies by mail phone or mail

Special Collections Circulation notifies Special Collections sends payment to Circulation processes payment Special Collections scans or Circulation of payment photocopies item

Special Collections denies request and informs the borrower by Special Collections emails phone, fax, email, or mail or mails document and informs the borrower by phone, fax, email, or mail

Special Collections reshelves item

Figure 1: Current Process for Interlibrary Loan Requests for Most Special Collections Materials

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 7 Holding & ILL checks ILL receives Item held/ Item availability checked; shelves,databases, request available found license or e-journals checked

Item not ILL pulls & held/not Item not examines item available found

Borrower ILL cancels refuses request; ILLiad conditions notifies borrower or cost

If payment is needed IFM is ILL sends charged through ILLiad; other ILL updates ILLiad any restrictions or billing payments are received once as supplying; If OK questions to borrower via invoiced (pre-paymnet is not borrower is notified ILLiad needed before delivery) automatically

ILL delivers digital file ILL packages item ILL ships item to by Ariel, Odyssey or ILL takes item to for shipping or borrower; ILLiad Loan Article e-mail or photocopy is Circulation for scans/copies/prints updates borrower faxed or mailed; ILLiad re-shelving article updates borrower

Figure 2: Current Interlibrary Loan Lending Process for Non-Special Collections Materials approval to scan from select journal Implications most frustrating parts of research runs in special collections and select While those surveyed did not provide can include being referred between archive materials (e.g. yearbooks and voluminous data, the information various library departments at one’s dissertations) rather than directing gathered when combined with the home institution and/or at other borrowing libraries to contact Special literature review, mission statements, institutions, raising funds to travel Collections directly. ILL also was once and an observation of current prac- to consult research materials, rushing permitted to scan from a newsletter tices does suggest some points of through research with limited travel housed in a restricted access collec- consideration. Libraries have many time, and paying and waiting for loans tion for a distance education patron. unique materials housed in our spe- or duplications; providing special col- The process for these requests is that cial collections that, if made more lection materials through interlibrary the borrowing libraries or patrons accessible, could be integrated into loan could help mitigate these con- place their requests through interli- our shared understanding of human cerns. Additionally, providing loans brary loan; ILL confirms the material history. OCLC Research released a and scans of rare items could expand is in the allowed special collection document entitled “Support for the the use of the collections, which could areas, and asks special collection staff Research Process” in 2009 that sets quantify their value. Another benefit to pull the materials, which are then forth a ten-point “call to action” would be that having reciprocal rela- immediately taken to ILL for scan- for academic libraries in particu- tionships with other lending libraries ning and then returned immediately lar, including that libraries should could help researchers at one’s home to Special Collections (see Figure 3). “design flexible new services around institution to have higher quality In contrast, the usual process for ILL those parts of the research process that research produced more quickly at for materials from the general col- cause researchers the most frustration a lower cost. If libraries value our lection is to pull the materials, leave and difficulty”43 and that libraries collections and want people to use them stacked on carts awaiting scan- should “find ways to demonstrate them, we need to make them avail- ning (sometimes overnight in the to senior university administration, able to distance researchers, whether ILL office), and then place them in accreditors, and auditors the value by loan, copies, scan-on-demand, or Circulation to await re-shelving, of library services and resources to mass-digitization. which can be a several day process. scholarship.”44 Surely some of the

8 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 As library budgets are increas- items. The time is now to greatly automated management systems ingly scrutinized and as researchers, expand access to special collection existed, there must be methods for taxpayers, donors, and granting materials, be it through scan-on- libraries to coordinate such services agencies increasingly demand greater demand services, interlibrary loan, today. Developing a work-flow and access and accountability, we antici- or ILL-driven scan-on-demand ser- service model for interlibrary loan pate programs that lend interlibrary vices. Many ILL operations have to provide restricted access materials loan special collection materials will automated networked request man- can be accomplished multiple ways. be more widely implemented, likely agement systems, automated fee Figure 4 illustrates several options for modeled on the successful programs management services, specialized processing. It has ILL staff receiving previously cited. Libraries have made scanning equipment, electronic the request, then sending the request great progress in recent decades with delivery software and servers, and the to special collection personnel to cataloging special collection materials packaging areas and supplies needed review and pull approved materials. and with creating electronic finding to provide special collections materi- At that point either ILL or special aids so patrons can more easily and als to others. collection personnel could handle remotely discover what exists in our With examples previously dis- negotiations for cost or use. Then collections. Libraries have created cussed of libraries providing special ILL could process the request by digital resources from small portions collection materials beyond the insti- copying or packaging, or special col- of collections to help increase access tution in the past fifty years, even lections or another department could and to reduce the wear on fragile before overnight courier services and do so -- whichever is deemed to have

List of ILL asks Item identified ILL receives Special Collections Item on Special Collections as in Special request available to ILL list to decide Collections is checked about ILL

Special Collections approves ILL cancels request, Item not refers borrower on list to contact Special Collections Special for options Collections denies

ILL updates ILLiad Restrictions or ILL obtains item as supplying; billing questions sent ILL scans or copies from Special borrower is notified by ILL via ILLiad to item immediately Collections automatically borrower

Digital file is ILL processes ILL returns delivered by Ariel, payment using item to Special Odyssey, or e-mail ILLiad or receives Collections or photocopy is payment after immediately faxed or mailed invoicing

Special Collections Special Collections If borrower sends request form Special prepares price Special Collections Borrower contacts Special to borrower or Collections quote & use reviews request accepts Collections directs borrower to approves agreement; sends an online form to borrower

Borrower Special Collections refuses denies request and informs the borrower by phone, fax, e-mail, Special Borrower pays Borrower pays or mail Collections Circulation by Special Collections denies phone or mail by mail

Special Collections e-mails or mails Special Collections Circulation notifies Circulation Special Collections Special Collections document and informs scans or Special Collections processes sends payment to reshelves item the borrower by phone, photocopies item of payment payment Circulation fax, e-mail, or mail

Figure 3: Current Process for Interlibrary Loan Requests for Select Special Collections Materials

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 9 the better equipment or supplies, the most time, and/or the appropriate staff. No matter which department Item identified ILL asks Special ILL receives physically scans or packages the item, as in Special Collections to request ILL is the department that handles Collections review request the request tracking, delivery, and payment. Even if the reproduction of the materials remains within the restricted collection’s purview, deliv- ILL is informed; ILL Special Collections cancels request and NO ery and compensation being handled sends cancelation notice decides to by the ILL department would repre- to borrower via ILLiad provide sent a delegation of responsibilities more in keeping with each depart- ment’s respective strengths. As can YES be seen from this example, collabo- ration between Interlibrary Loan and Restrictions and Special Collections does not require Borrower questions sent by ILL a single model to be followed by all and ILL/Special via ILLiad or Special Collections agree on Collections negotiates libraries – each institution may deter- terms with borrower mine which work-flow best meets its situation. Implementing ILL best prac- Three YES Process tices for special collection materials Options within the UNC system would rep- resent significant progress towards increased fidelity to our governing mission statements, which charge us to “an efficient use of available A B C resources to ensure the highest qual- Digital Projects, ILL obtains item to Special Collections copy center, etc. ity in its service to the citizens of the scan/copy or to scans/copies or scans/copies or 45 package for shipping packages item State”; such strategic alignment packages item might also apply to other libraries. Each institution can develop policies and procedures which maintain indi- Digital file, photocopy ILL updates ILLiad, vidual standards of stewardship. ILL or packaged item sent which notifies to ILL, or notification offices have worked hard for decades borrower is sent to ILL to streamline their work-flows, to advance the use of automated request management and payment systems (e.g. Atlas Systems’ ILLiad and OCLC’s IFM respectively), and If item was duplicated, original item returned to to scan for electronic delivery when- Special Collections ever possible. Special Collections’ staff are typically less accustomed to ILL delivers digital file by ILL processes Ariel, Odyssey, or e-mail; payment using ILLiad providing duplication services. ILL at photocopy is faxed or mailed; or receives payment the author’s library has the capacity packaged item is shipped after invoicing to scan materials with a low risk of damage to the items, to receive and Figure 4: Alternative Special Collections/Interlibrary Processes reply to requests electronically, to ful- fill requests with digital scans quickly,

10 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 and to receive automated payments in Sharing the Wealth. We also note collections materials have been made by IFM, through our database-driven that, from our perspective, Special available through the service. invoice system, or, from international Collections have typically focused To accomplish this mutually bene- libraries, with the receipt of IFLA on in-person resource consulta- ficial advancement, special collection vouchers46 that ILL can then reuse tion, with the occasional one-time and interlibrary loan employees need when it borrows materials from other use photocopy provided as time or to talk more with each other, to form international libraries. The idea of let- researchers’ budgets allow; whereas new work-flows, and to lobby soft- ting each area of the library focus on ILL and digital services have typically ware companies to create options the functions where it excels appeals had less in-depth consultations with for needed features to aid collabora- to these investigators: let ILL process patrons—they instead have primarily tion (e.g. additional limitation fields requests and payments and, when the focused on providing timely, high- on interlibrary loan requests, special nature and condition of the materials volume processing of requests. fee options, and the ability to send/ allow it, scan or loan restricted access receive loan agreement contracts auto- materials; such a division of labor Conclusion matically). Library administrators, would allow Special Collections’ However any institution might deter- campus leaders, university system personnel to focus on the process- mine what is the appropriate response leaders, legislators, professional ing, cataloging, and preservation of to the idea of providing interlibrary associations, and most importantly restricted access materials, as well as loan services for restricted access patrons and researchers need to to instruct patrons and to assist them materials, the critical point is to advocate and push for greater col- with their research. begin the discussion as soon as pos- laboration on the meta-level. While By advocating for Special sible among Interlibrary Loan and sometimes discomforting, difficult, Collection and ILL cooperation, we Special Collections personnel and and expensive to implement, such do not seek to minimize the very our patrons. While the University system-wide approaches are often the real concerns for material security of North Carolina system is not cur- most effective way to foster collabo- or for the difficulties in implement- rently leading the way in providing ration, enhance access, and improve ing an ILL or digitization service for access to special collection materials efficiency. Certainly this was the case special collection items. Martin said through interlibrary loan, our sur- in the author’s experience with the “[t]here has always been—and there veys did show that there was some recent UNC System Virtual Library will always be—an inherent tension interest in investigating expanding Catalog and Resource Sharing proj- between the preservation of library services in such a manner, and our ect, which attempted to create a shared materials and the use of those materi- review of the UNC system’s mis- virtual catalog, to provide a uniform als.”47 Shrauger and Dotson note that sion statements found that sharing ILL system for all member universi- ILL/DD Services and Digital Services knowledge and serving those outside ties, to provide an expedited delivery at the University of Central Florida the local institution were common service between the campuses, and had very different work methods themes. A fascinating recurrent topic to spur a collection review process and goals that had to be resolved for emerged from the literature: inter- to identify subject areas of empha- them to provide special collections institution loaning and copying of ses at each campus and to reduce items.48 We heartily agree that ILL materials has been discussed with duplicated materials throughout the operations tend to provide good- regard to refining, improving, and system (personal communications, enough copies quickly for one-time expanding services for 135 years.50 2008-2010). Such collaboration use, whereas digitization operations Discussions of this sort focusing on needs constant support, though. The most often strive to provide high- providing special collections by inter- referenced expedited courier service quality scans with complete metadata library loan have been occurring for was adopted throughout the UNC for long-term multi-patron access at least fifty years,51 even as interli- system while a two-year grant funded and preservation. Dupont provided brary loan has expanded its material it; as soon as the grant funding ended, some guidance in starting a service at offerings -- from lending only books, the majority of the libraries ceased the 2010 Western Roundup;49 more to photocopying articles, to lending shipping using the courier. Likewise, detailed advice can be found in most films and VHS tapes, to lending CDs the shared ILL system concept was of the articles previously cited, espe- and DVDs, and to faxing and scan- replaced by having the UNC system cially Ling’s, Shrauger’s, and those ning articles, relatively few special libraries not already using the ILLiad

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 11 interlibrary loan management system be gained from change. The most institutions, states, and consortia implement the stand-alone software effective possibilities for the UNC have found various methods to pro- rather than having all implement a system and beyond will be developed, vide special collection materials to single, networked system. These two refined, and sustained from all stake- others, in some cases for decades, so examples offer lessons for collabora- holders meeting together to continue models and results are available to tive initiatives -- radical change is not to improve the existing standards, consult. The goal should be to allow sustainable without a unified vision codes, and benchmarks that govern researchers easier, faster, cheaper, and implemented through concerted, providing special collection items fuller access to restricted access mate- long-term, system-wide effort that is through interlibrary loan and to craft rials. As we move further into a new backed by sufficient resources. new ones as needed; one significant century, we must continually strive The urge to be conservative, to step is the approval of new guide- to measure our progress not through protect rare or unique items, or to lines for interlibrary and exhibition competition, but by an increased avoid risk may overwhelm the abil- loan of special collection materials by ability to serve. Our patrons are wait- ity to discern the greater good to RBMS at ALA Annual 2011.52Some ing on us!

References ALA_print_layout_1_192700_192700.cfm> (accessed 1 Association of Research Libraries Working Group July 26, 2011). on Special Collections, “Special Collections in ARL 8 Bernard Halloran Dollen, “Inter-library loan policy and Libraries: A Discussion Report from the ARL Working special collections of the college and university libraries Group on Special Collections,” March 2009, (accessed July (1956): 1-13. 26, 2011). 9 Christian Dupont and Kristine Shrauger, “ILL for 2 Association of Research Libraries, Alice Prochaska, Archives and Special Collections: Enhancing Access to moderator. “Transformative Issues for Special Collections in Unique and Rare Materials,” presented at the 2010 ILLiad ARL Libraries, 2010,” July 7, 2009, Virginia Beach, VA, 2010. com/watch?v=fdS6-RKuNBY&feature=youtube_ (accessed July 26, 2011). liad-conference-dupont-ill-and-special-collections> 3 Samuel Green, “The Lending of Books to One Another (accessed July 26, 2011). by Libraries,” Library Journal 1:1 (1876): 15-16. 10 Alice Schreyer, ed., Rare Books and Manuscripts 4 Bunford Samuel, “Mutual Book Lending Between Librarianship 3, no. 2 (Fall 1988), 5 ALA RUSA STARS, “Interlibrary Loan Code for (accessed July 26, 2011). the United States Explanatory Supplement,” 2008, 11 Society of American Archivists, “Code of Ethics for (accessed July 26, 5, 2005), 2011); ALA RUSA STARS, 2008. “Interlibrary Loan (accessed July 26, 2011). Code for the United States.” Results of the 1998 Survey Sponsored by the ARL Research (accessed July 26, 2011). Collections Committee” (Association of Research Libraries 6 International Federation of Library Associations Research Collections Committee meeting, Washington and Institutes, “International Resource Sharing and D.C., 2001), (accessed July 26, 2011). Procedure,” n.d., (accessed July 26, 2011). and Research Libraries (ACRL), “Special Collections in 7 Association of College and Research Libraries, ARL Libraries: A Discussion Report from the ARL Working “ACRL Guidelines for the Interlibrary Loan of Group on Special Collections” (Washington, D.C.: Rare and Unique Materials (2004),” June 2004, Association of Research Libraries, 2009).

12 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 Services Futures. Navigating the New Frontier” (presented file481.html> (accessed July 26, 2011). at the North Carolina Library Association Resources 23 ChrisWright, “Library of Congress Document & Technical Services Section 2010 Fall Workshop Delivery Over the Internet” (powerpoint presented North Carolina Library Association, Greensboro, NC, at the RLG Member Forum, Washington D.C., September 30, 2010), NCLA%20presentation.ppt> (accessed July 26, 2011); (accessed July 26, 2011). Linda Raymond, “Technical Services Today: ‘Living 24 Glen Worthey, “Digital Delivery of Interlibrary with the New Normal’” (presented at the North Carolina Loan: building the collections we share, sharing the Library Association Resources & Technical Services collections we build” (powerpoint presented at the Section 2010 Fall Workshop North Carolina Library RLG Member Forum, Washington D.C., October Association, Greensboro, NC, September 30, 2010). 18, 2002), the Fore,” Libraries and the Academy 9, no. 2 (2009): (accessed July 26, 2011). 177-180. 25 Robert Martin, “Keynote Address” (speech presented 16 Ted Ling, “Why the Archives Introduced Digitisation at the RLG Members Forum, Washington D.C., on Demand,” RLG DigiNews 6, no. 3 (June October18, 2002), OCC/2007/08/08/0000070519/viewer/file2881.html> (accessed July 26, 2011). (accessed July 26, 2011). 26 Günter Mühlberger, “Digitising instead of mailing 17 Ibid. or shipping: a new approach to interlibrary loan 18 Research Library Group. RLG Programs, through customer-related digitisation of monographs,” “2002 RLG Members Forum: Sharing the Interlending & Document Supply 30, no. 2 (2002): 66-72. Wealth,” n.d., Special Collections: A Test Run for the University of (accessed July 26, 2011). California,” Journal of Access Services 2, no. 2 (2004): 23. 19 H. Thomas Hickerson, “Expanding Access to Special 28 Rethinking Resource Sharing Initiative. “Rethinking Collections: National and International Cooperation” Resource Sharing”, 2009, (accessed July 26, Washington D.C., October 18, 2002), (accessed July 26, 2011). Collections in the Digital Age, A Bimonthly Report 20 Deborah Kempe, “Sharing Unique and Rare Materials at from ARL, CNI, and SPARC, Research Library Issues, the Frick Art Reference Library” (powerpoint presented December 2009, (accessed July 26, 2011). Washington D.C., October 18, 2002), (accessed July 26, 2011). Special Collections,” June 5, 2009, (accessed July 26, 2011). (powerpoint presented at the RLG Members Forum: 31 Kristine J. Shrauger and Lee Dotson, “Scan by Sharing the Wealth, Washington D.C., October Numbers: Interlibrary Loan Lending Statistics Shape 18, 202AD), Delivery & Electronic Reserve 20, no. 3 (July 2010): 136, (accessed July 26, 2011). 135-148, (accessed July 26, 2011). Project for Sharing Special Collections” (powerpoint 32 Dupont, Christian and Kristine Shrauger. “ILL for presented at the RLG Members Forum, Washington Archives and Special Collections: Enhancing Access to D.C., October 18, 2002),

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 13 Support for the Research Process: An Academic (accessed July 26, 2011). Library Manifesto. Report produced by OCLC 33 Christian Dupont and Denise Forro, “Borrowing and Research. (accessed July 26, 2011). Practices, New Horizons” (Conference Session presented 44 Ibid. at the 2011 ILLiad International Conference, Virginia 45 University of North Carolina, “Statement of Mission,” Beach, VA, March 24, 2011), (accessed July 26, 2011). SpecialCollections.pdf> (accessed July 26, 2011). 46 International Federation of Library Associations and 34 Association of College and Research Libraries Rare Book Institutes, “IFLA Voucher Scheme”, 2009, (accessed July Guidelines for borrowing and lending special collections 26, 2011). materials for research use and exhibition. 2011” (RBMS 47 Robert Martin. “Keynote Address” (presented at Task Force for the Guidelines for Borrowing and Lending the RLG Members Forum, Washington D.C., Special Collections Materials, April 1, 2011), Borrowing-Lending_Draft_4-1-11.pdf> (accessed July (accessed July 26, 2011). 26, 2011). 48 Kristine J. Shrauger and Lee Dotson, “Scan by 35 Association of College and Research Libraries, Rare Numbers: Interlibrary Loan Lending Statistics Shape Book and Manuscripts Section of American Library Digital Initiative,” Journal of Interlibrary Loan,Document Association, “ACRL/RBMS Guidelines for Borrowing Delivery & Electronic Reserve 20, no. 3 (July 2010): 135- and Lending Special Collections Materials,” June 148, (accessed July 26, 2011). borrowing/RBMS_Borrowing-Lending_Draft%20 49 Christian Dupont. “‘Enhancing Access to Archives and SAC_approved.pdf> (accessed August 15, 2011). Special Collections through Inter-Library Loan” (session 36 University of North Carolina, “Our 17 Institutions,” presented at the Western Roundup: A Joint Conference About the University, n.d., (accessed July 26, Northwest Archivists, Society of California Archivists, 2011). and Society of Rocky Mountain Archivists, Seattle, WA, 37 University of North Carolina, “Statement of Mission,” 2010), (accessed July 26, 2011). interlibrary-loan> (accessed July 26, 2011). 38 Ibid. 50 Samuel Green. “The Lending of Books to One Another 39 Carol Grotnes Belk Library and Information Commons by Libraries,” Library Journal 1:1 (1876): 15-16; Bunford Appalachian State University Library, “Appalachian State Samuel, “Mutual Book Lending Between Libraries,” University Library Mission and Vision,” Appalachian Library Journal 18: 9 (1892): 373-374. State University Library Mission and Vision, October 51 Bernard Halloran, “Inter-library loan policy and special 2007, (accessed July 26, 2011). state of New York,” The Bookmark 15, no. 6 (1956): 40 Fayetteville State University, “Fayetteville State 1-13. University Mission Statement and Vision Statement,” 52 Association of College and Research Libraries, Rare Mission Statement - Fayetteville State University, n.d., Book and Manuscripts Section of American Library (accessed July Association, “ACRL/RBMS Guidelines for Borrowing 26, 2011). and Lending Special Collections Materials,” June 41 University of North Carolina, “Our 17 Institutions,” 26, 2011, (accessed July 26, SAC_approved.pdf> (accessed August 15, 2011). 2011). 42 Authors, 2010.

14 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 Melissa Rich | The University of North Carolina at Greensboro “And Next Month We Will Be Reading…”: Book Clubs and Book Discussions in North Carolina

The results of this study are important to librarians contemplating starting some form of a book discussion or club.

ibraries serve as a vehicle to The author was intrigued by the reading books, book clubs and liter- encourage literacy and read- different formats of book clubs and ary societies appear to be flourishing. ing within a community. They book discussions and decided to By the end of 1996, 127 literary soci- fulfillL this role in a variety of manners explore these three different formats: eties existed in the world devoted to from summer reading programs to the traditional book club, the online various male and female authors.1 simply providing a community read- book club, and the community- And this excludes the many book ing materials. Since American society wide book discussion and how each clubs located in the U.S. In his piece places a great deal of importance on encourages reading and discussion “Keeping the Camp Fires Burning: literacy among teenagers and young among adults. The study specifi- The Library Book Discussion is Alive adults, programs encouraging adults cally seeks to determine the benefits and Well” Gary Warren Niebuhr to read are less visible. However and difficulties of each book club/ asserts that despite all the media and many libraries have developed pro- discussion format, how the discus- technology available to patrons the grams to encourage adults to read. sion is conducted, how selections are “traditional book discussion lives.”2 The Jamestown Library in Guilford chosen, and how each format works He supports this claim through the County, NC developed a summer to encourage reading. Additionally, I crime fiction book discussion at his reading program to encourage both will examine the feedback from users library that has thrived for 15 years parents and children to read the same of these different book clubs and sug- and attracts approximately 20-25 book. gested improvements. people each month.3 Others echo the Besides summer reading programs, The results of this study are same sentiments and point to the cre- libraries offer book clubs to encourage important to librarians contemplat- ation of new book discussion groups patrons to continue to read through- ing starting some form of a book to support their sentiments.4 out the year. Each month a different discussion or club. They give the To aid librarians with creating book is read and members meet to librarian an idea of each format, the new book discussion groups Susan discuss the book. Many libraries host benefits and difficulties associated Henricks provides some guidance in a book club; some even host multiple with each, and the level of discus- her article “The Ins and Outs, Ups and book clubs. However, upon moving sion involved with each format. The Downs of Starting a Book Discussion to Greensboro, it became clear to the results will help librarians choose the Group.”5 Henricks responds to four author that not all book discussions format of book discussion best suited questions dealing with establish- follow the typical book club for- for their objectives and goals. With ing a book club: where do I begin, mat. Through the public libraries in the appropriate book discussion in what type of books should I select for Greensboro, the author learned about place, librarians will be better able to the group, how do I lead the group, a community-wide book discussion encourage patron participation, both and how do I handle the problem known as One City One Book. After reading and discussing. member? She provides advice and learning of this new type of book dis- suggestions to all these questions cussion, the author explored other Background on Book Clubs from simply knowing the audience to local libraries and discovered the exis- Despite the perception that suggesting web sites to helping lead- tence of online book clubs. Americans are no longer interested in ers create questions for discussion.

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 15 Book groups continue to grow throughout the U.S. The Center for allows users to create profiles and in popularity and provide people the Book at the Library of Congress groups as well as post schedules and a means to come together and talk provides a web page where brows- events. (11-12) about their reading.6 However over ers can locate a One Book program time they can run into problems near them. The creator of this pro- ranging from mild (a book selection gram, Nancy Pearl, “feels One Book Types of Book falls flat) to disastrous (confronta- programs are naturally malleable, tions that could lead to the group easily bending to fit any commu- Clubs disbanding). (122) In 2008 the nity’s needs or resources.” (20) The Readers’ Advisory Committee con- malleability of the program as well Traditional Book Club ducted a survey of book group as the ability to create a dialog and The traditional book club is the stan- members across the country and connect in meaningful ways has also dard and most recognizable form; it based upon the responses developed contributed to the popularity of this consists of a group of people meet- a list of five problems book clubs program. Picking the right book and ing in person on a monthly basis and encounter: discussion of the book, establishing partnerships are key to engaging in a book discussion. The rules, monopolization of the discus- establishing a successful program. book chosen for discussion varies sion (or not), new members, and Partnerships enable a library not only month to month. These book clubs book selection. (123-125) Many of to spread the word about the pro- may vary by genre (a mystery book the problems reported in the survey gram but also to utilize their partner’s club vs. a nonfiction book club), deal mostly with group dynamics, i.e. resources, such as partnering with an authorship (Jane Austen book club, someone dominating the discussion. art gallery that shows works inspired Mark Twain Society), or character Others deal with marketing (getting by the selection during the program.8 (Sherlock Holmes) but all encourage new members) and selection. Barry The right book “‘..should be discuss- their members to read and participate Trott suggests that members discuss able…compulsively discussable,’ says in the ensuing book discussion. their problems and concerns with the Pearl. ‘Whether you like the book is The author interviewed a library group including selection concerns. of lesser importance than the discus- manager at a small rural public library (123-124) Communication can usu- sion it can generate.’”9 To encourage about traditional book clubs in the ally lead to a solution. (123-124) participation, the One Book program library. A book club was already in Though much of the discussion offers a wide variety of events from place when the librarian began work- has focused upon traditional book book discussions to theatrical per- ing at the library. In the beginning clubs in the late 1990s, a new for- formances that stimulate community the library was probably very involved mat for book discussion emerged. interest.10 in the creation and maintenance of In 1998 Nancy Pearl and Chris Book clubs and book discussions the book club; however, today the Higashi decided to expand “the have even gone digital. “Social net- members of the book club are very book club concept to encompass the working with current web 2.0 reading proactive and help coordinate meet- entire city, launching a book discus- applications has taken reading and ings and discussions. sion that incorporated all branches, sharing literature to the masses, cata- The selection process, according to bookstores, and even cultural orga- lyzing conversations and perspectives the library manager, is more demo- nizations.”7 Their creation, known from eager readers who want to share cratic. When choosing the selections as Seattle Reads, placed the library their thoughts to a broader world.”11 for the year, members of the book “smack dab in the center of the com- Facebook is a logical choice for an club bring two or three books to munities.” (19) This concept was online book club. (11) It allows par- offer up as potential selections. The copied in other communities and ticipants to post their comments and library may offer suggestions; how- eventually fell under the “One Book” discuss via wall postings. Another ever, it is ultimately the members of label, or One Book One Community. social network site, GoodReads, also the book club who choose the selec- (19) allows participants to share what they tions. Though the book club may The phenomenon of Oneare reading or have read and to write decide upon its selections logistics Book One Community has spread reviews of books they read. It also does play a factor. Bestsellers tend

16 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 to be discouraged because the library the handouts. Next, we turned our behind One City One Book is that and some members may not be able attention to the attached questions “the community will be a better to afford them. and the discussion began in earnest. place if thousands of us spend some The author questioned the librar- The facilitator began the discus- time talking with each other about a ian about some of the benefits and sion by reading one of the questions book…”13 and that there is “…great difficulties of the traditional book and putting it to the group for dis- value in having a city wide dialog club and she responded that the ben- cussion. This duty was shared with about these topics.”14 efits are also the difficulties. One other members of the group. After The primary aim of One City One benefit of the traditional book club finishing the questions, the book club Book is to foster a community-wide she cited is the social aspect. Book members commented on the title and dialog about issues facing Greensboro. clubs are very social and involve peo- poetry used to preface the book. The It works to achieve this aim through ple getting together to discuss a book. discussion concluded with everyone book discussions as well as other After a few meetings participants sharing opinions about the book. community activities from film series make new friends. However a diffi- The members of this book club to related theater performances. The cult member can completely destroy had a good rapport with each other selection, “The Soloist: A Lost Dream, the social aspect of the book club. and this helped to encourage discus- An Unlikely Friendship, and the The selection is also both a benefit and sion. No one was shy of sharing her Redemptive Power of Music”, raised a difficulty for a book club. A good opinion. The format primarily con- issues about homelessness and mental selection provides a challenging read sists of a member posing a question to illness. The One City One Book pro- and encourages discussion; however, the group and the group responding. gram typically lasts from two to three too many challenging books (such as Overall the discussion stayed primar- months and occurs every two years. books discussing the Holocaust) can ily on topic. A library liaison was not A wide variety of organizations part- become wearing upon members while present during the book club suggest- nered with the Greensboro Public “fluffy” books provide no discussion. ing the group is fairly autonomous. Library and its Friends of the Library, The author inquired about the The members were very friendly and including the National Alliance for library manager’s opinion of the pro- welcoming. Mental Illness and Partners Ending gram and she replied that she enjoys Homelessness. the traditional book club. She feels it One City One Book To investigate the community- fosters personal discussions between In 2002, Greensboro adopted the wide read and book discussion, people and this dialog was good. The community-wide read known as the author spoke with a librarian feedback she has received is over- One City One Book. The format of from the Greensboro Public Library all positive; the only complaints are One City One Book, as well as other about One City One Book. When logistics and when members do not community-wide reads, is similar in asked about why the Greensboro like the book. The librarian also format to the traditional book club Public Library chose this format, she expressed a wish to redefine the image except on a larger scale. Members of responded that this was a community of the book club and wanted to see a community read the selected book, based program and served as a way to book clubs across all ages. then meet at arranged times to dis- connect diverse readers and introduce When the author attended a cuss the book in person. Unlike the new readers to book clubs. She cites meeting of a traditional book club, traditional book club, One City One connecting diverse readers and intro- the meeting began with a round Book extends across the entire com- ducing new readers to book clubs of introductions (since I was new). munity and includes other cultural as a benefit of the One Book One Afterwards, one of the members activities related to themes within the Community format. The challenges acting as the facilitator distributed book. arising from this format come from handouts for the members of the The Greensboro One City One people who have read the selection group. She compiled some back- Book is “a simple idea designed to and do not wish to re-read it and the ground information about this bring people together to discuss lit- difficulty of getting some people to month’s book selection. We read erature and, more importantly, issues read outside their comfort zone (i.e. through the handouts and discussed that affect us all.”12 The rationale reading about difficult issues, etc.).

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 17 The selection process for One City by the book, namely homelessness more of a service than a book club. One Book begins with the public and and mental illness. Participants fre- According to the library director, the library staff making nominations for quently used personal experiences to book club is run exclusively through the selection. The library staff then illustrate their points and contribute the company and they handle all the narrows the list to approximately to the discussion. The facilitators technical issues and problems, thus 30-40 books and a community participated in the discussion as well, taking the responsibility of manag- committee then chooses the book. and only moved onto the next ques- ing and directing a book club off the Afterwards the book is referred to a tion when the discussion ended. The librarian’s shoulders. The service is focus group based upon the major rapport among the participants of very library-centric and also offers themes of the book to ensure the book this discussion was good. other features that the library may is not offensive. For the selection, adapt for their purposes; for instance “The Soloist”, homeless and mental Online Book Club it offers free apps for the library’s use health advocates and clients served The online book club used in this and enables the library to link back to on the focus group. As mentioned study is the club run through dear- their catalog in the dearreader e-mails. earlier there are many collaborators in reader.com. This service is offered The only difficulty she sees with the One City One Book and, according through a North Carolina Public dearreader service is that their DVD to the librarian, they help to plan edu- Library. Dearreader.com is a business collection is not as extensive and users cational programs, lead discussions, run by the author Suzanne Beecher as must search with the International and promote the project. Overall she a way to get people back into read- Standard Book Number (ISBN). feels the program is a success and sees ing books.15 It initially began with This poses difficulties because users increased publicity, particularly with Beecher e-mailing a few pages of a are not familiar with ISBNs. non-typical library users, as a poten- book to her busy staff over the course Overall, she is very satisfied with tial improvement. of 5 days and managing to hook a few the service. The library has been The author attended the One City people.16 Beecher maintains this is a using this online book club for One Book discussion at one of the good way to encourage busy people approximately four years and thus far branches of the Greensboro Public to start reading and their service the feedback from patrons has been Library. Two facilitators were in has grown to over 350,000 library positive. The service allows patrons attendance and the discussion began patrons.17 to “test drive” the books and give promptly at the scheduled time. The format of the online book feedback, which is forwarded to the Everyone attending the discussion was club from dearreader.com is similar library. Based upon the feedback the given a name tag and introduced him- to Beecher’s trial run with her staff. librarian can choose to include the self or herself before beginning. One Users receive a few pages of a book in book in the collection. of the facilitators read a disclaimer an e-mail and over the course of five A forum is used to facilitate com- prior to the discussion basically stat- days will receive two or three chapters ments and discussion of the books ing that the aim of the program was of the book. This allows patrons to in the online book club through the not to make people uncomfortable or “test drive” each book.18 The dear- dearreader service. However, since cause heated discussions. Afterwards reader.com site offers 12 different participants received only two or one of the facilitators read a question book clubs ranging from nonfiction three chapters of the book, the dis- from a list provided by One City One to romance. The site allows partici- cussion was limited. No questions Book and members responded to the pants to post their views about each were posed to participants and the question. The discussion continued book in an online forum; a line to the forum served primarily as a means in this manner for an hour before the forum is included in each e-mail.19 for the readers to post comments and discussion was wrapped up. For questions related to the online opinions about the week’s book. The format of the One City One book club, the author spoke to a Book discussion is similar to that of director using the dearreader ser- Recommendations the traditional book club. However, vice. The author inquired about why Though the format of each book club the focus of the discussion in One the library chose this format for a is different, all encourage adults to City One Book was the issues raised book club and she replied that it was read. Perhaps the most effective to

18 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 encourage non-readers to read is the Some, like the online book club, have own strengths that lend itself well to online book club. It provides a teaser no public participation in the selec- reading and discussion. Some serve that hooks the user into the book so tion process while others like One as a more appropriate vehicle for par- when the five days are over they want City One Book involves limited pub- ticular goals than others (i.e. One to read the book. In fact many of the lic input. The traditional book club Book One Community and discus- comments in the discussion forum has a truly democratic selection pro- sion of issues facing the community). were users saying they were checking cess but only amongst its members. All require work to organize and to see if their library has the book or The benefits of each format tie market; however, once established deciding to purchase the book. In a directly into its purpose. The online they can become relatively autono- sense the dearreader.com online book book club coaxes busy adults into mous. If successful, the benefits can club achieves its goal to get people reading by providing essentially a be enormous. back into reading. “teaser” to hook readers into a book The traditional book club and and encourage them to read. The tra- Conclusion the One Book One Community ditional book club provides a social Libraries use book clubs and book both encourage reading and discus- experience for its members by allow- discussions to encourage users to sion though in different formats. ing them to meet, discuss the selected read and discuss what they have read. The traditional book club encour- book, and over time get to know each Though the traditional form of the ages members to read different books other. The selections challenge the book club remains popular other they would not normally read. Many members and foster a lively discus- formats have emerged to further members of the traditional book club sion. One Book One Community encourage reading and discussion. the author attended commented that provides an excellent vehicle to estab- Though each format shares some the book club selections forced them lish a dialog in the community to common threads, key differences to read things outside their comfort discuss issues as illustrated in One exist between each that makes it bet- zone. Sometimes, after the discus- City One Book. Aside from foster- ter suited for a particular purpose. sion, they appreciated the book more ing a community-wide discussion, Book selections are crucial to help than when they read it. Discussions the One Book One Community foster a meaningful dialog amongst focus primarily upon the book and format may even work to draw new participants. The book clubs and members are able to share their opin- members, perhaps encouraging them book discussions can be a means to ions with the group. to join established book clubs. encourage people to consider and The One Book One Community Each format has its own difficulties discuss issues both in the community format allows for greater discussion that need to be overcome. Many of and those raised by the book. Each with, in some instances, less focus these issues are related to marketing format has its own strengths and is upon the book. During the One and recruiting new members. Once best suited for a particular form of City One Book, the discussion fre- recruited, book clubs, particularly discussion. When choosing to create quently veered away from the book traditional book clubs, need to work a book club or book discussion group and became more of a discussion to try and retain members through the library must first define what it about mental illness and homeless- challenging and appropriate selec- wishes to accomplish and then choose ness. The program achieved its aim tions. As emphasized by Trott, book the format best suited to accomplish to start a dialog among members of clubs are not one size fits all; if a per- these goals. Once the format is suc- the community about issues within son does not feel comfortable or does cessfully implemented the benefits to and facing the community. When not fit into the group dynamic he or both the library and the community executed properly it can be a great she should find a more appropriate can be immense. means to discuss issues. book club. In the end this approach The selection process is crucial will make all parties happy. References to the discussion. A good selection When a library decides to organize 1 Bell, Hazel, “The World’s Literary can encourage a discussion while a a book club or a book discussion, it Societies: Torchbearers for Famous bad one can bring it to a halt. Each needs to keep in mind what they wish (and not so Famous) Authors,” Logos format has its own selection process. to accomplish. Each format has its 8, no.

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 19 2 Niebuhr, Gary Warren, “Keeping 10 Ibid 122-5. Library Lit & Inf Full Text, the Camp Fires Burning: The Library 11 D’Andrea, Debra, “Reading 2.0: WilsonWeb (accessed October 6, Book Discussion is Alive and Well,” From Solitary to Social,” The School 2010). Public Libraries 46, no. 2 (2007): Librarian’s Workshop 31, no. 1 Stein, Mary Hulbert. “Working 20, Library Lit & Inf Full Text, (2010): 11, Library Lit & Inf Full Together with Community Groups WilsonWeb (accessed October 6, Text, WilsonWeb (accessed October to Provide Big-Time Programming 2010). 6, 2010). for Adults: The Big Read: One 3 Niebuhr, Gary Warren, “Keeping 12 “One City, One Book.” Greensboro Book/One Community and Other the Camp Fires Burning: The Library Public Library, accessed October Opportunities for Your Public, Book Discussion is Alive and Well,” 23, 2010, http://www.greensboro- Academic, School or Even Special 20. nc.gov/departments/Library/ Library.” Louisiana Libraries 72, no. 1 4 Hustedde, Heddy N. R., “The One+Book/ (2009): 13-19. Library Lit & Inf Full Library Book Discussion will not 13 “One City, One Book.” Text, WilsonWeb (accessed October Lay Down and Die,” Public Libraries 14 Ibid 6, 2010). 46, no. 2 (2007): 20, Library Lit & 15 “Online Book Clubs,” Dear Reader, Henricks, Susan. “The Ins and Outs, Inf Full Text, WilsonWeb (accessed accessed October 23, 2010, http:// Ups and Downs of Starting a Book October 6, 2010). www.supportlibrary.com/nl/users/ Discussion Group.” The Unabashed 5 Henricks, Susan, “The Ins and Outs, templates2/mweb/path5-2.html Librarian no. 116 (2000): 25-28. Ups and Downs of Starting a Book 16 Ibid Niebuhr, Gary Warren. “Keeping Discussion Group,” The Unabashed 17 Ibid the Camp Fires Burning: The Library Librarian 46, no. 2 (2000): 25-28. 18 Ibid Book Discussion is Alive and Well.” 6 Trott, Barry, “Book Group Therapy: 19 Ibid Public Libraries 46, no. 2 (2007): A Survey Reveals Some Truths about 19-26. Library Lit & Inf Full Text, Why Some Book Groups Work WilsonWeb (accessed October 6, and Others May Need Some Time Bibliography 2010). on the Couch,” Reference & User D’Andrea, Debra. “Reading 2.0: Hustedde, Hedy N.R. “The Library Services Quarterly 49, no. 2 (2009): From Solitary to Social.” The School Book Discussion will not Lay Down 122, Library Lit & Inf Full Text, Librarian’s Workshop 31, no. 1 (2010): and Die.” Public Libraries 46, no. 2 WilsonWeb (accessed October 6, 11-12. Library Lit & Inf Full Text, (2007): 19-26. Library Lit & Inf Full 2010) WilsonWeb (accessed October 6, Text, WilsonWeb (accessed October 7 Dempsey, Beth, “One Great 2010). 6, 2010). Idea,” Library Journal 134, no. 14 Dempsey, Beth. “One Great “One City, One Book,” Greensboro (September 2009): 19, Library Lit & Idea.” Library Journal 134, no. 14 Public Library, accessed October Inf Full Text, WilsonWeb (accessed (September 2009): 19-22. Library Lit 23, 2010, http://www.greensboro- October 6, 2010). & Inf Full Text, WilsonWeb (accessed nc.gov/departments/Library/ 8 Stein, Mary Hulbert, “Working October 6, 2010). One+Book/ Together with Community Groups Bell, Hazel K. “The world’s literary “Online Book Clubs,” Dear Reader, to Provide Big-Time Programming societies: torchbearers for famous (and accessed October 23, 2010, http:// for Adults: The Big Read: One not so famous) authors.” Logos 8, no. www.supportlibrary.com/nl/users/ Book/One Community and Other 2 (1997): 70-4. Library Lit & Inf Full templates2/mweb/path5-2.html Opportunities for Your Public, Text, WilsonWeb (accessed October Academic, School or Even Special 6, 2010). Library,” Louisiana Libraries 72, no. Trott, Barry. “Book Group Therapy: 1 (2009): 15. Library Lit & Inf Full A Survey Reveals Some Truths about Text, WilsonWeb (accessed October Why Some Book Groups Work and 6, 2010). Others May Need Some Time on 9 Dempsey, Beth, “One Great Idea,” the Couch.” Reference & User Services 21. Quarterly 49, no. 2 (Winter 2009):

20 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 David Robert Miller | Kinston-Lenoir County Public Library The Kinston-Lenoir County Public Library: A Brief History

he Kinston-Lenoir County General Assembly passed a bill to quickly grew to 80 male and female Public Library, headquarters abolish Dobbs County and replace members.9 Pressed to find a space to of the Neuse Regional Library it with two new counties: Lenoir house the club’s books, local dentist System,T has been a vital part of the and Greene. One of the new coun- T.H. Faulkner graciously donated a Kinston, North Carolina community ties, Lenoir, was named in honor room at his dental practice, making for over 110 years. Within this time of Colonel William Lenoir, “a dis- him the library’s first librarian.10 span, the library has moved several tinguished Revolutionary soldier of By July of 1897, the Up-To-Date times as a way to accommodate the Wilkes County.”5 In 1826, Kinston Club’s membership began to dissipate. rise in population and its growing was finally incorporated.6 With not enough members to keep collection. Its history is evidence that Kinston began to witness an the club running as they intended, the Kinston-Lenoir County Public increase in residents. From 1850 to a meeting was called to decide the Library’s community values the ser- 1860, Kinston’s population increased fate of the club’s books. However, vices, materials, and mission of the from 455 to 1,333. From 1860 to the only members to show up at the library. 1890, Kinston’s population grew to meeting were the club’s officers, and 1,762. By the turn of the century, it was here that the Up-To-Date Club Kinston’s Beginnings 4,106 citizens called Kinston home.7 officially changed their name to the In 1584, Captain Arthur Barlowe Kinston Library.11 Along with the and Captain Philip Amadas encoun- name change, a decision to open the tered and communicated with Native Along with the name library up to the public was made and Americans when they explored the change, a decision to open membership tickets were issued at a inlands off the coast of eastern North fee of $1.00 per year. This transition Carolina. They soon learned of a land the library up to the public proved successful and on February called Neusiok, located conveniently was made and membership 29, 1899, 40 individuals made up of upon the banks of the Neuse River.1 former members of the Up-To-Date It was here that the city of Kinston tickets were issued at a fee Club and present library subscribers would emerge. “were invited to become incorpora- Kinston was established in of $1.00 per year. tors of the Kinston Library”, making December of “1762 as Kingston (in it one of 57 public libraries in North honor of King George III).”2 Two The Library’s Early Days Carolina at the time.12 years later, Richard Caswell and As the population continued to Abraham Sheppard approached the increase, so did the desire to begin Saving Grace General Assembly to recommend a literary club. In January of 1896, To accommodate Kinston-Lenoir that Kingston be named the county Mrs. W.C. Fields began exploring the County Public Library’s growing seat because of its convenient loca- requirements of establishing a literary collection, new space was rented tion.3 This plea was unsuccessful. It club, and as word began to circu- above the Bank of Kinston located was not until 1779 that a proposal late, Fields, along with Mrs. H.E.A. in the Hunter building on Queen to divide Kingston’s current county, Peebles, Mrs. W.M. Payne, and Mrs. Street.13 At this point, “the library Dobbs, made way for it to become H.O. Hyatt, formed the Up-To-Date had grown to more than a thousand the county seat. In 1784, the General Club on February 4, 1896 “with the volumes with an estimated value of Assembly decided to change the name intention to stimulate a careful con- $2,000.”14 This required the library of Kingston to Kinston “because the sideration of up-to-date topics.”8 to hire its first paid librarian, Dora people no longer wanted their town Mrs. S.M. Harding was named the Miller, to maintain the collection. named for a king.”4 By 1791, the club’s first president and the group Despite the move to a larger, more

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 21 accommodating space and the goal of month and the library was made a Public Library and neighboring serving more subscribers, the library free county library on July 1, 1933.”18 Greene County Library, which was began to experience financial woes The library’s new status and finan- founded in July 1934 by the Mother’s as the subscription dues were insuf- cial situation rejuvenated the public’s Club of Snow Hill, created ties.24 ficient to pay for the $10.00 per interest, and soon the library’s 7,000 In an effort to serve an even larger month salary of the librarian, $100 volumes located in the Hines build- population, the library expanded to per year for rent, as well as supplies ing forced a relocation to the Peeble’s Jones County. The Maysville branch that included “paper and pencils, 53 house, an eighteenth century house opened for service in a single room cents; ink, 10 cents; glue, 25 cents, owned by the Kinston Women’s in the town’s community center, a 94 cents for “freight and drayage of Club that later changed its name to small space next to a barbershop books”; eight cents for “floor oil”, Harmony Hall in the mid-1960s.19 became the home of the Pollocksville and $2.50 for five new books.”15 With the library flourishing in branch, and the Trenton branch took To assist the library in keeping its new location, a bookmobile was occupancy in a rented space in a local their doors open, the City Board of added to its list of services thanks to warehouse.25 It was here, in 1962, Alderman, from the advice of Judge a North Carolina Library Association that the Neuse Regional Library G.V. Cowper, decided to “subsidize grant in 1937. With segregation System was formed and the Kinston- the library with the sum of $12.50 per an ongoing issue in the South, the Lenoir County Public Library was month.”16 With the library back on Kinston-Lenoir County Public named its Headquarters. Forming a track, their subscribers and collection Library established a three-room regional library system was extremely continued to grow, and by September space on North Independent Street beneficial to the patrons in the 1916, the library moved once again for African Americans on July 3, library’s three-county service area, as to a larger space across the street in a 1938.20 this enabled over 150,000 volumes building owned by R.C. Blow, which From 1940 to 1950, Kinston to circulate between them by 1976.26 was later purchased by W.T. Hines. experienced a population increase of Bookmobiles were also a service the This move, however, would not pre- 2,948 people, raising their total pop- library was proud to offer, as they vent the library from the possibility ulation to 18,336, an exceptional feat often listed in The Kinston Free Press of closing its doors from lack of inter- for an eastern North Carolina town at when and where it would be making est yet again. In 1926, a meeting was the time.21 The number of volumes its rounds.27 held to discuss dissolving the library the library maintained had increased Jones County added a branch in and the possibility of turning its to 19,409 in 1952, which forced the the town of Comfort in 1976. By books over to the local school system. library to begin searching for yet 1980, Kinston reached a population To the surprise of many, the people of another location that could contain of over 25,000, causing the library Kinston came to the library’s aid and their growing collection. While they to consider relocating once again. with promised continual support, the settled at 515 North Queen Street The proposed destination at 310 library was not only saved, but the that October, this move was to be North Queen Street was met with space it was currently residing in was short-lived. In 1955, a bond issue resistance. Commissioner Isabelle offered rent free by W.T. Hines.17 “for $100,000 for the construction Fletcher, among others, questioned of a new library was defeated, fail- the wisdom in choosing this site and A Free County Library ing by 78 votes.”22 However, the expressed concerns about its inad- By 1932, the library had reached resilience of library supporters paid equate space. Library Director John 98 subscribers, but with the Great off, as the library moved to the Old Jones addressed these concerns and Depression affecting the economic Sitterson House on Atlantic Avenue explained that the library “will have situation for the majority of the due to a joint action by the Lenoir enough space for a 30 percent expan- United States for the worse, the County Board of Commissioners and sion of the facility if necessary.”28 library was once again in finan- the Kinston Aldermen. The library With enough assurance, the Kinston cial trouble. After numerous failed opened its new doors to the public on City Council and the Lenoir County attempts at asking the County Board July 25, 1957.23 Commissioners agreed to help fund of Commissioners to assume some the library’s new 20,000 square foot, of its financial responsibilities, the Creating Ties $1,120,000 project, and it opened to County finally “agreed to pay $20 per In 1959, the Kinston-Lenoir Count the public in 1983.29

22 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 As the Kinston-Lenoir County ...in an effort to offer their patrons the latest in Public Library began serving the community in their new and much technology, the Kinston-Lenoir County Public Library larger facility, negotiations were tak- became one of the first public libraries in eastern ing place to add additional Lenoir County branches to the Neuse North Carolina to begin circulation of E-Readers. Regional Library System. In July 1984, the town of Pink Hill estab- community, many projects have been they banded together and made their lished a branch library when a quaint undertaken by over fifty full-time and voices heard, ensuring that not only building and lot were donated in part-time staff. The library offers 39 themselves, but also future genera- memory of resident Etta Jones computers for adult use and 16 com- tions would have a public library to Turner.30 In addition, the town of puters for child use, which allows call their own. LaGrange opened a branch library on them to search the Internet and the May 2, 1991 in a remodeled 15,000 multiple databases that are offered. References square foot building located on East Also available is the new TLC 1 William S. Powell, Annals of Progress: Washington Street.31 LS2 Online Public Access Catalog The Story of Lenoir County and (OPAC) that allows patrons to search Kinston, North Carolina (Raleigh: Expanding Minds, the entire Neuse Regional Library State Department of Archives and Building Dreams System for materials. The library History, 1963), 6. With eight entities now making up also received a $100,000 Golden 2 William S. Powell, ed., Encyclopedia the Neuse Regional Library System, Leaf grant in 2010 to combat adult of North Carolina (Chapel Hill: The citizens from Lenoir, Greene, and illiteracy in Lenoir County by acquir- University of North Carolina Press, Jones counties were ensured access ing a variety of literacy materials and 2006), 669. to information. However, this did matching students with qualified 3 Talmage C. Johnson and Charles R. not stop the Kinston-Lenoir County instructors.34 Furthermore, in an Holloman, The Story of Kinston and Public Library from expanding to effort to offer their patrons the lat- Lenoir County (Raleigh: Edwards & ensure their Queen Street space est in technology, the Kinston-Lenoir Broughton Company, 1954), 27- would hold their growing collection County Public Library became one 28. and materials and ensure adequate of the first public libraries in eastern 4 Ibid., 30. space for patrons. A renovation proj- North Carolina to begin circulation 5 Ibid., 78. ect, which was approved in 2004, of E-Readers. 6 Powell, Annals of Progress: The Story led the way to a $3,600,000 renova- Programming is another service of Lenoir County and Kinston, North tion project, of which $2,600,000 the library is well known for in their Carolina, 38. came from a bond referendum, and community, as the programs they 7 Ibid., 5. the additional $1,000,000 coming offer reflect the diversity of the patrons 8 Mike Kohler, 200 Years of Progress: from federal grants and private dona- they serve. Programs include chil- A Report of the History and tions.32 The library kept its doors dren’s story times held multiple times Achievements of the People of Lenoir open during the entire two-year per week at various branches, video County (Kinston, NC: Kinston- renovation, which saw construction game tournaments for young adults, Lenoir County Bicentennial workers inside the library busy at book talking groups for adults, and Commission, 1976), 142. work.33 The renovation expanded the musical programs and educational 9 William S. Powell, Annals of library by 9,000 square feet, making lectures that are attended by patrons Progress: The Story of Lenoir County the finished product almost 30,000 of all ages. Due to the countless vari- and Kinston, North Carolina, 67. square feet. ety of programs offered, the library 10 Kohler, 200 Years of Progress: A Report serves as an organization of life long of the History and Achievements of Serving in the learning in its community. the People of Lenoir County, 142. 21st Century and Beyond The Kinston-Lenoir County11 Ibid. To ensure that the Kinston-Lenoir Public Library is a testament to the 12 Powell, Annals of Progress: The Story County Public Library is meeting citizens of Kinston. When faced of Lenoir County and Kinston, North the needs of the patrons in their with losing their information outlet, Carolina, 67.

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 23 13 Ibid. 31 Mary Elizabeth Gray, LaGrange, Gateway Press, Inc., 1979. 14 Kohler, 200 Years of Progress: A Report Its Origin and History (North Gray, Mary Elizabeth. LaGrange, Its of the History and Achievements of Carolina: M.E. Gray, 1997), 217. Origin and History, North Carolina: the People of Lenoir County, 142. 32 David Anderson, “Expansion M.E. Gray, 1997. 15 Ibid. Unveiled,” The Kinston Free Press, Hamrick, Ken & McCurry, John. 16 Ibid., 143. 17 April 2008. “Library May Be Finished In Early 17 Ibid. 33 David Anderson, “Library 1983, Jones Says.” The Kinston Free 18 Ibid. Renovations Complete,” The Press, n.d. 19 Powell, ed., Encyclopedia of North Kinston Free Press, 29 May 2008. Johnson, Talmage C. & Holloman, Carolina, 551. 34 David Anderson, “Golden Leaf Charles R. The Story of Kinston and 20 Kohler, 200 Years of Progress: A Report Approves $1.3 Million in Grants,” Lenoir County. Raleigh: Edwards & of the History and Achievements of The Kinston Free Press, 11 February Broughton Company, 1954. the People of Lenoir County, 143. 2010. “Jones County Libraries Mark 21 Powell, Annals of Progress: The Story Anniversary.” The Kinston Free of Lenoir County and Kinston, North Press, 11 June 2006, accessed 25 Carolina, 5. August, 2010, http://www.kinston. 22 Kohler, 200 Years of Progress: A Report Selected Bibliography com/articles/branch-5754-library- of the History and Achievements of Anderson, David. “Expansion libraries.html. the People of Lenoir County, 143. Unveiled.” The Kinston Free Press, Kohler, Mike. 200 Years of Progress: A 23 Ibid. 17 April 2008, accessed 25 August, Report of the History and Achievements 24 James M. Creech, History of Greene 2010, http://www.kinston.com/ of the People of Lenoir County. County, North Carolina (Baltimore, news/library-45854-children-county. Kinston, NC: Kinston-Lenoir Gateway Press, Inc., 1979), 469. html. County Bicentennial Commission, 25 “Jones County Libraries Mark Anderson, David. “Golden Leaf 1976. Anniversary,” The Kinston Free Press, Approves $1.3 Million in Grants.” Powell, William S. Annals of Progress: 11 June 2006. The Kinston Free Press, 11 February The Story of Lenoir County and 26 Kohler, 200 Years of Progress: A Report 2010, accessed 9 November 2010, Kinston, North Carolina. Raleigh: of the History and Achievements of http://www.kinston.com/news/ State Department of Archives and the People of Lenoir County, 143. grant-61987-city-board.html. History, 1963. 27 “Bookmobile,” The Kinston Free Anderson, David. “Library Powell, William S. ed. Encyclopedia Press, 26 January 1962. Renovations Complete.” The Kinston of North Carolina. Chapel Hill: The 28 Ken Hamrick and John McCurry, Free Press, 29 May 2008, accessed 19 University of North Carolina Press, “Library May Be Finished In Early March 2011, http://www.kinston. 2006. 1983, Jones Says,” The Kinston Free com/news/library-46776-really- Williams, Christine W. “Pink Hill Press, n.d. renovations.html. Library Circulation Soars.” Pink Hill 29 Ibid. “Bookmobile.” The Kinston Free Press. Review, 16 May 1991. 30 Christine W. Williams, “Pink Hill 26 January 1962. Library Circulation Soars,” Pink Creech, James M. History of Greene Hill Review, 16 May 1991. County, North Carolina. Baltimore,

http://www.nclaonline.org/

24 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 Craig Fansler | Wake Forest University Found! Restoring and Digitizing the Cuala Press Sample Book

The Cuala Press sample book before restoration

uring the summer of 2010, the Morris idea: Irish art and poetry, book show the Cuala Industries sales a colleague brought me hand-set type which was letterpress booth at an undated exhibition in what appeared to be an printed and which was then hand- Belfast. oldD scrapbook. This scrapbook was colored by Irish artists (Lewis, 61). The Cuala Press was a Yeats family in poor condition with a torn spine, The press was part of a larger concern enterprise with brothers William and worn cloth cover and acidic pages. known as Cuala Industries which pro- Jack and Lily and Lollie all involved. Inside this scrapbook (which I duced lace and embroidery, pottery, William wrote books and poetry, began calling a sample book) was hand-printed books, greeting cards, Jack created illustrations and Lily an assortment of greeting cards hair brushes and mirrors. Cuala and Lollie ran the press. The printed from approximately 1908-1946, Industries was also a business man- cards in the sample book are beauti- all printed by the Cuala Press. The aged and operated almost entirely ful and mostly contain Irish sayings Cuala Press (pronounced “coo-la”) by women. This sample book is a and poetry, some in Gaelic by poets was an Irish industry that was begun true time capsule of the Cuala Press’ such as Susan L. Mitchell, Katharine by William Butler Yeats’ two sisters: output. Photographs in the sample Tynan, Padraic Colum and W. B. Elizabeth Corbett Yeats 1868-1940 Yeats. This was combined with art (known as Lollie) and Susan Mary by an Irish artist. There are predomi- Yeats 1866-1949 (known as Lily). nantly greeting cards, but there are The Cuala Press began in a similar also bookplates, programs, mundane craftsman-focused way as William items like business forms and book- Morris’ Arts and Crafts Movement lets for anniversaries and holidays. in England: it even consulted with As Preservation Librarian at the the printer who had studied with Z. Smith Reynolds Library at Wake Morris (Emery Walker). The Cuala Forest University, I realized it was a Press used the same printing fonts as great opportunity for a restoration Morris’ Kelmscott Press and Lily Yeats project. I was also excited by the was employed doing embroidery for content of this sample book, which

Morris’ Kelmscott House business for Cuala Industries represented examples in chrono- six years (Hardwick, 120). The Cuala business card logical order of the production of Press was a largely Irish attempt at the Cuala Press beginning in 1908.

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 25 I wondered if anyone else has seen Often, after the cards were removed, artist, poet, size, image description, this sample book except possibly large holes were left in the original and stray or identifying marks, etc. Dolmen Press owner, Liam Miller. pages because the paper stuck to the The spreadsheet worked as a tracking Some of the materials of the Cuala reverse side of the cards. Many of the mechanism for the progress of the Press were donated to Trinity College, cards contained ephemeral informa- project, so we could always gauge our Dublin by the Yeats heirs and some tion (printing dates or number of progress. The spreadsheet served as a stayed with the printing operation copies printed.) which we wanted template to enter metadata fields into inherited by Liam Miller. I discussed to preserve so we would not be glu- our institutional repository. When the provenance of the sample book ing these cards back into the restored the scans were done, we uploaded with former Rare Books Librarian at book. After removal from the acidic both the scans and the metadata to Z. Smith Reynolds Library, Richard paper of the original book, each card our institutional repository. We then Murdoch, but he was unsure of was cleaned using a white eraser to attached the metadata in the spread- its purpose or how it came to the remove any dirt or discolorations. sheet to each image and the metadata Dolmen Press. The Cuala Press As the cards were removed, I record was attached to each scan. had a primary period of production made archival envelopes to protect We were prevented from placing from 1908-1946. Printing was also the loose cards and to keep them in the digital version of the Cuala Press done under the Cuala Press name small batches for scanning. Because sample book on the Z. Smith Reynolds during a revival period from 1969- we had used our book scanner to cre- Library web site (http://zsr.wfu.edu/ 1989 (Redshaw, 139). Somehow, ate an electronic version of the Cuala collections/digital/) with our other this sample book was separated from Press sample book, we had a photo- digitization projects by copyright. the Dolmen Collection when it was graphic verification of their original We own the Dolmen Press Collection processed in our library. Its discov- order. This record allowed us to safely materials, which is how we came to ery represented a unique piece which remove these cards. own a small amount of the Cuala gave a glimpse into the Cuala Press, Press materials as well. Liam Miller, the kinds of things it printed and the editor and owner of the Dolmen photos of their products. Press, protected the Cuala materials The restoration project would over the years, even preserving the involve two tracks: one to remove individual printing plates. When the cards and restore and reconstruct Miller began the Dolmen Press, he the binding; and another to scan acquired some Cuala Press materials the cards for a digitization project. which lived in his archive until the Before we took any direct action, Dolmen Press Collection was pur- we photographed the entire book chased by Wake Forest University in and produced an electronic version 1987. The Dolmen Press Collection or “e-book” of the piece as it was. (http://wakespace.lib.wfu.edu/ This provided an easy way to see and Cuala Industries booth at an undated xmlui/handle/10339/27836) was page through the book. It also pro- Belfast exhibition processed in 2004 and this allowed vided a photographic record to use scholars to use this priceless trea- as we pieced the restored book back For the digitization portion of the sure. However, it was not clear who together. I hoped this e-book would project, we scanned each card at a retained copyright for the artistic and allow access to the sample book by 600 dpi resolution and stored these literary content of both the Dolmen anyone from anywhere. as TIFF images on a hard drive. The and Cuala Press materials. In some I began working with Carolyn scanning part of the project used a cases, it was individual artists, writ- Jones, a graduate student assistant, Google spreadsheet, where each card ers and poets. In our case, we found to remove the cards one by one. The was thoroughly described by adding the copyright–holder for the Yeats cards were glued into the original descriptive metadata. This spread- family (only one of the many contrib- book, so some of the paper lifted off sheet listed each card with as much utors to the Cuala Press) is the Artist with the cards as they were removed. information as we could collect: the Rights Society (http://arsny.com/)

26 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 an artistic and literary consortium in thickness of the original book, using the US and United Kingdom. My Irish linen thread, of course! library made a request to the Artist I lined the spine with Irish linen. Rights Society to simply publish the I ordered a Cialux book cloth similar sample book digitally on the ZSR in color and texture to the original, Library website. The response from and re-covered the boards. I then Newly sewn textblock the holders of the copyright was to reunited the newly-sewn text block ask for an annual payment for mak- with the boards. ing this e-book available, an offer The restoration project then was we declined. My hope is that this completed by placing the cards back material will eventually be acces- inside the restored book using “See- sible to anyone. Copyright is full of Thru Mounting Corners” in their many caveats and pitfalls as an arti- original position. These mounting cle in American Archivist by Maggie corners are really hand-folded Mylar

Dickinson recently pointed out. strips that attach only to the page and Restored sample book Our attempt to locate the copyright appear like very large photo corners. holder for the Cuala Press materials The mounting strips secured each took several years. The Cuala Press card to the new pages of the book materials contain the work of dozens without any adhesive. of artists and poets, so this project The cards now have a safe environ- could potentially involve a lifetime ment in which to live out their lives in of searching for individual copyright a well-preserved, acid-free book. This holders, and then after all this search- was a very satisfying project because ing, yield no accessible digital form. it combined two of my interests: For the preservation side of the hands-on preservation and digitiza- project, I dis-bound the book (sepa- tion. From restoring the Cuala Press One of the Cuala Press cards rated the text block from the cover sample book, I learned to love the boards) and discarded the text block. Irish art and poetry printed by the I retained the boards and planned to Cuala Press. I also learned about the re-cover them with new book-cloth problems of copyright on a complex similar to the original. I ordered level and was able to accept that the Canson Mi-Tientes paper which is digital form of this project isn’t ready made in 19x25” sheets for the text for prime time just yet. block. These sheets were then cut and folded to the correct size. I sewed these signatures together at the same

A page from the restored sample book

Bibliography Dickinson, Maggie. “Due Diligence, Futile Effort: Copyright and the Digitization of the Thomas E. Watson Papers.” The American Archivist 73 (Fall/Winter2010): 626-636. Gatch, Milton McC. The Yeats Family and the Book Circa 1900. New York :The Grolier Club, 2000. Hardwick, Joan. The Yeats Sisters, A Biography of Susan and Elizabeth Yeats. Glasgow: Harper Collins, 1996. Lewis, Gifford. The Yeats Sisters and the Cuala. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1994. Miller, Liam. The Dun Emer Press, Later the Cuala Press. Dublin: Dolmen Press, 1973. Redshaw, Thomas Dillon. “Remains and Removals: The Cuala Press Revival” 1969-1989. The South Carolina Review 43 .1: 139-162.

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 27 Nina Exner | North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University Anime-zing in North Carolina: Library Views of Anime Fans

s many people, especially be a valuable place for outreach, the clubs as a source of information and young adult librarians, are well same can be true for libraries. Fan contact8,9 which presents a strategy aware, Japanese cartoons and conventions can become a great way to either make contact with new comicsA have become hugely popular to understand and connect with users patrons or harness a significant exist- in the last few years. Called anime and and non-users of libraries, as well as to ing patron group. So getting involved manga respectively, Japanese anima- market and outreach to an enthusias- in manga can be a draw for patrons tion and Japanese comics are enjoying tic niche of readers. and an outreach tool. Charbonneau’s a huge surge in popularity. study10 of adult graphic novel enthu- But the current clamor about the Anime and Libraries siasts—of which a notable number popularity of anime actually hides a For libraries, there are several fac- said they read manga only—came to number of facts. Anime has certainly tors that make manga (and anime the conclusion, “If you are consider- become a mainstream phenomenon.1 to a lesser extent) a topic of interest. ing creating a graphic novel collection But it has been popular among devoted The most obvious factor ties to an in your library, build it and they will fans – sometimes but not always self- older debate about comics as a form come!” labeled as “otaku”– for years, and those of reading. Can manga be a way to Another facet of interest to librar- fans span ages, genders, and interests. interest reluctant readers in reading ies is as a venue for programming. As with many forms of genre enter- and libraries? Showing anime movies can be a great tainment there is a whole fan culture The school library at Currituck program and has gotten especially surrounding the popularity of anime. County High School certainly found popular as a way to attract teens. Book clubs, viewing clubs, and col- that they could, when an LSTA grant Some purists among anime fans also lecting clubs form where otaku, or caused them to survey their students’ insist that the best way to enjoy anime fans, read or watch and discuss their interests and wishes for the library. is with the original Japanese voices interests. Numerous online commu- The students responded with exten- and subtitles; this suggests a way to nities exist to discuss or expand on sive requests for graphic novels and promote reading skills with anime. manga and anime series. And large manga. The resulting grant-funded But even without this aspect, showing conventions allow fans to gather and purchase has enormously increased popular anime movies or establishing share their appreciation for the genre student visits to the library and kin- an anime club or screening schedule and related media. Fan conventions dled enthusiasm among the student can attract enthusiasts to the library. are an important part of anime and body.4 Others have found that tying Even more ambitious programming manga fan culture. fan activities such as gaming, movies, projects are cropping up in librar- Publishers know the importance of and manga together with books can ies with anime festivals combining fan conventions (or “cons”) as a place increase cross-platform interest.5 fan gatherings with anime screen- to find the pulse of their audience Manga and anime certainly attract ings, gaming, reading and discussion, with some saying they “need to be and keep patron interest. Discussion panels, costuming, and more.11 These there for outreach and feedback from of manga has been pervasive in the programs hinge on the popularity of the fans.”2 The publisher exhibits at school, public, and young adult fan gatherings in otaku culture as piv- large fan conventions like San Diego library literature. Libraries have found otal points for socialization, exchange Comic-Con go beyond simply exhib- that manga readers can be hard to of ideas, and contributing to the ebb iting comics to related areas (such as pin down and identify exact inter- and flow of fan culture. video game hint books and reference ests from6 but represent a motivated books on comics) to broader areas and stable user group even among Fan Gatherings such as audiobooks.3 adult patrons.7 Projects have focused Part of the culture of being a fan If publishers find fan conventions to on using local otaku and other fan of anime and manga is attending

28 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 conventions, clubs, and other gath- costumes. Fans practicing cosplay, or where businesses sell everything from erings. Not all manga fans attend ‘cosplayers’, most commonly dress up expensive imported DVDs to Asian conventions of course, but many do. as a character from an anime, manga, snacks and beverages. Librarians have described a related video game, book, or other cultural There are too many types of events type of con, gaming conventions, as, source. Some cosplayers may dress up and features at anime cons to describe “[M]ind-blowing for anyone who has as original characters inspired by spe- them all here. However, hopefully this never gone to one.”12 The intensity of cific works; others may simply dress up summary will give the reader a few this kind of subculture gathering can in a style that is popular and evocative ideas of what it is like. The only way surprise people who are new to the of manga or Japanese cultural themes. to really understand what a con is like experience. Costumes may be store-bought or is to attend one, and that is exactly So what do these cons consist of? combined from store-bought ele- what some librarians have done to get The idea is similar to other genre-ori- ments, but many serious devotees of a better idea of their patrons’ activi- ented conventions, so it is generally cosplay insist on making their own ties. Cons come in many sizes though, centered on panels and signings. Fans costumes so that they can express from small local ones with a hundred watch screenings of anime shows both their own image concept and not be or fewer attendees to large interna- new and old, learn about forthcoming restricted by a stock design. This kind tional ones with thousands. There is a translations of manga, ask questions of costuming can take many hours to regional anime con in North Carolina of authors and artists, and discuss the work on. Posing for other fans’ cam- based in the Triangle which draws merits of various approaches used by eras and doing mini-skits in the hall fans from throughout the state and the anime and manga industries, such gives cosplayers a chance to show off beyond called Animazement. as the ever-heated debate of whether their great costumes and acting abili- to watch anime with subtitles or ties. Cosplay contests, a perennial Animazement English voices. draw at conventions, therefore often The convention website says, Video games often play a large role, include a brief amount of time for a “Animazement is an annual con- because in Japan there is regular inter- skit. Specifically skit-oriented contests vention that celebrates the world action between media types, including allow for longer, group skits. Cosplay of Japanese visual culture through games. Thus there are anime, manga, contest prizes, often given by actors anime, manga, video games, J-rock, and novels which spawn off of games or artists from Japan or well-known martial arts, traditional crafts, and and games which spawn off of print U. S. anime voice actors, are coveted more! Brought to you by fans, for and television media as well. Since accolades. fans.” Although it is a local gathering, they are inextricably linked it is com- There are usually some cultural it is not a small event. There are usu- mon for fans to include video game events as well, such as Japanese tradi- ally many international guests and rooms and discussions with other tional arts or music as well as modern it is normal to see guests, vendors, events at anime cons. Video game Japanese or sometimes Korean popular and artists from all over the coun- rooms host tournaments and play- music (J-pop and K-pop respectively). try. Attendees come from all over the ers often stay up all night for group Because art is such an important part state as well as surrounding states and competitions or cooperative assaults of manga, there is usually an amateur throughout the Southeast. on the game world. Performance- and early-career professional artists’ Over ten thousand attendees came oriented game contests such as Dance area, or “artists alley”, where fan art- to the Raleigh Convention Center Dance Revolution tournaments are ists sell and display their artwork. Art for Animazement 2010. The 2009 popular because a watching crowd contests and similar events may draw 12th Annual Animazement was the can enjoy them too. amateur or early-career artists as well, first to move to Raleigh having out- Some of the practices at con- and both aspiring and established grown previous venues. The 2008 ventions might surprise people online comic creators can often be Animazement, at which this research unfamiliar with anime fandom found at cons selling books or draw- was conducted, was the last one held though. For example cosplay, or cos- ings and promoting their web comics. in Durham, NC at the Sheraton tume play, is an important con event Amateur art is not the only com- Imperial hotel and convention center. for many fans. For some, the whole mercial aspect. Fundraising or charity Held on Memorial Day weekend, purpose of going to the con is to wear auctions are common events at cons, Friday through Sunday, Animazement their costume or watch others in their and there is always a Dealer’s Room is an event which many NC fans look

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 29 forward to. Planning for each year fiction con called ConCarolinas, The Survey begins as soon as the previous year which always has an anime room, as Data was gathered at the 11th ends, for the event coordinators as well as smaller local events in several Animazement, which was held in well as the fans, who often buy their cities. Durham, NC, in 2008. Information tickets a year in advance to get dis- Smaller events also abound, often was gathered by means of a survey counted pricing. sponsored by colleges and cultural administered in paper and online. The Wake County Public Library centers, such as Guilford College To encourage participation, a raffle and other Triangle area libraries have and the Asheville Art Museum and was included and signs were posted a history of close involvement with regional fan clubs. The college con- around the table encouraging par- Animazement. In the past this has nection belies the idea of anime being ticipants. The table was located included setting up library informa- a teen-only interest, as for many the somewhat out of the main flow of tion booths and sponsoring contests. interest persists into college years and traffic, but in an area where people Since Animazement moved to the beyond. often had to stand when waiting for larger Raleigh Convention Center, Smaller events and local fan clubs events. Thus, bored people waiting in Wake County Public Libraries have have also proved to be fertile ground line would often take the survey for sponsored a manga reading room for library outreach. Cumberland lack of anything else in particular to where fans can sit in relative quiet, County Public Library hosts an do. relax, and read manga and magazines. annual “Librari-con” (informa- Many participants self-identified This kind of embedded presence at tion on the 2011 event is available as being involved in research in some the convention shows great teamwork at http://www.cumberland.lib. way. A number of librarians, library and outreach with the fan commu- nc.us/teen/Libraricon/teens-Librari- workers, and people interested in nity. The Wake system also built on Con2011.html), that partners with libraries came by. Several students, that to develop programming in the the anime and science fiction fans including a number of graduate library.13 in the Fayetteville area and through- students, also came to take the sur- out the state. This “mini-con” is vey. They self-identified as being Other North an amazing example of outreach interested in research and were sym- Carolina Gatherings to the niche community of seri- pathetic to the importance of good It is worth mentioning that ous enthusiasts, but also provides participation. Animazement is not the only gather- a fun program for library patrons However, the majority of respon- ing for anime fans in the state. There who enjoy anime on a more casual dents came out of interest in the are a number of other gatherings that basis. Similar efforts are being made, raffle or because they lacked any- include anime and manga fans as part with a more general theme of sci- thing better to do at the time. The of their attendees. Comic book con- ence fiction rather than a specifically raffle winner received a $25 gift cer- ventions are a natural destination, anime audience, by the Appalachian tificate to an online manga and anime especially for fans that particularly Regional Library (see http://www. retailer. Responses included an e-mail enjoy the manga side of things. facebook.com/pages/Wilkes-Library- address for contacting the raffle win- North Carolina comic book conven- Con/170044036371372 for more ner, but data entry did not include tions include Charlotte’s HeroesCon information). collection of that item and the online as well numerous smaller “comi- As with many things in North questionnaire responses for this field cons” and related events in Raleigh, Carolina, outside of the largest cit- were deleted as soon as the winner Charlotte, Boone, Sylvia, and else- ies people often feel that it is difficult had collected the gift certificate code. where. Speculative fiction (i.e. science to find events and gatherings of Young people who self-identified fiction and/or fantasy) conventions common interest. These smaller con- as being under 18 or who appeared to also regularly include some anime ventions represent efforts to remedy be minors were requested verbally to fans, due to the fact that there is an this lack and show the diversity of get their parents’ permissions before overlap between the two groups. interests among the fan community. filling out the survey and entering the In North Carolina there is a Triad They also represent a great oppor- raffle. However, most minors who regional speculative fiction conven- tunity for programming, outreach, approached the table were already in tion called StellarCon, in Charlotte and better understanding of teen and the company of an adult so this rarely there is a NC/SC regional speculative adult fans. presented a problem. It may have

30 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 affected the response rate of younger Carolina respondents chose that Directions indicated that partici- persons though. Also, the number of option (see Table 1). pants should mark all appropriate questions may have been a deterrent The next questions focused on categories. Results listed are ranked to younger potential respondents. broad relationships with libraries such by overall percentage of how they are Bias in the sample may there- as whether the individual had a library using libraries. Unsurprisingly, casual fore have come from several sources: card, how often they used the library, reading, school research, and home- higher participation from older and what types of libraries are being work were the most common uses of attendees involved in research or used. In the free response “other” the library (see Table 3). libraries, length and parental require- field it should be noted that one The next section asked respondents ments creating lower participation patron mentioned ebooks as a library to rate their enthusiasm for differ- from younger attendees, geographic use, but did not include whether the ent interests commonly found in the and timing effects due to the location source of the ebook subscription was anime fan community. The activities of the table, and incentive-induced public, school, workplace, or college. rated were anime, manga, ‘cosplay’ response bias14 that may have encour- Because of the NC LIVE ebook hold- or costume play, non-manga comics aged responses that were favorable ings, ebook access can come from (which was included because library towards the sponsor. almost any library (see Table 2). practices often group all graphic for- The next section discussed the mats together), video games, and Profile of a uses of libraries by these anime fans. Japanese culture. North Carolina Anime Fan There were 151 responses to the Demographic Traits Total Female Male survey, of which 115 came from self- Respondents in NC 115 66 49 identified North Carolina residents. Ages 10-13 4 3 1 For the purposes of this article, the Ages 14-17 22 17 5 results will be reported focusing on Ages 18-21 33 22 11 Ages 22-30 41 18 23 respondents from North Carolina Ages 31 and over 15 6 9 only, for a total n=115. In both the School enrollment: none 34 13 21 paper and online versions there were Enrolled in Middle/Jr High 4 3 1 no required responses. Any ques- Enrolled in 25 18 7 tion that a respondent preferred not High School to answer was simply left blank; the Enrolled in community college 20 11 9 survey administrators at the table Enrolled in college/university 31 21 10 encouraged anyone who expressed Table 1: Demographic Traits discomfort with a question that it was fine to write in something more Library Patron Traits Total Female Male appropriate or leave it blank as they Library card holder 88 58 30 preferred. Therefore not all response Non-cardholder 25 7 18 totals will add up to 115. Cardholder: unsure/no response 2 1 1 The first information collected Library Use: Daily 10 7 3 was general demographic informa- Library Use: Multiple times a week 11 11 0 tion about gender, age, and school Library Use: Weekly 15 12 3 enrollment. Because one of the goals Library Use: 2-3 per month 15 10 5 Library Use: Monthly 19 11 8 of this survey was to look at pos- Library Use: Almost never 37 11 26 sible places of connection between Library Use: Never 7 3 4 anime fans and libraries, schools were Uses public library 89 54 35 thought to be an important aspect of Uses school library 22 13 9* where respondents might encounter Uses college library 55 31 24 libraries. Ages were roughly grouped Uses workplace library 6 3 3 according to broad school category * The survey should have been clearer on the nature of “school” libraries, as this as well. The option for “Other” was exceeds the number of middle and high school enrollees for this category. included for gender, but no North Table 2: Library Patron Traits

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 31 % of % of Library used for… Overall Yes No Don’t Know females males Does your public library carry anime? 25% 44% 31% Casual reading 66.0% 70.3% 59.5% Does your public library carry manga? 50% 21% 29% Research for school 59.4% 64.1% 52.4% Does your public library support fans in 14% 20% 66% Homework 45.3% 54.7% 31.0% other ways? Meeting space 25.5% 29.7% 19.0% Does your school or college library 19% 32% 49% Other (non-school) 23.6% 18.8% 31.0% support fans in any way? research Table 5: Library anime holdings Computer access 23.6% 25.0% 21.4% What kind of anime/manga support would Book or manga 14.2% 21.9% 2.4% Total Female Male discussions you like to see at your public library? Library-sponsored 10.4% 12.5% 7.1% Anime to check out 77% 77% 76% events Anime screenings 48% 44% 53% Anime club meetings 9.4% 14.1% 2.4% Anime/manga club meetings 48% 47% 49% Anime screenings 9.4% 14.1% 2.4% Manga to check out 70% 71% 67% Table 3: Library use by anime fans Manga “book discussion” groups 33% 32% 35% Manga art and business books 37% 44% 29% All day fan or culture events 40% 41% 39% Table 6: Anime/manga wants at your public library Mean rating NC Overall NC Female NC Male What anime/manga support would you Total Female Male Anime 3.20 3.21 3.19 like to see in school/college libraries? Manga 3.05 3.26 2.75 Manga to check out 80% 75% 84% Cosplay 2.54 2.59 2.47 Manga discussions 49% 48% 50% Comics 2.18 2.19 2.17 Graphic arts books 61% 67% 52% Video Games 3.21 3.14 3.29 Japanese language resources 70% 77% 61% Japanese Culture 3.04 3.2 2.84 Japanese cultural information 74% 77% 71% Table 4: Enthusiasm for anime activities Table 7: Anime/manga wants at your school/college library

Ratings were made on a Likert resources and more scholastic materi- was larger at 41. scale from 0 to 4: “No interest at all;” als. An open-ended question section The gender balance was defi- “My friends force me into it;” It’s followed, in which participants could nitely towards the female, but not OK;” “I’m a huge fan;” and “Can’t make what comments they desired to overwhelmingly so. The difference live without it” (see Table 4). the library community and express in library usage between female and The next sets of questions were their ideas however they wanted. male respondents was a more notice- related to the intersection of libraries able issue, with 88% of females and anime interests. The first ques- Discussion having library cards compared to tions were related to library holdings The demographics of the respon- 61% of males. Whereas 78% of and support for fan interests (see dents were very different from what female respondents reported at least Table 5). one might expect if focused on the monthly use of a library, only 39% The next series of questions asked image of cartoon-watching kids. of males reported at least monthly what fans would hope to see in public Particularly notable was the fact library use. Reassuringly, in both libraries, related to their anime fan- that the largest group of respon- cases “almost never” using the library dom. An open-ended question for dents by age were from the 22-30 was much more likely than “never” “other” was included as well as the age group. The survey was designed using the library. closed-ended ones. with this group covering a relatively Most specific types of library uses And the final group of ques- wide range of years on the assump- had higher rates among females than tions was related to what support tion that it would be smaller than the males, which parallels the library pat- fans would like to see their school young adult and college-age groups, terns generally. It is also worth noting or college library provide for their but that was not the case. The college that contrary to what one might anime fandom. The questions were age 18-21 group was a large one with think, public libraries were more intentionally skewed towards book 33 respondents, but the 22-30 group commonly reported to be used than

32 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 school and college libraries com- fans, video games were notably the library that definitely has anime. This bined. When asked, “What kinds of most popular activity. That not only might be an outreach or marketing libraries do you use?” 77 respondents gives us an insight into the multifac- issue that could be addressed. In the claimed they used a school or college eted interplay of fan interests, it also course of collecting the data however, library and 89 claimed they used a suggests ways to cross-market library an interesting question arose. Several public library. That may explain why offerings. respondents asked “Does it count if casual reading was the most com- Other interests were more pre- all they have is ______?” What the mon library use across both genders. dictably ranked. Anime was the next blank included varied between a few Research for school was the second most popular, followed by manga groups, the most common being most common use in both genders and then Japanese culture. All of the Disney versions of the Studio and overall, with both uses being those averaged to above the “I’m a Ghibli movies such as Spirited Away more popular for females than males. huge fan!” threshold (3 on the Likert or Howl’s Moving Castle. Slightly It is interesting to note, however, scale) for the overall population. It is less common were various children’s that male respondents had a much interesting to note that among male television series Americanized from higher use of the library for non- fans, Japanese Culture was more anime series, such as Pokemon or Yu school-related research than females interesting than manga. For some Gi Oh. The survey administrators did. Non-school research tied with fans, the manga version of a story is consistently answered, “It’s up to homework for third most popu- simply not interesting, and that may what you think, whether that counts lar use among males, though it was be an important insight into how to or not,” and some respondents ver- distinctly lower among females and interest male anime fans. Perhaps bally indicated they thought it did when averaged overall (tied for fifth cultural materials would be better while others did not. This shows an place overall, and seventh-most of resources for these fans. interesting hierarchy of what is con- the ten uses among females). One It is also interesting to note that sidered serious enough material to wonders if this is a particular trait of (non-Asian) comic books were the constitute real support. this fan group, or if personal research least popular interest across the The next section was about what interests are a generally common board. This means that grouping fans would like to see in libraries in library use for men. Fandom-related graphic novels all together because the way of fan support for anime research interests could include they are all graphical is probably fans and otaku interests. Because the cultural information, costuming not an ideal browsing arrangement. overwhelming popularity of video techniques, video editing (for sub- Of course, much like the issue of games was not expected, the author titling or for creating Anime Music whether or not to separate genres of had assumed that anime would be Videos – AMVs – of anime clips fiction this is often a more practical most popular, and then video games set to music) and other technical choice than anything. But in a myth- or manga would be second-most. study, art references, and many other ical ‘ideal’ browsing arrangement it Video game holdings and materials possibilities. appears that video games and cultural were not included in the prompt- An especially interesting set of materials would be best shelved near ing questions about what fans would results was in the fan interests ques- the manga to catch readers’ interests. like to see in libraries. It would be tions. Although Animazement A brief question about what sup- interesting in the future to incorpo- attendees might reasonably be port existed at their libraries already rate more questions specifically on assumed to like anime the best, was more complicated than had desired video game support. the actual most popular interest been expected. Not only were there, Predictably, the idea of anime and was video games, with an average unsurprisingly, a great many “I don’t manga to check out was the popular of 3.21 on a 0-4 Likert scale. This know” responses to the question form of support that was hoped for at edged out Anime with an average of whether manga and anime were libraries, with anime being the most of 3.20, and was driven especially available in the local libraries, there popular out of the list presented. by male responses wherein over half were definitely some erroneous “No” Gatherings were a far less popu- responded that they “Can’t live with- responses even in counties where lar idea at public libraries, though out it!!” on the topic of video games. there are robust anime programs. This anime screenings were a fairly popu- Despite the fact that this is a conven- leads one to wonder how fans could lar idea among male respondents. tion of anime and Japanese culture feel certain that there is no anime at a Interestingly, there were some very

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 33 strong wants from school libraries: anime music and all day events. a link between libraries and anime the idea of Japanese language and The general open-ended responses fans, but that it could be stronger. cultural resources were very popular covered a greater range, but showed Carrying more manga and more with 70% and 74% of respondents several specific trends. As in any anime could help, as well as outreach wanting to see such items in their population, there were several people to ensure that these populations are school or college library. That level who indicated that they were simply aware of the library’s interest in and is on par with the idea of manga in uninterested in the library. A num- acceptance of otakudom. There are public libraries, which also got 70% ber of further barriers of typical sorts thousands of anime fans in North support. Traditional “book talk” occurred: distance, transportation Carolina and some libraries have groups were the least popular idea in issues, parking concerns, crowd- found that the community is a great both categories, and the omnipresent ing, presence of vagrants, sense of place to connect to patrons. Fans can “how to draw manga” style art and indebtedness over past fines, lack of be enthusiastic library supporters, business books did not fare especially time, and both noise and quiet were once they get past the fear that they well either. all cited as barriers. Lack of need for are unwanted by libraries. Open-ended responses to the the library was also a common fac- There are also a wide variety of question, “What would you like to tor with many people already having ways that libraries could fill the needs see?” added some depth. There were large book collections, but several of this audience beyond merely carry- only a few of these write-ins; most also cited a sense that they were not ing anime or manga. Consider video re-emphasized the existing responses welcome or wanted in the library games, language, culture, costuming, with the desire for a greater quantity and even that the staff was hostile art, and other related resources that or variety of support. Some indicated to them. On the other hand, many may also appeal. They can provide that they were categorically not inter- respondents also expressed a deep a bridge between different interests, ested in anime or manga through love for the library and said that and show that the library under- the library. One surprising request nothing could keep them away. stands that otaku culture extends suggested “Categorize according to beyond watching videos. content,” implying that they wanted Conclusion more robust genre cataloging. There Perhaps the main thing that can be were also specific interests voiced: taken from this is that there is already

References 1 Jane Halsall, “Anime Goes Mainstream,” School Library Journal 56, no. 9 (2010): 32-33. 2 Calvin Reid, “Publishers Find Fans and Trends at Comic-Con,” Publishers Weekly, 2008, 4. 3 Ibid. 4 Mary Simmons and Beth O’Briant, “Journey into the World of Manga and Graphic Novels,” Library Media Connection 27, no. 4 (2009): 16-17. 5 Rollie Welch, “From Platforms to Books? I’m Game,” Young Adult Library Services 6, no. 2 (2008): 30-31. 6 Melissa Bergin, “Who Is Reading Manga?” Young Adult Library Services 3, no. 4 (2005): 25-26. 7 Olivier Charbonneau, “Adult Graphic Novels Readers,” Young Adult Library Services 3, no. 4 (2005): 39-42. 8 Bergin, “Who Is Reading Manga?” 9 Tom Holman, “The Manga Club.” Bookseller (2006): 11-11. 10 Charbonneau, “Adult Graphic Novels Readers,” 40. 11 Kelly Czarnecki, “Planning an Anime Fest,” School Library Journal 56, no. 6 (2010): 20-21.; Nicole Lambert, “Library Anime Conventions for the Faint of Heart (and the Low on Cash),” Chapbook 66 (2009): 7-10. 12 Paula Brehm-Heeger, Ann Conway, and Carrie Vale, “Cosplay, Gaming, and Conventions: The Amazing and Unexpected Places an Anime Club Can Lead Unsuspecting Librarians,” Young Adult Library Services 5, no. 2 (2007): 14-16. 13 Lambert, “Library Anime Conventions.” 14 Jeannine M. James and Richard Bolstein, “The Effect of Monetary Incentives and Follow-up Mailings on the Response Rate and Response Quality in Mail Surveys,” Public Opinion Quarterly 54, no. 3 (1990): 346-61.

34 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 EileenNorth McGrath, compilerCarolina Books

contrast, students entered first grade Lambert, co-author, received a doc- in white schools when they were six torate in social anthropology from years old and learned reading, writ- Harvard University and is currently ing, and mathematics. When not Associate Professor of Anthropology attending school, Leonard Lambert and African Studies at the University and his siblings always helped their of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. parents around the house with vari- This book is intended to offer read- ous chores. Eventually, the author ers a glimpse into the lives of Cherokee had the opportunity to attend Mars families in western North Carolina Up from These Hills: Hill College, but he later transferred during the Great Depression, World Memories of a Cherokee Boyhood to North Carolina State College War II, and the post-war years in the By Leonard Carson Lambert, Jr., as told to Michael in order to pursue an engineering United States. This memoir would be Lambert. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011. 197 pp. $18.95. ISBN 978-0-8032-3536-6. degree. Despite economic hardships, best suited for inclusion in an aca- Lambert remained determined to demic, public, or special library with attend college and also maintain his a Native American history collection. eonard Carson Lambert, Jr., an Cherokee identity. Lenrolled member of the Eastern The book is divided into six sec- David W. Young Band of Cherokee Indians, describes tions: Lambert family history; life on University of North Carolina at Pembroke for readers what it was like to be a the family farm near the Eastern Band Cherokee growing up in western of Cherokee Indians’ reservation; the North Carolina during the Great Lambert family’s relocation and expe- Depression. In Up from These Hills: riences working on a sharecropping Memories of a Cherokee Boyhood, farm in eastern Tennessee during Lambert depicts how his father had the late 1930s; the author’s boyhood to find different jobs as a laborer, tim- education at the Mentor School in ber cutter, and Civilian Conservation Tennessee; his pursuit of a college Corps worker in order to sustain the education at Mars Hill College and family through tough economic times. North Carolina State College; and This personal memoir illustrates that his return home to Cherokee, North the Cherokee were like many other Carolina where he opened a gift shop Autumn Bends the Rebel Tree people, enduring daily hardships as with his father and his later career By Carolyn Guy. Vilas, N.C.: Canterbury House Publishing, 2011. they struggled to find suitable hous- with the Aluminum Company of 261 pp. $16.95. ISBN 978-0-9825396-9-9. ing or available farmland for raising America (ALCOA). There are no crops. A particularly intriguing aspect illustrations and just a modest num- of the book is the author’s descrip- ber of bibliographical references; a y mother was thirty-eight tion of the educational differences genealogical table is included to help “Myears old when Papa died. between school systems in western readers place the people mentioned With eleven children still in the North Carolina. In the Cherokee in historical context. household and the Great Depression schools, students attended kindergar- Leonard Carson Lambert, Jr. holds pressing sore in the land, she faced ten when they were six and first grade an engineering degree from North poverty, trials, and tribulation with when they were seven years old. For Carolina State College and spent fortitude, resourcefulness, and a deep the most part, the curriculum was twenty-five years working for Alcoa in faith in God.” Thus spoke Carolyn focused on health and hygiene. By different parts of the world. Michael Guy about what inspired her first

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 35 published novel, Autumn Bends the for her struggling family. She bends the era since the tobacco buy-out. The Rebel Tree, a fictionalized account of like the Rebel apple tree in her yard, book also documents the renewal of her amazing mother who bore seven- but never breaks. farming in the state, including com- teen children, including two sets of Some chapters begin or end with munity-supported agriculture and twins. poetry or a song, many by the author, the locavore movement. The entries The author fashioned her fictional for she is a published poet. This provide a brief introduction to each heroine Clarinda Darningbush, who book was awarded the Clark Cox vendor; some contain a story of the also bore seventeen children, includ- Historical Fiction Award for 2011, vendor’s history or a description of ing two sets of twins, after her own given by the North Carolina Society the author’s visit there. Vendor entries mother. Clarinda’s marriage at four- of Historians. It is an appropriate are interspersed with interesting tid- teen to handsome banjo-playing read for young adults to seniors and bits of all kinds about agriculture Rufus McCloud, himself barely eigh- should be considered a must purchase and North Carolina. (“Herd” about teen, and her great love for him and for any public or university library natural mowing? Yes, it’s possible to all their children are beautifully por- which includes North Carolina his- hire goats to clear land, even in the trayed in this finely crafted work. Life tory, fiction, or Appalachian regional city!) Most readers will learn some- in the Appalachian Mountains dur- literature. thing new about the many kinds of ing the 1930s and 1940s was hard, farming in this state, and they will and readers will be reminded of the Carol Truett appreciate the black and white pho- lyrics from “Song of the South” by Appalachian State University tographs throughout the book that Bob McDill and sung by Alabama, are crisp and engaging. “Somebody told us that Wall Street The book is divided into five fell, but we were so poor that we regional sections: the mountains, the couldn’t tell.” But these people were Charlotte area, the Triad, the Triangle, strong and not without their plea- and the coastal region and Sandhills. sures in life, including their music, A state map at the beginning of the their religion and strong faith in book orients the reader to the coun- God, and the bounteous food which ties in each region; maps for each they worked so hard to produce and region show the distribution of major which sustained them. Carolyn Guy cities and towns across the area. The portrays many humorous incidents Farm Fresh North Carolina subjects covered by the subtitle serve drawn from her own family and By Diane Daniel as headings for subsections within friends’ lives and from stories told to Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011. the regions, but be forewarned, not 282 pp. $18.95. ISBN 978-0-8078-7182-9. her as she was growing up. She cap- all regions include all subsections: the tures the dialog of mountain folks Triad apparently doesn’t possess any beautifully for, as she herself says, ince Diane Daniel grew up in choose-and-cut Christmas tree farms, “That’s how I talked growing up.” SNorth Carolina and is a freelance which seems surprising, considering When her beloved Rufus dies, journalist who “writes about travel, that the coastal region and Sandhills Clarinda remains a widow for a food, the environment, and fascinat- do have them; and apple orchards are long time until she meets and mar- ing folks,” her latest book is a natural to be found primarily in the moun- ries (against her children’s advice for her. Farm Fresh North Carolina is tains. Happily, each regional section and warnings) Wadell Dudley, a a guide book to consumer-oriented does include a few recipes provided well-to-do but selfish and rather agriculture in the state. Since this is a by vendors from that area. mean-spirited farmer. He refuses even selective guide rather than an exhaus- In general, the book is nicely orga- to buy shoes for Clarinda’s young- tive one, it is important for readers to nized. The arrangement by region sters, begrudges the very food they review carefully the introduction and with sub-arrangement by type of eat, and never lives up to his promise the “How to Use This Book” sections establishment and an appendix of to teach her boys how to drive a team to understand the author’s selection county-by-county listings make it of horses. But Clarinda refuses to let criteria. Daniel celebrates the inge- simple to identify farms in a given this setback destroy her family and nuity of the state’s farmers who have area. The only obvious absence is turns this relationship into a benefit found new products and services in a product index for the farms. A

36 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 reader must peruse all listings in a so, the author does a remarkable Davis’s book will appeal to adult given area, for instance, to find which job of preserving the character and readers of all ages and is best suited farms offer meat for sale. But it is not humor of the stories. The reader can for placement in public libraries. The such a big book that such a perusal almost hear the author’s voice as he language in Tales from a Free-Range is onerous. Location information is recounts his memories of growing up Childhood is direct and uncom- minimal; each entry provides just the near Waynesville, North Carolina in plicated, and the tone is light and address and phone number of the the 1940s and 1950s. Davis manages upbeat. Middle-aged readers and vendor and a Web address if a Web to take the reader back to an era when senior citizens are likely to enjoy the site is available. Notes are included life seemed simpler and parents had references to an era and a setting that for each vendor about the timing of the ultimate say. are familiar, allowing them to expe- special events or seasonal sales. The The book contains a chronologi- rience a sense of nostalgia in shared book also includes a small glossary cal series of stories beginning with memories. and a concise list of resources for Davis’s childhood antics and continu- more information. Farm Fresh North ing through his teenage years. Davis Catherine Tingelstad Carolina is highly recommended for grew up during a time when chil- Pitt Community College Library all libraries with a North Carolina dren roamed free and any scrape was travel section and it is appropriate for treated with a generous application institutions with curricula related to of iodine. The stories are set in and sustainable agriculture. around Davis’s hometown of Plott Creek near Waynesville. Readers will Michele Hayslett recognize similarities to small towns University of North Carolina at across the country in the 1940s, but Chapel Hill they will also be reminded that the setting is the rural South when the author employs such vivid expres- sions as “to snatch someone bald Native North Carolina: The headed.” This is a laugh-out-loud What, Why, and Where of Native book that will hold the reader’s atten- American Place Names tion to the very end. By Kevin Reynolds. Davis’s early tales reveal a devilish Boone, NC: Parkway Publishers, Inc., 2010. (Distributed by John F. Blair, Publisher) character who delights in teasing and 122 pp. $14.95. ISBN 978-1-933251-72-1. tormenting his younger brother— the child who has replaced him as Tales from a the baby of the family. He recounts t is fairly obvious that Cherokee Free-Range Childhood the story of the family’s first televi- ICounty and Standing Indian By Donald Davis. Winston-Salem: John F. Blair Publisher, 2011. sion set and the joy of discovering Mountain have roots in Native 239 pp. $12.95. ISBN 978-0-89587-509-9. programming such as Champions American language or legend. But of Texas Wrestling. He entertains the did you know that the same could be reader with his adventures of trav- said of Hickory, Sugar Creek, and the or more than thirty years, travel- eling to Asheville alone by bus for Toe River? In Native North Carolina, Fling storyteller Donald Davis has orthodontist appointments. As Davis first-time author Kevin Reynolds has shared with audiences accounts of ages in his stories, he becomes a bit combined his interests in the lan- his family life and upbringing. Davis more reflective in regard to his family guage and history of North Carolina’s translates this oral history into the relationships, displaying a degree of “original residents” with an obvi- written word in his book, Tales from empathy and understanding toward ous affection for his home state. The a Free-Range Childhood. The book is his parents and the lessons they are result is a guide that provides insight a collection of stories that have devel- trying to teach him. The child begins into the etymologies of nearly 130 oped and matured over time, to the to recognize his parents as individu- North Carolina location names. point that Davis felt comfortable als and to appreciate them in a new Native North Carolina is organized committing them to paper. In doing capacity. into four main sections. The first

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 37 three sections contain alphabetized navigates using road intersections, 100 Classic Hikes in North Carolina entries covering geographical ele- highway mile-markers, and land and he maintains an outdoor rec- ments, communities, and counties, marks and it has a conversational reation blog titled GetGoingNC. respectively. Most entries are short: a tone. Information of particular inter- Backpacking North Carolina includes paragraph or two outlining the place, est to tourists—like the difficulty of a wealth of general information about its physical location, and the origins hiking at Tusquitee Bald and the loca- backpacking and trails, such as plan- of its name. However, some descrip- tion of picnicking at Stecoah Gap—is ning a trip, what essentials to pack, tions stretch to several pages and present throughout the book. In and what organizations maintain the include more in-depth histories or addition, some entries meander away area (which can mean a great deal in extensive quotes. The fourth section from their main subject. While tan- regards to the maintenance and care of the book is a travel guide, outlin- gential remarks about Blackbeard and of the trails). This guidebook is well ing ten driving trips. Many are scenic trivia about the University of South organized and easy to comprehend, treks through the mountains, but the Carolina mascot make for interesting containing maps, black and white longest is a journey on the Pamlico travel reading, they also distract from photos of wilderness areas, a resource Scenic Byway and through the Outer the main focus. list of additional information on hik- Banks. Native North Carolina is not rec- ing and backpacking, and an index. The book is illustrated with a series ommended for school libraries or as The guidebook is arranged into of black and white photographs that an authoritative reference resource, two main sections: a short section of are meant to “entice” readers to visit but is recommended for the travel or preliminary advice and then a longer the pictured locations. However, North Carolina sections of public or section on the trips themselves. The none of the photos have captions academic libraries. first section includes an introduction, and it may be difficult for readers to advice on how to use the book, a locate the vistas that are shown. Also Jennifer McElroy backpack checklist, best trips by cat- conspicuously absent are any illustra- Minnesota Historical Society Library egory, and additional resources. The tive maps, a serious shortcoming in trip section of the book is arranged any book about places and travel. by geographic location and then bro- The book’s end materials include ken down further into more specific an appendix, a bibliography, and an regions, then by trail or park name. index. The appendix listing other The introduction to the book American places with indigenous ori- is a must-read because in it Miller gins is interesting, but an overview of provides useful information about North Carolina’s indigenous groups backpacking in North Carolina, and their history would have pro- weather, planning ahead, hunting, vided welcome context for the place backpacking gear, and the history entries. The bibliography includes of backpacking. The purpose of this classic sources like William Powell’s Backpacking North Carolina: section is to introduce the beginner North Carolina Gazetteer and James The Definitive Guide to 43 Can’t– to backpacking and also to provide Mooney’s Myths of the Cherokee, but Miss Trips from Mountains to Sea essential reminders for experienced it also lists several less authoritative By Joe Miller. backpackers. As Miller states, “Forget books and Web sites. Readers will Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011. what you may have heard about 238 pp. $45.00 ISBN 978-0-8078-3455-8 (cloth); find the index particularly helpful in $20.00 ISBN 978-0-8078-7183-6 (paper) backpacking, about carrying 40 finding information about sites with pounds on your back for 20 miles shared names or about places that are a day, about developing blisters on described within the entries for other f you’re looking for a guidebook top of blisters, about getting caught locations. Iabout backpacking in North in a downpour and staying wet for At first glance, the format of Native Carolina that is friendly to begin- days on end, and about bad camp North Carolina makes it seem like a ners, Joe Miller’s Backpacking North coffee first thing in the morning. reference book. However, it is much Carolina is a great resource. Not only Backpacking isn’t about enduring, it’s more successful as a casual travel book is Miller an experienced hiker and about enjoying.” The “Best Trips by than it is as a researcher’s resource. It backpacker, he is also the author of Category” section has an excellent list

38 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 that breaks trips into categories such Although the author follows a mostly as beginner, family, fishing, waterfalls, chronological retelling of the events winter, and—important for some leading up to the Battle of Alamance, adventurers—escaping other people. she pauses in Chapter 3, “A Century’s This helps readers narrow their focus Legacy: Dissenter Religious Culture to particular types of backpacking as a Carrier of Political Expectations,” adventures. In addition, the author to analyze the religious makeup— gives his advice on subjects such as predominantly Baptist, Methodist, hiking at night, filtering water, going Presbyterian, and Quaker—of the solo, and surviving the fourteen-hour Farming Dissenters: areas where the protest movement night. The Regulator Movement in was most active. Troxler provides The bulk of the guidebook is a sec- Piedmont North Carolina background information on the By Carole Watterson Troxler. tion titled “The Trips.” It is arranged Raleigh: Office of Archives and History, North Carolina development of these denominations by geographic area and it includes Department of Cultural Resources, 2011. in Europe and North America and 221 pp. $15.00. ISBN 978-0-86526-350-5. Blue Ridge Escarpment/North, Blue argues that the methodology used and Ridge Escarpment/South, Great beliefs held by dissenting religious Smoky Mountains; Appalachian Trail, any North Carolinians have factions were very similar to those Southern Mountains, Joyce Kilmer- Mseen the Regulator Movement employed by Regulators and those Slickrock Wilderness, Piedmont, and the resulting Battle of Alamance who sympathized with their cause. and Coast. Within each geographic as the beginning of the American In the final chapters Troxler takes the area Miller supplies essential infor- Revolution. Although that belief story through and a little beyond the mation about trails, campsites, and has been discredited, the uprising American Revolution, showing how wilderness areas. Miller offers use- continues to pique the interest of both Loyalists and Patriots sought ful commentary about the difficulty scholars and the general public alike. to woo former Regulators to their rating for each hike, sights and trail In Farming Dissenters: The Regulator side. In what may be a surprising markers, and the best time of year to Movement in Piedmont North twist, many of those who had been visit the area. Each section includes Carolina, Carole Watterson Troxler’s involved in the uprisings remained a map and a one-page summary that in-depth examination of the back- loyal to the Crown, though some, of has all the vital information needed country protest movement, we find course, became involved in the early for that specific backpacking trip, a welcome addition to the Regulator Revolutionary state government. giving readers a quick reference for all bibliography. Farming Dissenters has an inter- the information they need for a suc- Troxler’s work begins several esting selection of images, including cessful trip. decades before the movement’s bet- original documents from the North Whether you are a novice or an ter known events of the 1760s and Carolina State Archives, portraits, experienced backpacker, Miller’s 1770s. In the first chapter Troxler and a few maps. There is a brief book is an essential resource. Miller looks at the “geographic imbalance introduction, adapted from the has written the book with both of power” in colonial government “Alamance Battlefield” section of the native North Carolinians and visi- and identifies this as one of the North Carolina Historic Sites Web tors in mind. I would recommend major sources of conflict between site, and two appendices. The first this book for any public library, or the competing factions. The colonial appendix lists the names of individu- any library that has a collection of legislature and other apparatuses of als who may have been Regulators, North Carolina-related books. The governmental power were controlled sympathizers, or at least signers of guidebook serves not only as a practi- by Eastern elites, causing political and petitions that supported Regulator cal guide to backpacking, but also as financial difficulty for settlers in what causes. Genealogists may find this an inspiration to explore the natural was then the backcountry of North list of names useful, at least as an areas of North Carolina. Carolina. This system, combined indicator of an individual being in a with problems caused by land spec- specific place and time period. The Katie Nash ulation, a poorly functioning land second appendix is a bibliographic Elon University grant office, and rampant corrup- essay examining historians’ treatment tion, led to mounting dissatisfaction. of the Regulator Movement; it also

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 39 includes a list of influential works on NC State Basketball: 100 Years accompany the essays, but only two the topic. An expansive list of sources of Innovation is divided into five photographs have captions and none and a suitable index complete the chapters with titles such as “A Case have any source information. book. Study,” “Continuing Case’s Dream,” Both authors, Tim Peeler and This book will be a valuable addi- and “Miracle.” The essays within each Roger Winstead, are alumni and life- tion to libraries across the state, chapter highlight a historical event or long fans of North Carolina State especially school and college librar- person and provide a chronological basketball. Peeler is the managing ies where colonial United States and history of NCSU basketball starting editor of the GoPack.com Web site, North Carolina history are taught. from when Everett Case first intro- and has authored two books: Legends The narrative, when used in con- duced basketball to the South and of NC State Basketball and When junction with previous documentary leading up to capturing two national March Went Mad: A Celebration treatments of the subject, is invalu- championships, seventeen conference of NC State’s 1982-1983 National able for fully understanding the championships, and making college Championship. Winstead is an award- sometimes complicated events and basketball fans everywhere take note winning photojournalist, Pulitzer numerous actors involved in the that the Atlantic Coast Conference is Prize nominee, and NCSU’s Director Regulator Movement. a force to be reckoned with. Some of of Photography. North Carolina State’s most distin- NC State Basketball: 100 Years of Jason E. Tomberlin guished players, from Ronnie Shavlik Innovation provides a fascinating his- University of North Carolina and David Thompson to Sidney Lowe tory of North Carolina sports, and and Julius Hodge, are featured. The would appeal to college basketball book also includes the coaches who fans everywhere. It is recommended put NCSU on the college basket- for all libraries. ball map from Everett Case to Norm Sloan, Jim Valvano, Herb Sendek, Suvanida Duangudom and Sidney Lowe. Other essays Wake Technical Community College chronicle the history behind the ven- ues from Thompson Gymnasium to Reynolds Coliseum, and finally to the RBC Center. The changing venues are signs of the growing popularity of NC State Basketball: college basketball in the South. 100 Years of Innovation Sidney Lowe, a former North By Tim Peeler, and Roger Winstead. Raleigh: NC State University Athletics Department, 2010. Carolina State point guard and 245 pp. $30.00. ISBN 978-0-8078-3447-3. (Copies of this (at the time of the book’s publica- publication may be ordered from the UNC Press web site (www.uncpress.unc.edu) or by calling Longleaf Services tion) head coach, wrote the book’s The Battle for North at 800-848-6224.) foreword. He includes his fondest Carolina’s Coast: Evolutionary memories of playing and coaching History, Present Crisis, and for a school that pioneered many Vision for the Future n today’s world of college basket- of the rules and traditions that still By Stanley R. Riggs, Dorothea V. Ames, Stephen J. Culver, and David J. Mallison. Iball, the Atlantic Coast Conference exist today, such as player introduc- Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011. (ACC), comprised of twelve teams, is tions, alley oops, the ten-second time 142 pp. $25.00. ISBN978-0-8078-3486-2. one of the strongest and most com- line, basketball camps, the electronic petitive leagues in the nation. Prior time clock, big-time recruiting, post- to becoming the league to beat, season tournaments, in-game music, he North Carolina coast and its the road to greatness was paved by cutting down the nets, and the use Tbarrier islands are some of the one school, North Carolina State of scouting films. The book con- state’s most treasured and celebrated University (NCSU), which fought to tains a preface, acknowledgments, natural resources. Their stunning bring the game of basketball to a state and epilogue; however an index and beauty and biological diversity draw previously dominated by football and a bibliography are noticeably miss- millions of visitors to the state who baseball fans. ing. There are 230 photographs that infuse local economies with billions

40 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 of dollars and help make North areas. The authors provide specific newsletter of the North Carolina Carolina the nation’s sixth most vis- examples of how to maintain the Cooperative Extension Service ited state. In their book The Battle for area’s tourist economy while mak- founded and edited by Leah Chester- North Carolina’s Coast: Evolutionary ing informed and effective decisions Davis. The advice of experts is always History, Present Crisis, and Vision for on how to govern development. All an attraction, and this book contains the Future, Stanley Riggs and his co- of this is expressed in a manner that, the advice of many gardening experts. authors contend that these coastal though technical, is still accessible to Even better, they are all North areas are in jeopardy and that there the casual reader. Carolinians. The list of extension needs to be a shift in how coastal The text is accompanied by a agent authors contains many famil- development and preservation take myriad of images, maps, and graphs iar names, starting with Toby Bost place to ensure their continued health that help to illustrate the sometimes himself, who is both co-editor and an and value. complex issues that are discussed. author of several essays. All the authors are faculty in the Also included are detailed footnotes, The editors have arranged the Department of Geological Sciences a rich bibliography, and a deep index articles in useful sections, grouped at East Carolina University. Riggs that ultimately increase the utility of broadly by subject. My favorite is is Distinguished Research Professor the work. Riggs and his colleagues chapter two, “70 Top Plant Choices.” and Harriot College Distinguished have produced a superior study that What a treasure trove it is! The chap- Professor; Dorothea V. Ames is should remain timely and valuable ter is divided into two parts, “Annuals research instructor; Stephen J. Culver for years to come. It should be read and Perennials” and “Woody Plants,” is Harriot College Distinguished by anyone who has an interest in the and includes plants from agave to Professor and chair; and David J. interplay between man and nature ferns. There are some of my recently Mallinson is associate professor. Their and the necessity of being good stew- discovered favorites, such as helle- expert credentials are unimpeachable, ards for the areas in which we live and bores, as well as plants I have never and their scholarship, experience play. considered. I have always been with coastal issues, and passion for This work is suitable for advanced intrigued by rain lilies, but have shied the subject are reflected in this work. readers and is recommended for both away from them. Now I will plant The book gives readers a broad public and academic libraries. some. Water lilies seem more nearly understanding of the geomorpho- possible after reading The Successful logic history of the coast and of the Matthew Reynolds Gardener Guide. issues associated with development, East Carolina University The experts discuss lawns, trees, sea level rise, and weather effects. perennials, pests, landscapes, vegeta- The authors point out that North bles and regional gardening (in North Carolina’s barrier islands are in a state Carolina, of course). They also answer of constant change, their topography questions and bring “hot” new plants affected by storms, climate change, to our attention. The section on new and other coastal processes. They also plants in local nurseries is wonder- discuss the nature of development in fully up-to-date. these areas and how it interplays with This book is current in its infor- coastal change. They contend that the mation, but there are many features current intensity of this development of timeless value. There are also beau- cannot be sustained and that current tiful and inspiring color photographs engineering practices not only can- The Successful scattered throughout. Because the not stem the changes brought on by Gardener Guide, North Carolina articles are written by a number of By Leah Chester-Davis, and Toby Bost, eds. natural processes, but can actually Winston-Salem, N.C. : John F. Blair, 2011. 218 pp. agents, you will find various points of $19.95. ISBN 978-0-89587-515-0 and exacerbate the problems associated 978-0-89587-515-7 (ebook). view, always a useful thing. Different with them. They argue that a funda- authors may stress different aspects of mental shift in how we think about a subject, but each author includes and interact with the coastal areas is his gardening guide is a compi- the design and cultural basics because essential in order to foster the contin- Tlation of articles from ten years the essays were originally written as ued health and utility of our coastal of Extension’s Successful Gardener, a standalone articles.

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 41 The book contains a list of county geography of the coast like some swamps, or towns of the North extension agencies and two indices— of the slow, deep coastal rivers it Carolina coast. The Coasts of Carolina a plant index and a general index. describes. Simpson touches on many is recommended for all types of These indices broaden the usefulness aspects of coastal life: nature, fishing libraries. of the book quite a bit. For instance, (commercial and recreational), small there is information on lawns in sev- towns, and seasonal changes. The Shannon Tennant eral sections and the indices will lead stories from Simpson’s family history Elon University you to all of the references. are particularly fascinating. Taylor’s This book will be useful to begin- photographs echo the scope of the ning gardeners, gardeners new to writing. The grand and famous are North Carolina, and seasoned gar- juxtaposed with the humble. Images deners as well, because we all like of Cape Lookout Lighthouse and to keep current on useful new tech- Tryon Palace are set alongside those niques and new plants for our region. of fishing cabins and boat-building. This book does that and more. One of the strengths of the book is the attention paid to the quiet waters Nancy R. Frazier off tourists’ radar and to ordinary University of North Carolina at people going about their daily busi- Chapel Hill(retired) ness of making a living from the sea. Declarations of Dependence: The authors’ love for the coastal envi- The Long Reconstruction of ronment is evident on every page. Popular Politics in the South, There could be no better guides 1861-1908 By Gregory P. Downs. for the reader’s journey. The authors Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011. have spent many decades exploring 346 pp. $39.95. ISBN 978-0-8078-3444-2. the Carolina coast. Bland Simpson is well-known as an English profes- sor, musician, and writer. He grew hat can be written about up in Elizabeth City, and his family Wthe Civil War or the has deep ties to many places in east- Reconstruction period in the The Coasts of Carolina: Seaside ern North Carolina, some of which United States that has not yet been and Sound Country By Bland Simpson and Scott Taylor. are explored in the book. Scott Taylor researched or analyzed? According to Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010. is a successful photographer based in OCLC, there are nearly 300 books 140 pp. $30.00. ISBN 978-0-078-3439-8. Beaufort, North Carolina. about Reconstruction in North Any criticisms are minor and do Carolina alone! Gregory Downs, not detract from the enjoyment of assistant professor of history at the he greatest challenge in reading the work. Although Simpson’s essays City College of New York, has pub- Tthis book is to resist the temp- are interspersed with a few pictures lished an altogether timely, unique, tation to jump in the car and head and some of Taylor’s images have and well-researched study of North east as quickly as possible. The Coasts descriptive captions, the book feels Carolina politics from the end of the of Carolina is a beautiful, evocative somewhat too bisected into a text Civil War until the early twentieth tribute to one of our state’s most trea- half and a photography half. More century. Downs’s book is based on his sured regions. integration would have strengthened doctoral thesis from the University of The book combines text by Bland the whole. Some of the text has been Pennsylvania. It is his first scholarly Simpson with photographs by Scott previously published in magazines. A work of history; his short story col- Taylor. The essays are arranged chron- map of eastern North Carolina would lection, Spit Bath, won the Flannery ologically and describe Simpson’s have been a useful reference for those O’Connor Award for Short Fiction in experiences in different areas of the readers less familiar with the geogra- 2006. coast. However, they do not read phy of the region. The book contains seven chap- like trip logs. Simpson’s beautiful This book would make a wonder- ters plus an introduction and a prose flows through the history and ful gift for any fan of the beaches, coda. During Reconstruction, North

42 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 Carolinians pleaded desperately living in the post-Civil War era to here are also mined for the locality in for food, money, and protection support this analysis. This book is an which they were set. from both the state and federal gov- outstanding work of great detail that The publishers have done their ernments, creating a politics of will likely influence social and politi- usual fine job in including maps dependence that Downs calls patro- cal historians and students for years and pictures, indeed, many more nalism. Downs traces the interplay to come. It is recommended for aca- illustrations than one might expect of Confederate ideals, slavery and demic and large public libraries. in this direful days of print. All the freedom, religion, gender, White expected subjects, agriculture, edu- Supremacy, and money during the Audra Eagle Yun cation, politics, social class, war, are period as he chronicles citizens’ writ- Wake Forest University covered. Librarians will be delighted ten appeals to politicians. Downs that note is taken of the public library presents these appeals as part of the in Watson’s pages. Transportation, so growing vernacular of politics that important in this land split by water- developed in the South after the Civil ways, receives considerable attention War, a style of politics that revolved although the story of the last couple around personalizing distant politi- decades is rather, perhaps inevitably, cians and sustaining the illusion that sketchy. Public and academic librar- these politicians were heroes, advo- ies will want to add this volume and cates, even friends. Downs defines many high school libraries consider it this Reconstruction as the recon- depending on their location. struction of authority, where people’s Tyrrell County: A Brief History expectations of the new and develop- By Alan D. Watson. Patrick M. Valentine Raleigh: Office of Archives and History, North Carolina ing government were rooted in their Department of Cultural Resources, 2010. East Carolina University dependence upon it. He argues that 244 pp. $15.00, paperback. ISBN 0-86526-347-7. the people began to expect the gov- ernment to fulfill their needs. Downs lan Watson has written another draws from an extraordinary wealth Auseful county history, his fifth of primary source materials, particu- in the Department of Cultural larly letters and newspapers, as well Resources “Brief History” series, as political cartoons, to demonstrate although at 214 pages of text and the nature of popular politics of the notes, it is not as concise as some time. The author’s extensive notes, earlier titles. Dr. Watson, a master of bibliography, and index, as well as colonial and early Carolina history, illustrations and photographs, pro- follows the documentary evidence 27 Views of Chapel Hill: vide an impressive authority to his closely but also brings the story for- A Southern University Town in thesis. ward to the present. Tyrrell County, Prose & Poetry By Daniel Wallace Downs’s purpose in writing once including Washington County Hillsborough, NC: Eno Publishers, 2011. Declarations of Dependence appears to and much of Martin and Dare 235 pp. $16.50. 978-0-9820771-91. be to reframe Southern politics. His counties too, has been throughout thesis is rooted in the idea that peo- its history a place with “a scattered ple depend upon government to help populace, difficult transportation, or me 27 Views of Chapel Hill them meet basic human needs. He and a lack of urbanization [which] Fconjures up two very distinct cites fundamental American concepts hampered social interaction.” (73). memories: the irreplaceable Intimate such as autonomy and independence Nonetheless, under Watson’s careful Bookshop with its creaky wooden as constructs, easily forgotten in times hand, the story of this swampy land floor, and the band of young adults of emergency and in moments of crisis on the Atlantic comes alive with often with their black clothing, rain- from floods to recessions to the chaos striking detail. One benefit for the bow-hued hair, and skateboards of Reconstruction North Carolina. historian are the extensive Pettigrew who claimed the area in front of Downs uses the letters and pleas of family papers which have been used the Franklin Street Post Office as poor or discriminated Americans so often for antebellum history but their own. Both memories make

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 43 me wistful for my graduate school Michael McFee, Bland Simpson, days. In 27 Views of Chapel Hill: A D.G. Martin, and Marcie Cohen Southern University Town in Prose Ferris in a “Place Apart” attempt to & Poetry, Eno Publishers’ follow-up define the uniqueness of Chapel Hill to the award-winning 27 Views of with writings on such topics as Battle Hillsborough, twenty-nine authors Park and the beautiful private garden explore their memories, impressions, on Gimghoul Road with its “The and connections to this distinctive Garden is Open” call to all visitors. North Carolina town. As Daniel “Views from Before” appeals to the Wallace writes in his lighthearted history buff in all of us with writings Touring the Carolinas’ Civil War Sites introduction, Chapel Hill “has, over by William Leuchtenburg, David By Clint Johnson. 2nd ed. the years, become the home of more Brown, Charles Thompson, Karen Winston-Salem, NC: John F. Blair, 2011. writers than any other single town in Parker, and Will McInerney. The 360pp. $19.95. ISBN 978-0-89587-403-0. the world.” Although he has no data essays by Thompson and Parker on to bolster this claim, this collection the turbulent civil rights years are par- iven the importance of history, highlights the deep connections that ticularly heart-wrenching. In the last Gan accurate, “reader-friendly” many illustrious authors have to this section, Elizabeth Spencer, Lawrence book that details the history of the university town. Naumoff, and Daphne Athas present Civil War is a gift to readers who want The prose and poetry are organized three “Views in Fiction.” Of partic- to learn more than they studied of the in thematic sections. The first section, ular interest to librarians is Athas’s war in school. Clint Johnson, who “Fans & Friends,” contains reflec- “The Library” from Entering Ephesus wrote this second edition of Touring tions by Wells Tower, Jock Lauterer, with one of the characters speak- the Carolinas’ Civil War Sites, believes Linnie Greene, Harry Amana, and ing no truer words than “the library that the American South must honor Will Blythe on such diverse topics as is the focal point of the university.” and celebrate the heritage of our James Taylor, the vibrant local music The collection is punctuated by Nic ancestors. He has accomplished this scene, and the UNC-Chapel Hill’s Brown’s “A Love Letter,” written as he by providing readers with a book they men’s and women’s basketball teams. and his family depart Chapel Hill for would want to read until the end. The intense UNC-Chapel and Duke Colorado. The book is divided into twenty- rivalry is not overlooked as Blythe Daniel Wallace remarks in his one tours or battles of the Civil War writes in his hilarious essay that “rais- introduction, “So many wonderful which took place in North or South ing his children in the International writers live here, it’s impossible to fit Carolina. In the second edition, Brotherhood of Duke Haters was the them all in one volume. To do that, Johnson has reversed the order of the natural and one of the most enjoyable Eno Publishers would have to change tours because the Civil War began aspects of my father’s master plan.” In the title to 27,000 Views of Chapel in South Carolina, while the surren- “Friends & Neighborhoods,” Erica Hill. Because everybody has their der of General Joseph Johnston in Eisdorfer, Samia Serageldin, Mildred own view, every writer, every reader. North Carolina ended the war in the Council, Moreton Neal, and Jim Here are a few of them. Enjoy.” You Carolinas. For each tour, the book Seay explore the varied meanings of absolutely should heed his call and contains numerous photos of homes, community. The section ends with savor this wonderful collection and monuments, forts, war munitions, Seay’s poignant piece about his son rejoice in the fact that there are publi- etc. Also, the reader can refer to road Josh. “Street Scenes” takes the reader cation plans for 27 Views of Durham maps and historical markers to locate on a tour of Chapel Hill with pieces and 27 Views of Asheville. This book places to visit. Following a detailed by Paul Cuadros, Alan Shapiro, Sy is recommended for all academic and history of each tour, readers will find Safransky, Paul Jones, Bill Smith, public libraries. tips for touring each site. After visit- and CJ Suitt on such diverse topics ing the Custom House in Charleston, as the Latino/Latina cooks working Kelley Lawton S.C., for example, readers can shop in Franklin Street restaurants, the Duke University “the market” where women (descen- Community Bookstore, and the per- dants of slaves) skillfully make grass fect spot to gather honeysuckle and baskets and keep alive a craft origi- blackberries. nating from Africa. The account of

44 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 Robert Smalls, a young slave, is told as the two major parties struggled to including anecdotal information one realign themselves in response to the may not find in most history books. growing labor, temperance, populist, Smalls secretly commandeered the and progressive movements. Beckel Planter, a shallow draft boat used by presents the tensions between ideals the Confederate army, and delivered and political expediency that esca- it into the hands of the Union army. lated due to sectional, racial, and The author provides exact directions economic differences. The influence as readers leave one site and travel of race and class on numerous issues, to another following an organized Radical Reform: Interracial including jury service, public schools, route. Historical events are pre- Politics in Post-Emancipation fence laws, labor unions, alcohol pro- sented in touring fashion which also North Carolina hibition, and tax reform, is explored. includes modern day places, such as By Beckel, Deborah. She demonstrates the significant Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2011. the Riverbanks Zoological Park in 296 pp. $45.00. ISBN 978-0-8139-3002-2. role that partisan newspapers, labor Columbia, South Carolina. In the unions, church organizations and park, visitors will find the ruins of a ministers, women’s temperance soci- pre-Civil War cotton cloth mill; from eborah Beckel deftly explores eties, and business leaders had during the mill, the Union army shelled the Dthe racial politics in North the period. Capitol Building. Carolina during the forty years fol- The race-based fear and hatred The author read comprehen- lowing the Civil War in Radical that were used effectively to moti- sive histories for North and South Reform: Interracial Politics in Post- vate the base of the Democratic Party Carolina and pulled together factual Emancipation North Carolina. Part of of the late 1800s are made palpable information to present a well written University of Virginia Press’ notable through numerous quotations from work. Johnson sought the assistance American South Series, the book newspapers and archival collections. of chambers of commerce and his- is a detailed scholarly monograph Beckel recounts how the Ku Klux torical societies to discover additional expanded from Beckel’s 1998 Emory Klan and other white supremacists information for this book. These University dissertation. used violence to intimidate and pun- organizations and others are listed by Beckel places the era into an his- ish opponents and how they used state at the end of the book. The book torical context and cites prominent mass voter fraud to defeat some is well indexed. historians to establish the inter- Republican candidates. The con- Readers who enjoy this book pretative framework. As Radical descension and paternalism toward would also enjoy some of Johnson’s Reform proceeds, Beckel advances African Americans expressed by some previous books, Touring Virginia’s her divergent argument that in the in the Republican Party as a means to and West Virginia’s Civil War Sites, years following the Civil War an placate moderate whites within their The 25 Best Civil War Sites, and Civil interracially-led, pro-democratic coalition are presented, as is the fact War Blunders. Johnson, who has also Republican Party grew to significant that relatively few African Americans authored articles in numerous news- power in North Carolina by creating were appointed to government posts papers and magazines on topics in a coalition across race and class lines after Republican electoral wins. As the business, history, and travel, lives in that predated the Populist Fusion of result of persecution, high unemploy- Ashe County, North Carolina. the 1890s. ment, and later disenfranchisement, Touring the Carolinas’ Civil War She cogently demonstrates that African American emigration from Sites is highly recommended for interracial leadership and support the state soared. middle school students up through allowed state Republicans to win elec- Well-written and engaging, college and university students. tions and to pursue their legislative Radical Reform provides a timely Public libraries would also find this agendas with some success. Thorough historical prism that we may use to title to be valuable to their patrons. coverage is given to the political understand better both our past and machinations of both the Republican present, but it is not a popular history Vicki Miller Party and the Conservative Party text; it is a solid academic monograph Winston Salem State University (later the Democratic Party). Third most appropriate for college and uni- parties are described as having formed versity libraries. With nearly a quarter

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 45 of its length devoted to annotated historical pictures. Political, mari- moderately technical, but good orga- endnotes and bibliography, future time, and local history are woven nization helps make it accessible to a researchers will find it to be a fertile together to tell the tales of our coastal broad audience. Wonderful illustra- guide to their studies. Public libraries lights. Together the discussions and tions broaden the appeal. This book and high school libraries with patron illustrations guide the reader through is appropriate for high school, com- interest in scholarly histories of North how the lighthouses came to protect munity college, and undergraduate Carolina or the Reconstruction Era the coastal waterways and the sailors collections interested in an introduc- will also benefit from this acquisition. who travel them. tion to North Carolina’s coastal lights Individual chapters focus on or in coastal and island history as a C. William Gee the Cape Lookout Lighthouse, the whole. Coastal enthusiasts cannot East Carolina University Ocracoke Lighthouse, the Cape help but enjoy this book, and any Hatteras Lighthouse, the Bodie Island reader interested in North Carolina Lighthouse, the Currituck Beach history will learn from reading it. Lighthouse, and the Cape Fear light- houses including Old Baldy. For each Nina Exner major lighthouse there is a timeline North Carolina Agricultural and and information on both lost lights Technical State University and the development of lights that still exist. The authors also discuss affiliated lights, such as beacon lights, lightships and other light-vessels, North Carolina Lighthouses: lesser light towers, river lights, and Stories of History and Hope By Cheryl Shelton-Roberts and Bruce Roberts. range lights connected to each light- Guilford, CT: Globe Pequot Press, 2011. house. The historical timelines for 152 pp. $19.95. ISBN 978-0-7627-7351-0. each lighthouse and the larger time- line of all the lights of North Carolina ighthouses, icons of the North will be especially interesting and use- LCarolina coast, have shone across ful to novice lighthouse afficionados. the Outer Banks for well over two Some technical and engineering evo- Animal Adventures centuries as aids to navigation and lutions are also included, such as the in North Carolina By Jennifer Bean Bower safety in the treacherous shoals. North types of lenses and changes in fuel Winston-Salem: John F. Blair, 2011. Carolina Lighthouses: Stories of History and design. 263 pp. $14.95. ISBN 978-0-89587-382-8. and Hope is a beautifully illustrated Background stories enrich the and informative trip through the book with related coastal history. ost North Carolina residents history of the lighthouses of North Stories of engineers, keepers and Mare familiar with the North Carolina. The authors, established their families, wild horses, and other Carolina Zoo and the three North lighthouse folklorists and co-found- island tales add a personal flavor to Carolina Aquariums, but it may ers of the Outer Banks Lighthouse the narrative. War tales, especially come as a surprise to learn that trek- Society, have produced an overview blockade-running and other engage- king with llamas, howling with red of the major North Carolina light- ments during the Civil War, add wolves, and racing woolly worms are houses that will be helpful to anyone interesting details that help to tie among the animal-related activities interested in an introduction to the the stories of the lighthouses into that are available in our state. These historical evolution of lighthouses. the larger historical context of North and other unusual opportunities are North Carolina Lighthouses is pri- Carolina. Up-to-date information on described in Jennifer Bean Bower’s marily an historical overview of the the current status of each lighthouse, Animal Adventures in North Carolina, lighthouses of our coast. Detailed preservation efforts, and caretakers, a guidebook to seventy tourist attrac- discussions of the history of light- past and present, is included as well. tions in North Carolina that feature house building in North Carolina The writing style and organiza- animals. are accompanied by rich, full-color tion are likely to be accessible to high The sites described in the book illustrations from contemporary and school readers and up. Some parts are include educational institutions such

46 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 as museums, zoos, and aquariums; amount of research she has put into of the Research Triangle in the mid- recreational facilities like amusement this book, makes this an excellent twentieth century, he commences parks and golf courses that feature guidebook that will inform readers 450 million years ago. This seem- llama caddies; commercial facili- about many opportunities that they ing digression becomes a delightful ties such as fish hatcheries and dairy would otherwise have overlooked. pattern that calls to mind Russian farms; and sanctuaries for injured The book is recommended for public nesting dolls. By the time the reader and endangered animals. Bower libraries, as well as libraries that col- has traipsed through the geographic describes each in detail, giving a nar- lect guidebooks about the state. land formation, touched on Native rative of the experience that a visitor American influences, discussed the will have at each site, as well as stan- Michelle Cronquist history of colonial times, and under- dard guidebook information such as University of North Carolina at stood the creation of North Carolina the establishment’s address, contact Chapel Hill cities and counties, business ebbs and information, hours, driving direc- flows, the rise of formal academia, and tions, and the availability of food, the color of politics, Rohe has more gift shops, and other facilities. Bower than met one of his goal to provide puts special emphasis on ways that “a broad understanding of the area.” visitors can get the most out of each Indeed his story of this place through site and gives specific recommenda- time is so detailed and critical to any tions to make a visit more enjoyable, understanding of the region and its such as arranging for a guided tour current challenges that the notion of of a facility, visiting at a certain time reading a similar work missing these of the day or year, or taking advan- historical nuances is frightening. tage of other nearby opportunities. In six chapters, Rohe consistently The geographical organization of the The Research Triangle: demonstrates that the Research book (with sections for the moun- From Tobacco Road to Global Triangle area, while vital, necessary, tains, Piedmont, and coast, each Prominence and well done is now the victim of with a map showing the location of By William H. Rohe. its own success and in danger of seri- each facility) makes it easy for readers Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011. 298 pp. $45.00. ISBN 978-0-8122-4343-7. ous decline if action is not taken to find sites near where they live or soon. The governmental, business, where they will be visiting. The excel- and academic founders who joined lent index has entries for each species ohe may officially be the Cary in a non-traditional public/pri- described in the book, allowing read- RC. Boshamer Distinguished vate alliance chose an atypical park ers who are interested in particular Professor of City and Regional space of low density, large footprint, animals to locate the sites where they Planning and Director of the Center and thick foliage, which met busi- can be found. for Urban and Regional Studies at ness concerns, weathered industry Bower is the author of two previous the University of North Carolina at evolution, gave some protection to books, Moravians in North Carolina Chapel Hill, but at heart he is a his- economic recession, and in general (2006) and Winston & Salem: Tales torian. His new non-fiction work, improved the health and wealth of of Murder, Mystery, and Mayhem The Research Triangle: From Tobacco North Carolina. Now, the torch (2007). In the preface to Animal Road to Global Prominence is part carriers find themselves faced with Adventures, Bower describes her rea- of the University of Pennsylvania a myriad of challenges. Enormous sons for writing the book. In addition Press’s Metropolitan Portraits series population growth, waning water to her personal interest in animals, in which “each volume describes a resources, strict covenants, outdated she hopes that visitors to these sites, North American urban region in zoning laws, “jurisdictional fragmen- especially children, will become more terms of historical experience, spatial tation,” and a lack of overarching connected to the natural world and configuration, culture, and contem- “community leadership” stifle growth aware of their own responsibility for porary issues.” and innovation. The area also needs conserving animals and their habitats. Rohe startled this reader by his to embrace the newer business model Her obvious enthusiasm for her sub- choice of where to begin. Rather than of collaboration and fend off poach- ject matter, as well as the tremendous starting with the actual development ing by national and global recruiters.

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 47 Rohe doesn’t blithely leave the reader the reader the experiences of Moretz’s making and the culture of the craft hanging after reaching the current childhood. in the North Carolina mountains. situation; rather he continues with The book is set in the mountains of Ebel is the author of six previous a professional analysis of the chal- North Carolina between the months books, including The Picture Man lenges and the best options to choose of October and December 1968, and and Waking Ribbon. in order to retain the flavor of the middle child Joanie is eager to learn unique entity known as the Research the traditional craft of wreath mak- Deborah Ashby Triangle. ing from her mother. In the poem Sandhills Community College Statistics and illustrations are “October 1968” Joanie tells us: artfully interspersed and provide additional foundations for Rohe’s Mama says there’s a secret analysis. End notes provide suitable in those green needles - backdrop to the discussion as well as a secret that I’ll figure out excellent beacons for further serious someday. erudition as well as simple enjoy- ment. The multitude of personal Joanie knows that this is not just names included could make the argu- an artistic skill that she must perfect ment for a separate name index. but a skill needed to help provide Rohe’s work would be a welcome the necessities of life for her family. addition to any library, particularly to Through such poems as “Planning, Shadow of a Quarter Moon By Eileen Clymer Schwab. those of the home, public, and aca- Gathering, Learning,” we see Joanie New York: New American Library, 2011. demic persuasions. grow in skill and maturity, from girl 380 pp. $15.00. ISBN 978-0-451-23328-8. into an intuitive young woman. In the Beth L. Rowe short but powerful poem “Sacrifice,” wenty-two year old Jacy Lane— University of North Carolina at a more observant Joanie sees: Tdaughter of a compassionate Chapel Hill father and a desperate mother—is on But those pretty wreaths the brink of engagement to the lech- don’t happen without a sacrifice erous Garrison Yob. Jacy’s rejection of two or three layers of skin of Garrison and her growing attrac- off Mama’s hands. tion to Rafe, a slave entrusted with the care and training of the horses of During poems covering the time- Great Meadow farm, leadto a soul- span of three months, Ebel presents searing revelation from her mother a complete picture of family. It is a Claudia that sets Jacy on a flight classic story of giving and grow- north with her newly-discovered rela- ing, where hardship is tempered by tives and Rafe. Mama’s Wreaths love and joy. In the final poem “The Great Meadow, the Lane’s horse By Julia Taylor Ebel, with M. Joann Moretz. Wreath,” Joanie proclaims: farm, is located near Elizabeth City. Vilas, N.C.: Canterbury House Publishing, 2011. Set in 1839, Schwab’s novel viv- 64 pp. $10.95. ISBN 978-0-9829054-3-2. I think how my wreath idly depicts life on a farm which is singing “Joy to the World” employs slave labor on a very dif- ike Christmas, Mama’s Wreaths is just as Mama’s wreaths are doing ferent scale than the plantations of Labout giving and love. Based upon That’s a lot of joy, the Deep South, but it is the nearby the childhood memories of Ebel’s col- Joy to the World. Dismal Swamp that steals the show. laborator, Joan Moretz of Watauga The swamp straddles the North County, this collection of simple nar- Mama’s Wreaths is classified as Carolina-Virginia line and symbol- rative poems is carefully crafted with juvenile fiction but is a story suit- izes Jacy’s crossing over from one life the recurring imagery of evergreens able for families to share or classroom into another. The swamp oppresses and a mother’s hands. These images, discussion. The book containsbut also protects and nurtures, and in vivid sensory shorthand, evoke for supplemental materials on wreath the obstacles that Jacy overcomes

48 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 there strengthen her convictions public libraries, academic libraries fishing, Inshore fishing, and last, but and her self-identity. Philadelphia, which carry collections of contempo- not least, Reef, Ledge and Wreck fish- New Jersey, and Pennsylvania as seen rary fiction, motivated young adult ing. The North Carolina coast, with through her eyes provide the reader readers, and any reader who would its Outer Banks and the Pamlico with an illuminating view of the prej- like to share a compelling journey Sound, offers all of these types. udices and difficulties experienced by along the Underground Railroad. Ulanski, without being too wordy, free people of color even in non-slave details each of these types of fishing. states. Arleen Fields I’m sure that experienced fishermen The characters who help and hinder Methodist University may have at one time or other, tried Jacy on her journey are well-realized, one or all of these types. When I was especially the women. Their histories young, I remember family outings off and motivations are evident, and they the shores of Long Island, NY. It was a wrestle with a complex range of emo- day on the high seas; once you passed tions. Rafe and Garrison, however, through a little spell of seasickness, are painted with less colorful strokes. the rest of the day was pure pleasure. Rafe is tender, resourceful, and attrac- Those were days to remember. tive, but his character lacks depth. In Two chapters are devoted to the a few instances the author attempts to various types of fish that inhabit soften and explain Garrison’s person- these waters and include pictures of ality with some explanatory dialog, fish that are native to these environs. but he remains completely unlikable. Fishing North Carolina’s Sometimes a fish may appear slightly The voices of the characters in Outer Banks: The Complete unattractive, but as the main course the novel ring true in intent but the Guide to More Fish from in your dinner you are able to savor dialogue often causes the otherwise Surf, Pier, Sound, & Ocean the day’s efforts. As a special bonus By Stan Ulanski. fast-paced narrative to stumble. Slave Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2011. the author includes several delicious dialects are employed unevenly, and 198 pp. $20. ISBN 978-0-8078-7207-9. recipes at the end of the book. the English used by Jacy and the anti- Also at the end of the book, slavery sympathizers is often florid Ulanski provides lists of fishing piers, and stilted. When Jacy adopts a foal t has been a good many years since marinas, kayak outfitters, and stores, whose dam died giving birth, she II fished in the Atlantic Ocean, but up and down the coast selling the declares, “Her gut-wrenching loss has this well-illustrated text certainly gear one needs and offering advice not broken her will to survive.” Later whets my appetite to try it once again. on where the best fishing in the area in the story one of the sympathizers It is well known that North Carolina’s exists. Although one might consider urges his charges to move quickly, 175 miles of outer coast offer some of this book almost a text book, it would saying, “We must go now, before the best fishing on the entire Eastern be welcome in any public library sys- the golden glow of sunrise steals our Seaboard. Stan Ulanski discusses the tem. Stan Ulanski is a devoted angler cover.” entire outer coast of North Carolina, and his passion shows through in his Despite moments of weak dialog, as well as the Pamlico Sound which story of fishing the Outer Banks of the plot itself is strong and engaging. separates the Outer Banks from the North Carolina. He is a Professor of The negative characters, for the most mainland. Geology and Environmental Science part, receive a restrained amount of The author seems to touch all the at James Madison University. comeuppance which is nonetheless bases from north to south and east to satisfying. The greater and lasting west. He describes in detail each of Stephen Bank punishment is self-inflicted—caused the ways that a fisherman can land Wake County Public Library by their own actions and prejudices. his catch. There are six main types of In contrast, Jacy takes charge of her fishing. One can fish from the shore own destiny and, by the end of her and this is called “surf fishing.” The journey, is completely transformed. other types are for the most part, self- Shadow of a Quarter Moon, Schwab’s explanatory: they are Pier fishing, second novel, is recommended for Sound (Pamlico) fishing, Offshore

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 49 charming, sometimes poignant, por- think about the biodiversity of the trait of life in Henderson County, region as well as its particular moun- past and present. tains, meadows, balds, wildflowers, Wirtz, previously the author of forests, waterways, and places that the memoir Sorrow Answered, is a were considered sacred by the peoples native Midwesterner who has lived who once lived there. As the book’s in Henderson County since 2002. title suggests, these images feature A frequent customer at the Curb each state in which the Southern Market herself, the author’s enthusi- Appalachians stand, but some of the The Henderson County asm for the old-fashioned crafts and most remarkable photographs come Curb Market: A Blue Ridge baked goods sold at the market, as from the state parks and national for- Heritage since 1924 well as her interest in the personal ests of North Carolina. For example, By Ann Greenleaf Wirtz. the granite surface of Stone Mountain Boone, N.C.: Parkway Publishers, 2010. stories of its vendors, can be infec- 172 pp. $19.95. ISBN 978-1-933251-71-4. tious. However, the specificity of the in Roaring Gap shines like one enor- subject matter limits its appeal for mous plate of glass as it rises above readers outside that immediate area. the trees crowding the plain below. In he Henderson County The book is recommended for librar- an image that pours across two pages, TCurb Market, located in ies in the Henderson County area the rippled shapes of bright autumn Hendersonville, was proposed in and other libraries with extensive col- leaves reflected in the surface of 1922 as a way to make it easier for lections in local history. Fairfield Lake in the Sapphire Valley farmers to sell their produce to con- mimic the short brush strokes found sumers. Until then, farmers went Michelle Cronquist in Impressionist paintings. through the time-consuming process University of North Carolina at Chris Bolgiano’s accompanying of driving into town a few days a week Chapel Hill text is sparse—the longest passages and going door-to-door peddling are no more than a page each—but it their produce, making a centralized provides fascinating details about the market desirable. By 1924, farmers locations highlighted by Valentine’s and local leaders had come together photographs. Early on, readers find to open the Curb Market. More than that a surveyor’s error made before eighty years later, the market is still the Civil War allowed fifty acres of active as a place for consumers to virgin red spruce trees to escape the purchase farm produce, plants, flow- logging that devastated many other ers, baked goods, jams, jellies, canned high elevation mountain ridges in goods, and crafts. West Virginia. In the preface to the In her book on the Curb Market, Southern Appalachian chapter “Thinking like a Forest,” Ann Greenleaf Wirtz tells the history Celebration: In Praise of Ancient readers learn that the largest rem- of the market and seeks to demon- Mountains, Old-Growth Forests, nant of original forest in eastern strate what makes it so meaningful & Wilderness North America lies within 100,000 By James Valentine, with text by Chris Bolgiano. to those who work and shop there. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011. acres of the Great Smoky Mountain The history of the market, covered 136 pp. $35.00. ISBN: 978-0-8078-3514-2. National Park, which straddles the in the first few chapters, is based on border between Tennessee and North contemporary newspaper accounts. hotographer James Valentine, Carolina. Closer to the book’s end, Each of the remaining chapters, Pwho has captured images of readers discover that hundreds of based on interviews, profiles one of the natural wonders of southeast- Cherokees escaped the Trail of Tears the vendors at the market. Most of ern United States for the past forty by hiding on Clingman’s Dome in the vendors have been working at the years, now focuses his attention on what is now the same national park. market for decades and often have a the original forests of the Southern Photographers will also enjoy reading family tradition of selling at the Curb Appalachian Mountains. Readers through Valentine’s acknowledge- Market going back to its earliest days. perusing the photographs in this ments, as he describes the vintage Their stories provide a sometimes oversized book are encouraged to cameras, lenses, and other equipment

50 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 used to produce the images of such in circumstances to realize what actu- Tia. After a short time in Florida, he flowers as the Carolina lily, Oconee ally “fills your heart with joy.” gets into a routine with his mother bell, yellow lady slipper, and flame Fifteen year old Julian has to come but misses his home in Greensboro, azalea in the chapter “Thinking like to grips with his mother’s leaving North Carolina. Now, he has to a Wildflower.” him and his father to run her family’s make a decision to either stay with The broad appeal of nature pho- motel in Florida. Hoping that this is his mother or go back with his father. tography makes Southern Appalachian a temporary separation, Julian takes Heart with Joy is an uplifting com- Celebration an excellent choice for on the responsibilities of cooking and ing-of-age novel that shows that there public and academic libraries alike. cleaning the house while his father are many different ways to develop This book would also be a use- works as a nurse in the local hospital. your passion and to follow your heart. ful addition to libraries with strong Since he has never been very close to It also shows that a family is not nec- collections in the ecology and bio- his father, Julian plans to live with his essarily a father and mother living diversity of the southeastern United mother after the school year ends. together. Family can be described in States. Julian befriends an elderly neigh- many different ways. bor, Mrs. Peters, and starts helping Heart with Joy is very enjoy- Nicole Robertson her with her bird feeders. Through able and highly recommended. This Vance-Granville Community College this friendship, Julian begins to real- heartwarming novel gives you a new ize that everyone is passionate about perspective on coming of age. The something and that Mrs. Peters’ pas- plot line and characters are believ- sion is bird watching. Mrs. Peters able. Steve Cushman develops his helps Julian to see a better side of his characters very well and gives them father and when dad begins training life. Julian is a delightful charac- for a marathon, Julian starts training ter that left this reader hoping for a with him, causing them to develop a sequel. Although a young adult book, much closer relationship. probably for early teens, Heart with Every week, Julian and his father Joy is a good read for adults as well. go to the grocery store where Julian Steve Cushman has written a previ- Heart with Joy befriends Tia, a girl who shares his ous book, Portisville, and a book of By Steve Cushman. love of cooking. As Tia and Julian short stories entitled Fracture City. I Vilas, N.C.: Canterbury House Publishing, 2010. 182 pp. experience love, his parents continue highly recommend Heart with Joy for $14.95. ISBN 978-0-9825396-3-7. to drift farther apart. Julian and his teen readers under the age of fifteen father come up with a unique way of and for adults who have teens. hat fills your heart with letting his mother know that she is “Wjoy?” This simple ques- missed and that they would like her Judi Bugniazet tion is the main theme of this book. to come back home. Perquimans County Library Everyone has a passion, be it bird By the time school ends, Julian watching, cooking, or throwing pots. has a very good relationship with his Sometimes it takes years and changes father, and a budding romance with

NCLA North Carolina Library A ociation

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 51 Wired to the World

Ralph Scott

Murfie

o you have a large number disks with other Murfie members, If you download one of your CDs, of audio compact disks that usually for around three dollars each. you can’t trade or sell it for thirty you would like to have avail- New albums can be purchased on a days. Downloading the zip file of ableD on your portable music device? two-to-three dollar discount basis. your CD can take some time, often Are stacks of CDs sitting around in Using Murfie is easy: you just reg- up to an hour, so be patient. There is jewel cases in your closets? A cloud ister, request a box and mailer (they a reward however. You get to remove computing service called Murfie pay the cost of shipping), and box up all the clutter from your house and (www.murfie.com) offers a solution your CD collection. Storage of your at the same time have access to all that will help you de-clutter your disks is free for a year. If you purchase your music when you want it. You life. For $24 a year the Murfie Gold ten items through their service, you can find more information on how Package will rip all of your CDs into get another year’s free storage. Don’t Murfie works on their website. The a variety of formats including those meet their purchase requirement? Murfie blog “dashboard” has addi- used by iPods. There is no limit to the Then for twelve dollars a year, they tional information on the service, number of disks that you can send. will store up to 1000 CDs for you. including how to advertise your CDs Murfie will send you boxes, labels, They offer a 90 day guarantee. If you for sale on Craigslist. Here is a link and tape to box your disks up. Your don’t like the service, they will send to a graphic description of the service music is available to you to listen to you your CDs back. They used to do work flow: https://www.murfie.com/ on the web. If you have a disk you this for free, but now they charge for how_does_murfie_work. no longer want you are free to sell it shipping the disks back to you. There on Murfie. You can also buy or trade are some drawbacks to the system.

Submission requirements for North Carolina Libraries

Eletronic articles can be submitted online at http://www.ncl.ecu.edu

- To submit you must login; if needed you can register using the link in the header. - We use the Chicago Manual of Style (15th edition, 2003). - We have a rolling deadline, articles are juried when received. - Publication of approved articles is in about 3-9 months depending on space available. - For additional information, contact Ralph Scott [email protected].

52 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 * Lagniappe *Lagniappe (lan-yap, lan yap ) n. An extra or unexpected gift or benefit. [Louisiana French] Robert Wolf What Publishers Can Learn From Other Media Business Models

was sitting on my couch watch- larger than my personal library ever ing a streaming movie from my The problem is the was or ever could be, and it costs me Netflix account when it occurred number of resources less, not to mention I don’t have to toI me that I haven’t bought a physical find space for all my movies. copy of a movie in almost five years. available has grown At one time I had been collecting a So what does this selection of movies that I enjoyed on at a rate that is have to do with libraries? the off chance I might want to watch Traditionally, libraries have been con- them again someday. But then a few impossible for libraries cerned with two broad functions. years ago I signed up for Netflix and First, they acquire resources and my movie habits have not been the to keep up with. secondly, they make these resources same since. accessible to their patrons. Now obvi- For those of you not familiar with or Blockbuster Express for new ously this is an oversimplification the Netflix model, the following is a releases. These are kiosks located in of the role of a library but it is still simplified explanation. You choose a high traffic areas where you can rent accurate. The problem is the number plan based on the number of movies new releases for $1.00 for a 24-hour of resources available has grown at a you would like available at any one period, or only a quarter of the price rate that is impossible for libraries to time, usually 1-3. Then you make a of a traditional movie rental. Again, keep up with. According to Bowker, list of titles you’re interested in; as there is no guarantee you will get there were over three million new those titles come available they will the newest release but it’s much less book titles published in 2010, which send them to your house in order of hit-or-miss than Netflix was. Also, is as many or more than most ACRL availability. It’s not a perfect model. unlike with my Netflix account there collections.1 By 2009, there were over If I add a new release to my list I have is no monthly fee. So if I didn’t feel 50 million journal articles published no guarantee I will have it sent to me; like watching any movies this month since 1665, when the first journals more likely they will send one of the I was stuck paying a fee for a service were published, and growing over 1.5 more available, less popular movies I didn’t use. I still subscribe to the million articles per year which give us on my list, but eventually I will get Netflix streaming video plan, which just about 53 million articles by the that new release, albeit it may not be allows me to access a huge catalog of end of 2011.2 With ever decreasing new by the time I get it. Netflix also older movies and television shows on or only marginally increasing library offers a streaming video plan where demand. budgets there is no way a library you pay a small monthly fee to have Between these two services I pay can keep pace with the rate of pub- access to thousands of streaming vid- about $10.00 a month for all my lication. Obviously, even before the eos for older content. entertainment needs, whereas in the digital age, libraries couldn’t purchase In recent years I have dropped past when I was buying movies I every book or journal published, but the DVD delivery part of my would pay on average $15.00 a movie. that was something our patrons were Netflix subscription and have cho- So in the end I have access to a col- more willing to accept. Today patrons sen to use services such as Redbox lection that is an order of magnitude are less forgiving of the holes in our

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 53 collections. There is an expectation neither of which we can continue content and to paying as needed for that everything is digital, cheap, to afford. If budget cuts force me to more recent content. Profits they lose and easily accessible, and why not? drop a big deal package then neither by lowering the price could be made They can get apps for their devices of us wins. Which brings me back to up by a higher volume of smaller for $0.99 and access information Netflix and Redbox: why can’t pub- transactions. Some publishers have 24/7 from almost any location. Why lishers offer us an access-only model begun to move away from this model shouldn’t they be able to access any that is both economical to us and but most have not. They need to look article, ebook, video, etc., at anytime profitable to them? Isn’t it better to at models like Netflix and Redbox from anywhere? have some business with a library which provide cheap access to infor- According to IDC, a market even if on a small scale than none mation and are still highly profitable. intelligence and advisory service, at all? If a publisher package costs This would allow libraries to focus on information storage costs 17% of $20,000 a year for ownership and their core collections while still offer- what it did in 2005.3 Hardware con- I don’t have the funds to purchase ing access to a larger pool of resources. tinues to improve even as prices drop, the package, wouldn’t it make good It is a potential win-win situation for yet libraries have not seen significant business sense to offer an access-only libraries and publishers alike. savings in our digital subscriptions. package at a drastically reduced rate? We continue to pay legacy pricing for This way we both win. I can satisfy References journals and ebooks as if we’re still my user’s information needs and the 1 “Annual Book Production 2010,” getting physical copies and paying publisher gets money from me that Accessed July 5th, 2011, http://www. for the overhead associated with the they would not otherwise see. Why bowkerinfo.com/pubtrack/Annual- printing process. Also, most publish- does it have to be all or nothing? BookProduction2010/ISBN_Out- ers offer what I call the all-or-nothing Why aren’t there many access- put_2002-2010.pdf. model of access. Either you buy own- only subscriptions available outside 2 Arif Jinha (2010). “Article 50 mil- ership to their entire collection at a of aggregator databases? Publishers lion: an estimate of the number discounted rate, of which on average need to find better ways of provid- of scholarly articles in existence.” 80% of the titles you don’t want or ing content at cheaper rates for those Learned Publishing, 23 (3): 258-263. need but it’s still cheaper than buy- of us who only want access: $20- 3 Gantz, John and Reinsel, David ing titles individually, or you don’t $50 for 24-hour access to a journal (2011). Extracting Values from Cha- subscribe at all? Granted we are sav- article is absurd. I don’t care how os. IDC iView. Accessed July 5, 2011 ing hundreds of thousands of dollars prestigious the journal is, it’s too http://www.emc.com/collateral/ through our big deal packages, but do much. Publishers could benefit from analyst-reports/idc-extracting-value- we really need all those titles? We are a Netflix or Redbox model, allowing from-chaos-ar.pdf. being forced to choose between own- libraries to subscribe to their con- ership and inflated temporary access, tent at a low rate for access to older

Looking for help with collection development?

If you want to expand your library’s collection of novels set in North Carolina, you should visit the Read North Carolina Novels blog hosted by the North Carolina Collection at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (http://www.lib. unc.edu/blogs/ncnovels/).

If your interest in North Caroliniana is more general, both the North Carolina Collection at East Carolina University and the North Carolina Collection at UNC-Chapel Hill regularly post lists of new additions to their collections.

The addresses for those sites are: http://www.ecu.edu/cs-lib/ncc/profs.cfm http://www.lib.unc.edu/blogs/ncm/index.php/whats-new-in-the-north-carolina-collection/

54 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 North Carolina Library Association Executive Board, 2011-2012

Officers Community and Junior College Libraries Committee Chairs Penny Sermons President Archives [email protected] Wanda Brown Charlene Johnson [email protected] Government Resources [email protected] Lynda Kellam Vice President/President Elect Conference 2013 [email protected] Dale Cousins Dale Cousins [email protected] Library Administration and Management [email protected] Lorrie Russell Secretary Constitution, Codes and Handbook [email protected] Eleanor Cook Revision [email protected] NC Association of School Librarians Laura B. Davidson Vacant Treasurer [email protected] Mary Sizemore Trustees, Friends, and Advocates Continuing Education [email protected] Carol Walters, Co-Chair Iyanna Sims [email protected] Treasurer-Elect [email protected] M. J. Wilkerson Public Library Endowment [email protected] Pam Jaskot Phil Barton [email protected] Director [email protected] Emily King Reference and Adult Services Finance [email protected] Amy Harris Carol Cramer [email protected] Director [email protected] Cathy Campbell Resources and Technical Services Pay Equity [email protected] Cindy Shirkey Vacant [email protected] ALA Council: American Library Assn. Intellectual Freedom Rodney Lippard Youth Services Elizabeth Skinner [email protected] Mary Kleinfeldt [email protected] [email protected] SELA Representative: Southeast Library Leadership Institute Assn. Michael A. Crumpton Carol Walker Jordan Round Table Chairs [email protected] [email protected] Literacy Membership Editor, NC Libraries Donna Phillips Jennifer Meyer Ralph Scott [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] New Member Nominating Past President Katrina Vernon Sherwin Rice Sherwin Rice [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] NC Library Paraprofessional Association Operations Administrative Assistant (Ex Officio) Jackie Cornette Priscilla Lewis Kim Parrott [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ethnic Minority Concerns Public Policy State Librarian Philip Cherry III Brandy Hamilton Mary Boone [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Special Collections Scholarships Jason Tomberlin Christy Earp Section Chairs [email protected] [email protected] Website Business Librarianship Women Issues in Libraries Joan Sherif Laura K. Wiegand Mary Scanlon [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] College and University Technology and Trends Lisa Williams Keith Engwall [email protected] [email protected]

North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 55 North Carolina Libraries

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The subscription cost to North Carolina Libraries is $50/yr.

All issues are available online free-of-charge at http://www.ncl.ecu.edu.

Back issues are available from the North Carolina Library Association office at 1811 Capital Blvd., Raleigh, NC 27604, for $8 an issue for those years prior to going online in 2002, or $50 for the annual print compilation beginning with Vol. 60 (2002).

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56 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 East Carolina University

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North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012 57 DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY & INFORMATION STUDIES

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The MLIS program prepares people for professional employment in public, academic, and special libraries as well as other careers in information work. The program also offers preparation leading to licensure as a School Library Media Coordinator (076), and Instructional Technology Specialist-Computers (077) through the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction.

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58 North Carolina Libraries Volume 70, Spring / Summer 2012