The American Legion Magazine Is Owned and Published Monthly by the American Legion

THE BODACIOUS AMERICAN LANGUAGE

DR. CATLING'S REMARKABLE MACHINE GUN • SHOULD NATURAL GAS PRICES BE DE-REGULATED?

JUST OFF THE HIGHWAY... ,

A Dramatically Different way Te Leok at tfie world"

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THE AMERICAN

JANUARY 1975 Volume 98t Number 1 National Commander LEGION James M. Wagonseller CHANGE OF ADDRESS JANUARY 1975 Subscribers, please notify Circulation Dept., MAGAZINE P. O. Box 1934, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 using Form 3578 which is available at your local post office. Attach old address label and give old and new addresses with ZIP Code number and current membership card number. Also, notify your Post Adjutant or other officer charged with such responsibilities. Table of Confenfs The American Lepion Mafrazine Editorial & Advertisinfi Offices 1345 Avenue of the Americas New York, New York 10019 JUST OFF THE HIGHWAY Publisher, James F. O'Neil Editor BY ERMA PERRY Robert B. Pitkin Second in a series on things to see if you take diversions while Assistant to Publis/ter John Andreola motoring on main routes. Slanting off of Interstate 85 to F. D. Roosevelt's Art Editor southwest of Atlanta brings you Walter H. Boll Springs, Ga. Little White House at Warm Assistant Editor James S. Swartz Associate Editor Roy Miller SOVIET-AMERICAN Production Manager A PREVIEW OF THE COMING Art Bretzfield SPACE VENTURE 6 Copy Editor BY HARVEY ARDMAN Grail S. Hanford Editoria I Spe cialist A look at the upcoming meeting of Russian and American Irene Christodoulou spacemen in orbit. Circulation Manager Dean B. Nelson Indianapolis, Ind. Advertising Sales Robert Redden Associates, Inc. THE BODACIOUS AMERICAN LANGUAGE 10 P. O. Box 999 G. Teaneck, N.J. 07666 BY MALCOLM POMEROY 201-837-5511 A little fun and a little enlightenment on the growth The American Legion of the American language and the plight of those who Magazine Commission try to protect English from its influence. Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol^ Conn.

( Chairman) : Milford A. Forrester, Green-

ville, S.C. ( Vice Chairman) ; James R. Kel- ley, Radnor, Pa, ( National Commander's Representative) Billy Anderson, Miami, Fla.; SHOULD NATURAL GAS PRICES BE DE-REGULATED?. .14 ; Lang Armst rong, Spokane, H as/t . ; Norman Sides Of National Question Two A Biebel, Belleville, 111.; A

sultant) .

The American Legion Magazine is owned and published monthly by The American Legion. COVER: PHOTOGRAPH OF DRAWING BY ROBERT McCALL COURTESY OF Copyright 1974 by The American Legion. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION. Second class postage paid at Indianapolis, Ind.. 46204 and additional mailing offices. Price: single copy. 20 cents; yearly subscription, $2.00. Direct inquiries regarding circulation to: Circulation Department, P. O. Deparfmenfs Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206.

LETTERS 2 PERSONAL 32 Send editorial and advertising material to: The American Legion Magazine. 1345 Avenue DATELINE WASHINGTON 20 LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS 34 of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019. VETERANS NEWSLEHER 21 LEGION SHOPPER 46 NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION 23 PARTING SHOTS 48 NON-MEMBER SUBSCRIPTIONS Send name and address, including ZIP number, with S2 check or money order to Circulation Dept., P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. Monuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-addressed, stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. POSTMASTER: If undeliverable, please send Form 3579 to P. O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR

Letters published do not necessarily ex- Recently, the price for press the policy of The American Legion. one can get Keep letters short. Name and address must scrap paper has plummeted down- be furnished. Expressions of opinion and ward, and the for it requests for personal service are appreci- demand has ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or fallen off. answered, due to lack of magazine staff for The price of virgin these purposes. Requests for personal serv- paper from ices which vcay be legitimately asked of fresh cut stands of trees continues to The American Legion should be to made soar upward, and I simply your Post Service Officer or your state cannot un- (Department) American Legion Hq. Send derstand what has happened to the letters to the editor *o: Letters, The movement to recycle perfectly American Legion Magazine. 1345 Avenue good of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019. used materials which otherwise add to our national waste problems, while we go on exploiting virgin ILLEGAL ALIENS materials and tossing them on the dump heap sir: Thanks for your timely in- and after one-shot use of them. formed piece on Illegal "Our Alien What's going on? A.F. Jackson, Problem" (December). Just recently, Leonia, N.J. a local paper reported on the finding of a dead infant whose illegal alien According to the National Associa- parents had been afraid to take him tion of Recycling Industries, part of to a doctor. Another similar case the drop in demand and price for came to light when a university re- scrap paper is due to the general turn- "And don't forget—make sure the searcher found over three dozen ill down of the economy. The normal detergent is the cold-water kind." illegal THE aliens who were afraid to seek users have smaller markets. This in- AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE help. The article you presented in no cludes the depressed building indus- terials way exaggerated this frightful situa- try, ivhich normally uses a good deal markets remain an obstacle to the kind recycling tion. Mary L. Romanies, San Bernar- of recycled paper in building and roof- of that everyone began dino, Calif. ing materials. But the Association to expect a few years ago. claims that the whole recycling move- REGIMENTAL sir: COATS OF ARMS One means the Immigration and ment is also suffering from what it sir: Recently, I found out that I Naturalization Service has tried out calls "repressive" government policies, could purchase a photo in color of the to lessen the illegal alien work force which favor the use of virgin materi- coat of arms of my VVWl regiment, has been recently completed here in als. It cites preferential freight rates the 82d U.S. Field Artillery, and re- Denver. The project teamed up INS for virgin materials over recycled quested the office at the Pentagon to agents and a dozen employers in a materials, as ivell as laws that give send me information on same. I am search for illegal aliens on the pay- tax incentives to a host of producers well satisfied with the photo I pur- rolls. This single effort freed some of virgin materials, and government chased and feel that many veterans 500 jobs for U.S. citizens and legal procurement policies which "encour- or, if deceased, their families, might aliens. Richard Wolfson, Denver, Colo. age the purchase of virgin materials." wish to purchase one for themselves. It says that these policies have PRICE I understand all are not available, but FALL IN SCRAP PAPER served all along to check the growth a letter of inquiry to U.S. Army Audio sir: Many Legion posts and other of neio users, processes and markets Visual Agency, The Pentagon, Wash- volunteer organizations raise funds for used paper and many other re- ington, D.C. 20310, will get you all to support their work by collecting cyclable materials. necessary information. Thomas D. and selling scrap paper. If true, then the politics the of ma- Hanley, Albany, N.Y. ATTN: WWl MILITARY sir: For a history of medicine in movies, I would like to hear from Earwax: any WWl vet who still remembers seeing the VD training film (the first to be made) entitled "Fit to Fight" the sneak thief of sound. (later retitled "Fit to Win"). Also, any readers who saw the woman's Government studies show that hearing problems and age go version of the subject, entitled "The hand in hand. These studies also show that many hearing problems End of the Road." Both films were are merely due to excessive earwax. Of course, anyone suspecting a also shown to civilians during 1919-20. hearing problem should consult a physician to determine the cause. Martin S. Pernick, History of Medi- cine, The Milton 8. Hershey Medical One way for earwax to impair hearing is very simple. As we Center, Pa. State U., Hershey, Pa. grow older, the fine haus lining our ear canals grow coarse. Even- 17033. tually, they can prevent earwax that forms daily from getting out. This in turn muffles sounds trying to get in. Because the wax builds ILLUSTRATION CORRECTED so gradually, up your hearing can diminish without you realizing it. Some readers added up a sales slip illustrating our November a^icle, The safest, most eflFective way to remove eai-wax is by using "Revolution at the Checkout Coun- DEBROX® Drops regularly. is DEBROX recommended by thou- ter," and found it came out short. sands of physicians. They know it safely removes wax and can be This was not the computer's fault, used daily to prevent buildup. DEBROX costs only pennies a day but apparently resulted from the and is available at drugstores without a prescription. "correction"—for reproduction purposes—of a smudge on the original sales slip. A smudged 320 item for •^^6 1774 DebrDx^DROPs cake mix was misread as a 38^ item in "cleaning it up." But talk about sharp readers! ed.

2 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 In These Days of Economic Uncertainty, Isn't It Comforting to Know That Your Dollar Buys Just As Much American Legion Life Insurance As It Did 12 Years Ago?

And cost isn't the only reason you should consider this valuable pro- You're eligible for up to 4 Units of this fine insurance if you're a

tection. As a responsible family person, you owe it to your loved ones Legion Member in good standing, under age 70, and can meet the to provide as much security as you can. What better form of security underwriting requirements of the Insurance Company. For benefits and

is there than your life insurance estate? rates, see the chart below.

Best of all, your American Legion Life Insurance protection lasts your Then, fill out and mail the Enrollment Card below along with your check entire lifetime. or money order for the coverage you select.

Benefits & Premiums-Annual Renewable Term Insurance (Policy Form GPC-5700-1073) 'PRORATED PREMIUM shown provides protection throughout 1975 Benefit determined by age at death. Maximum coverage under this Plan is limited to 4 Units. and assumes your completed Enrollment Card will be received by Age at death 4 Units 3 Units 2 Units 1 Unit the Administrator (and approved) during January with coverage Through age 29 $40,000 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 effective February 1, 1975. If your Enrollment is not approved your 30-34 32,000 24,000 16,000 8,000 money will be refunded. Prorated premiums for applications re- 35-44 18,000 13,500 9,000 4,500 ceived in February will be per Unit. 45-54 8,800 6,600 4,400 2,200 $20 55-59 4,800 3,600 2,400 1,200 EFFECTIVE DATE: Insurance becohies effective on the first day of 60-64 3,200 2,400 1,600 800 the month coinciding with or next following the date the mem- 65-69 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 70-74 1,320 990 660 330 ber's enrollment card is received in the office of the Adminis- 75-over 1,000 750 500 250 trator, subject to Insurance Company's approval. Insurance may

Prorated Premium* $88 $66 $44 $22 be maintained in force by payment of premiums when due.

DEATH BENEFIT: When an insured Legionnaire dies, the beneficiary receives a IF YOU LIVE in Fla., III., N.J., N.Y., N.C., 0., PA., P.R., Tex., orWfis. for special card. Applications benefits vary slightly in lump sum payment once proof of death is received by the Insurance Company. send and some areas. Offer does not apply in Idaho. Send for special brochure. EXCLUSIONS: No benefit is payable for death as a result of war or an act of war,

if the cause of death occurs while serving, or within six months after termina- MAIL TO: tion of service, in the military, naval or air forces of any country or combination The American Legion of countries. Life Insurance Plan, P.O. INCONTESTABILITY: Your coverage shall be incontestable after it has been in Box 5609, force during your lifetime for two years from its effective date. v^ww Chicago, III. 60680

NOTICE OF DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION ENROLLMENT CARD FOR YEARLY RENEWABLE TERM LIFE INSURANCE FOR MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION

Information regarding your Full Name -Birth Date- insurability will be treated as Last First Middle Mo. Day Year confidential except that Occi- Permanent Residence- dental Life Insurance Company Street No. City State Zip of California may make a brief Name of Beneficiary- -Relationship- report to the Medical Informa- Example: Print "Helen Louise Jones," Not "Mrs. H. L. Jones" mation Bureau (M.I.B.), a nonprofit membership organization Membership Card No -. Year Post No State- of life insurance companies I apply for the amount of insurance indicated below, (check appropriate box or boxes). which operates an information 4 Units 3 Units 2 Units 1 Unit Vz Unit exchange on behalf of its members. Upon request by another The following representations shall form a basis for the Insurance Company's approval or rejection of this member insurance company to enrollment: Answer all questions. which you have applied for life or health insurance, or to which 1. Present occupation? Are you now actively working? a claim is submitted, the M.I.B. Yes No If No, give reason will supply such company with 2. Have you been confined in a hospital within the last year? No Yes If Yes, give date, length the information it may have in of stay and cause its files. 3. During the last five years, have you ever had heart disease, circulatory disease, kidney disease, liver Occidental may also release disease, lung disease, diabetes, or cancer, or have you received treatment or medication for high blood information in its file to its re- pressure or alcoholism? No Yes If yes, give details insurers and to other life insurance companies to which you I represent that, to the best of my knowledge, all statements and answers recorded on this enrollment card may apply for life or health in- are true and complete. I agree that this enrollment card shall be a part of any insurance granted upon it surance, or to which a claim is under the policy. I authorize any physician or other person who has attended or examined me, or who may submitted. attend or examine me, to disclose or to testify to any knowledge thus acquired. Upon receipt of a request from Signature of you, the M.I.B. will arrange dis-

Dated , 19 Applicant closure of any information it GMA-300-19 10-70 (Univ.) 175 h^ve in your file. Medical may The American Legion offers this insurance through Occidental Life Insurance Company of California. Home Office: Los Angeles information will only be dis- ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND AUTHORIZATION closed to your attending physi-

I have received and read the Notice of Disclosure of Information at left. Further, ! authorize any cian. If you question the ac- practitioner, hospital, clinic, or other medical or medically related facility, in- curacy of information in the physician, medical Bureau's file you may seel( cor- surance company, the Medical Information Bureau or other organization, institution or person having rection in accordance with the any records or knowledge of me or of my health to give Occidental Life Insurance Company of procedures set forth in the Fed- California any such information. eral Fair Credit Reporting Act. A photographic copy of this authorization shall be as valid as the original. The address of the Bureau's in- Signature of Applicant . formation office is P.O. Box 105, Dated ,19 Insurance. Essex Station, Boston, Mass. I apply for additional Legion Life My present certificate number is 02112; Phone (617) 426-3660.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 :

Just Off The Highway...

By ERMA PERRY

America's freeways now provide an excellent system for traveling long distances in a hurry by car. It is also a system for whizzing past many interesting things to see without seeing them. From time to time we propose to show you here a few interesting things to be seen "just off the highway" all over the nation such as

Franklin D. Roosevelt's Little White House at Warm Springs, Ga., A recent photo of Roosevelt's Warm Springs study. Nearly every detail is the same and the unique hospital and rehabili- as in photos taken more than thirty years ago. The same is true of the exterior. tation center for paralytics known as the Georgia Warm Springs Founda- lished by the state of Georgia, with a On view in the Little White House tion (w^hich FDR inspired), can be staff of about 20. To maintain it, an is the unfinished portrait of FDR that reached by slanting 32 miles south off admission fee to the grounds of $2 for Mme. Elizabeth Shoumatoff was of Interstate 85 onto Alternate U.S. adults, $1 for children from 6 to 12, painting when he died. Also on view Route 27, from an exit five miles is charged. is the late President's 1938 Ford con- south of Newnan, Ga., and 35 miles Tourists may stroll through every vertible, with its special controls. southwest of Atlanta. room in the FDR home as if they There is ample parking space, as Roosevelt's Little White House at were guests. Fala's dog chain and a well as a gift shop, snack bar, picnic Warm Springs remains exactly as he riding quirt hang in a closet. Georgia area and restrooms. left it. Roosevelt built it as a simple Wilkins, a neighbor, willed her house About a mile north on Alternate little retreat in 1932 for $8,738.14. He to the memorial commission, and it U.S. 27 is the 160-bed special Georgia had been going to Warm Springs has been made into an FDR museum, Warm Springs Foundation hospital since 1924, when he discovered that auditorium and library. It is full of for paralytics of all sorts, and its ad- bathing in the 88° natural springwa- FDR memorabilia, as well as historic jacent rehabilitation center, which ter there eased his polio aftereffects. documents and mementos from na- the original Foundation has turned He was there on April 12, 1945, when tions allied with the U.S. in WW2 and over to the state of Georgia for $1. he suffered his fatal stroke. a library of about 500 volumes deal- Readers might clip and save "Just Off ttie The Little White House property is ing in one way or another with Roo- Highway" features as they appear from time to time, against the day they may travel the administered by a commission estab- sevelt. routes mentioned. Wido World

FDR, daughter Anna Dall and Jim Farley, at the Warm Springs cottage on Dec. 1, 1932, when Roosevelt was President-elect.

4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 —

when I planned to retire before fifty this is the business that made it possible

a true story by John B. Haikey

Starting with borrowed money, in just

eight years I gained financial security, sold out at a profit and retired.

"Not until I was forty did I make up my offered me exactly what I had been fresh and clean. One Duraclean Special- mind that I was going to retire before looking for. ist signed a contract for over $40,000 ten years had passed. I knew I couldn't "I could start for a small amount. a year for just one hotel. do it on a salary, no matter how good. (Today, less than $1500 starts a "Well, that's the business I was able I knew I couldn't it do working for Duraclean dealership.) I could work it to start with such a small investment. others. It was perfectly obvious to me as a one-man business to start. No sal- That's the business I built up over a that I had to start a business of my own. aries to pay. I could operate from my period of eight years. And, that's the But that posed a problem. What kind of home. No office or shop or other over- business I sold out at a substantial profit business? Most of my money was tied head. For transportation, I could use before I was fifty." up. Temporarily I was broke. But, when the trunk of car. (I my bought the Would you like to taste the freedom I found the business I wanted I was able truck later, out of profits). And best and independence enjoyed by Mr. to start it for a small amount of bor- of all, there was no ceiling on my earn- Haikey? You can. Let us send you the rowed money. ings. I could build a business as facts. Mail the coupon, and you'll re- big as ambition "To pyramid this investment into re- my and energy dic- ceive aU the details, absolutely without tirement in less than ten tated. I could put on as years seems many men obligation. No salesman wiU ever call on like magic, in I to but my opinion any man as needed cover any volume. I could you. When you receive our illustrated in good health profit who has the same ambi- make a on every man working booklet, you'll learn how we show you tion and drive for I that motivated me, could me. And could build little by little, STEP BY STEP how to get customers; achieve such a goal. Let me give you a or as fast as I wished. and how to have your customers get little history. "So, I started. I took the wonderful you more customers from their recom- "I finished high school at the age of 18 training furnished by the company. mendations. I I followed and got a job as a shipping clerk. My When was ready the simple With no obligation, we'll mail you a plan outlined in training. next job was butchering at a plant that the During the 24-page brochure explaining the busi- first period I all processed boneless beef. Couldn't see did the service work ness. Then you, and you alone, in the much future there. Next, I got a job as myself. By doing it myself, I could make privacy of your home, can decide. Don't a Greyhound Bus Driver. The money much more per hour than I had ever delay. Get the facts before your location good. made on a salary. Later, I was The work was pleasant, but would hire is taken by someone else. Mail the I couldn't see it as leading to retirement. men, train them, pay them well, and coupon, now. Finally I took the plunge and went into still make an hourly profit on their time business for myself. that made my idea of retirement possible DURACLEAN INTERNATIONAL — I had joined the country club and "I managed to raise enough money now 5-191 Duraclean BIdg., Deerfield, III. 60015 could with my savings to invest in a combina- I play golf whenever I wished. tion motel, restaurant, grocery, and ser- "What is this won- vice station. It didn't take long to get derful business? It's my eyes opened. In order to keep that Duraclean. And, what business going my wife and I worked is Duraclean? It's an from dawn to dusk, 20 hours a day, improved, space-age seven days a week. Putting in all those process for cleaning up- hours didn't match my idea of indepen- holstered furniture, rugs, dence and it gave me no time for my and tacked down car- favorite sport—golf! Finally we both pets. It not only cleans agreed that I should look for something but it enlivens and else. sparkles up the colors.

"I found it. It does not wear down Not right away., I inves- DURACLEAN INTERNATIONAL tigated a lot of businesses the fiber or drive part of the dirt into offered as 5-191 Duraclean Building franchises. I felt that the base of the rug as machine scrub- I wanted the Deerfield, Illinois 60015 guidance of an experienced company bing of carpeting does. Instead it lifts WITHOUT OBLIGATION mail letter and wanted to have the benefit of the plans out the dirt by means of an absorbent 24-page illustrated booklet explaining how I dry foam. can increase my income that had brought success to others, plus and family security with a Duraclean Dealership. No the benefit of running my own business "Furniture dealers and department salesman is to call. under an estabhshed name that had stores refer their customers to the Dura- national recognition. clean Specialist. Insurance men say Name_ "Most of the franchises offered were Duraclean can save them money on fire too costly for me. Temporarily aU my claims. Hotels, motels, specialty shops Address- capital was frozen in the motel. But I and big stores make annual contracts State City_ -& Zip- found that the Duraclean franchise for keeping their carpets and furniture THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 5 s

By HARVEY ARDMAN

July 17, 1975, a Russian cos- ONmonaut and an American astronaut are expected to exchange televised handshakes some 120 miles above the surface of the Earth. This handshake will take place in the airlock linking a United States Apollo space capsule to a Soviet Soy- uz, while the two ships pass over Spain, docked together. It will be followed by visiting between ships during the two days they remain linked, and by some joint experiments. For both nations, the Apollo-Soyuz flight will be the culmination of five years of joint cooperative effort, during which officials, technicians and crew members from the two countries have worked closely here and in Rus- sia to solve the problem of how to couple successfully two basically different space vehicles in flight. The mission will be televised by both nations, beginning with the launch. It will test the jointly-developed rendezvous and docking system, which is planned to become standard for both countries, verify A Preview ottne^oming techniques for transferring crew members between two ships and gain experience for further possible joint flights, including space rescues, if necessary. SOVIET-AMlRICAl The mission really began on Oct. 10, 1969, when then NASA administrator Dr. Thomas Paine wrote Pro- fessor Keldysh, head of Russia's that SPACE suggesting VENTURE Academy of Science, the two countries discuss the possi- bility of a joint venture in space. To the surprise of many at NASA, j the Russians responded quickly and Three Americans, left, and two Russians, right, seen at the Johnson Space Center in favorably to Paine's letter. It has been conjectured that in light of develop a compatible rendezvous and flight. The types of spacecraft to be their recent catastrophic space fail- docking system. used were agreed on in April 1972, ures, one of which took the lives of On May 24, 1972, in Moscow, Presi- and the target launch date was set in three cosmonauts, and their loss of dent Nixon and Premier Kosygin November 1972. From that moment the moon race, the Russians saw the signed a formal agreement that called on, it was full steam ahead. wisdom in the old axiom, "If you not only for the joint space flight, but "We've run into a cooperative atti- ." can't beat 'em, join 'em." also for other scientific exchanges. tude. . . says Dr. Glynn Lunney, Their willingness at least to hear As a result, we have swapped moon technical director for the U.S. side. out the proposal contrasted sharply rocks, received significant findings of "There's been a fair amount of trust with their attitude in the late 1950' the other's space probes to Mars, etc., and good faith put in the bank on and early 1960's when they ignored and added to our respective knowl- both sides." or ridiculed our invitations to join us edge of the atmosphere with data His opposite number, Konstantin in space exploration. amassed during our individual space Bushuyev, concurs. On one of his vis- Following their acceptance of our explorations. In early 1973, an earth- its to the Houston space center, he re- latest offer, NASA officials met with bound team of American and Soviet marked upon the good progress made their Soviet counterparts in Moscow scientists made a joint study of the in seeking rational compromises to in October 1970, and put in motion Bering Sea, between Siberia and various problems. plans for a joint mission. No definite Alaska. The Soviet and American crews spent months in each country, date was set, as it was realized that But the big show of the agreement have with the the two countries would first have to is to be the forthcoming Apollo-Soyuz familiarizing themselves

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 Houston in a mock-up of the docking module they expect to use in space this summer.

other's spacecraft and training pro- Perhaps the most difficult problem what they had to say understood. cedures. Mission control technicians has been the language difference. "Our work is considerably better have also exchanged visits. Even with expert translators on the when the American crew speaks Rus- Each country has lent the other scene, there's been much confusion. sian and our crew speaks English," tape recordings of control room/ For instance, the Russians have no said one cosmonaut, explaining that spacecraft transmissions from pre- single word for "interface," an ex- this approach compelled them to vious missions, and they've worked pression American scientists use to be more attentive to each other and together closely to solve the mission's denote those parts of two separate to speak clearly. major technical problem—designing systems that are designed to touch. It This approach was adopted for the compatible docking equipment. "It's took awhile for our technicians to re- actual flight—and it might come as almost as 50-50 as you can get," alize that's what the Russians meant a shock to television viewers in both Lunney says. when their translator referred to "in- nations when they hear it in practice. The Soviets have also illustrated terconnecting docking equipment." If all goes according to plan, the their willingness to bend on secrecy. To minimize this problem, crewmen joint mission will go this way: NASA officials note a new openness of both nations set out to learn the Next July 15, at 3:20 p.m. Moscow —naming a crew and announcing it other's language. time (7:20 a.m. EDST), a Soviet in advance of a launching, for in- At a joint press conference in Hous- rocket will blast off from Russia's stance, something they never did be- ton this April, cosmonauts and astro- space center at Baikonur, Kazakh- fore. They also agreed to make public nauts spoke in each other's native stan (about 1,300 miles southeast of a launch date for the first time. tongue and had no trouble making (Continued on next page)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 7 CONTINUED A Preview of the Coming Soviet-American Space Venture

Moscow), boosting a Soyuz capsule into orbit. Aboard the Soyuz will be Aleksey Leonov, 41, a Lt. Col. in the Red Air Force and Valeriy Kubasov, 40, a civilian cosmonaut. On Mar. 18, 1965, Leonov became the first man to "walk" in space. Kubasov, an expert in experimental space welding, was the flight engineer on Soyuz 6, in 1969. The Soyuz craft is Russia's standard manned orbital vehicle. It weighs 25,000 pounds and is 24 feet long and seven-and-a-half feet in diameter. It made its debut on April 23, 1967. About seven-and-a-half hours after Soyuz is launched, at 2:50 p.m. EDST, a towering two-stage Saturn IB will lift off from Cape Canaveral, Fla., carrying an Apollo space capsule into orbit. The three Americans in their spacesuits: Donald K. Slayton, docking module pilot; Vance D. Brand, command module pilot; Thomas P. Stafford, American commander. Aboard will be U.S. Air Force Brig. Gen. Thomas Stafford, 45; Vance Brand, 44, a civilian astronaut; and like Slayton, has never been in space. will also work together in the con- Donald "Deke" Slayton, 51, also a But he was the backup command trol rooms at the Lyndon B. John- civilian, one of the original astro- module pilot for Apollo 15 and back- son Space Center in Houston and at nauts named in April 1959. This will up commander for Skylabs 3 and 4. Zvezdnoy Gorodok, the Soviet "space be Slayton's first flight; he was The Apollo capsule they will fly is town" just outside of Moscow. grounded soon after he became an a slightly modifled version of the According to NASA personnel who astronaut, when tests revealed he craft that carried Americans to the have seen it, the Soviet control room had a heart murmur. Until he was re- moon and back. is remarkably similar to ours in stored to flight status recently, after Apollo capsules weigh about 58,000 Houston. It's filled with rows of desks a thorough medical review, he'd been pounds, are 34 feet long, and have a topped with TV sets whose screens Director since 1962 of NASA Flight maximum diameter of 13 feet. The carry the data sent back from what- Crew Operations. first Apollo flew on Oct. 11, 1968, and ever space effort is in progress, and General Stafford, along with Wal- it has been America's primary craft there are large screens at the front ter Schirra, performed the flrst space since then. of the room on which the same data rendezvous, on Dec. 15, 1965, aboard During the launch, U.S. specialists is projected for all to see. The room Gemini 6. He has made two other will work alongside Russians at the itself is about half the size of its space flights, logging a total of 290 Soviet launch site and Russians will Houston counterpart, but it has a vis- hours, 15 minutes in space. The third be at Cape Canaveral. Throughout the itor's gallery at the back two or three member of the crew, Vance Brand, mission, technicians of both nations times as large. After the Apollo reaches orbit, it will execute a 180° turn, back into the spent second stage of its launch rocket and extract a combination docking module/air lock (a cylinder 10 feet long and five feet in diameter) —much as other Apollos extracted lunar landing modules on moon shots. Then, the Apollo will head for Soyuz. "The rendezvous is not going to be a simple thing to do," says Slayton. "It will be much harder than joining Apollo to the lunar landing module during moon shots, since the lunar module always played an active role and the rendezvous involved relative- ly short distances." Soyuz will be a passive participant in docking and, at the start, there will be many miles between the two craft.

President Ford, as he met with the Russians, left, and Americans, right, last September. If all goes well, the Apollo will

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . JANUARY 1975 —

come up and dock itself to the Soyuz at about 11:25 a.m. EDST on July 17, after many hours of maneuvering and alignment in which the Apollo and its radio and optical guidance systems—will play the major role. Apollo and Soyuz will spend about two days together in space, during which they will dock and undock at least twice. Before they separate for the last time, each cosmonaut and astronaut will have visited the other's ship, crawling back and forth through the docking module/air lock between the two craft. At no time, however, will all the Russians be in the Apollo or all the Americans in the Soyuz. In the event of an emergency, an astronaut or cosmonaut must always be at the controls of his own ship, with which he is thoroughly familiar. But if a visit is underway when an emergency strikes, the visitors will stay where they are, if necessary landing as passengers in each other's capsules. While they're visiting, the Rus- sians and the Americans will eat each other's food and use each

other's facilities. Both crews will Robert White, left, shows two Russian specialists the docking mechanism which the take TV cameras with them and pic- Americans will carry up in their launch vehicle and extract from it in space. ^ tures will be sent back to their own spacecraft by cable and transmitted tion of the craft, Apollo will block infect man; evaluate the ability of back to Earth, permitting audiences the sun for Soyuz, creating an artifi- white blood cells to function properly in both nations to watch as much of cial eclipse to enable the Russians to after a spaceflight. Earth environ- the operation as is feasible. photograph the solar corona, which ment experiments will entail the col- During their time in space, the two can be seen only during an eclipse. lecting of photo and observational crews will carry out 26 joint experi- One result of this test will determine data on geology, the earth's waters ments, as presently scheduled. These the characteristics of the gaseous en- and atmosphere. experiments are largely related to the vironment surrounding a vehicle in After the two ships separate, prob- U.S. or the USSR space programs, space. Other tests will determine the ably on July 19, the Soyuz will con- but some have been contracted for by effects of space flight on bacteria tinue to orbit for another 43 hours, private U.S. and foreign corporations cultures provide more knowledge on approximately, making a hard land- ; and research centers. man's immunity mechanisms and any ing in Kazakhstan on July 21, about In one experiment, during separa- changes in the ability of germs to (Continued on page ifJ^)

Three Russians at communications training in Houston. The Two Americans study Russian communications equipment at the Gagarin spacemen are learning and will use each other's languages. cosmonaut training center in Zvedny, U.S.S.R., in June, 1973.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 Q —

..a few woi'ds for Buncombe y'know? J

By MALCOLM G. POMEROY EDWIN Newman, the TV newsman The BODACIOUS and interviewer, has a new book out called "Strictly Speaking," which is nearly 200 pages of comment and A tongue-in-cheek look at the latest attempt to examples of the use and misuse of the American language today, as it rescue the English language from American abuse. offends Mr. Newman's ear or eye. The rest of the title is: "Will America be barbarously in 1735, when he heard These phrases are colorful, vigor- the Death of English?" residents of Savannah use the word ous idiom of a kind that has made One could complain that the sub- "bluff"—which was unknown in Eng- Americans famous or infamous for ject is 240 years old, for Francis lish. centuries. Such language usually Moore first cried out that Americans In all the years since, giants have starts with the common people while were treating the English language entered the field to protect English the leadership fights it off. What from Americans—men such as Sam- seems new is that the richest and uel Johnson, the renowned British most concentrated examples have dictionary writer; our own John now come from the Oval Room of Witherspoon, a signer of the Declara- the White House. With the memory tion of Independence, and no end of of Winston Churchill's magnificent others. Even Ben Franklin, after a prose still green, we like to think of stay in Europe, was a bit shocked to our leaders as speaking better than discover that in his absence Ameri- we do. But actually, since Andrew cans had devised the verbs to advo- Jackson, many of our Presidents have cate, to notice, to 'progress and to op- made free use of the common speech pose (all strangers to the English of and passing slang, while some have the time). He asked Noah Webster to misused words and coined new ones. oppose them, not to notice them, and Newman also takes off at the flood certainly not to advocate them. Web- of utterly meaningless words and ster decided that in order to progress phrases which are only noise, that he should ignore Franklin's pleas. are now in wide use. He explores the \cvviiiaii However, the subject always needs horrors of like and y'know . Like, updating, and Mr. Newman's is a y'know, Mr. Newman doesn't go for, pretty good and entertaining book. like, using a lot of needless words, The language on the Watergate tapes y'know. Though he has a sharp ear, does not escape him stonewall it for he is strangely deaf to uh and and uh, "admit nothing," let it all hang out making no mention of them. I have for "make it public," tough it through heard people talking as guests on TV iiiiAiiicrical)ctlicl)catli()fEii8lisli? for "don't yield a bit,"—etc. who used more uh's and and uh's than

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . JANUARY 1975 others have microphones stuck in their faces. American Language Students of the American language can testify that it is part of our genius language likes and y'knows. Like fourscore and wants it known that he was heard. never to fail to invent new uh seven years ago, y'know, our fa- While I heartily recommend Mr. for any new need, even if the need is thers brought forth on this continent Newman's book, he does not seem to for ornate non-statements. Let us not a uh new nation, y'know. And uh it recognize that some of the current bewail genius. recognize was like conceived in hberty, y'know, use of empty language is the creative But if Newman does not and uh dedicated to like the uh propo- act of that growing body of Ameri- this as a creative process, his book of sition that all men are uh created like cans who are supposed to say some- is at least rich in examples how equal, y'know. thing but either have nothing to say, folks at high levels of public and pri- life gone far beyond If my memory is correct, it was a or have a need to be heard without vate have now President—John F. Kennedy— who, saying anything. Some make their and uh to load their statements with in spite of the excellence of his speech living this way, some get subpoenas. a wealth of words, many having a in general, brought and uh to the very center of our public stage. It is very old, but in my youth it was chiefly used by schoolchildren as a time killer when called upon to recite when they hadn't done their homework. If it were near the end of the class period, you could tough it through right to the bell with and uhs, aided and abet- ted by as to that, uh and with respect to that, uh and regarding that situation, uh and on that question it seems that, uh. Head scratching and rolling the eyes, as if in an effort to organize all the immense knowledge you had on the subject, could help you stonewall it to the end of the class. This may be repulsive, but it is an art in every case where the speaker would rather not be speaking at all. It is equally an art when the speaker is glad to have the stage but either has nothing to say, or does not want to commit himself even though he There are still a few nouns from which Americans have not yet coined verbs. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE JANUARY 1975 H '

Some Past Te,stimonials to the American Language.

"Blundering

CONTINUED The Bodacious American Language would he not do? He would not run. Why would he not run? Because he high-sounding ring, that would be un- clear as crystal? Why, they lam- chose not to. Hardly anybody else necessary if they wanted to say some- pooned him, mocked him, ridiculed has been able in so few words—all of thing. him and hung the tab of Silent Cal on one syllable—to state both his inten- Perhaps newsmen—those of Mr. him. Actually, he left them nothing tions and his reasons on so large a Newman's profession—share as much else to do to fill their space. They subject. The only room left for com- credit as anyone for the use of in- couldn't analyze or interpret his ment was to write reams and reams flated non-speech by our political statement. It was all there, and no about how little he'd said. Here I am, leaders. I think of how crudely the longer than a headline, with no need still doing it 47 years later. So of press treated the fine speech of Calvin for a story to follow. course Cal got lampooned and criti- Coolidge. Could this not have led to When any probable candidate for cized and mocked for producing a gem Dwight Eisenhower's reconstruction President says he isn't going to be a when a gem was the last thing any- of Presidential language, in order to candidate in the next election, it one wanted. satisfy—as Mr. Coolidge did not—the should be good for reams of copy. In 1953, Mr. Eisenhower became hunger of the media for words that Most of the few non-runners we have President. He wasn't about to commit are vague enough and plentiful had have helped the media along by the purity of expression that had led enough to permit endless speculation offering a list of reasons for not run- to the abuse of Mr. Coolidge. If the about their meaning—and thus fill ning. Then the media have analyzed boys wanted words instead of an- newspaper space and broadcast time? the reasons offered and debated swers, he'd supply them. He freely re- Mr. Coolidge spoke the rich, full, whether they were the real reasons, sponded to all questions at great economical language that I admire and discussed probable reasons that length. Yet he left the reporters to quite as much as Mr. Newman does. were different from those the non- guess the answers according to their He never wasted a syllable, but got runner offered. The more a non-can- space. He could talk for five minutes right to the point and answered the didate says about not running, the on one question at a press conference, question. If all public statements fol- more it can be discussed, gnawed on, never finishing a sentence. He would lowed his model we would have no picked over and "analyzed"—with- start one, load it with qualifications paper shortage today. Pressed to issue out adding a bit to the fact itself. and "noise phrases," then stop it in his view, as President, on whether our Thus words can beget words without the middle. He could haul in back- European allies should pay us the end, and keep the raw material flow- ground information and never finish debts they incurred in WWl, Cal ing into our vast and growing word it. Nobody could say he didn't talk to said: industry. the press, though after five minutes "They hired the money, didn't Again, Cal's whole speech was no of his "explanations" the gentlemen they?" longer than a short headline. As the would look at one another as if to This is classic English, American 1928 elections approached he issued ask "What did he say?" style. The idiom is Vermont, but the six more words: They kidded Ike for this, too, but I power and compactness are Shake- "I do not choose to run." don't think it took. I think we can spearean. In six little words, he let it There is no more perfect use of the trace many of Mr. Newman's exam- all hang out. American language. He said what he ples of profuse non-speech in govern- But what happened to Cal for being was not going to do and why. What ment today back to Ike's ingenious

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . JANUARY 1975 )

solution of the media's "Coolidge just prefer the rhythm of AOK and problem." History may show that he don't give a damn if it is repetitious. was the patron saint of the art—one In the matter of repetition (or re- more example, in a long history, of dundancy) language stylists are com- , the vigor of American speech and of pletely at odds with communications our supply of leaders who can rise specialists. The science of communi- to any occasion with new solutions. cations puts a high value on redun- Mr. Newman has sport with those dancy, repeat redundancy, which is who speak of 7 a.m. in the morning or not, repeat not, necessarily bad, but 4 p.m. in the afternoon. He holds them is often, repeat often, essential to in error, which they may be. But their clarity and understanding. Repeat all error could be that they do not know of that. that a.m. is morning and p.m. is after- But repetition is an absolute sin to noon. Some of these people may only speech purists, who claim that you be night people. We can't be sure should not never use a sentence where whether it is the language or the sun you say the same thing identically that they misunderstand. Hardly any- over again a second time. one studies Latin any more, so that In saying AOK instead of OK when ante meridian and post meridian (for transmitting, the astronauts have a a.m. and p.m.) may no longer mean purpose. It comes through more before noon and after noon to people clearly against background noise than who never see the sun. does OK. However, when they and But maybe that isn't it at all. It others adopt it for such non-com- is quite common for us to shorten our munications as cocktail party talk, language, then let it out again, then where nobody hears—or cares to hear shorten it again. This may only be a —anything but his own voice, AOK sign that it is breathing, and not dy- is plainly used for nothing but the If plain folks spoke the way officials seem to, this is how Mom might say "now." ing after all. pleasure of rolling it off the tongue. want more to our speech than We Any student of OK will find many tion Battalions. They were immedi- speed and brevity. especially like We examples of it that have come and ately cut to NCB's, then just to CB's. it to please the ear tongue and and gone, in which a new rhythm was The accordion was being squeezed. have rhythm. After years of saying improvised. Okey-dokey stands out. Then CB's were expanded, letter- 7 a.m. and loving it for its brevity, we And I recall a time when there, were wise but not noisewise, to Seabees. may slowly come to regret our in- those who said oke for OK and noke But within a short time even mem- ability to sing it. But if someone will for not OK. Though he was fictional, bers of the Seabees were talking supply a few notes, you can certainly in Herman Wouk's Captain Queeg about Seabee Battalions (i.e.: Con- sing 7 a.m. in the even if it morning, "The Caine Mutiny" was at his infre- struction Battalion Battalions). is tautologically redundant and repe- quent sweetest when he agreed to OK is one of America's greatest titiously prolix. something by saying kay. gifts to the world. The earliest writ- I did not notice Mr. Newman men- Such examples certainly that show ten reference to it (Boston, 1839) ex- tion the way OK has been blown up we consider our speech to ac- be an plains that it was part of a passing to the astronautical proportions of that cordion you can play, and not a fad to use initials for all kinds of AOK (a 50% increase in size). Pos- rigid body lying in a coffin called "cor- pat phrases, like ISBD for "it shall sibly the astronauts don't know that rect English." be done." OK stood for Oil Korrect. the A is repetitious. Possibly they In WW2 we had Naval Construc- It was only a fun phrase, but it orbited the globe and is a common and official form of approval today in languages that have no such words as oil or korrect. Almost 100 years after OK was coined, Mrs. Nicholas Murray Butler, wife of the president of Columbia University, tried to stomp it out as a vulgarism that trod on the purity of English. Sadly for her, both the Lon- don Times and British government (which had long since adopted thousands of words and usages invented in America) gave formal recognition to OK just as Mrs. Butler was trying to axe it. (Noah Webster—had he then been around—might have told her that she should have axed someone if it was ok before sticking her neck out.) OK then stood firm until the astronauts started to let the accordion out. But what does AOK mean? Is it not All Oil Korrect? And, unless he is transmitting, should one grammati- Should the President take the lead in restoring our speech to Shakespearean purity? {Continued on page 38

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 13 Opposing Views by Congressmen on The Question . . • SHOULD NATURAL GAS

YES" THE Federal Power Commission recently an- ural gas, made largely nounced that cutbacks in the delivery of natural from imported naphtha. gas by interstate pipelines this year will exceed last Currently, Washington, year's cutbacks by 81%. D.C., for example, is pay- It is estimated that natural gas shortages in New ing a 45^' "city gate" price Jersey, for example, will lead to layoffs of 12,000 per thousand cubic feet workers, with adverse affects on 400,000 more work- of domestic natural gas. ers in related industries throughout the nation. De-regulation would in- How can this happen in a country that holds vast crease this price in the reserves of natural gas? first year by less than The facts presented in exhaustive Senate National 10^. By way of contrast, Fuels and Energy Study hearings demonstrate be- synthetic gas in Washing- Sen. James L. Buckley yond question that natural gas wellhead price regu- ton, D.C. has an equiva- (C-R—N.Y.) lations have been responsible for these sl\ortages. lent "city gate" cost of Since the Federal Power Commission began regu- more than $3.00 per thousand cubic feet, and lique- lating the price of natural gas sold to interstate fied gas has a "city gate" cost of between $2.50 and pipelines in the 1960's, there has been a dramatic $3.00. Moreover, each of these commodities is de- decline in the rate of discovery of new gas reserves. pendent on foreign sources of supply. Because the price of gas in interstate markets has In light of these facts, can anyone really question been held to arbitrarily low levels by regulation, where the consumers' interests lie? No one is enthu- fewer wildcatters are willing to take the enormous siastic about paying higher prices for any commod- financial risks of drilling exploratory wells. ity, however convenient or necessary. But the inter- This is why de-regulation of new natural gas est of the consumer is clearly on the side of having heads most lists of "energy musts." Yet, because of an adequate supply of natural gas to meet his needs widespread misinformation, critics vastly exagger- at the lowest prices that will bring those supplies to ate the cost of de-regulation for the consumer. the market—not the lowest price a federal bureau- The figures supplied by the Federal Energy Ad- crat can arbitrarily assign. ministration suggest otherwise. Even if de-regulated gas prices rise to $2.20 per thousand cubic feet, more than double the current free market price, the increase that the average householder would pay in 1980 would be $38.35, or an average of a little more than $3.00 per month. What are the alternatives? If we do not encourage the search for new sources of domestic natural gas, we will be forced to rely on two other sources: importing more liquefied natural gas from Algeria or the Soviet Union, or manufacturing synthetic nat-

feel on this If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . JANUARY 1975 PRICES BE DE-REGULATED? "NO" THE GREAT natural gas rates of growth, will last us for 65 years. What's hap- rush of 1974 has be- pening to it? Quite simply, the monopolistic natural gun. The major oil com- gas industry is betting on de-regulation, and is with- panies, who control the holding already discovered natural gas reserves. Up vast bulk of the known to 90% of existing oil and natural gas leases let by natural gas reserves in the Interior Department are now nonproducing. And this country, have sensed one independent natural gas producer told the FPC the public's fears over this past summer that major natural gas producers natural gas shortages this had offered to buy up his reserves, not for the pur- winter and are trying to pose of producing the natural gas we need, but to capitalize on these fears hold that gas as an investment, pending the de- with an all-out push for regulation of natural gas prices. Sen. Walter F. Mondale pattern is clear. In an industry in which eight (D-Minn.) de-regulation of natural The gas prices. major oil companies control 75% of the offshore nat- will the If they succeed, let's see what will happen. We will ural gas reserves, American consumers be that de- add up to $11 billion per year to the fuel bills of victims so long as the industry believes American consumers. We will realize only minor regulation is imminent. gains in the rate of discovery of the new domestic Only the protests of the public will stop the push natural gas reserves we all are eager to find. We will for de-regulation. And only strong action by the increase the profits of the major oil companies by Congress will give us a structure which reinjects tens of billions of dollars over the coming decade. competition into the industry and affords American And, most incredibly of all, at the same time we are consumers the protection they need. trying to free ourselves from dependence on foreign oil, we will peg the price of our domestic natural gas to the rigged, cartel price of oil. The natural gas industry claims that it needs de- regulation—which would double or triple natural gas prices—as an incentive for more exploration. Yet within the past three years, the Federal Power Com- mission (FPC) has allowed natural gas prices to increase by 100%. Natural gas producers are now guaranteed a 15% return on their investment by the FPC, and in some instances have been granted prices 1 which will give returns of up to 26%. Does this sound 1 like an industry in hardship? I have read in The American Legion Magazine for Jan- I uary the arguments in PRO & CON: Should Natural is real shortage The industry claims that there a Gas Prices Be De-Regulated? of natural gas. Yet we have potential natural gas re- IN MY OPINION THE ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION IS: serves in this country which, allowing for normal YES NO

SIGNED issue, fill out the "ballot" and mail it to him. ^ ADDRESS TOWN STATE.

You can address any Representative c/o U.S. House of Representatives, Wash- ington, D.C. 20515; any Senator c/o U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. 20510.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 15 — . Dr. GATLING'S Remarkable Machine Gun

availing myself of the first light of A history of rapid fire weapons, which Dr. Gatlirig dawn. ... At every step lay pros- believed would reduce armies and casualties in war! trated the dead bodies of the [Turks]." Men had thought about a gun that By H. ALLEN PERRY would produce rapid fire long before Dr. Gatling invented device. WAS June 1876. Lt Col. George his ITArmstrong Custer and more than Generals had yearned for a weapon that would throw an uncountable 250 men of the U.S. Seventh Cavalry- number of projectiles at the enemy were scouring the Montana hill coun- in a continuous stream. And through- try for hostile Sioux Indians. out the ages, various inventors had Custer was traveling light and fast done their best to oblige. —so he'd left behind four Catling The first European multiple-firing guns that were available to him. His weapon using gunpowder made its ap- troops carried only Colt pistols and pearance just as the and arrow single-shot Springfields, whereas the bow was at its peak as a military weapon, Catling was the granddaddy of all under Edward III, King of England our modern rapid-fire weapons. from 1327 to 1377. On June 25, Custer found the In- This weapon was called the dians he'd been looking for—at Little "ribauldequin." Bighorn. What followed was Custer's It consisted of a number of iron tubes mounted on a last stand. platform, designed to fire simul- The result surely would have been Dr. Richard J. Gatling, who came up with taneously. Crude, awkward and very different if Custer had decided to the world's first practical machine gun. inaccurate, it was used mostly bring along the Catling guns. Accord- Egyptian droops—and rioters. against heavily armored soldiers. ing to Joseph E. Smith, in Small "Historians claim," writes Chinn, This was succeeded by something Ay-ms of the World, they had a rate "that the . . . Catling . . . more than called the organ gun, whose rows of of fire of about 1,000 rounds a minute. any other weapon—helped change multiple barrels resembled a church "One can hardly visualize a more the odds in favor of the British dur- organ. In the European wars between perfect target for a tripod-mounted ing their days of empire building." 1350 and 1600, such weapons were machine gun than a band of Indians In the Russo-Turkish war of 1877, used by all sides, by the thousands. galloping in a circle," writes Col. both sides had Catlings—and both They had anywhere from a dozen to George Chinn in The Machine Gun, failed to realize their potential. The a gross of barrels. But none were true the Navy's official history of auto- Russians used them only for night machine fired volleys with matic weapons. guns, they fighting and to defend bridges. time out for reloading, they were Two years later, when American Still, the gun had its moments. A touched off by hand and were not troops attacked a combined force of Russian officer, a certain Captain maneuverable for field operations. Shoshones and Bannocks in an ap- Litvinoff, who, according to Philip In those days, the only to set parently impregnable position on top way Van Doren Stern, in American Heri- off a firearm was to ignite the gun- of a bluff near the Umatilla Agency, tage Magazine, "operated one of his powder through a touch hole, by a three Catlings settled the issue. regiment's two guns, wrote what is wick, live ember or "slow match." And in December 1890, U.S. sol- perhaps the first account by an Thus, a weapon had to be ignited by diers confronting the remnants of actual participant of the Catling's hand each time it was fired. the Sioux nation, at Wounded Knee, deadly might," describing a mid- Leonardo da Vinci devised an turned their Catlings on the Indians night surprise attack by the Turks organ gun whose barrels were placed after a misunderstanding about re- on the Russian camp. in a fan-shaped pattern. This brought location. Some 300-odd Indian men, "Though it was dark, we perceived the touch-holes closer together, so women and children died as a result. in front of us the galloping masses the weapon could be fired more quick- These events were hardly unique. of the enemy, with uplifted, glitter- ly. In the last three decades of the 19th ing swords. When they approached In the 1600s, finally, inventors be- century, the British found frequent us within about 20 paces, I shouted gan arranging gun barrels in a circle occasion to use their Catling guns the command 'Fire!' This was fol- in the Ashanti campaign in West Bottmann Archive lowed by a salvo of all men forming Africa in 1874, against the Peruvians the cover and a simultaneous rattle in 1877, in the Zulu war in 1879, in of the two battery [Catling] guns. the Alexandria campaign in 1882 "In this roar, the cries of the and elsewhere. In one encounter with enemy at once became weak and then the Zulus, a single Catling cut down ceased altogether. ... I ventured to 473 tribesmen in a matter of min- get a look at the surrounding ground. utes. Alexandria, 370 British sol- At A multi-barreled volley gun devised by diers with a Catlings took the Three illustrations supplied by Arco Publishing Co. 219 few P^rk Avenue South, New York, N. Y. 10003, publishers Leonardo da Vinci. The fan shape let of "THE GATLING GUN" by Paul Wahl and Donald R. city and held it against thousands of Toppel one touch off all barrels at one point.

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 A British naval brigade clearing the streets of Alexandria, Egypt, with a Gatling gun in 1882. and started experimenting with re- of March 31, 1722, Puckle put his the new cartridge, in every size from volving cartridge chambers. These machine on public trial. It was "dis- pistols to cannon. Most were operated weapons still fired in volleys, rather charged 63 times in seven minutes by a crank, which loaded, cocked and than continuously. by one man, in the rain." But Puckle's fired the weapon. On May 15, 1718, James Puckle re- gun was never put into production. By the time the Civil War started, ceived British patent number 418 for In 1814, an American sea captain, ordnance staffs of many governments a "portable gun or machine that dis- Joshua Shaw, drawing on earlier dis- were being deluged by inventors of charges so often and so many bullets coveries, invented the percussion cap, machine guns. A few were good [that can] be loaded so quickly as it permitting the blow of a hammer to enough to receive combat trials. renders it next to impossible to carry discharge a firearm. And on Jan. 22, Four such weapons found a place any ship by boarding." 1856, the idea of housing both the in the Civil War, two on each side. The Puckle gun used a revolving percussion cap and the propelling One, the Billinghurst Requa battery, cylinder, which brought charges in charge in the base of the bullet was was used by the North throughout line with the barrel when a crank was patented by Winchester Arms Co. the war. It had 25 barrels mounted turned. Each chamber used a flint- Soon after, bullet, cap and charge flat on a metal platform. Its car- lock—the latest ignition device—to were housed in a metal casing. tridges were spaced in a 25-round provide the spark that set off the Within the year, inventors in Bel- clip, which mated with the open rear charge. gium, England and the United States end of the barrels. All 25 rounds were According to the London Journal developed multi-firing weapons using fired simultaneously, then the gun

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 17 CONTINUED Dr. Catling's Remarkable Machine Gun

was quickly reloaded and fired again. of which were fired simultaneously. A skilled operator could let loose 175 Every one of these Civil War shots a minute. But this was still a weapons was used for the defense of volley-firing weapon, not a true ma- key positions, such as bridges, passes, chine gun. important roads, approaches to cities, The Ager "Coffee Mill" gun, also etc. They were simply too heavy and used by the North, was a machine too ungainly to be taken into the field gun by almost any definition. The for offensive actions. gun had a hopper feed on top—like In the right circumstances, how- a coffee grinder—and was similarly ever, they were overpowering. A crank-operated. It could fire a maxi- Union officer, describing the effects mum of 120 shots a minute. of the "Coffee Mill" gun at Middle- According to Stern, the "Coffee burg, said, "One of these guns was Mill" gun was first used sometime brought to bear on a squadron of between Jan. 2 and Feb. 24, 1864, along the shores of the Potomac, by the 28th Pennsylvania Volunteer regiment commanded by Col. John W. Geary. He had two of the weapons, which he used in some minor skir- mishes. "Coffee Mill" guns were first used in full-scale battle at Middle- burg, Va., on March 29, 1864. The gun did fairly well, as long as it was allowed to cool between firings. Otherwise, the barrel turned red hot, then white hot, then started dripping molten metal from its muzzle. Some- times, despite precautions, operators loaded their overheated guns with live rounds, only to have the weapons blow up in their faces. For this reason, the guns were soon scrapped. The Confederate Army's leading machine gun was the Williams smooth bore machine gun, a one- pounder with a 1.57 inch bore and a four-foot barrel. It was crank-operated and fired at 65 shots a minute. A battery of these weapons was attached to Pickett's brigade at the Battle of Seven Pines (Virginia) on May 3, 1862. Union troops quickly learned to treat Confederate troops armed with the gun with great cau- tion. Another machine gun was devised for Confederate forces by their ordnance chief, Maj. Gen. Josiah Gorgas (father of William C. Gorgas, sanitation expert at Cuba and at the Panama Canal). The Gorgas gun, a single-barrel, cast-iron, smooth bore device, had a overheating and capable of an aston- circular feed at the butt end, with 18 [Confederate] cavalry at 800 yards ishing rate of fire—300-500 shots a chambers and provision for 18 per- and it cut them to pieces terribly, minute. They were the first Catling cussion caps. It was not perfected in forcing them to fiy," according to machine guns. time to be tested in battle and after Stern. The best-known of these com- the war was made obsolete by other Looking back, it's obvious these manders was Benjamin Butler. He weapons. early Civil War machine guns were bought 12 Catling guns at his own In addition, both the Confederacy only curiosities—precursors of a expense, complete with 1,000 rounds and the Union Army had a number practical machine gun, not actually of ammunition each, for $1,000 a gun, of volley guns—huge, cannon-like af- practical weapons themselves. then directed their use during the fairs whose solid barrels were drilled But late in the war, a few Union siege of Petersburg, Va., in the with many holes down their length, commanders, acting entirely on their spring of 1865. Here, they were said each hole constituting a separate own, purchased some samples of a to be quite effective. barrel. One of these gadgets, the new type of machine gun and tried Butler's were the forerunners of Vandenberg Volley gun, had any- them out in combat. These weapons the world's first practical machine where from 85 to 451 "barrels," all proved to be free from jamming or gun, the brainchild of Dr. Richard J.

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 )

Department of the Army Catling, a native of North Carolina who had moved north before the war. Catling, the son of an inventor, had earlier patented a rice-planting machine, then adapted it for other grains. He studied medicine for two years at La Porte, Ind., then, after a year at Ohio Medical College, was granted a degree. There's no record he ever practiced medicine, however. According to letters he wrote a dozen years after the Civil War, Catling first began thinking about a machine gun in 1861, when, while living in Indianapolis, "I witnessed almost daily the departure of troops to the front and the return of the wounded, sick and dead. The most of the latter lost their lives not in battle, but by sickness and exposure in- cident to the service. "It occurred to me if I could invent a machine—a gun—which could, The Gatling gun was outmoded when U.S. troops first used it with telling effect fire, enable by its rapidity of one man in support of moving infantry, in the attack on Santiago, Cuba (above) in 1898. to do as much battle duty as a hundred, that it would, to a great extent, Carrington claimed that Dr. Cat- squadron commander who requested supercede the necessity of large ling, "inventor of the gun so-named," it. Among those who did was Admiral armies and consequently exposure to along with the jailer of Louisville, David Dixon Porter, who ordered a battle and disease be greatly dimin- Ky., were the leaders of the organi- Catling sent to Cairo, 111. Others were ished." Our italics. zation and that they'd recently partic- mounted on various boats and Whether his motives were humani- ipated in the burning of a federal bridges. tarian or monetary. Dr. Catling pro- supply boat at Louisville. In Autumn 1864, Gatling moved to ceeded like a man with a mission. By This suspicion was catching. Ripley a Philadelphia plant with an excellent Nov. 4, 1862, he'd received a patent refused to look at Catling's invention reputation. And he began work on a on a machine gun. because he was convinced that the new, improved machine gun. The The Catling gun was unique in that gun might, in some strange way, 1865 model, as it was called, con- it had six barrels, which an operator harm the Union. He also evidently be- tained all the elements of the Catling revolved by turning a crank. This lieved rumors that Gatling had gun that became legend. loaded, cocked and fired the weapon, located his factory in Cincinnati so This weapon was made in one-inch extracted the empty cartridge casing that he could easily deliver weapons and .50 caliber models. In operation, and ejected it from the gun. Since to both North and South. one man installed a feeder loaded each barrel was in use only one-sixth Catling may well have harbored with rim-fire copper-case cartridges of the time that the gun was in opera- sympathies for the South, but it's un- while another aimed the gun and tion, overheating was no problem. If likely he was an active participant in turned the crank. As he turned, a set one or more of the barrels jammed, the Order of American Knights or of bevel gears revolved the main shaft the others continued to fire. any similar organization. He was too and the barrels rotated. The Covernor of Indiana, one of busy perfecting his gun and trying to One by one, the cartridges dropped the first to see the gun tested, assured sell it to any interested party. Union, { Continued on page 34 Catling he'd see to it the gun was Confederate or foreign—or private. Dynamics—Arco Publishing Co. given proper attention in Washing- Catling wrote Lincoln on Feb. 18, ton. So Catling raised money to build 1864. "[The gun] is just the thing six samples. Fire destroyed his fac- needed to aid in crushing the present tory and his engineering blueprints, rebellion," he wrote. "[It] is very but Catling raised more money and simple in its construction, strong and built 12 new guns at a plant in Cin- durable and can be used effectively cinnati. by men of ordinary intelligence." When he attempted to arrange for Though Lincoln had been instru- trials in Washington, however. Brig. mental in getting the Union Army to Cen. J. Y. Ripley, Chief of Ordnance, try Ager's "Coffee Mill" gun, he was turned him down cold. Army author- too busy—and too discouraged with ities had been investigating Caroli- machine guns—to reply. na-born Catling for some time and Meanwhile, Catling and his Cincin- were very suspicious of him. nati associates managed to sell a few According to Henry B. Carrington, guns to Butler and some other Union commanding general of the Indiana commanders. Though the Army Ord- district, Catling belonged to the nance Department wouldn't even look Order of American Knights, a group at the Catling, the Washington Navy of Confederate sympathizers who, Yard gave it an official trial, which Hotchkiss, Browning and Maxim guns busily engaged in was successful enough for Admiral says Chinn, "were replaced Catling's. But one of his ideas aiding the Southern cause by acts of Dahlgren to approve the weapon's has been reborn in the Vulcan system sabotage." adoption, supplying it to any fleet or of weaponry for modern jet fighters.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . JANUARY 1975 19 Dateline Washington

REPLACING WELFARE WITH CASH. STRIKE RIGHT FOR GOVERNMENT WORKERS? PUT-DOWN FOR GLOBAL TELECASTS!

The concept of a guaranteed annual Income all over the globe from the United States

for American families . proposed by the or any other country with the technology Nixon Administration as the "Family- and know-how. Efforts by U.S. proponents Assistance Plan" but rejected by Congress, of the world's right to know, however, have has surfaced again as the "Income Supplement met with little enthusiasm in the United Program" in the Ford Administration. Nations. The idea is to replace the present welfare The Communist countries are dead set program— food stamps, housing subsidies, against permitting free world telecasts to etc., —with cash. President Nixon's reach their TV sets without "prior consent" proposal was to guarantee each American by the recipient countries. The Third family of four with a minimum income of World nations likewise show little en- |3,600 per year. Approved by the House, the thusiasm for TV on a global basis. These legislation was killed in the Senate, countries fear the impact on their people where liberals maintained the income level of the U.S. way of life and high standard was too low and conservatives argued that of living. the plan was too loose. The issue is to come to a head before a The cash concept — once known as the U.N. subcommittee next month. The United "Negative Income Tax" — is supported by States will make a strong appeal, but in legislators who feel a fresh approach is view of the Red—Third World control of the needed to deal more equitably with the United Nations we can expect only another nation's mounting welfare problem and cost. put-down. Opponents argue that the cash cost will be more, not less; and that $3,600 a year for PEOPLE & QUOTES a family of four is below subsistence level. RX FOR CRIMINALS FORD FACES FACTS "The welfare of our so- "Whether it is a recession The new Congress is bracing for the ciety demands that there be or not a recession is imma- political storm that will engulf Capitol prompt, impartial and reso- terial. We have problems." lute handling of career crim- President Ford. Hill when organized labor makes its long- inals by prosecutors and the planned pitch for legislation providing courts." Clarence Kelley, FBI PRACTICAL VIEW Director. the right to strike to nearly 14 million "If the world collapses we federal, state and other government workers MOSCOW SAWY shall collapse with it and we around the country. don't want to." Shah of Iran "The American role in Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. In the offing for years, the legislation maintaining a worldwide

chance for military balance is . . . better is now seen as having a good PAPERWORK PAYROLL passage by the 94th Congress for two understood in Moscow than it is in this country." Sec'y "It is no secret that the reasons: one, the poor economic situation of Defense James Schlesin- paperwork supports a multi- has been accelerating the drive to organize ger. tude of jobs in our industry, government workers, some 5 million of whom as well as in the government are already in the union fold; and two, ANTI-CONTROLS structure ... all at the public's expense. . . ." C. J. Pil- "I can take all the pressure the new Congress is dominated by Democrats, liod, Jr., chairman, anyone can give before I Goodyear Co. many of whom were elected with the help of would give in to wage and Tire & Rubber organized labor. price controls." Sec'y of the Even before the election, the civil = Treasury William Simon. "WASHINGTONOLOGY" backed their unions, displayed "... one of the dangers of servants, by MAN'S PERVERSITY their growing muscle by persuading Congress 'Washingtonology' is that all "It is one of the perversi- of us are so easily seduced to kill President Ford's move to hold up ties of human nature that into ignoring what is clearly their wage increases as a restraint on people have a far greater ca- visible on the surface in inflation. pacity for enduring disasters order to speculate darkly as • • • than for preventing them, to what mysteries lie at the even when the danger is plain heart of things." Irving Krls- The satellites spinning around the earth and imminent." J. William tol, N.Y. Univ. Henry Luce make it feasible for telecasts to be shown Fulbright, former Senator. Professor.

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 , ;. i

VETERANS A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH ARE NEWSLETTER OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU

JANUARY 1975 CONGRESS OVERRIDES PRESIDENT'S future of America and we are grate- VETO OF VIET VETS EDUCATION BILL: ful to the Congress that this long- By an overwhelming margin of 394- sought objective of The American 10 in the House and 90-1 in the Legion is now accomplished. " Senate, Congress in December over- In a supplemental statement, the rode President Ford's veto of HR12628, Cmdr noted that during 1974 the Le- the Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment gion fought a sometimes lonely battle

Assistance Act of 1974. . .The bill to achieve a new law that would sub- was discussed in some detail in stantially assist the nation's young-

Veterans Newsletter for December. . er veterans to complete their educa- However, here are repeated its major tion and readjustment to civilian provisions : It will (1) increase lif e . . . "Early in 1974 there were educational assistance allowances by others who were willing to settle for 22.7% for eligible veterans, wives, less than what The American Legion widows and children and by 18.2% for firmly believed was necessary and vets taking full-time on-the-job due the Vietnam veteran, " the Cmdr training, PREP, flight training or said. . . "We believe we were right to correspondence education programs continue the efforts for adequate (2) liberalize eligibility require- legislation." ments for disabled Viet vets to The Legion had urged Congress to equalize them with WW2 and Korean War include a direct allowance for tuition vets; (3) extend education benefits payments in the new law. However, from 36 to 45 months and authorize agreement could not be reached on direct loans up to §600 a school year this provision between the Senate and to help cover education costs. . .All the House . . . The Legion' s request will amendments in the act are effective be renewed in the 94th Congress immediately except that the rate in- along with increased efforts to crease is retroactive to Sept. 1, achieve pension reform. 1974 and the new loan program takes effect Jan. 1, 1975. A BRIEF LOOK AT SOME FEDERAL LAWS The Legion worked long and hard on ADOPTED DURING 1974 WHICH MAY BE OF this bill with Members of Congress and INTEREST TO VETS AND LEGIONNAIRES: their staffs. As soon as the override Up to presstime the Second Session of the vote was announced, Nat ' 1 Cmdr James 94th Congress had adopted 26 laws which M. Wagonseller sent messages of satisfied all or part of one or more appreciation in the name of 2. 7 million Legion resolutions and about 50 more Legionnaires and nearly one million which affect Legion-supported programs.. Auxiliary members to each Member Here's a brief listing of some of those laws, of Congress who had voted for the new PL93-238 and PL93-437. which provide law. . .He said "Since 1964 The funds for the Dep't of Defense during American Legion has worked for a the remainder of Fiscal Year 1974 and Vietnam Era G.I. Bill designed to for FY 1975... The latter act included meet the soaring costs of educa- restoration of funds originally reduced tion and encourage more young vet- by the Senate for development of the erans to complete their training. B-1 bomber which the Legion insists is a With hundreds of thousands of Viet- vital element in the nation's TRIAD nam Era veterans j oining our ranks defense system. The American Legion has made an PL93-247, which provides financial all-out effort this year to obtain assistance for the prevention, identifi- a bill that would provide these young cation and treatment of child abuse veterans with education and training and neglect. adequate to today ' s needs. While PL93-253, which establishes the Drug HR12628 does not accomplish all that Enforcement Administration. the Legion wanted it does go a long PL93-289, the Veterans' Insurance Act way toward meeting the nation' s com- of 1974, which among other things, mittment to its veterans of post- increases from $15,000 to $20,000 the Korea and the Vietnam Era. This landmark maximum Servicemen's Group Life Insurance legislation is an investment in the coverage for in-service personnel

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 21 , , ,. .

CONTINUED VETERANS NEWSLETTER

and provides for full-time coverage employment and re-employment programs. . for certain members of the Reserves Senate and House-passed versions of this and National Guard. bill were being worked out in conference PL95-295, which provides disability as this is being written. compensation increases for some 2.2 HR15912 to improve the G.I. Home Loan million service-connected disabled program and to increase the grant for vets and dependency indemnity compensation specially adapted housing for seriously benefits for over 300,000 surviving disabled veterans. widows and children. S2363 to increase the VA grant for the PL95-526, raises federal contributions purchase of automobiles for certain for the purchase of agricultural service-disabled veterans and expand commodities for the school lunch program. the list of adaptive equipment that may be PL93-528, which provides postal rate authorized on a continuing basis... The relief for certain nonprofit publications measure also equalizes eligibility for such as this magazine and other Legion such conveyance for Viet vets... The bill publications. . .The new law extends the cleared the Senate and was pending in the phase-in program for increased mailing House Committee on Veterans Affairs at rates from 10 to 16 years. presstime .. .Favorable action was expected. PL95-557, extends from eight to 10 years S3541, to increase the per diem and from date of discharge the period for mileage rates for government employees Vietnam Era veterans to pursue their traveling on official business and for education. service-connected vets authorized to PL95-544, the Congressional Budget travel to and from VA facilities ... Senate and Impoundment Control Act of 1974. and House-passed versions of this measure PL95-380 which, among other things, were being worked out in conference. provides funds to establish veterans » S4013, to amend The American Legion's affairs offices on college campuses charter to redefine eligibility for and other programs. membership. .. The measure passed the Senate PL93-414, provides, among other things, October 4 and was stalled in the House at funds for the Veterans Administration presstime Fiscal Year 1975 budget of nearly S4040, a bill to provide 12% increases $14 billion, funds to continue the in monthly pension benefits to non-service Selective Service System on a standby connected veterans, eligible survivors basis, funds to continue the space shuttle and parents in receipt of dependency program and for the American Battle indemnity compensation. .. It would also Monuments Commission. raise income limitations by $400... The PL93-415 to improve the quality of bill is a stopgap measure and will only juvenile justice and overhaul the buy time for some pensioners pending true federal approach to the problems of pension program ref orms . . . The measure juvenile delinquency and children in cleared Congress and was headed for the trouble, including runaway youths. White House at this writing. PL93-416, authorizes compensation to S4081, the bill to restore Veterans Day federal employees concurrently with to Nov. 11, passed the Senate on Oct. 10 armed services retirement pay or VA and was still sitting in a House Judiciary benefits. Subcommittee awaiting action as Veterans Newsletter went to press .. .Prior to the national elections, the sub-committee had IMPORTANT LEGISLATION STILL AWAITING announced its intentions of holding CONGRESSIONAL ACTION AT PRESSTIME: hearings on the measure commencing in

Though a good deal of veterans' November. . .After the elections the Legion legislation had been passed by Dec . 5, was notified that hearings on the 1974, there was much yet to be done nomination of Nelson Rockefeller for

before year ' s end. . .The following Vice President would probably defer con- legislation was still hanging fire for sideration of Veterans Day legislation one reason or another at presstime. for the remainder of the session... If HR15580, which funds the Dep'ts of this legislation is not enacted by the Labor and Health, Education and Welfare 93rd Congress, it will transfer to the in Fiscal Year 1975. .. Included are funds House Committee on Post Office & Civil for several health and education programs Service because of Congressional reform for children and for improved veterans of committee assignments beginning in 1975.

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 — NEV\fS AMERICAN LEGION AND VETERANS AFFAIRS - - ' JANUARY, 1975

forts to readjust. We believe America Legion's Legislative Program owes him a fighting chance. . . We are duty-bound to support any effort to override this veto." For The 94th Congress The VA's pension program, which Ready had been slated to get a thorough over-

haul by Congress in 1974, didn't get it. Legion goals include: improved veterans and dependents Instead, a stopgap measure to provide a 12% increase in monthly pension strong national defense, tuition payment pension program, benefits to non-service connected vet- for G.I. Bill Viet veterans and protection of VA medical erans, eligible survivors and parents in receipt of dependency indemnity com- system if a national health insurance program is enacted. pensation was being considered along with a $400 increase in income limita- Although The American Legion an- a Presidential veto (see Veterans News- tions. At presstime, the bill had passed nually adopts several hundred resolu- letter). In November, when the bill was Congress and was White House bound. tions at national conventions and Na- first passed, Cmdr Wagonseller urged In Veterans Newsletter for November tional Executive Committeee meetings, President Ford not to veto it. Follow- 1974, the Legion's pension proposal was only a certain number call for new laws ing the veto, he wrote the President that outlined in some detail. Basically, what or amendments to existing laws which "The American Legion is shocked and it seeks is an umbrella level of pension affect veterans, their families and the disillusioned by your veto of legislation payment which would still provide nation at large. These mandates, this designed to improve the lot of the benefits to needy pensioners when all year about 125 of them, are known as younger veteran seeking to further his other income is subtracted from it. The the Legion's Legislative Program. And education and increase his potential for Legion also seeks a link to Social Se- when the 94th Congress convenes this future service to America. We are aware curity raises so that VA benefits would month, it will have perhaps thousands of heavy inflationary pressures for we go up by the same percentage at the of bills to debate and study. Some of are no more immune to them than any same time, thus alleviating any penalty them will be on matters of interest to other group of Americans. However we on VA pensioners because of rising in- the nation's more than 29 million vet- viewed this measure as an investment in come. This would provide some mea- erans and their dependents. America, both from a monetary stand- sure of protection, against inflation. There isn't room to give background point and from the standpoint of devel- Unless this or some similar formula on all of the Legion's resolutions (each oping America's human resources to the is devised VA pensioners will continue has been published in digest form here fullest. We have labored long and hard to have pension benefits reduced or cut during the past several months), so it to help the younger veteran in his ef- off completely whenever Social Security is necessary to select for publication payments or other income for retirees what Legion Legislative Division staffers is increased. believe to be the top issues which have Nat'l Membership Bulletin The Legion's position on national the widest range of interest and affect As of Dec. 5, 1974 national health insurance—evolved after a spe- the broadest spectrum of people. membership in the Legion totaled cial study group deliberated on it for In the October 1974 issue of this 1,667,233 for the 1975 member- over a year—has been published in this magazine, newly elected National Com- ship year— 13,398 ahead of the magazine and presented to Congress. mander James M. Wagonseller (Ohio) same date a year earlier—with 34 Basically, it flows from two central outlined five major areas for emphasis departments leading that pace. Also themes: (1) that the Legion will oppose in his Legion year. Two of these points for 1975, Nat'l Cmdr Wagonseller's any national health insurance plan were non-legislative. One concerned the new post formation program seemed which does not contain specific guaran- need to form new Legion posts, thereby to be off to a good start. Up to tees to preserve the Veterans Adminis- increasing membership and serving presstime, 12 new posts (three in tration medical care system for veterans communities better. The other urged Pennsylvania, two each in Florida, and (2) that the eligibility of veterans posts to find ways to celebrate the Bi- South Carolina and Texas, and one for VA care must be preserved. centennial (Spirit of '76) locally. each in Illinois, Louisiana and North In addition to mandates seeking ade- The other three points were definitely Carolina) had been formed and a quate funds for fiscal 1976 for the Vet- in the legislative area and continue to total of $850 worth of incentive erans Administration and the various be of major Legion concern. They are: prizes had been distributed. Final federal departments and agencies whose ( 1 ) to secure a tuition allowance under figures for the 1974 membership programs the Legion supports, here are the G.I. Bill for Vietnam Era veterans; year are not yet complete and are some primary legislative goals for the (2) to urge Congress to update and re- scheduled to be reported in Febru- First Session of the 94th Congress and form the veterans and dependents pen- ary News of the Legion. However, the Legion national commission areas sion program and (3) to make Congress up to presstime, six departments from which the mandates emanated: the posi- • thoroughly aware of Legion's (Ariz., Fla., Md., Minn., N.D., and Americanism: Legislation to prohibit tion national health insurance. the on S.D.) had made all-time highs with employment of illegal aliens (see At presstime, legislation to improve 17 departments exceeding their pre- December 1974 issue) and to require the G.I. education assistance program vious year's membership and 25 an oath of allegiance by applicants for passports though without a tuition allowance reaching assigned goals. (see September 1974 issue) had been overwhelmingly adopted over and for federal employment purposes.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 23 NEWS

Additionally, the Legion will be in- National Legislative Commission, The American Legion volved in 1975 in efforts to (1) obtain 1608 K Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20006 further relief from increased postal rates for our Date national and departmental publications and (2) to protect The Enclosed is $ . . . .($4.00 per subscription). Please send the National American Legion against the loss of its Legislative Bulletin to: tax-exempt status on property located No. Dept. in the District of Columbia. Legion Post For a look back at the accomplish- NAME ments of the Second Session of the 93rd Congress during 1974, see Veterans ADDRESS Newsletter which precedes this news CITY section. Veterans Newsletter also con- tains the latest possible news of Subscription sent by legislation which was expected to be enacted Address City state before 1974 passed into history. (Please print or type al information Make checks payable to THE AMERICAN Interested Legionnaires who wish to LEGION) keep up to date with veterans legislation in more detail are invited to sub- scribe to the National Legislative Bulletin for Also legislation to update the U.S. Flag war veterans in all federally financed $4.00 annually. A coupon is provided for Code. The Legion has been pressing employment and opposition to removal subscription purposes. this last for well over a decade. Even of the G.I. Home Loan program from those well informed on flag etiquette are the VA. Vets Benefits Not Welfare sometimes confused about various flag • Foreign Relations: Maintain U.S. usages and abuses. "We take the position that wartime A better written control of the Panama Canal and con- and more modern code will help clear veterans are a special class, who, having tinue efl:orts to obtain an accounting of the confusion. If served the nation in wartime, are de- new laws are not MIA's in Southeast Asia. adopted soon, the American Bicenten- serving of special treatment," said Nat'l • National Security: Adequate national nial will pass and the country will still Cmdr James M. Wagonseller in response defense systems and support for the have an antiquated code governing its to publication in early December of a total force concept. national symbol. 20th Century Fund Task Force report • Veteraqs Affairs & Rehabilitation: which urged, among other • Children & Youth: An amendment things, the Maintain the VA as the sole agency incorporation of certain veterans to the Soldiers and Sailors Civil Relief bene- providing benefits to veterans; establish fits into the general welfare area. Act to solve existing problems pertain- additional national cemeteries and im- Said the Cmdr "The general ing to the adoption of children of premise provements in the VA medical program ... is, of course, a proposal with servicemen and legislation to assist which fam- including higher pay and better work- we totally disagree. In all fairness, ilies faced with catastrophic illnesses. we ing conditions for professional person- would rather withhold definitive com- • Economic: Strengthen the office of nel to insure adequate care and treatment until we have had the opportunity Veterans Employment, preference for ment of veterans and dependents. to review the report in detail."

The U. S. Air Force Museum At Dayton, Ohio Legionnaires traveling about the country by auto may want to visit the U. S. Air Force Museum (photo right) located at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio. The oldest and largest military aviation museum in the world, it covers the subject from the Wright Brothers to space travel with aircraft of all sizes and descriptions, films, aeronautical items, military equipment and exhibits. Operated by the Air Force, it is open every day of the year except Christmas Day. There is no admission charge and visitors can tour without guides. Photography is en- couraged and a coffee shop and gift shop are on the premises. The museum accepts suitable items donated for display. Visitors should exit Ohio Route 4 at Harshman Road, about five miles north- east of Dayton. From time to time. News of the Legion will publish information on other service museums around the nation.

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 In August 1971 photo (above, left) an emaciated Jim Nunn had bedsores so bad they almost helped cause death. Above, right, the Viet vet paraplegic poses for photo in October 1974 with Nurse Wallace who pioneered new bedsore healing technique.

No More Bedsores tected, also seemed to heal better than He'd had a colostomy performed, had tissue not so protected. terrible bedsores partly attributed to If you have ever laid in a hospital bed — And though she had used karaya in a his paraplegia—had lost 90 lbs and was with bedsores or known some one who relative manner on other patients the hanging on to life by the proverbial suffered with them, this story will in- technique was really challenged when it thread. terest you. was used on Jim Nunn, a 21 -year-old Mrs. Wallace dressed his wounds, ap- A VA nurse working in the Louis- paraplegic Vietnam Era vet with a seri- plied his ostomy bag, sprinkled karaya ville, Kentucky VA Hospital has dis- ous abdominal wound. He was one of powder around the opening for the tube, covered a technique that dramatically the first to have karaya employed on his using the accepted technique for protec- cures skin ulcers, commonly known as chronic skin ulcers. It was on Jim and tion, then also sprinkled karaya powder bedsores and medically known as decu- other veterans with similar cases that the over some other nearby skin ulcers. Then bitus ulcers. dramatic curative properties of karaya she covered the wound area with a sheet But by whatever name known, they're and associated techniques of care be- of clear, plastic wrap such as used by bad news. Not only do bedsores hamper came evident. housewives so that the wound would be recovery from disease or injury, they When Jim (see photos above) was protected, could be observed without dis- also debilitate the patient and can con- placed in her care, he was in bad shape. turbance and his bed could be kept tribute to death.

So it was truly an important discovery Andrews Sisters Get N.Y. when Nurse Gladys Chowning Wallace County Legion Award (R.N.), first applied karaya gum and powder to a patient's wounds and found that somehow this helped cure stubborn skin ulcers. Though Nurse Wallace would be the first to describe it as a technique of care rather than a cure, there isn't any doubt that the procedure works. Research is currently moving forward on karaya and associated uses and techniques. Mean- while, requests for information on it pour in to the Louisville VA Hospital from all over the nation and from some foreign countries. A clinical nurse specialist. Nurse Wal- lace had been using karaya gum and powder on skin ulcers and wounds of similar nature for protective reasons. Karaya is a vegetable gum derived from certain trees in India where it is har- vested. A sterculia gum, it is primarily used to seal openings around artificial openings in the body where appliances The Andrews Sisters (Patty, left and Maxene, right), stars of the Broadway show, are used. "Over Here," a nostalgic view of WW2, receive Entertainer of the Year Awards from Mrs. Wallace noticed that skin on the N.Y. County Legion at a Veterans Day performance of the musical at New York's Shubert Theater. More than 100 Legionnaires were in wounds or openings in the body of this the audience. Participating in the awards presentation were (I to r): Paul Wendel, M.C., Peter Massimino, N.Y. type besides being well sealed and pro- County Cmdr, who made the presentation, and Program Chairman John Morahan.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 25 NEWS cleaner. This was in June of 1971. discharged veterans (those 20-24 years Earlier, Oakland A's pitcher Rollie The next day, as reported in the old) continued to experience higher un- Fingers was awarded the "Most Valuable American Journal of Nursing, "it was employment than their nonveteran coun- Player" title for the 1974 World Series. apparent that the patient's intensive med- terparts. The jobless rate for these young Fingers played Legion ball with Upland ical treatment was proving effective, for veterans was 11.7% compared with Post 73, Upland, Cal., and was named he was generally improved." Within 8.2% for young nonveterans. Jobless 1964 Legion "Player of the Year." seven days, Jim's entire abdomen was rates for most of the veteran and non- covered with new, pink, smooth and veteran groups were above their year- World Vets To Gather healthy skin! Nurse Wallace discussed ago levels." In June 1974, News of the Legion re- the results with Jim's surgeon who ported on a World Assembly of War his leg ul- okayed similar treatment on Legion Baseball Graduates Veterans which is scheduled to take his cers and back sores. Within 75 days Two Legion baseball graduates in the place in Sydney, Australia, Aug. 11-16, leg ulcers were completely healed and in major leagues have won Baseball 1975 under the sponsorship of The Re- just over 90 days his back ulcers were Writer's Ass'n Cy Young Awards. turned Services League of Australia. healed. In short order Jim gained 60 lbs Jim (Catfish) Hunter, right-handed At present, planning for the assembly and was on his way out of the hospital by pitching ace of the World Champion includes addresses by world personali- outpatient treat- December to receive Oakland A's, won the American League ties, business and social meetings, sight- ment and visiting nurse care at home. Award and Mike Marshall, Los Angeles seeing, a parade and other events. Louisville Hospital has since The VA Dodgers relief pitching wizard, got the For further information—including used karaya vegetable and powder gum National League Award. estimated costs for such a trip—contact successfully for more than 100 patients, Marshall played Legion baseball with The Executive Officer, Assembly Secre- including paraplegics and quadriplegics Post 97 of Adrian, Michigan, and tariat, GPO Box 2609, Sydney, Aus- in- with decubitus ulcers, amputees with Hunter played with Hertford County tralia, 2001. Send your inquiry via air fected leg stumps and diabetics. No un- Post 102 of Attoskie, N.C. mail. toward effects or complications have been reported. The treatment is also being used in Kentucky hospitals and in other hospitals around the country. Mrs. Wallace has been in nursing all Legion Fire Safety Decal Set her life, including four years service as a WW2 operating room Army nurse in the European theater. A warm, person- able woman, she describes her work as "very rewarding." She used to belong to the Legion following WW2 but family, work and necessary continued nursing education took up most of her time. She may rejoin the Legion after retirement next year to help "keep the boys in line." She will have 30 years with the VA by then. The last paragraph of a letter Mrs. Wallace wrote to this magazine in response to our inquiry for information pretty well sums up the kind of person she is: "My brother and I are proud to have served in WW2. My nephews served during the Korean War and my one and only son served four years in the U.S. Navy during the Vietnam War. I am proud indeed to be able to continue to serve those who have served."

Jobs For Vets?

Veterans are still hurting for jobs. That's the word as reported by the Bu- Above is an actual-size replica reflective decal fire reau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Dep't of a set promoting safety which is part of a new Legion Children & Youth Commission cam- of Labor at the end of October 1974. paign to help reduce death by fire in the home. It is available to posts Although the national unemployment for distribution to homes in their areas along with instructions on how to rate for all workers stood at 6% at that place the decals most effectively. Also enclosed is fire safety promotion literature for use in cooperation with local and state health and fire pre- time (which wasn't good), it was worse vention agencies. There are two decals to the set. One, with adhesive on for veterans, especially younger veterans. the back, is for placement at floor level on doors leading into a child's or According to the BLS, "the unemploy- invalid's room (firemen usually crawl into smoke-filled areas since the air ment rate for Vietnam Era veterans is better at that level). The other, with adhesive on the front, is designed 20-34 years old, at 5.6% in October, was to be placed inside glass windows at the front of a house to alert firemen responding to a call. Order these highly visible decals and supporting about unchanged from the previous material from The American Legion, National Emblem Sales, P.O. Box month, remaining below the jobless rate 1055, Indianapolis, Ind., 46206 at $15 for 100 sets or $50 for 500 sets. of their nonveteran counterparts (6.4%). However, the most recently

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 Library Donors Thanked BRIEFLY NOTED by merchants and friends. Chairman Sunshine Committee for The Richland County (Ohio) Legion of the Camp the past eight years has been Bruce Council set up an information and Shannon, a Past Cmdr of the Com- veterans assistance booth at the County mittee and Past Cmdr of Post 667, Fair in Mansfield and processed mem- Havertown. bership renewals, new applications, and re-instatements. Vietnam veteran bonus Possibly celebrating the abandonment applications were disbursed and assis- of the ersatz October 28th date for tance given in filling out the forms. Veterans Day as well as remembering Widows and families of deceased and the nation's veterans, about 200,000 disabled veterans got help and informa- persons watched a two-hour parade in tion pertaining to their benefits. Boston, Mass., sponsored by the Suf- folk County Council and the city. Lt. Nassau Co., N.Y.: Aided History Library Gov. Donald Dwight represented Gov. Representatives of Nassau Co., N.Y., Francis Sargent in exercises held at the Legion posts which have helped Hofstra State House. Among those with specific Univ. more than double the size of its duties were Joseph DeCastro, Past library collection on New York State Cmdr West Roxbury Post 78; Frances history were President Robert L. Pay- Fowler, Post Cmdr All-Nurses Post ton's guests at a Veteran's Day luncheon 296, Boston; Eugene McCarthy, Past at Hofstra. Cmdr Dorchester Post 60, and Harry Post Payton, Library officials and over 50 Charney, of Post 178. Waltham Legionnaires and Auxiliary members 156 marchers put down their instru- ments in front of the Mayor's review- gave special recognition to James N. Legionnaires hear ex-POW's opinions. MacLean, Esq., chairman emeritus of ing stand and sang "God Bless the James N. MacLean American Le- Commanders and delegates representing America." gion Memorial Library at Hofstra. Legionnaires of the Tri-County (Florida) Capt. Ralph Niesz, Ass't Supt., U.S. "Since he first organized it in 1952, Mr. Council heard Navy Cmdr John S. Mc- W. Coast Academy, was presented MacLean's vigorous leadership has Cain, 3rd, tell his experience as a POW Guard Distinguished Service Citation of brought the collection to a total of in North Vietnam for five and one-half the Legion, Dep't of Con- 5,000 books, photographs and other re- years. The meeting was held at Post 129, The American sources," said Payton. Jacksonville Beach. The commander, necticut, by Dep't Cmdr Joseph Mardu. The award was given to Captain Niesz "In addition to the 3,500 items the who is 38, is the son of Adm. John S. Library has secured with its own funds, McCain, Jr., and because of this was this has given the University one of the subjected to special interrogations by his best collections on N.Y. state history." captors. Admiral McCain was the Com- The National Hq of the Legion also mander of all United States Forces in the honored MacLean at the luncheon. Pacific Theater during the Vietnam Con-

flict. 1. to rt., are Harrison In the photo above, 1. to rt., are In the photo, Eugene Box, County Adjutant; Charles Horton, Post 129 Cmdr; Charles Levitt, Graham, County Cmdr; McLean; Pay- Jr., 5th District Cmdr; Cmdr McCain; ton; and Ernst Viegleman, CoVCmdr. Calvin Gray, Cmdr, Florida Northern Tri- Unlike some memorials, the MacLean Area; and Robert Sowerby, Cmdr collection includes numerous donations County Council. made in honor of living persons. "Our Coast Guard Academy aids Boys' State. experience has been that people receive Nat'l Cmdr James M. Wagonseller great satisfaction in knowing that the headed a group of 120 Legion leaders in recognition of his noteworthy service people they honor with their gifts are who comprised the official party attend- to the Legion Boys' State program. In able to enjoy that honor while they are ing the 4th annual Legion Day at the 1974 the Academy hosted the Boys still alive," noted J. Terry Bender, di- Races at the Laurel, Md., race course. Staters for the second summer in a row. rector of special collections. Cmdr Wagonseller presented the Nat'l The captain is a member of USS Tampa Hofstra officials also gave special Cmdr's Cup in the winner's circle to Coast Guard Post 719. In the photo, recognition to: Post 265, Garden City, David G. Smieth, owner of the winning from left, are Hugh Graham, Dep't for the largest per capita donation to horse in the seventh race, which had Adjutant; Cmdr Mardu, Captain Niesz, the collection. The post's name will be been designated The American Legion and RADM William Jenkins, Supt. of inscribed on a silver bowl kept in the Nat'l Cmdr's Purse. The Commander the Academy. Library; Glenwood Landing Post 336, led the race day crowd in the Pledge given a certificate of appreciation for of Allegiance and presented a plaque To bolster a VA Hospital program, Le- the largest actual donation to the collec- to John D. Schapiro, President of the gion leadership in the 11th District, tion; Auxiliary Unit 1812, Plainview, Laurel Race Course, in appreciation Arizona, hit upon the idea of a picnic awarded a certificate of appreciation for outstanding contributions to vet- with an old-time country auction. Ari- for the largest contribution by an erans. zona statesmen joined with Legion- Auxiliary. Col. Gerald Sutliffe, ret., for naires and their families in bidding for his contribution to the development of Camp Sunshine, a Delaware County donated items ranging from TV sets to college libraries and his leadership in (Pa.) Committee Legion project, pro- weekend vacations. With the accruing the Post 265 victory; Baldwin Post 246; vides entertainment, toys, and cloth- funds, the District was able to present Hicksville Post 421; Valley Stream ing for boys and girls on separate the Phoenix VA Hospital with a much- Post 854; West Hempstead Post 1087; days. Funds are supplied by posts in needed piano. In the photo, seated, is Uniondale Post 1487; and Hempstead the D.C. area and the D.C. Committee. Rev. Robert Zetlau, Hospital Chaplain;

Post 390. Clothing and some toys are donated standing, I. to rt., are Ray Hackl, Dis-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 27 NEWS

known in Western movies. He has been and delivers food and cofi'ee to the a cow poke, miner, sailor and support- site, and feeds the firemen on their ing actor for many famous performers. return. For over six years the post An expert bartender, dancer and motor- petitioned Pennsylvania's representatives ist, he enjoys living and serving in in Harrisburg and Washington to do Legion activities. Here he is shown something about the burning slag banks with his car and special license plate, near the town. Not only are they a in a photo taken, it would seem, before source of air pollution, they pose a the birthday party. lethal threat to children playing in the areas. Pockets burn inside the banks and become porous. A child could sink through and burn to death. As a result of Post 239's efforts, a $1.8 mil-

Picnic, auction help VA iiospital fund. lion Operation Scarlift contract was awarded, with scheduled completion trict Chaplain; Alice Peterson, VAVS date of July 1976. A reservoir was built Rep.; Lee Roehrman, Past District for the sole purpose of obtaining water Cmdr; and Milton Michaels, VA Hos- to extinguish the fire, which is being pital Director. constantly exposed by the use of bull- dozers. POSTS IN ACTION Americanism awards at Post 126, N.J.

Post 126, Cliifside Park, N.J., at a din- ner-dance, honored three men for "ex- emplifying the basic ideals of 100% Americanism by their devoted service to community, county and state." From the left in the photo are MC Joseph Job, Bergen Co. Sheriff; the three award re- cipients, all Post 126 members: Bergen Co. Judge James F. Madden; Bergen Co. Prosecutor Joseph C. Woodcock, Jr.; and ClifTside Park Mayor Gerald A. Calabrese. Post Cmdr Charles Zalewski, the presentations. at right, made Presentation at Post 1, Shanghai, China PPCmdr Harry Stanchak, Jr., was com- With membership rising from 176 (in mittee chairman, assisted by PPCmdr Frank Kull and Past President Mrs. 1972) to 445 (in 1973) to 785 at present, the Generals Chennault Frank Kull, and Past President Mrs. Ward and plate. Cap Fields anticipates new license Post 1 (China) continues its quest for Harry Stanchak, Jr. members. This post is also designated A well-known motion picture actor and as Post 43, Dep't of Hawaii, and "The revered Legionnaire, Walter "Cap" In a long history of community service. Soldiers of Fortune Post Operating in Fields, was given a 100th birthday party Post 239, Williamstown, Pa., recently Exile Since 1948, Shanghai, China." In at California's 24th District meeting, provided shelter for 286 flood victims, the photo, Dave Conley gets his vice hosted by Topanga Post 796. Fields is loaned to the community a room in the cmdr's pin from Jeff Johnson. Cinema TV Post 561, Hollywood, post home for a Youth Center, hosts Cmdr. He is a former Navy captain youth football and baseball team meet- COMRADES IN DISTRESS and served in the Spanish-American ings and equips the teams. Post 239 Hahn Air Base, Germany—Need information from anyone who knows whereabouts War as well as in WWl and WW2. In has 15 hospital beds and other equip- of Daniel E. Sandberg (or his wife Judith Ann), former Air Force Staff Sgt was 1913 he began a career as an actor in ment which it lends (and delivers) to who involved in car accident in Lautzenhau- motion pictures and has over 2,000 persons needing it. When the fire com- sen. Sandberg, of 50th Security Police Sqdn, left Germany before a settlement film credits. His beard and curled-up pany responds to a blaze (in the post- was made in his case and was discharged mustache and resonant voice are well- donated fire truck), the post prepares from Air Force. Sandberg, who has at present $4,513 coming to him, should write his German attorneys, R. Caspari and Ber- ger, 555 Bernkastel, Germany, or write Base Legal Office, 50th CSGp, APO 09109, giving his old AF Serial number. Sand- berg's last known home of record was Spokane, Wash., and he held a P.O. Box at Burbank, Wash. Marines, MDTA, Hawthorne, Nev. (Jan or Feb 1954)—Need to hear from a Marine captain who investigated the circumstances leading to the hospitalization in USN Hospital, Oaknoll, Calif., of Isaac Rylander, a black Marine, who had a nervous condition. Need information from any comrade who recalls Rylander's case. Write "CD246, American Legion Magazine, 1345 Ave. of the Americas, New York, N.Y." 3rd Marine Div, 3rd Tank Bn, Co A (Guam March or April 1945)—Need information from Tank Gunner Aranda; Corp Peppard. Tk Cmdr; Pfc DeMeers; Pfc Hersey; Nat'l M. Wagonseller the dedication speaker at new post home cere- and Cmdr James was any other comrades who recall that Frank monies for Post 13L Warrensburg, Mo. Legion Executive Director James S. Whitfield O. Ortiz hurt his back while picking up was master of ceremonies. Also attending were Charles L. Bacon, Legion Past Nat'l equipment and the corpsman told him to "sleep on a board." Write "CD247, Ameri- Vernon C. Tharp; Col. William M. Kottas, Cmdr, 351st Cmdr (1961-62); Dep't Cmdr can Legion Magazine, 1345 Ave. of the Missile Wing, Whiteman AFB; and many Warrensburg civic, educational leaders. Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019"

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 Winners in the Legion's 1974 Nat'l a woman's purse at a subway station, One-Year post history contest have he went to the woman's aid, took the been announced by Noiie C. Deas, Sr., knife away from the thief and held him Ocala, Fia., Nat'l Historian. Post 493, for police. Queen is the public affairs Jackson Center, Ohio, won first place, officer at Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn. $150 and a citation. Second place went to Hollywood, Calif., Women's Post Frank J. Giambra, Tonawanda, N.Y., 185, $100 and a citation. Third, Clif- awarded the 1974 Hilbert College, ton, Kans., Post 227, $75 and citation. Hamburg, Governors Award, recogniz- Fourth, Post 399, Okauchees, Wis,, $50 ing his services to the community. He and citation. Fifth, Post Hobbs, 26, serves on the Legion's Aerospace Com- N.M., $25 and citation. Fourteen posts mittee of the Nat'l Security Commission were given honorable mention in the and is secretary-treasurer of the Nat'l national contest. American Legion Press Assoc. Post 83, Texas, looks to Bicentennial.

Anticipating the Bicentennial, the Color DEATHS Guard of Post 83, Austin, Tex., has Past gone colonial in its dress, and when Roscoe B. Gaither, 80, Mexico, (1948- called on to fire a volley discharges Nat'l Executive Committeeman black powder in muzzle-loading rifles. 52) and Alternate Nat'l Executive Com- in 1945-48. as Its unique show won it the 1974 Texas mitteeman He served Legion Color Guard championship and Legion Nat'l Foreign Relations Com- chairman created a demand for it to appear at mission Liaison Committee many ceremonial occasions in Texas. in 1950-52. Sports-minded Post 1597, Crotonville, N.Y., sponsors Little League, fast-pitch Softball for young adults 16-25 years, PEOPLE IN THE NEWS Clarence W. Van Ness, 82, Tarpon slow-pitch for 35-plus, and summer and Springs, Fla.; a member of the Ne- winter high school hockey, and bowling. braska Legion, he attended the Legion's St. Louis Caucus.

Post 626, Broadview, 111., donated a Heywood C. Hosch, 76, Gainesville, 21-inch TV to the patients at Hines Ga., Past Dep't Adjutant (1923-24) and VA Hospital. Making the presentation Alternate Nat'l Executive Committee- were Len Moscicke, Lee Dahl, Post man in 1924-25. Cmdr Tommy Lee, and William Knights. Norman H. Hopkins, Hope, R.I., Past Dep't Cmdr (1966-67). Post 11, Douglas, Ariz., contributes the use of its meeting hall and kitchen to the Bisbee-Douglas Nutrition Proj- Stanley E. Davis, 81, Reno, Nev., Past ect, which provides meals for handi- Dep't Cmdr (1936-37) and Alternate capped people. Nat'l Executive Committeeman in 1938- General Mier and Donald Jeffery 40.

American Legion Life Insurance Donald H. Jeftery, Philadelphia, a < Richard Clark Smidley, India- IVIonth Ending Oct. 31, 1974 Nat'l Vice Cmdr of the Legion, given 61, napolis, Ind., Immediate Past Dep't Ad- Benefits paid Jan. 1-Oct. 31, 1974..$ 1,921,336 the Distinguished Service Award from Benefits paid since April 1958 17,454,762 jutant (1969-72). He was assistant Basic units in force (number) 146,542 the Pennsylvania Dep't of Military Af- Applications approved since Dep't Adjutant from 1959 to 1969. New fairs for his role in helping to establish Jan. 1, 1974 6,379 New Applications declined 1,070 the Veterans Action Centers now open New Applications suspended (applicant failed to return throughout the Commonwealth. In the Carl A. Dixon, 75, New Britain, Conn., healtli form) 694 photo, State Adjutant General Maj. member of Aviators Legion Post, New American Legion Life Insurance is an cfRcial Gen. Harry J. Mier, Jr., gave the award York, N.Y., pioneer aerial photog- program of The American Legion, adopted a by the National Executive Committee, 1958. to Jeffery, a Past Dep't Cmdr (1973-74). rapher who in 1919 was a pilot on a It is decreasing term insurance, issued on application to paid-up members of The 52-day goodwill flight made by Law- American Legion subject to approval based rence of Arabia from Paris to Cairo. on health and employment statement. Death Arthur C. Becker, Southfield, Mich., with age, ranging from a benefits decrease Director He joined the Royal Flying Corps in maximum of $40,000 for four units up Civ-Defense and the Legion's 1917 and served as a bomber pilot. through age 29 (age 25 in Ohio) to a mini- 18th District CD chairman, won first mum of $250 for one unit at age 75 or over. After WWl he became a barnstorming Protection no longer stops at age 75, cover- place in the Nat'l Civil Defense con- age may be carried for life as long as the pilot in the United States and flew with test sponsored by the U.S. Council. annual premium is paid, the insured re- CD the Ivan R. Gates Air Circus. was mains a member of The American Legion, He won on Special Publications. He He and the Plan stays in effect. Available up to an active aviator from 1917 to 1967. four units at a flat rate of $24 per unit a year also received three other awards. on a calendar year basis, pro-rated during the first year at $2 a month per unit for insurance approved after January 1. Under- John Madden, Jr., 84, Wichita, Kans., written by two commercial life insurance Robert I. Queen, a Bronx, N.Y., Le- who attended the St. companies, the Occidental Life Insurance Co. gionnaire, commended by the President Louis Caucus of of California and United States Life Insur- the Legion. ance Co. in the City of New York. American and by the Governor for having helped Legion Insurance Trust Fund is managed by trustees operating under the laws of Misouri. police capture two armed bandits who No other insurance may use the full words had held up a jewelry store, and for Rev. Alpha Hunter Kenna, Topeka, "American Legion." Administered by The 87, American Legion Life Insurance Division, an additional involvement in which, Kans., who attended the Legion's Paris to P.O. Box 5609, Chicago, Illinois 60680, seeing a which write for more details. man armed with a knife take Caucus.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . JANUARY 1975 29 NEWS

303rd Sig Oper LIFE MEMBERSHIPS Jackson-Driesbach Post 211, Port St. Bn (WW2)— (Sept) F. Gum 3rd, Frankford, Del. 19945 The award of a life membership to a Le- Joe, Fla.; Nichols-Coleman-Boggs Post 306th Field Signal Bn— (Sept) Claude Mc- gionnaire by his Post is a testimonial by Kinney, 29 Jewett Ave., Cortland, 566, Greenup, III.; Billsam Post 181, NY those who know him best that he has served 311th Ord Co— (Sept) Jack Scott, PO Box The American Legion well. Vicksburg, Miss.; American Legion Post 961, Princeton, W. Va. 24740 Below are listed some of the previously 337th Reg't, 328th FA, 310th Eng— (July) unpublished life membership Post awards 770, Columbus, Ohio.; Joe B. Chastain Charles Hacker, 816 N. Shippen St., Lan- reported to the editors. They caster, Pa. 17602 that have been Post Tex.; and Master Sgt. are arranged by States or Departments. 645, Waco, 338th Inf, 1st Bn (WW2)—(May) R. Souder, 1837 Waverland Cir., Macon, Ga. 31201 J. Stone John Roy Post 120, Petersburg, Va. John W. Powell (1971), Ben (1972), 353rd Inf (WWl)— (Aug) Mrs. E.B. Bryant James H. Crittenden Horace Shurtz. (1970), 4 E. 19th St. Hutchinson, Kans. 67501 (1974-75) and T.E. Johnson (1973) Post 25-58, 549th REUNIONS AAA, Bat B— ( July) Frank Watry, 1909 Tgx-Ark OUTFIT Bell Rd., Niles, Mich. 49120 U.S.N. Johnson, Richard B. Millen, J. Dan Reunion will be held in month indicated. 1605th Ord M Auto Maint PI, Avn— (June) Moy and Eugene E. Nlckey (all 1974-75) Post For particulars write person whose address Ludwig Metzger, 288 Sussex Rd., Wood- 130, Grass Valley, Calif. Ridge, N.J. 07075 Philip E. Dietz, David L. Arnst and Earl is given. Notices accepted on official forms only. 3159th Sig Serv Bn & 24th Reg Sta— (May) M. Ward (all 1974) Post 231, Calistoga, Calif. addressed Sidney Watkin, GPO Box 1137, York, 175, East For form send stamped, return New Gerald A. Cullen (1973) Post NY 10001 Conn. envelope to O. R. Form, American Legion Haven, Evac Hosp 8 (WWl)— (Sept) William Leslie Chase, Earl Rust, Ray Tolbert (all Magazine, 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New Van York, N.Y. 10019. Notices should be received Arsdale, 303 No. Ave., Greer, So. Car. 29651 1974) Post 8, Georgetown, Del. at least five before Military Railway Service— (Sept) James Mc- James McLean (1974) Post 43, Homestead, months scheduled re- Namara, 332 So. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Fla. union. No written letter necessary to get form. 111. 60604 Ralph C. Teems (1975) Post 40, Ringgold, Mitchell Conval Hosp (Camp Lockett, Ga. Earliest submission favored when volume Calif.) of requests is too great to print all. —(Aug) Norman Ivers, 1406 Ave B, Del Cecil I. Barrett and Edward A. Lamb (both Rio, Tex 78840 1974) Post 670, Algonquin, 111. Reuel R. Fugitt (1974) Post 231, Aurora, ARMY NAVY Ind. 2nd Arm'd Div (WW2)— (Jvdy) Loren Clifford F. Townsend (1975) Post 188, Guge, 2nd 910 Dye Rd. Kokomo, Ind. 46901 Motor Trans Bn, H&S Co (WW2)— Kansas City, Kan. 5th Div (Sept) John Pflaum, 170 Evergreen, (Sept) John Grady, 111 Boyce St., Auburn, Carlyle J. Herbert, Sr. (1974) Post 26, — Elmhurst. lU. 60126 Mass. 01501 6th Div—(Aug) Arthur Baumgartner, Rt.#3 4th Marine Amphib Tr Bn—(Aug) John Ben- Arthur J. O'keefe (1973), Bernard N. Pan- edict, Box 159, Festus, Mo. 63028 26741 N. Shore Dr., RD#2, Beloit, O. ajia (1971). John T. Quinn, Richard J. Rey- — 6th 7th Field Art'y— (Sept) Matthew Bronisz, 104 Naval Dist Sh Patrol (WW2)—(July) nolds and William L. Reynolds (all 1973) Post Harold Ross, 955 Ninth Ave., Brackenridge. Boston, Mass. Carman Rd., Manchester, Conn. 06040 67, So. 10th Arm'd Div (Western Chap.)—(May) Pa. 15014 Harold Pivirotto and Frank Bevins (both 23rd Seabees— (July) Wm. Gardiner, 23 Win- Tyngsboro, Mass. Johnny Johnson, 502 W. Orchid Lane, 1974) Post 247, Phoenix, Ariz. 85016 gate Rd., Waltham, Mass. 02154 Harold C. Ide (1974) Post 94, Cadillac, 26th 11th Arm'd Div—(Aug) Alfred Pfeiffer, 2328 Seabees— (Sept; Harry Friedrich, 3671 Mich. Mockingbird Ln, Dayton, O. 45430 Munising, Admiral St., Aliquippa, Pa. 15001 WilUam L. Dore' (1974) Post 131, 33rd Seabees—(Sept) A. Crowder, 1208 Jes- Mich. 18th CAC— (Sept) Chas. Justus, 625 Yaronia Dr. N., Columbus, O. 43214 samine St., Cayce, S.C. 29033 Leon Lease, Frank Kozisek and WiUiam 35th 24th Div—(Aug) G. Stevenson, 168 Center Seabees—(Aug) Phil Silver, 924 Strat- Cotton (all 1974) Post 298, Foley, Minn. ford Ct., Ave., WheeUng, 111. 60090 Westbury, NY 11590 Robert N. Wolfe, Lawrence W. Binger, Je- 59th Seabees (WW2)—(Aug) John Bussey, rome A. Buser, Walter E. Gruetzman and 30th MP Platoon— (Sept) Lucius Hamilton, 2439 Gayland Rd., Jacksonville, 2119 Clayton Ave., Charleston, So. Car. WilUs J. Duncan (all 1974) Post 599, St. Paul, Fla. 32218 32nd Div, Co C & 135th Medical Reg't Band— 61st Seabees— (July) Alvis Stokes, Delight, Minn. Ark. 71940 Frank Goe, Elmer Kobold, Kenneth Lewis, (Aug) Clarence Mitten, Jr., 434 So. Central, Composite Sqdn 91 ( VC91)— ( July) Edwin L. C. Llnthacum and Ray Oxford (all 1969) Marshfield,, Wis. 54449 34th Div— (Sept) Secretary, 34th Inf Div. Spencer, 9105 Burley Dr., Bethesda, Md Post 8, Hardin, Mont. Destroyer Sqdn 48 (USS Assoc, PO Box 616, Des Moines, la 50303 Kidd, Walker, Ab- Richard A. Dugan and Harold S. Kaufmann bot, Erben, Hale, Stembel, Bullard, Black, York, N.Y. 40th Eng Combat Reg't— (Sept) Mrs. D. (both 1974) Post 6, New Chauncey)—(Aug) Harrold Monning, 310 Robert E. Pate, Jr. (1975) Post 102, New Byrnes, 3073 Firestone Dr., Sterling Hts., Mich. E. 8th St., Kewanee, 111. 61443 York, N.Y. 48077 N.Y. Fleet 58th (A) FA Bn (WW2)—(Aug) C. Hutch- PO— (June) Victor Beaucaire, Clarence Nicholson, Charles W. Steere and 15859 LeClaire Ave., ison, 17 N. Georgia Ave., Greenville, SC Apt. A 116 Oak Forest, Ernest Upton (all 1974) Post 601, Parish, N.Y. 111. 60452 65th Div—(Aug) Fred Cassata, 123 Dor- Foster Ellsworth, William O. Jones, Cyrus Submarine Veterans of T. chester Rd., Buffalo, N.Y. 14213 WW2—(Aug) Ernst E. Clapp, Joseph Phelps and Douglas Rosing, 1409 S. East 74th Inf, Co F, N.Y. Nat'l Guard 108th Inf, Ave., Berwyn, 111. Robinson (all 1974) Post 1311, Edmeston, N.Y. & USS Cambria (APA36)— Hq Co— (Sept) Joseph Silbert, 1245 Niagara (May) Edward Eugene Gabriel (1974) Post 1718, Carle Worrel, Jr., 4322 St., Buffalo, N.Y. 14213 Littleberry Rd., Houston, Place, N.Y. Tex. 77088 81st Div (Aug) John Johnson, Donald D. Culin (1974) Post 88, Brevard, — 106 Terrace USS Chandeleur (AVIO)— View Lane, Peoria, 111. 61614 (Aug) Mrs. Ken- No. Car. neth Boyd, Rte 4—Box 145, Culpeper Jacob F. Gruenich, 82nd Airborne Div (Aug) Carl Davis, 159 Va Jacob Heupel (1970), — USS Cincinnati (CL6)— (Sept) Ed Wheeler Karl E. Baumann (all 1971) Gibson Ave., Mansfield, O. 44907 Fred Dewald, 918 Hall St., Kingsville, Tex. 78363 and Charles H. Meyer (1972) Post 53, Ashley, 94th Div— (July) Roger Keith, 170 Hillberg USS Essex Ave., Brockton, Ma. 02401 (CV9)—(Aug) USS Essex CV9, No. Dak. P.O. Box 10123, Louisville, Ky. 40210 Clarence S. Jarrett, Clare B. Book, Leon 101st Airborne Div (Aug) W. Lewis, P.O. — USS Haddo (255)— (Aug) Elmo Stough, 7051 A. Drumm, E. Gene Schweinsberg and Jo- Box 101, Trimont, Mn. 56176 llOth Field Art'y, Bat E. Rosewood, Tucson, Ariz. 85710 seph Solomon (all 1974) Post 343, New Castle, A— (Sept) Hank Craw- USS Hugh W. Hadley ford, 1820 E. 32nd St., Baltimore, (DD774)—(May) Pa. Md. 21218 Hunter Robbins, Bittner, 112th AAA Gun Bn, Bat C (May) 324 Pendleton Way Oak- George A. Baldwin, Jr., Roy A. (WW2)— land, Calif. 94621 Breneman, David C. Bucken Harold Robinson, 21 Hervey St., Cranston, George W. USS Memphis (CH3)—(May) Henry Fischer, Heimer and James G. Camp (all 1974) Post R.I. 02920 112th Train Willard Fanning, 164 "I" St., Chula Vista, Calif. 92010 498 Rochester, Pa. Ammo —(Aug) USS Missouri (Original 1142 Stanway Ave., Springfield, Crew Members)— Albert Frank, Milan Franceschi and Henry O. 45503 (Sept) John 115th Inf Reg't, Cannon Co (WW2)—(Aug) Finn, 57 Park Cir. So. E Larguier (all 1975) Post 659, Belle Vernon, Farmingdale, N.Y. 11735 Wayne Rankin, 132 Old Indiana Rd., Pa. USS Northampton (CA26, 1930-42)— (July) Crispin A. Yozores (1974) Post 44, Basilan Homer City, Pa. 15748 R Rene, 5284 Appian Way, Long Beach, Calif City, Republic of Philippines 120th Sta Hosp (WW2)— (July) Joe Saverino, USS Parche 10 E. Victory, Temple, Tex. 76501 (SS384)— (Aug) Fred Richards, Paul Pavletich (1971), Carl Quien (1949), 740 S.W. 124th Cav, F Tp— (July) Hugh Warren, 7th Terr., Hallandale, Fla. 33009 John Randich (1956), Robert Rottle (1954) Star USS PCE (R) 855— Rte, 56, Mineral (July) Paul Tucker, 23 and Tlno Salituro (1971) Post 5, Aberdeen, Box Wells, Tex. 76067 State 134th Inf, Co F (WWl)— (Sept) Earl Fauver, St., Hillsdale, Mich. 49242 Wash. USS Salt Lake „ ^ City (CA25)— ( June) V Harry Robinson and John Trohemovich 408 No. 10th St., Wymore, Neb. 68466 Dahlen, 155th Inf, Co H (Korean (Aug) 1085 Jacqueline Way, Chula Vista (both 1970) Post 119, Elma, Wash. C)— James Ca. 92011 Trettel, 217 Market St., are accepted for pub- Freeport, Pa. 16229 USS Savannah Life Memberships 170th Combat Eng, Co C— (Sept) Jim Imhoff, (CL42)— (Sept) O. Jindracek. lication only on an official form, which we 63 Thayer Dr.. New Shrewsbury, N.J. 07724 received only from Com- 1800 Waunona Way, Madison, Wis. 53713 USS Ticonderoga provide. Reports 174th MP Bn— (May) Albert Aceto, (CV/CVA/CVS-14)—(May) Ad.iutant or Finance Officer of Post 4329-19th Edward mander, Ave., Kenosha, Wis. 53140 Mingle, Jr., 751 Manor Dr., Brick- the life membership. town, N.J. 08723 which awarded 186th Inf, Co C (WW2)— (Sept) Ted Cotter, get form by sending stamped, They may 4782 Lower River Rd., Grants Pass, Ore. return envelope to: self-addressed 203rd CAAA— (Sept) Stanley Bye, AIR "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, 1311 S. Maple St., Carthage, Mo. 64836 1345 of Americas, New York, 3rd Bomb Wng & Support Units (Barksdale Avenue the 204th CAAA Reg' Aug) E. Bonnette, 3012 N.Y. 10019." W( Field, La. 1932-40)— (June) Robert Pesnell, envelope write Drexel St., Shreveport, La. 71108 207 Mayfair Dr., Shreveport, On a corner of the return 225th QMC, Salvage Repair Co La. 71107 of names you wish to report. No & —(Aug) 10th Tp Carrier Sqdn—(Aug) John the number Willard Fanning, 1142 Stanway Ave., Diaman- written letter necessary to get forms. takos, 7216 Pine Tree Lane, Fairfield, Ala Springfield, O. 45503 20th Air Force—(Aug) 229th Field Art'y Bn, Bat R. Keenan, PO Box B (WW2)— (Sept) 5534, Washington. D.C. 20016 Roland Davis, 7403 Hancock Ave., Takoma 89th Aero Sqdn (WWl)— (June) Park, Md. 20021 Roy Con- ^?25 E. Hawthorne St., NEW POSTS 248th Eng Combat Bn Tucson, Ariz. (WW2)— (Sept) Fred Sqdn— (July) Bert Wintner, Mone, 16200 Ernadale Ave., Cleveland, O. Legion has recently #606 2200 Kerwin Rd., University Heights, The American 273rd Field Art'y Bn (WW2)—(Aug) Mrs. O. 441x8 following new posts: Loretta Hutchison, 411 Lacy, Indepen- chartered the dence, Mo. 64050 Los Amigos Post 183, Chula Vista, 275th Arm'd FA Bn (WW2)— (July) Roy MISCELLANEOUS Agee, 3804 Sunrise Ave., NW, Roanoke, Va. CHINA-BURMA-INDIA—(Aug) Calif.; Potnets Post 25, Potnets, Del.; 24012 Sydney Wil- son, 325 Barcelona Dr., Millbrae, Ca. 94030 30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 — I— KNOW YOUR BLOOD PRESSURE TWICE A DAY! ANYWHERE!

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PERSONAL

1975's ECONOMIC OUTLOOK. STRETCHING RETIREMENT INCOME. WINTER HEALTH TIPS.

Last year undoubtedly was rough on your pocketbook. Will 1975 treat you any better? Here's how the professional economic prophets view the coming months: 1) This year will start out where 1974 left off—in the doldrums. But by Denture improvement. One major reason the second half, there should be a marked for this guarded optimism is the hope that homebuilding will revive sharply, stimulating other sectors of the economy. Another hope is that con- Security. sumers will be in a better buying mood. Finally, there's a widespread belief that the government just can't let things go on as they now are; it's too CONFIDENT. COMFORTABLE. dangerous politically. SECURE. Because you know As for specifics, the following look like fairly good bets: or there- KLUTCH is working. No matter • Interest rates: These should come down from a current 11% where you are. No nnatter who abouts to maybe 8%. What this portends is less pressure for money from you're with. You won't be the business community, thus freeing more—and cheaper—funds for in- ennbarrassed by denture slip. dividuals. Herein lies the hope for a big upturn in homebuilding. "dou- KLUTCH's Exclusive formula • Inflation: To be sure, it will continue, but very likely not at the holds and holds. And that's ble digit" rate (over 10%) of 1974. Expectations are that it will decline to plenty really what's around 8% because of an improvement in supplies, competition and important of manufacturing capacity. when you want • Unemployment: Not a good picture, short-term at least. Later on, the to look and job market may improve, but the situation is ticklish at best. feel your best. • Wages: Up 10% or 11%. KLUTCH. But note: Forecasts generally are based on assumptions that the weather The one you and oil exporting nations won't act up. If they do, all bets are off. can count on. KLUTCH

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 33 CONTINUED FROM PAGE 19 LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS DR. CATLING'S REMARKABLE MACHINE GUN Naturecraft from the feeder into the grooves of Don't use wild berries in your min- LYING IN the woods and fields and each barrel's ammunition carrier. the beaches are a myriad of iatures; they shrivel with age and along Instantly, the bolt moved forward, small objects such as nuts, seeds and some are poisonous. Assemble with pushing the incoming round into the seashells that can be fashioned into clear plastic glue or cement, and first chamber and cocking the gun. decorative little creations resembling make sure all parts are thoroughly people, animals, birds and outdoor dry so they'll retain their form. Be- Then, the striker drove into the scenes. It's not a difficult hobby. All fore use, pine cones should be care- primer, firing the cartridge. As rota- that is required is some imagination fully heated on a disposable metal pan tion continued, the bolt started rear- and little artistic talent since Nature in the oven at low heat to remove the ward and an extractor mechanism is the artist. pitch. ejected the empty case. The gun con- nuts, Bodies can be many things— tinued to fire as long as the crank cones, shells. small nut or on pine A RUBBERS, fitted with metal spikes was turned and the feeder was loaded. acorn can be a head. Arms and legs the soles, are used by golfers, but In Dec. 1864, the Army, impressed are twigs. Colored pin heads can be Robert Klein of Owatonna, Minn., says by Catling's choice of the Philadel- used for eyes, or drops of fingernail they're also great for grouse and deer polish which also will make the nose hunting, and for walking on hilly or phia firm, finally decided to test a pro- and mouth. A piece of burr or thistle icy terrain. Pro shops sell them, and totype. Catling's weapon performed resembles hair, and an acorn cup can sporting goods stores. superbly, accurately placing a rat- be a hat. As a base for the model use tling hail of lead balls or a combi- a piece of dried natural wood or a ON HIS hunting trips, Walter Dorn nation of lead balls and buckshot in- slice of tree bark. The possibilities are of Mishawaka, Ind., carries a small to the target. limitless and depend entirely on how lead split-shot clipped to 30 inches of The Army was intrigued, but not the naturecraftsman visualizes them. line, and stored in a nylon wound up convinced. It decided to test the gun An attractive woodpecker can be small plastic pill box. With an oiled against other weapons—howitzers fashioned from a small pine cone for rag tied to the other end, it's his gun and cannon. "In each instance," ac- a body, a maple seed (with its wing) cleaner. Fits all but small bores. For for a head, a trimmed feather for a those use a long nail instead of the cording to Chinn, "the Catling placed tail and a twig for a perch. Seashells split- shot. more bullets in the target than did are better bodies for fine-feathered the artillery, if allowed to fire as birds. An armadillo can have a pine FOR emergency lighting on a camp- many bullets as the number of cone body and a burr head. Use pine ing trip, Harvey MuUer of Danboro, grapeshot fired." needles for a porcupine. football A Pa. makes his own pocket-size drip- For nearly two years, the Army player may have a pine cone body, less candles. fills He empty shotgun tested the Catling and debated its two small nuts for each muscular leg, shells with melted paraffin, using use and qualities. Finally, on August a hickory nut for a head, twigs for heavy cord as wicks. They stand on 24, 1866, the Model 1865 Catling ma- arms and an acorn for a football. For their own bases, can also be used as oflBcially a wading angler, join two chestnuts fire starters. chine gun was adopted by for a body and an acorn head, place the U.S. Army. One hundred guns on a piece of glass to resemble water. were ordered, 50 of each size. Pieces of bark can be stones. His arms If you have a helpful idea for this feature Though the Army had finally fishing twigs, line and rod are the a send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you given the Catling its seal of approval, piece of thread, and the fish he's $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- there were two schools of thought caught might be a small pine cone turn, or enter into correspondence concern- on how to use it. One believed the (with colored eyes) pinned to one of ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, Catling was best used to support ar- the "rocks." Fins are pieces of maple The American Legion Magazine, 1345 Ave- tillery. The other thought it was a seeds. nue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019. fine weapon for defending bridges or important road crossings. It was more than 30 years before anyone saw it as an infantry weapon. Before the ink had dried on his first contract with the U.S. Army, Catling and his newest (and permanent) partner, the Colt Patent Fire Arms Co., began peddling the gun abroad. Soon, the Catling was being ex- tensively tested in every major European country. According to Smith, one celebrated test of the Catling's efficiency was conducted at Carlsbad, Baden, in 1869. There, one hundred crack infantry troops with the famous Dreyse Needle gun, men who had been trained for volley fire, were pitted in target fire against the Catling. "The range was 800 meters," Smith writes. "The one hundred riflemen

"All I know is, they pay him off in bananas. and the one Catling of rifle caliber THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE (Continued on page 36)

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CONTINUED DR. CATLING'S REMARKABLE MACHINE GUN

were to fire the same number of bul- side the Catling, became an impor- lets. The soldiers succeeded in making tant weapon for most of the world's 27% of their bullets hit the target, navies and served as the basis for an LOCKSMITH while the Catling scored 88%." infantry-type machine gun widely In England, the British put their used in World Wars I and II. This You'll EARN MORE, LIVE BETTER Than Ever Before in Your Life test model Catling into competition was the Hotchkiss gun, a 37-mm re- You'll enjoj; your work as a Locksmith with every type of gun they had in volving cannon invented in 1871 by because it is more fascinating than a hobby— and highly paij besides! You'll their arsenals, from rifles to cannons, Benjamin Hotchkiss, an American go on enjoying the fascinating work, year after year, in good times or bad against moving and stationary tar- who had taken up residence in "Have seen other because you'll be the man in demand in gets large and small. Their conclu- France. Locksmith courses an evergrowing field offering big pay but none compared jobs, big profits as your own boss. What sion: The Catling didn't match the The Hotchkiss gun, while similar to yours. Have a more could you ask! successful mobile field pieces, it invalu- to the Catling, fired Train at - Earn Extra best but was fuzed explosive service of my own Home $$$$ Right Away! ...earn $2000- All this can be yours FAST regardless able as an auxiliary weapon. This projectiles rather than solid lead bul- $3000 per month." of age, education, minor physical handi- Keith Hamill caps. Job enjoyment and earnings begin shows how little they understood the lets. It arrived on the scene at almost Toronto, Can. AT ONCE as you quickly, easily learn gun's capabilities. the same as high-speed to CASH IN on all kinds of locksmithing moment the jobs. All keys, locks, parts, picks, special The French also tested Catlings, torpedo boat and was soon put to use tools and equipment come with the course at no extra charge. Licensed but bought only a few, because they against it, since only an explosive experts guide you to success. had a secret repeating gun of their shell could penetrate the torpedo Illustrated Book, Sample Lesson Pages FREE Locksmithing Institute graduates now own. When the Franco-Prussian war boat's armor plate. earning, enjoying life more everywhere. You, can, too. Coupon brings exciting broke out in 1870, French Catlings Eventually, the Catling gun suf- facts from the school licensed by N. J. did well enough, but their secret re- fered the fate of inventions it State Department of Ed., Accredited most — Member, Natl. Home Study Council. peating gun was a disaster. They'd was made obsolete by technological- Approved for 'Veterans Training. LOCKSMITHING INSTITUTE kept it a secret even from their own ly advanced competitors. Dlv. Technical Home Study Schools troops, who didn't know how to use On June 26, 1883, Hiram Stevens Dept. I22I-01S Little Falls, N. J. 07424 it. Maxim, an American working in LOCKSMITHING INSTITUTE, Dept. 1221-015 In a delegation of Russians England, patented gun Div. Technical Home Study Schools 1871, a machine Little Falls, New Jersey 07424 — Est. 1948 under a Ceneral Corloff came to based on a totally new principle. His Please send FREE illustrated Book "Your Big Oppor- Colt's Hartford plant to consider the weapon, single-barreled later tunities in Locksmithing," complete Equipment folder a (and and sample lesson pages—FREE of all obligation Catling for the Russian Army. Cor- water-cooled) weapon fed by car- (no salesman will call). loff was quickly sold. He placed an tridges in a canvas belt, loaded, Name.. itself (Please Print) order for 400 of the weapons and cocked and fired at up to 775 stayed in ^lartford for a year, super- discharges a minute. Its operating Address.. vising their construction. force was not a crank handle, but the City/State/Zip „ „ Every foreign country had Colt energy derived from recoil action, or —— Check here If Eligible for Veteran Training chamber the weapon to fit its own "kick." standard musket ammunition, but Maxim said that his idea of using Free Chair/Table Corloff also required that his name recoil came as a result of some tar- CATALOG be stamped on each gun for Russia. get shooting he did with an old As a result, machine guns are even Springfield .45-70. This left his shoul- OFFICE & LOUNGE FURNITURE today called "Corloffs" in the Soviet der black and blue and he thought, BANQUET & MEETING Union. "Cannot this great force, at present FURNITURE ^ TENNIS TABLES In the 1870s, Colt and Catling merely an inconvenience, be har- | COAT/HAT RACKS 4 representatives were traveling the nessed to useful purpose?" world, selling their machine guns to In Maxim's gun, the recoil drove Adirondack any country willing to buy them. Ac- the barrel rearward about three- 276-0 Park Ave. So.; N.Y.C. 10010 cording to Col. Chinn, the Catling quarters of an inch at the moment of salesmen were not above setting up firing. This unlocked the bolt and their gun in battle for a prospective actuated the gun's firing mechanism, AC L U customer and repelling an enemy producing continuous fire. The oper- (American Civil Liberfies Union)! charge, just to show how effective ator could select single shot fire or ARRESTS the weapon was. bursts at various rates, with a fiick By the mid-1870s. Catling guns of a lever. DISSIDENT MEMBER could be found in the arsenals of most Suddenly, with the invention of the European countries, most South Maxim machine gun, every Catling For full details of this sordid affair, American countries, Japan, China, gun in the world was obsolete. The with background materials Turkey, Egypt, Morocco and many world's first true automatic machine and documented fraud, other nations. These guns were either gun—the grandfather of most of to- send $1.00 to Cy Hershberger manufactured in Hartford, by Colt, day's machine guns—had come on or in the country that had purchased the scene. It would keep firing even 4377 43rd St., San Diego, Ca 92105 them, under license. if its operator were killed, until its The success of the Catling gun set feed belt was empty. off a near epidemic of gun inventions. The U.S., which was well supplied Between Nov. 4, 1862 and June 26, with Catlings and in a period of rel- VERANIUM 1883, the U.S. issued more than 80 ative peace, wasn't terribly interest- PLANTS FROM SEED. New double patents on machine guns. Some were ed in the Maxim. But ordnance de- and Semi-Double varieties, all shades. similar to the Catling, some vastly partments all over Europe quickly Described in New Seed & Nursery Cata- turned to it. the 19th century log. Send 15c in coin for 50c Pkt. CDCC different, none significantly better. As or 2 Pkts. for 2Sc and Catalog 1 11 C L One of these guns is worth men- drew to a close, the Maxim ma- R. H. SHUMWAY SEEDSMAN Dept. 305 ROCKFORD. ILLINOIS 61101 tioning because it took its place be- chine gun made itself felt in several

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 )

of the "minor" wars of the period. which the Catlings were handled by In 1913, the U.S. finally tested In 1898, when Lord Kitchener Parker was one of the most striking seven different types of machine went to the Sudan, he took several features of the campaign. He showed guns with a view toward adopting batteries of Maxims with him. In the that a first-rate officer could use ma- one. The Vickers, a British Maxim- decisive battle, at Omdurman, Kitch- chine guns, on wheels, in battle and type machine gun, won the competi- ener's troops slaughtered 20,000 skirmish, in attacking and defending tion and the Army Board recom- dervishes. Three-quarters of them, he trenches, alongside of the best troops mended an immediate purchase of later reported, were killed by the and to their great advantage." 4,600 guns. But no purchase was Maxims. Parker's audacious use of Gat- made. And in 1905, when the Russians lings showed, for the first time, that By the end of 1916, the U.S. had and the Japanese, each trying to an- machine guns could be a devastating in its arsenals a grand total of 1,100 nex Manchuria and Korea, fought at offensive weapon in the hands of outmoded or foreign-built machine Mukden, Manchuria, 16 Russian Max- moving infantry. guns, their ammunition incompatible ims repelled seven fierce Japanese at- In 1899, Parker wrote the first with the standard American rifle tacks. The Russians lost the war, but American machine gun manual, in variety. the Maxims had proved their worth. which he developed machine gun doc- Germany, France, England, Russia All of this was only a preview of trine that, with some alterations, has and other European countries, on the a coming attraction called World survived to this day. other hand, were well-supplied with War I. In 1903, Dr. Richard Catling died. Maxims or Hotchkisses of the latest In 1889, as Col. Chinn tells it, John His weapon survived him by eight type, Germany having 50,000 Max- M. Browning, an American gun- years, being declared obsolete and ims ready for action. They had been smith, was test-firing one of his rifles its manufacture abandoned in 1911. slaughtering one another with them in the salt marshes near Ogden, Utah, Oddly, it wasn't so much that better since 1914. when he noticed that the bulrushes weapons had forced the Catling from Two days after the U.S. entered parted from the muzzle blast for U.S. arsenals, but that the U.S. had WW I on April 9, 1917, the Ordnance quite a distance each time he shot. entered a new era of peace. The old Department authorized production of It dawned on Browning that the Catlings were dated, but there was 4,000 Vickers machine guns. Soon muzzle blast might be harnessed to no rush to replace them. after, large quantities of Browning do useful things. He went back to his By this time, every one of the Automatic Rifles and Browning .30 workshop and attached a steel cone world's other major powers had caliber machine guns were also or- to the muzzle, so placed as to capture adopted a version of the Maxim ma- dered. the blast of the exhaust gases. At chine gun, or an automatic, scaled- Thousands were made, but most of the other end, the cone was fastened down version of the Hotchkiss, and them arrived at the front too late to by spring to the gun's loading lever. was producing them in quantity. (Continued on page 38 When Browning fired the gun, it then reloaded itself. This was the world's first gas-actuated gun and it was the ancestor of the Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) and a whole family of This shoe can be worth machine guns. U.S. armed services tested Brown- ing's weapon and Maxim's, and many $2,500 to you a year from today other designs that came along. But they saw no reason to abandon their WiVs Hanover. . . the shoe Catlings, most of which had never that's been fired in anger. I earned over Meanwhile, Catling struggled to update his weapon. He increased its I ONE MILLION DOLLARS reliability and its rate of fire in the 1880s. In 1893, Gathng added an elec- I SPARE TIME MONEY tric motor, which allowed the gun to be fired at up to 3,000 shots a min- for thousands of men ute. Here he had something that bore throughout America! fruit much later. In 1895, Catling

converted his gun to automatic gas Yes, just in spare time you can be one Give it a trial. Get the FREE catalog operation. The crank needed only to of the happy thousands who earn an and sales kit — see what you can earn extra day's pay in an evening or on in your first 30 days! Make us prove fire the first shot. Nonetheless, the weekends showing Hanover shoe values what we say. Then keep on earning for Catling gun was now obsolete. to friends and neighbors. really big money, or return the kit. It was at this moment that U.S. $200 a month is a proven figure for You're under no obligation. No sales- Army Catlings were first called upon the money you can earn in spare time. man will call. Mail the coupon today. That's because your friends can to prove their mettle in a national quickly see, in the full-color Hanover catalog, war, a test they passed with flying two or more styles that are just what FREE TRIAL they want -especially PROOF! colors. The occasion was the Spanish- when they save The Hanover Shoe, Inc. to American War. $15 $20 on each pair . . . shoes in Dept. 1305 Hanover, Pa. 17331 every popular style and color, classic Send me your full-color catalog and sales kit In July 1898, Lt. John H. "Catling for models or "mod" — for dress, casual 30-day FREE TRIAL. I want to see what I Gun" Parker used four Catlings and wear, outrloor sports or work. can earn with Hanoverl two Browning-type machine guns for And with your first ten pair order — you the novel purpose of supporting an in- get your bonus — A FREE PAIR OF YOUR OWN CHOICE! Plus fantry attack on Santiago, Cuba. the Address. good commissions that add up to fine Of Parker and his Catlings, Teddy earnings for you. City/State/Zip Roosevelt said, "The efl[iciency with £ j

THE AlVIERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 37 N — —

Brother Legionnaires CONTINUED DR. CATLING'S REMARKABLE MACHINE GUN

have any real effect. Not until Sept. the others are going through the are tlirilled with this 26, 1918, did American troops get the process of loading and locking and first of batch Browning machine ejecting the empty cases. . . . The Fun & Fund Raiser guns. Until then, and even afterward, Catling system never stops and the most U.S. troops carried French- round is fired while the barrel is made automatic weapons—and this moving." despite the fact that every one of the The CE Vulcan M61, in various greatest machine gun inventors configurations, provides the firepower Catling, Hotchkiss, Maxim and for the latest U.S. jets—the F-14, the Browning—was American-born. F-15 and the F-4E. It can also be World War I was the first and last found on the B-52, the F-111, the major conflict to be dominated by F-105, the F-104 and the AH-1 Huey machine guns. As Robert Leckie says Cobra helicopter, among others. is the famous horse race game used the in The Wars of America, the ma- In another form, the Vulcan is at world over. The game is played with 16mm chine gun was to World War I what the heart of the Vulcan Air Defense film of actual races in color and sound with the rifle was to the Civil War. "True, System, a tracked, turreted, ground the fastest, finest thoroughbreds in action. artillery probably killed more men, vehicle designed to knock down low- it flying It's a complete package too! - 18 sealed as always does, but the machine subsonic aircraft. containers of filmed races, Programs, Mutuel gun killed the offensive." So it did. What makes the Vulcan so suited Tickets, Play Money, Computer Forms, Tote Time after time in WWl, masses of to modern warfare? What gives it Board and Instructions are provided. infantry charged to their doom such a fantastic rate of fire? It's the against emplaced machine guns. fact that it is externally powered, by For the complete story of what A Nite At Leckie notes that there were two either an electric motor or by a hy- The Races can do for your organization, potential answers to the machine draulic system, without having to write, wire or call . . . gun—the tank and the airplane. In wait for the blast of one shot to pre- pare and fire the next. is «|^i^te c|t |he i&ces, World War II, they restored the pow- This ex- er of the offense. But in World War actly the idea Catling conceived in 2320 Avenue U / Brooklyn, N.Y. 11229 I, they were simply too primitive to 1893, to outfiank the Maxim and (212) 769-7355 make any difference. Browning automatic machine guns. As a result, World War I was a He succeeded in the end, though it trench war, in which the artillery took the world a few decades to Make Rubber Stamps for BIG PAY and machine guns of each side can- realize it. end. Need more money? Earn »60-»76 aweek, spare time, celed out those of the other. Eventu- at home mak- CONTINUED FROM PAGE 13 • ingrubberstampsforofficea, fac- ally, stalemate, until tories, individuals. Hundreds of the war was a uses. THE BODACIOUS Hundreds of prospects— ev- fresh helped turn erywhere. Right in your own com- American troops munity. Turn out special stamps for the tide. AMERICAN LANGUAGE names, addresses, notices, prices, etc., m minutes with table-top machine. We farniBh everything and kelp finarce you, at But before that intervention, of- cally use all when he is also going to leBB than bank rates. Write for free facts. No SBieaman will call. ficers schooled in the old ways of use oil? The battle is between lan- Rubber Stamp Div., 1512 Jarvis, Depl. R-8-EA, Chitugo 60624 thought sent hundreds of thousands guage as grammar and language as BASEMENT TOILET of soldiers charging forward, in music. Flushes up to existing sewer or sep- senseless, hopeless—and fatal—fron- We can thank our Presidents for tic tank by powerful, self-contained pump operated by normal water pres- tal assaults against strongly-held sometimes reviving delightful Ameri- sure. No digging up floors. Clog machine gun positions. resistant, easily installed. Make base- can speech that scholars had long ment into game room, den, apartment Since World War I, there've been thought dead, even if Presidents also witti private bath. Financing available. Dealer inquiries invited. Write for free catalog. refinements in machine gun design, mangle some other words. Mr. New- DOSS, Dept. J-17, Box 10947, Houston, Tex. 77018 but no substantial advances. So to- man notes that Harry Truman used U.lJ.ru.ll.HJ.IJI day's most modern rapid-fire weap- irrevelant for "irrelevant." A booboo ons are based on the principles of and nothing else. But he is silent on Maxim, Browning and Hotchkiss. INVISIBLE VINYL REPAIR something that Prof. Raven McDavid Big, fast earnings with amazing VIP But one type of weapon, the most notes in his 777-page abridgement in Invisible Vinyl Repair. Big profits, modern of all, is based on the ideas 1963 of the late H.L. Mencken's glori- big demand — car shops, homes, it bars, motels, buses, etc. Easy, quick. of Richard J. Catling—and arms ous work, "The American Language." FREE details by mail. No salesman will call. our most modern jet fighters. In 1952, Mr. Truman revived, if only VIP, 2021 Montrose, Dept. Ill, Chicago 60618 This gun, manufactured by Cen- briefly, the beautiful American word HYDRAULIC JACK REPAIRS eral Electric and called the Vulcan, snollygoster. Earn While You Learn In Your Spare Time was first demonstrated in 1956—85 A snollygoster was once understood Trained and qualified mechanics needed NOW to service years after Dr. Catling first demon- in the South to be a politician who inoperative hydraulic jacks. BIG opportunity for ambitious men. We show you — in HOW your basement or garage to strated his original machine gun. will run for any oflSce that is open, earn spare time cash in an expanding industry. Don't wait, ACT NOW! Get the facts. This '"hopped up Catling gun," as in any way that he thinks he can be Write for folder No. A-l and free bonus offer. Col. Jim Grossman describes it in elected, and never mind principle, Hydraulic Jack Repair Manual Co., Inc. G. P.O. BOX 3 • STATEN ISLAND, N.Y. 10314 Ordnance Magazine, "peaks out at party or platform. Prof. McDavid nearly 7,200 shots a minute, or 120 quotes a Ceorgia newspaper editor LEARNLtAKr^ «7 shots a second." It comes in 20-mm who explained that if and when he is and 30-mm varieties. elected, a snollygoster "gets there by E AT CUT T I The Vulcan consists of six guns the sheer force of monumental talk- ^^pl^Train quickly in 8 Bhort weeks at Toledo for a brifcht future with security in the vital meat buBinesB. Big pay, full-time jobs mounted parallel, around a circle. nophical assumacy." „ HAVE A PROFITABLE MARKET OFYOUR k OWN! Time payment plan available. Diplo- "When firing," says Crossman, "the These words—though unknown to ma given. Job help. Thousands of buc- cesBful sraduateB. OUR S2nj YEAR! Send for iMustrated calaloR. No obligation. six guns spin around the common the English—could well be revived. Now biff new FREE G.I. approved. NATIONAL SCHOOL OF MEAT CUTTING Mo. 0197T Dept. A-86 Toledo, Ohio 43604 axis and are fired one at a time while They weren't called on by Mr. New-

38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 . man, yet his book deals with snolly- Dave Prowse, 3-time some extent, and even more gosters to AN EXPERT British Weightlifting with the talknophical assumacy not champion, demonstrates politicians, but of bureau- only of a super-effective crats; political, social and natural ANSWERS 7-second exercise for building powerful scientists; educationists; public rela- i y biceps . . . using the tions persons; official spokespersons, \neiv BuUworker with

QUEST ONS ^ built-in powermeter. adpersons and—yes—even newsper- YOUR J sons. So the problem is not so much that we may be killing English, but ABOUT MUSCLES that we have already killed a good deal of American that could still come Our files show that thousands of readers like in handy. Nobody followed Mr. Tru- yourself want to build bulging muscles and achieve man's lead in reviving snollygoster, real physical power like their favorite athletic so it rolled over and died again, champions. How to go about it? We decided to ask though you can still find it in the an expert, Dave Prowse, 3-times British Weight- current unabridged Webster. lifting champion and leading fitness expert. Here you just check the reading to see exactly how much your strength has increased from the day before. his answers. One could make a distinction be- are There's no guesswork involved. Isometric Bullworker training can increase your power at the amazing tween what is talknophical and what rate of up to 4% per week! That means a 50% it take to build muscles? Q_ What does increase in strength in the first three months alone. is assumacy. They appear together, Aiid I've known many young men who have gone A Basically, it takes exercise. Almost any exercise but also apart, today. on to double, and even triple their strength. will help to develop at least some of your mus- Mr. Newman points out how, with- cles if you keep at it long enough and hard enough. Q_ What do those figures mean in visual terms? spokes- Isn't there easier way? out any particular assumacy, Q_ an A They mean that in as little as 14 days you can talknophical actually begin to see muscle growth in a mirror persons have waxed Yes. There is one outstanding, effective training A and verify it with a tape measure. Every week with the little word now. They en- method that is also fast and easy—the one I use thereafter brings ever faster growth. and recommend—the new BuUworker system. large it to at this time. Then to at this 0 What's that? point in time. Infiation is all around us, and as it is still going on we may h The Bullworker is a revolutionary new muscle- Built-in Powermeter building exerciser based on Isometrics, the sci- You can actuaMy measure expect that sometime in 1975 now ence that increases strength up to four times faster your musclepower g-r-o-w-i-n-g than conventional methods. In my opinion, it's the, will grow to as this moment from from the very first day. of most advanced training system in the world today. where we look at things during this Many leading athletes use it: World-famous Heavy- weight Roxer Muhammad Ali, World Heavyweight present juncture in time. Plain folks Judo Champion Wim Ruska, and Cycling Champion n But to get such impressive results, don't you won't say it, but it will come out in Eddy Merckx, to name only a few. have to work very hard? some official statement, for sure. The Q_ How long, does Bullworker training take? A Absolutely not. That's the outstanding advantage of Isometric training . . . it's so amazingly beauty of it is that if you are trying A Bullworker provides absolutely the fastest kind easy! Each "Static-power" Isometric exercise takes of exercise possible. In fact, an introduction only 7 seconds, barely have to move. It's to kill time or fill space, it may be and you training program takes only 70 seconds a day. No not even necessary to disrobe. The Bullworker is now when you start but by the time other system—weightlifting, pulleys, or strenuous so light and compact, it can be used at home, in the you've blown a three-letter word up calisthenics—can give you results so quickly and office, anywhere ... even while watching TV! It's a . easily. On the contrary, many old-fashioned methods great improvement over bulky, expensive weights, to a paragraph, it is already then, take hours of sweaty, boring work each day . . . and bicycle machines, pulleys, etc. it's often months before you begin to see improve- with perhaps no time for another ments. Busy professional athletes and champions Q Can Bullworker training even develop bodies question. Whew! don't have time for that. Nobody does. which are weak and skinny, or fat and flabby? rightly kicks viable in the teeth. How long does it take before you begin get- He Definitely! It's been proven by thousands of ting results? A It is a nice short word, hardly talk- men of every shape, size and age all over the A With the Bullworker, you can actually begin to world. Bullworker training helps transform weak, nophical. But it's loaded with assum- see and measure the positive results right from thin arms into rippling muscular pillars of strength, the very first day! Thanks to a built-in measuring acy. People who talk to one another build broad powerful shoulders, turn flat, shallow, device called the Powermeter. After every exercise chests into deep manly ones, forge loose stomach for pleasure never say viable. They flab into steel-hard, well-defined muscle . . . build that "y" shape of a real' athlete, develop sturdy, say it works, or workable, either of contoured thighs and calves And all this in which means the same thing as vi- record time! What's more, I've known skinny, shy fellows able but is not obscure enough to pro- who, after just a few short weeks with Bullworker, vide the assumacy quotient required turned into real go-getters . . . every inch a man . . bowling girls over with their dynamism, confidence, of spokespersons. and new found power! You really have to see the remarkable effects of Bullworker for yourself to is done with his book, Before he believe them! Mr. Newman has loaded it with good- Q_ How can our readers find out more about ies from his notebooks, reporting how the Bullworker, perhaps actually try it for he has heard people abuse, bloat, themselves? A I understand that the Bullworker distributor in kick, toot and drum on our language. the. USA is now making it available—free—on a two week home-trial basis, in order to introduce it And yet he is dead wrong about his to the general public. If your readers are interested subtitle: Will America be the Death in developing their bodies, in building muscles and strength faster than ever before possible, I suggest is yes, of English? His answer where- that they contact the US distributor for full details. as that is impossible. I don't think he © BULLWORKER SERVICE, 201 Lincoln Blvd., Middlesex,.N.J. 08846 144 is serious about this, for his book too 1 is a lot of fun. But over the years, BULLWORKER SERVICE • Dept. BW1572 other champions have charged forth, FREE 201 Lincoln Blvd., Middlesex, New Jersey 08846 without a glint of humor, to save the Please send me my FREE full color brochure about BULLWORKER 2 mother tongue from destruction at BOOKLET without obligation. No salesman will visit. the hands of the Americans. Their Name Age bottom line is that there is a pure and Street correct will sit still and English that City pose as a model for us for all time, State Zip if we will only preserve it. i Canada: Home delivery duty paid. Ask for FREE booklet. (Continued on page 40)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 39 — —

CONTINUED End constant BARK, BARK, BARK! No time wasted In training THE BODACIOUS AMERICAN LANGUAGE attach Bark-Trainer and forget

it I Worlis instantly and auto- matically while you sleep or go Does such a language exist? If so, roots and combined them into new about your duties. Requires no attention, produces long- what is it? words and phrases, by the thousands. lasting results. Just let dog wear Bark-Trainer collar a few Chaucer's English? A sentence Bullfrog, catbird, muskrat, garter days until the problem is corrected then take it off. It's from Chaucer, please. snake, eggplant, katydid, lightning that simple I Tiny electronic circuit converts vibrations of "Greet chere made our hoste us bug, butternut, shotgun, sheet iron, dog's bark to harmless but effective shock. He associates his everichon, and to the soper set us shower bath, smokehouse, sinkhole, excessive barking with the startling effect it produces. anon; and served us with vitaille at snow plow, grizzly bear, blue jay, Absolutely safe. Most effective method ever developed. 10 day the beste." pond lily. MONEY BACK GUARAN- TEE. Must end the problem or Shakespeare's English, perhaps? They found the new landscape to return for refund. Works on any size dog. Order by mail or Listen, as our President takes the differ from England's, and instead of call us for immediate C.O.D. shipment. We will deduct cost of phone call from cost of mike to return our tongue to Shake- covering it with moors, leas, fens and trainer If requested. Just dial 1-713—682-2728 anytime day or night. To order by mall send check or M.O. for spearean purity: downs, they invented some words, $29.95 plus $2.00 shipping ($31.95 total) to RELCO IND.. Dept. H- 14 Box 10880. Houston, Tex. 77018. ANNOUNCER: "My lords and borrowed more from other languages ladies, the President of the United and altered the meaning of English States." words to come up with barrens, bot- HEARING AIDS PRESIDENT: "Friends and coun- toms, badlands, watersheds, gulches. Huge savings on tiny, all-in- trymen, I beg thee leave to speak. the-ear, behind the ear, eye- glass and body models. New Faith, good gentlemen and ladies all, space age models are so tiny and well concealed your clos- I prithee weigh now in thy minds est friends may never even notice. FREE HOME TRIAL. 'pon this inflation. 'Tis an ugly word, Lowi as $10 monthly. Money not heard in olden time. Now doth the back guarantee. If your doctor recommends you use a hearing coin of our realm bloat like a ewe i' aid, ask him about Prestige aids. Write today for free catalog and confidential booklet. the spring ; a pound gets not the pur- PRESTIGE, Dept. D-91, Box 10947, Houston, Tex. 77018. chase of a groat, and loaves were Cadillacs, enow. Yet the while the I EVERY READER WANT skills of honest yeomen want for use. ,^g^ot this Paper to have my big red A tax is called ! Nay, stay thy catcalls :r JB EARLIANA TOMATO and hear me out, for an evil wind ff"KiNG OF THE EARLIES" beareth even now upon the Gross Na- ' Big solid, scarlet fruit, disease ' resistant, heavy yielder. Ideal for tional Product, whilst in the offing, table or canning. Send for big 15c begot of sheiks and ameers in the packet or 26c for 2 packets f and copy of Seed and Nursery Catalog. •tt East, there bodes, of fuel, a shortage R. H. SHUMWAY SEEDSMAN " Dept. 303 ROCKFORD. ILLINOIS 61101 vile all if Surely would agree that such "Sshh, sshhh, it's okay now . . . ." a White House broadcast were for Daddy's here . .

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40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 of culture in London. The great bulk ten, you would probably not recognize guage of their readers, lock, stock of our new speech was first used by how much of it came from the fron- and barrel, and were the first to re- our roughnecks, laborers, farmers, tier. It has been too thoroughly cord it in all its manifestations. tradesmen, while all of our own adopted as "correct English." And he All Congressmen from the country- scholars except Noah Webster stood used it so beautifully that in his own side had to speak the language of aghast. time it lacked the roughness of Jack- their constituents in order to get to And let us admit that they had a son's speech. Washington. When they got there, right to be shocked, for Americans, Mark Twain became a best-selling they filled the Congressional Record then as now, were also beating the author throughout the English speak- with it. language with an outrageous number ing world. They bought his works to When the politicians huddled in of inventions, misuses and crudities laugh and weep, while he plied them conference, the Americans said they that did not last (though some of with an uninhibited symphony of the caucused^ a word borrowed from the them linger on in local speech after whole vast music of inland American Indians. When either a general or a hundreds of years in which nobody speech. politician went on a campaign (liter- has admitted that they are proper). The two leading institutions that ally, took to the field) they said he When the frontiersmen were invent- forced the American language on the campaigned^ a verb made from a ing rolling words like snollygoster, world of the written word were the noun in America. As the politicians for the sheer fun of it, they coined country newspapers and the Congress spoke from stumps when they cam- whole families of them which died a of the United States. paigned in the backwoods, it was welcome death soon after. When The country editors, though some- said first that they took to the stump Lincoln was shot in Ford's theater, times with a smile, bought the lan- (Continued on page 1^2) the word sockdolagizing had just been used in the play he was watching. In the early years of our nation, the common people were bursting with TRY THIS NEW PIPE "FREE" so" DAYS ! new language that was a mixture of ingenious new expression, outrageous So different that it's patented by the This top grade Mediterranean briar and jarring invention and mere ig- UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT patent number 3267941 incorporates a sensational invention norant corruption of English by a tliat contradicts every idea you've ever largely illiterate populace. Writers, had about pipe smol

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 41 — —

WHY RIP UP CONTINUED THE BODACIOUS AMERICAN LANGUAGE and finally that they stumped. other sources. Today, these combined Once they got to Congress, the resources come to almost 12 million. YOUR LAWN? PLUG Members felt obliged to show their Of course, that's not just words. A democracy by using the speech of road is one thing, a hog is another. A their constituents part of the time. road hog is yet another though it adds IN ZOYSIA GRASS But to exhibit leadership, they also no word. invented their versions of the ora- The 1961 Webster unabridged has By Mike Senkiw tory of the classic speakers of ancient about 450,000 separate words listed. It's true the things people Rome and Greece. It was the sound Few writers have a command of are saying about Amazoy Meyer Z-52 Zoysia Grass of the ancient masters that mattered. more than 20,000 words. To put the (Reg. T.M.). The sense warn't apt to cut so much 1961 unabridged together, Merriam It grows so tliicli and luxurious that walking on it is unforgettable ice. As Mark Twain noted, the folks reported that it took 757 editor-years. . . . like walking on a thick, pile carpet. back home didn't even allow to under- That's only editor-years, not typist- Your Zoysia lawn drives out stand a country orator when he was years or clerk-years or consultant- crabgrass and weeds all summer long. It stays green and beautiful programmed to play Cicero or De- years. in blistering heat, when other if his speech rolled pio- grass burns out. It cuts mowing by % . . . it's perfect, mosthenes. But It is plain to see that the for summer homes and "problem" areas. and thundered like a Liszt rhapsody neers built our language were There's no need to rip out your old grass. Plug in who Amazoy Zoysia Grass and let it spread into beautiful turf and sounded like bad news for the that never needs replacement. It will neither heat kill nor bankers, they said he was grand winter kill . . . merely goes off its green color after then heavy frosts and regains fresh new beauty every spring and voted for him again and again a true perennial! Every plug fully guaranteed to grow in any soil in your area. © ZFN 1975. provided he also reckoned he'd plump fer a bridge over the West Branch til To end lawn problems, send for Free interestinn facts and low prices of Amar.ou incl. Preseason he got it or hell friz over. Bonus Offer. No oblirjation. Mail coupon to New speech was invented as well DEPT. 257 ZOYSIA FARMS (OUR 20th YEAR) GENERAL OFFICES & STORE as preserved in Congress. Much of our 6414 REISTERSTOWN RD. BALTO., MD. 21215 parliamentary language was coined Name — there, including such commonplaces

Address . as to have or seek the floor. City & State . A splendid Americanism was born in Congress when a Member from Buncombe County, N.C., asked the FUNd RAISERS Speaker fof leave to say a few words For the sure-fire way to RAISE for Buncombe. His fellows felt that FUN & FUNDS for your ORGANI- this was a fine term to describe any tripe for the folks back home, thus be- ZATION, CHURCH . . . CHARITY, getting buncombe and finally bunk to FRATERNAL mean pure hogwash. By the turn of the century, Ameri- WRITE For Your FREE BOOKLET can had become one of the world's GUARANTEED FUN & PROFITS dominant languages—-albeit we still m call it English. But it was already "Snap our 'before' pictures, Harry. Irma different the speech that Mark Write: Dept. 0-10 from and I are joining Weight Watchers." 271 Schilling Circle Twain had recorded, though he was THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE Hunt Valley, Maryland 21030 still alive. In every decade we made or call collect an avalanche of new words, usages and phrases and let some others die. just pikers compared to what we are (301)666-9222 The births have vastly exceeded the producing today. Science spits out deaths. lasers, quasars, black holes, diodes, Noah Webster's heir is the G. & C. muons, solid states, programmers, ORDER Merriam Co., of Springfield, Mass. double helixes, lunar modules—end- Noah's big dictionary appeared in lessly. Fashion never stops. Mini- DIRECT 1828. In addition to its frequent re- skirts, bodysuits and pantyhose pour from visions of its various dictionaries, across the landscape. Movements Merriam has brought out three un- spring up and die out, leaving their abridged whoppers in this century, heritage in our speech—^from the each brand new, known as the Web- mugwumps, copperheads and techno- ster's New International Dictionaries. crats of the past to flower power, soul Send Today For The first appeared in 1909, the second power and women's lib of recent vin- in 1934, the third in 1961. tage. Catalog MONROE If anything can be said to mush- There are always more new usages THE MONROE COMPANY room, that's what our language does. than new words. By the time he died, Noah Webster Only a few years ago a digital dis- 69 Church St., Colfax, Iowa 50054 had catalogued 75,000 word defini- play could only mean a showing of tions in longhand. The 1934 Webster fingers, perhaps a bride-to-be flashing unabridged dictionary was based on a her engagement diamond. Now it is FLUSHES UP card file built by Merriam of 1,655,000 numbers flashed in light on a dark to sewer or septic tank words and usages. By the time of the screen. There was only one black hole, no digging up floors. new unabridged of 1961, this had the famous dungeon in Calcutta. It

. . swelled to about 6,155,000 collected in is now a thing in space so massive WRITE , McPHERSON, INC. Springfield, and 4 million more from that its gravity won't let its light BOX 15133«TAMPA, FIA. 33684 own 42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 ——

escape. Could anyone have imagined can start again, and just keep recy- come a convention that tried straight only two years ago that our language cling it. talk out in the open? soon less would have (much need) a If our language doesn't fascinate At a convention, he notes, every- special word for a nude person run- you, it's still better to laugh than to thing is great. There are great ning in the open? As recently as 1972 cry at what people do to this mag- speakers, great Americans, great streaker a was correctly a yellow nificent tool that we have built into humanitarians, great pleasures, great bass, so-called for the usual seven 12 million meaningful parts, and go- privileges, great public servants, all black stripes (or streaks) gill from ing up. meeting in a great assemblage in a to tail base. cover The word was also And that's what Edwin Newman is great city in a great state to advance applied ignorantly to the white bass, doing in "Strictly Speaking"—laugh- the great cause of a great party. This to else. and nothing Ecology^ ten ing until he cries. His subject is not is hardly exact speech, he objects. years ago, was the of science name a really our language at all, but what Yet it is harmony, and they say at the with no sentimental value whatever. people do to it, mainly people in pub- start that they are there for har- It dealt quite as impartially with lic life. mony, and they say it again when what exterminated a species as with Newman has attended political they go home. As for exactness, are perpetuated it. It what embraced conventions as a newsman until he they not saying exactly what a popu- famine, pestilence and slaughter could recite the next one by heart lar singer means by yeah,yeah,yeah, among creatures as subjects for cold noting the sameness of every word baby,yeah,yeah,yeah ? study. Now it means conservation. and phrase, and the uniqueness of a Be that as it may, somewhere be- Thomas Jefferson invented war language that is only rolled out at tween tears and laughter Mr. hawk for a warmonger. The use of conventions and then put away. Of Newman faithfully records the yeah, just hawk, and its opposite, dove, are course, I defend this while he does yeah, yeah of political conventions, so new that neither in appear the not, for Mr. Newman never concedes while out across the land, he tunes 1961 Webster unabridged in this that it is proper to talk just for the into a host of foot-in-mouth writers, sense. Nor does psychedelic. Merriam sound of it. talkers and other personages of our says that the term Aunt Tom has Certainly (as he does not admit) times who either can't say what they been reported she's a — woman who the purpose of a political convention mean or won't say what they can. doesn't give a fig for women's lib, and is to assemble a chorus that will play Much of it will never appear in any an obvious takeoff on an Uncle Tom a tune which it is hoped the nation dictionary. Read it and laugh if you as a black who cares not for black will like, and the nation prefers will. But save a tear for the moment movements. familiar tunes to strange music. If when you realize that he isn't really Thousands of people write to Mer- there is straight talking to be done, talking about our language, but about riam every year advising the firm of it is best spoken behind the scenes our times, and those who speak for new words and uses. Some offer to and have we not seen disaster over- us or to us. END sell the company new words. Having more than it can handle, the firm wouldn't pay a plugged nickel to any wordpeddler, but it invites freebie neologisms (that's reports on new words and usages sent to Merriam for TAKE 4 free). Freebie is too recent to have made the 1961 unabridged, but it's in Merriam's smaller Webster Collegiate ORDERS Dictionary for 1973, as are freak out, right on and rip off—though NEXT streaker came too late to make it. So nobody is going to kill our lan- WEEKEND guage. It's as bodacious as the Hydra of mythology that grew two new . earn the shoes heads if you cut one off. (The comic of your choice! strip Barney Google and Snuffy Smith has preserved the good old Southern word bodacious for us, which only means remarkable.) We have no fixed language though Mail this many have tried to fix it. It grows, coupon for our GIANT full- color catalog of the world's most beautiful for sure, in a drunk and disorderly MASON SHOE CO. Dept. G-lia shoes. When it comes, show your friends. fashion, Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin 54729 following no architect's plan. Send us their orders. Send 4 orders and Rush FREE We jerry-rig it as we go along, try- you've earned any pair of equal value for giant color catalog and order blanks showing how I can take ing parts yourself. The money you make will pay for on for size, and if one 4 orders and earn my own shoes next the shoes of your choice. And you get 350 weekend! doesn't fit we lop it off and put on a j|_so great styles to choose from! Why will friends tell me how I couple of new ones. can earn give you their orders? Because they want to EXTRA MONEY—BONUSES- If it fascinates you, I help, of course. But — more important — AMD PRIZES recommend ...even because you're giving a color TV or brand new car! that you get, if your bookstore will them a choice of nearly 350 great new styles. Men's shoes. Women's procure it for you, Prof. McDavid's shoes (matching handbags too). Dress, sport, Name 1963 abridgement of Mencken's "The work, safety shoes. Sizes? You name it And American Language," which was the prices are LOW. You'll see how low, and Address how easy it is, first weekend the catalog's in published by Knopf and is still in City your hands. Mail coupon today. print. It's one of those books that ^'ate you can read yourself to sleep over, MASON SHOE MFG. CO. 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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 43 CONTINUED FROM PAGE 9 its spacecraft with pure oxygen, at A PREVIEW OF THE COMING SOVIET-AMERICAN SPACE VENTURE five pounds per square inch. There's six days after it took off. The Apollo one of these. When two spacecraft no way to join the two—except by an will continue in orbit for about six dock, the flat surfaces of their respec- expanse of "neutral territory"—the days after parting with the Soyuz, tive "donuts" will slap together. "This air lock. landing in the Pacific Ocean near Ha- will activate eight coupling hooks in Without adjusting in an air lock, a waii on July 25—ten days after lift- the surface of each "donut." The cosmonaut entering Apollo from a off. hooks are not unlike the couplers that Soyuz would be like a scuba diver During those six days, Apollo as- hold railroad cars together. When ac- rising too suddenly from the depths. tronauts will perform a wide variety tivated, the hooks engage and pull He would risk "the bends," a some- of tests not related to the joint mis- tight. A double gasket makes the seal times fatal condition in which blood sion, including experiments in ultra- airtight. nitrogen bubbles. An astronaut going violet astronomy that could improve One of the beauties of this system to the Soyuz without first being ac- our understanding of the universe; is that astronauts or cosmonauts will climatized in an air lock would be like measurements of interplanetary he- be easily able to pass through the a scuba diver descending, subject to lium glow that might show how the docking device, once the hookup is tremendous eardrum pressures. stars evolved; observations of "soft" secure and the hatch opened, by wig- Future American spacecraft—be- X-rays that might reveal new meth- gling through the "donut hole" in its ginning with the Space Shuttle—will ods of energy production; observa- center. use the ground atmosphere system. tions of the barium clouds released For this mission, however, an air lock by sounding rockets that could give was necessary. The air lock module information about the dynamics of was developed entirely by NASA and the upper atmosphere; measure- built by Rockwell International. It ments of peculiarities in the Earth's will be orbited by the same rocket gravity field that could reveal min- that lofts the Apollo, partly because eral and oil deposits, and several the Russian launch rocket is not others. powerful enough to lift both it and As in the case of the joint tests, the Sojnaz. some of these tests have been con- The hatch doors of the air lock will tracted for by other nations. One, be sealed at both ends after an astro- originating in India, will have the naut or cosmonaut has entered. Then, Apollo survey the Himalayas for the atmosphere inside will be gradu- snow to determine how much water is ally changed so that the crewman can available for human and agricultural adjust. use. Another, designed by German Both spacecraft have been modified scientists, involves the "electropho- in other ways, too. The Apollo has resis" process for separating living been given larger propellant tanks, cells, a test that could advance dra- "I suppose now the best I to handle the more extensive rendez- .?" matically immunology and cancer re- can hope for is a 'C . . vous maneuvers. New, U.S. -style ra- search. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE dio equipment and fiashing lights Soviet and American scientists have been added to the Soyuz, to aid have had to modify both capsules "This docking mechanism is defi- rendezvous. somewhat to assure the mission's suc- nitely better than what we had," The Soyuz has gotten at least one cess and solve several other mechan- says astronaut Tom Stafford, and "it's safety change, too. There have been ical problems. better than what they [had]. Both several accidents involving Soyuz Technically, the first order of busi- countries have got together and built craft in the past. The worst came in ness was to design a new system that a better mousetrap." 1971, when a pressurization leak in would let the two craft dock in space. In the joint mission, the Soyuz will Soyuz II killed the three-man crew, The current Soviet and U.S. dock- carry the new docking mechanism, during re-entry. As a result of U.S. ing systems are both based on the but the Apollo will have the old pin- insistence, a new, fast-acting manual "pin-cone" principle, which calls for cone device. The reason for this par- pressurization device has been in- two spacecraft to dock by the inser- adox is that the Apollo will use stalled in the Soyuz capsule. tion of a "pin" from one into a con- pin-cone equipment to join with and By the time the Apollo-Soyuz mis- cave "cone" attached to the other. extract the docking module/air lock sion has ended, Russia and the U.S. The cone's steep sides guide the pin from the empty second stage of its will have spent roughly five years into a locking device at its point. This launch rocket. "The module will carry and $250 million each to make it a system allows docking only between the U.S. half of the new docking gad- success. Yet in some respects the a "pinned" and a "coned" craft. get, at the end that will join to the joint mission duplicates past space Because their systems, though sim- Soyuz. ventures by both countries. Why, ilar, were different enough to be in- "The docking module/air lock was then, have they thought it worth- compatible, the two countries needed built to solve the second major tech- while? to build a new docking system from nical problem the mission faced : how According to the public pronounce- scratch. They also agreed that the to permit crewmen from Apollo to ments of both countries, the mission's best approach would be a design that transfer to Soyuz and vice versa, major goal is more political than sci- would let any two spacecraft join. despite their different atmospheres. entific, to show what can be done Beginning with the Apollo-Soyuz Soviet spacecraft provide their cos- when two powers work together mission, spacecraft orbited by either monauts with an air mixture very peacefully; and to take the first step country will carry the new docking much like that on the Earth's surface in establishing a set of space laws system. Its major component is a flat- —about 20% oxygen and 80% nitro- similar to the laws of the sea. faced metal "donut" about five feet in gen, at 14.7 pounds per square inch Both countries have also cited the diameter. Each spacecraft will have pressure. The U.S. has always filled V£ilue of the new docking system, both

44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . JANUARY 1975 ,

for the fact that it will make possible sum needed for original research and space rescues by either side if the oth- development. er's spacecraft are in distress, and Soviet civilian space oflScials also New that it will make their own space see the Apollo-Soyuz program as a docking operations more flexible and means of putting Russia in a position FLORIDA LAKEFRONT convenient. They've also pointed to to gain advance knowledge of U.S. DEVELOPMENT the value of the mission's scientific technological thinking in space sci- experiments. But each country has ence. several less obvious motives, some of The United States, aware of this, Beautifully Furnished 2 Bedroom which conflict. isn't quite ready to open all the doors, 60'xl2'PERMA MOBILE® HOME From a practical standpoint, even especially as the era of commercial Including a Choice if the upcoming Apollo-Soyuz mission exploitation of space approaches, is the last time the two nations get with the coming of the Space Shuttle. 6000 Sq. Ft. LOT All For Only together in space, both countries will This is probably the real reason for beneflt by being able to keep their NASA's reticence. manned spaceflight teams together in From a psychological standpoint, the face of budget cuts and greatly Russia sees the forthcoming mission reduced civilian space programs. as a way to demonstrate its techno- This is especially true for NASA, logical equality with the U.S.—even though no Soviet manned vehicle has ever landed on the moon, and despite the several Russian space disasters in the last five years. It's as if the lesser- known political challenger has managed to get the incumbent to debate TV. him on nationwide Beoi Hiqh CmI oi Limql But it might not turn out the way Ideally situated— in the heart of the Orange Soviets hope. In fact, anyone the who Grove and Lake Section of Florida. Just 8 follows the mission closely will see a miles from Leesburg—directly on U. S. High- stunning demonstration of U.S. space way *441-27. The "Gateway to Disney World." superiority. The American craft will IMPORTANT! Bear in mind you are not renting (three to carry more astronauts two) the lot—YOU OWN IT OUTRIGHT! This quali- stay in space longer (ten days to six) fies you for Florida Homestead Exemption— perform more difl^icult tasks (launch- thus affording you a BIG tax saving! ing and manipulating the docking 15 FURNISHED MODELS INCLUDING module/air lock and taking the ac- DOUBLE WIDES ON DISPLAY tive role in docking) and accomplish more of scientific value (performing

"I never have any problems getting out approximately 20 individual experi- " Protect.on to play. Whenever my Mother asks me ments to Russia's five). So if the security

I ask her where I came where I'm going, mission is cast in the light of one- Bus Service from and she tells me to go out and play." .Free upmanship, we'd win. Sewers , Storm THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE Nonetheless, the mission will be a Streets vivid demonstration of growing U.S.- , Paved Street Uh^s which has no other manned mission USSR cooperation and, as such, .Mercury Street Posts on tap between the last Skylab flight should have a strong impact on each • Corner GarbageCoUec'on —which ended in Sept. 1973—and nation's allies, client states and oppo- • the first Space Shuttle flight, now nents. scheduled for 1977 or 1978. Without The mission's main psychological Apollo-Soyuz, it would have been im- impact will not be on governments, possible for NASA to keep some 4,400 but on the millions—possibly billions .UndergrouridE^^ectr^J^^ scientists, engineers and technicians —of ordinary citizens who will see it on the payroll during the lull. all happen in their living rooms. It If the Apollo-Soyuz flight turns out could change a lot of Russian ideas to be just the flrst of many joint ven- about America and vice versa. tures, both countries could save a "Even now, long before the flight," ^Rank Financing bundle by avoiding future duplicate says Chester M. Lee, the mission's efforts. U.S. program director, "a contribu- iit Minimum base price. Carport, patio, landscaping, utility room, air conditioning, etc., are extras. of But it is here that our objectives tion is being made to the cause Come visii us of Orange Blossom Gardens— and Russia's begin to diverge. Russia peace and better understanding be- one of the finesi planned Mobile Home Communiiy's in all of Florida! has made clear its eagerness for more tween our two countries." Just how joint missions. NASA has responded true such expectations may be re- SEND NOW FOR FREE INFORMATION by saying it would like to, but the mains to be seen. The operation has ORANGE BLOSSOM GARDENS, Dept 59-H budget won't allow it. not proceeded in complete harmony. 2148 N.E. 164th St., Miami, Florida 33162 Before U.S. astronauts landed on In fact, U.S. News and World Report Rush literature • No Salesman will call. the moon, Russia insisted on develop- for Nov. 25 described U.S. space offi- NAM E__ . if cials as "hopping mad" over refusal ing her own technology, even the ADDRESS West already had it. Today, the USSR of the Russians to let American re- I C TV , is buying whatever Western technol- porters watch their blastoff, though STATE _2IP_ ogy it can, here and in Europe, Soviet newsmen have been invited to Office (305) 945-2641 Properly Office (904) 753-2270 rather than spending the far greater witness ours. end

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 45 T IS THE U.S. TREASURY STAMP HOLDING A FORGOTTEN Grab Bag rSSHOPPER "E" BOND OF YOURS? only 10< J4 Giant grab bae of over 100 unassorted foreign stamps! Africa, Asia, Europe, South know, once Seas, etc. You will also re- Did you, or someone you ceive the most wonderful buy series "E" U.S. Savings Bonds and catalog of stamp offers in America. This offer ask the Treasury Department to hold made to gather new names for our stamp mail- inn list. Just send name, address, zip and 10(J to: them for you until you had a perma- LITTLETON STAMP CO.. Dept. G-3 nent address? Many men and women Littleton, New Hampshire 03561 on military duty, going all the way back to May 1, 1941, did that. Then thousands of them never claimed the bonds. The Treasury Dep't is still holding Be- ALL SPORTS CAP. Custom-designed light them and looking for the owners. blue cap. Poplin with foam lining and low are 92 names from A through L plastic tab size adjustment. Front panel is with embroidered Legion emblem from a list supplied to us, by last name 5 foreign coins, 100 mesh attached. $2.75 each OR just $26.85 per of of of and service serial number, some We'll send you, for 10^, seldom seen coins Spain, dozen. Order No. 70874 from National Finland, Siena Leone, Turkey and Czechoslo- the bondowners, be they alive or dead Emblem Sales, The American Legion, vakia. Plus a colorful foreiprn banknote. Just to still Dept. L, P. O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, today. Owners or their estates may get your name for our mailing list. We'll include Indiana 46206 claim the bonds by establishing own- our free catalog of coins, paper money, collec- tor's supplies. Send 10^, name, address, zip to: ership. // last name and serial number LITTLETON CO.. Dept. MB-7 sending full name and COIN match, start by Littleton, New Hampshire 03561 of present mailing address to : "Bureau Public Debt, Safekeeping AL, Wash- MAGNIFYING GLASSES ington, D.C. 20226." We will print more as our space allows in future issues. RUPTURED? Abromowitz 478699. Adair 35513705. We've brought rupture relief to lit- Adams 35460616. Allen 601845. Alvares 30417594. Amberg 31053385. erally millions of reducible inguinal Antonucci 32353113. Anderson 501680. . hernia victims . . and we can help A Blessing For Folks Over 40 Apice 32726653. Arredondo 38607714. you, too. In fact, we guarantee we'll Read newspaper, telephone book, Bible Baker 39544030. Baumann 32197411. make your life more comfortable and do close work easily. SEE CLEARER Bernhard 33181035. Black 19175767. and pleasant or you owe us nothing. INSTANTLY. Not Rx or for astigmatism Bogusiewicz 36016382. Brady 734435. or eye diseases. 10 day trial. Sturdy, Write us for details. We'll rush you Bratcher 33066730. Breed 14045322. good-looking. Glass precision ground and the answer to your rupture problem polished; metal hinges. Send age. sex. Cannon 6718274. Carpenter 35345707. by return mail. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. On ar- 38091870. Cavness 38068410. rival pay postman $5.95 plus C.O.D. or Carter • Dept. AL-15Q Charbonneau 39683673. Conger 345095. Kinien Co. send only $5.95 and we pay postage. 809 Wyandotte • Kansas City, Mo. 64105 Coochise 39847709. Corbett 611210. Sorry—no sales in Minnesota. PRECISION OPTICAL CO., Dept. 34-B Rochelle, 111. 61088 Di lenno 410750. Dixon 33265956. Doyle 32654772. Drake 35436896. This section is presented as a service Duden 37301609. Durham 19127081. Durrell 406289. Dzialuk 35316369. to readers and advertisers. All products are sold with a money-back 39535493. Earl 775758. East guarantee. When ordering, allovir 3-5 Eaton 33044399. Edwards 6151709. weeks delivery. Egge 39031095. Elizondo 6210142. Eller 18017107. Ellsworth 37277903.

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46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 —

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . JANUARY 1975 47 DOING WITHOUT I woke up this morning expecting the worst So I stayed where I was to avoid being first First to get up, first to discover

The furnace turned ofl^ by my wise, frugal mother. Paul James Uhalde SOMETHING TO PONDER A meeting is where a group of people approve the minutes and waste the hours. Mrs. W. B. Jolly CHOPPER HUNT The hunt is on again, alas! Join in, now, one and all! Search thoroughly each shelf and glass In bedroom, bathroom, hall; Do not surrender to defeat. Look up, down and beneath; Just keep in mind Grandpa can't eat Until we find his teeth! Addison H. Hallock SLOWEST DECISION Did you hear about the fellow who decided to procrastinate? He never got around

to it. Thomas LaMance MIXED EMOTIONS A little gnat has come to stay, He's been with me a week, today; He seems to feel a squatter's right, Passing by my nose in flight. "Just because they're playing our song you I swing, I flail and grow more frantic; didn't liave to give tiiem the last « boat." He taunts me, still, with playful antic, THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE Confidently sure that I Will miss him as he zeroes by! "Tiny being, so defiant. Why choose to live with me—a giant?"

Yesterday, I almost got him . . . THOSE GARAGE SALES! Maybe, I don't want to swat him! Ruth Bane A woman came out of her back door one Saturday afternoon to see her husband pushing a lawn mower down the driveway toward the storage shed SIGN OF INFLATION bargain is anything costs next to the garage. A that no more today it last week. "I'm really happy to see that the neighbors returned our lawn mower than did Franklin P. Jones before they moved," said the wife. "They've certainly had it long enough." "Our lawn mower!" ejaculated her husband. "I just bought it at the garage sale they're having!" Dan Bennett ECONOMY MOVE

A recent cutback in a local government office had reduced a typing pool from eight girls to four. When the disgruntled supervisor was asked whether she could arrange to have something typed, she declared, "I'll send it to the typing puddle." (Mrs.) H. (Honey) R. Greer

THE GUESSING GAME

Invited to join the office staff at a neighborhood bar, one husband ex- pressed his regret, "I can't, I have to get right home and explain to my wife." "Explain what?" asked one of his co-workers. "How should I know?" answered the man. "I'm not home yet."

Lucille J. Goodyear NOT TO WORRY

Just as they arrived at a party, a man whispered to his wife, "Your left stocking seam looks crooked." Quickly she made the necessary adjustments while they stood at the edge of the crowd. Then she whispered to him, "What about the right stocking?" "I would probably like this meatless

"Don't worry about the right one," he said. "It's seamless." meatloaf better if I had tasteless taste buds." Lane Olinghouse THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JANUARY 1975 ! , , .

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IMPORTANT PAIRS NO-IRON for Permanent Only Press Wash & Wear, I 2 Two-Way Save Yourself a Bundle! A friend of mine recently went in to suit. They showed him the latest model and he Stretch buy himself a new was all ready to say "Yes" when he remembered to look at the and price - $ 175! "I'm sorry," he said, and then and there he decided NO not to buy a new suit at all. WRINKLES! I Because there is an alternative. For more than 49 years, millions NJ pair of men have been sending to Haband Company of Paterson. for to save big money on all their clothing needs, and today 100% polyester knit Business Slacks are Haband's biggest business! 95 Instead of the $175 suit, men are wearing our deluxe Knit Slacks! 19 They always look fresh, never need ironing. Two-Way Knit gives more connfortable full fit in seat, knees, crotch and thighs. They never bag or droop and you get T All These Tailoring Details to KEEP THE GOOD LOOKS. • 100% Polyester No Pucker •Heavy, Long Wearing NON-SNAG KNIT Flat Fly. No-Hole Knit Pocketing. • "Ban-Rol®" •New Unbreakable • Full Gentleman's Cut. Look! No-Roll Nylon Spiral Zipper. .^Automatic Machine Inner Waistband. The day •Two Deep WASH and of high- • Hook Top Closure. ^Back Pockets^ WEAR. priced men 's clothing is 5 Colors to Choos coming to an end! There are Order Any 2 pairs other demands on your dollars. Direct by Mail. But you can have Fast, R eliable Se rvice these well made, handsomely fit I HABAND'S Executive Knit Slacks 100% Polyester and get ANY I Iknit YOUR EXACT SIZE, direct by U.S. Mail! ISLACKS There is only one hitch - We simply cannot tell you the famous "fancy brand name" of the deluxe 100% !M9z_ polyester in our slacks. These M. Habernickel, Jr., Pres. high-priced guys are pretty HABAND COMPANY touchy about us breaking price 3 pair 29.70 265 North 9th Street lines. Suffice it to say they are 4 pairs 39.20 Paterson, N.J. 07530 top quality made-in-U.S.A. All 5 for 48.75 American brand, long, long Dear Sir: You may send AVAILABLE SIZES: wearing two-way stretch me pairs of your Waists: 29-30-31-32-33-34-35-36-37-38- Non-Snag Knits. Haband Two-Way Knit 39-40-41-42-43-44-45-46-47- Executive Slacks as 48-49-SO-S 1-52-53-54. Please Understand : These are neither high-style over-priced resort specified hereon for Inseams: 26-27-2 8-29-30-31-32-3 3-34. slacks nor stodgy old trousers that which I enclose would label you an old man. Just remittance in fulL COLORS excellent value on middle-of-the- NAVY road good looks that will stay in HABAND PAYS , style year after year after year POSTAGE & HANDLING jCOLD LET US SHOW YOU TWO PAIRS: GUARANTEE: If for any reason BROWN We will be proud to send you Any 2 I do not choose to wear them I pairs you'd like for an On Approval, when I see them, the slacks may GREEN 1 Money Back, At-Home Inspection. be returned for a full refund of I paid you. BURGUNDY Try them on, show the family, and every penny then decide. It's fast and easy 70H-09 Just Mail This Coupon to Name Apt. Street #

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