A Review of the Palaearctic Species of Aphciniosonzcr Becker (Diptera, Chyrornyidae), with Descriptions of New Species and a Key for the Identification of Adults

- hlitt. hí~is.i\at.kd. Berl.. Dtsch. eiitoinol. Z. 45 (1995) 2. 191-730 .. W

Martin J. Ebejer’

n‘ith 83 figures and 1 table

Ir’ I Abstract

Al1 known Palaearctic species of ApImiiosoitirr Becker are reviewed. Taxononiy and niorphological variation are discussed. Notes on ecology and distribution are given kvhere these are knoivn. Eighteen species are described as new: barraki, bicnrinn- rioti, egregiiim, fnlciferiini, forcipnriini, grisescois. inipirdens, necopimrirni, uigricorrda, iiigrimi, occidenrnlis, piligeririli, prosi- tfiiini, sciirellnris, sericoiidn, spitiii-enrris. rriserirni and i.erecirndiriti. The males of fi\.e otlier species are described and’or illustrated uhere this \vas not previously available: nmiiilnritrii Lyneborg. oppro.ui/tinrirni Becker, Iinckniririi Lyneborg. nigrohirfiiui Hendel and irnicolor Hendel. Two species are synonymised: grncciim Ebejer = meliretisis Ebejer. and ~rocknti~ernfiiniEbejer = collini Lyneborg. The males of Iiiingririciim Soós. lntifrons (Loetv) and sertiico/isors Czeriiy reniain unknown. The types of lnrifroris and semiconsors are redescribed and a Iectotype is designated for semicotisors. A key for the identification of adults of both sexes is provided.

Key words: Chyromyidae. Aplrnnioso/iin, Palaearctic. descriptions. tasoiiomy. ke‘. distribution.

Introditction bach’s genus Peletophila, where Loew (1S73) had placed his species lntifrons. Of these four species 1 Aplznrziosonzn Becker is a gmus of very small only qrradrinorntirr?~has had the male hypopy- flies betweeii 0.7 to 2.0 mm in length. The spe- giiim illustrated (Frey 195Sa), but the specimen cies occur world-wide, generally in marshes and was only presumed to be the same as the female near water bodies. They are more numerous and types. Current opinion recognises only the genus diverse in semi-arid regions, particularly in coastal Aphnriiosoim (Soós 19S4). However, this is not areas. As studies on Chyromyidae progress it is because it is thought that al1 the species of Aph- beconiing iiicreasingly apparent that there are nriiosonin forrn a single monophyletic group. but niany more species than hitherto appreciated. onlj- for lack of sufficient stiidy (W’heeler & Sin- especially in the genus Aplinriiosomi. clair 1994: Ebejer 1996). Collin (1949) examined There is a need to revise the family on a Becker’s series of npproxinintiini and illustrated worlci basis in order to sort out tlie genera and the hypopygium iiz sini. which, as maj be dedu- their phylogenetic relationships as well as the ced from this article. is non‘ quite inadequate- relationships between species \\ithin Aplinnioso- for diagnosis. as many more species of the iizn Becker. Prior to this undertaking a revision group are recogised which present very similar of the Palaearctic species ancl a description of externa1 characters. Both lntifroiis ancl sesliricn- several neu species in hand is considered ap- riirii are poorly described and only from fema- propriate in order to define the tasononiic char- 12s. Subsequent ivorkers niade no mention of acters. correct previous errors. and clarify the seeing the types and niay hace conipared their status of se\,eral species described by earlier taxa onl! ivith the original descriptions. T~vo a u t h o r s. other species ha\.e been described from females: Becker (1903) erected the genus ivith oppr0.i-i- sciiiicorzsors Czerny (1 927) and Iirrrigariciuii trinfiim as the type species. bvhich hs described Soós (19Sla). When males of thrse species are from Eg!.pt. Strobl (1905) added seslirierrtiliri. e\.entually described and illustrated, any of seve- Becker (1904) described qiindrinorntiu~.but pla- ral new spscies described since could turn out ced it with other known Chyroniyidae in Hagen- to be the sanie.

’ Dr. M. J. Ebejer. Taniarisk, Triq. P. P Castagna. Balzan BZN 07. Malta Received April 199S, accepted June 199s For tliis article 1 have attenipted to locate Iel; a minute prostigmatical present. 1 \\,el1 and stiicl>, al1 tbpe material of the Palaearctic developed niesopkural ancl 1 sternopleural. species and bvhen the opportunit!, presented it- sonietinies \vith additional hairs or bristles. self. 1 also esaniineci types of 'species froni Abdonien: 6 segnients in nialr. S in feniale: other zoogeographical regions. The t!.pes of the males often Lvith secondar? sesual niodifications: follon ing \\ ere not located or borrov ed: m/iri/u- postabdonien liiglily mociified as are one or fiiiii Lyneborg. /ir[ugtrric~/~zSoós and sesliiicti- more a p i ca 1 s t e r 11i te s : li !'p o p y g i uni \vi t h h ig hl! trriir Strobl. Further cletails are giveii iinder the modified eparidriuni \\.hich may be bifid or respective t a son. ni a rk e ci l y i-t3d iced. o fte n i 11terna 1 \v i t 11 i n te rg i te 6: in addition. the h!,pop!,gium sonietiiiies has bi- zarre projections of \.ariable origin but \vliich are Aplirrniosomn Becker often modified surstyli. fused or othenvisz to the epandriuni: gonostyli sometimes recoyisable, ~l~~/r~//ri~~.~-~)/iii7Bzckrr. 1903. hlitteiltingttn ~LSdem Zoolo- \.a r i a bl y f us e d wi t h h y pa n dri u ni an d some t i me s gischc'n Xlusrum in Berlin Z (3): 1Sh. Tqx spscic's Apiimiiosr>- also n.ith incurved lo\ver margin of tergite 6 and /;r(r ccpp,.o.t-i/;ii/iir/~iBscker. 1903 (loc. cit.). by original dtsie- ii a t ion. pos s i b l y t h e pre ge n i t nl s t e r ni t e : d is t i p h al 111s va r- i ousl y st r ii c t 11re d. pig me n t e d a nd / or sc 1e ro t i sed, Separable froni other genera of Chyroiiiyidae by sometimes relativel!. enornious: basiphallus, the absence of incur\.ed lower orbital. by the oc- paraphallic structures. bacilliform sclerites and ciput being distinctly concave and de\.oicl of bris- tlie region where these fuse or articulate witli tles, by having a facial carina, by the presence of the hypandrium and apodeme are often very dif- apico-ventral bristles on the niiddle tibia, a pro- b ficult to define. stigmatical hair or bristie. males having strongly moclified pregenital sternites, a hypopygium R'i n g: reiiiarkably honiogeneous for the nhole which characteristically has a reduced often inter- family; firie bristles oti costal margin shox some nal epandrium ancl highly modified. complex \,ariation but tliese have not been adequately phallic and parapli a II'ic striictiires. studied. Hea d : round or elongated longitudinally: frons Le gs: yellow (rarely. with dark rings or bands); with scattered hairs and narrowing in front femora ne\.er dilated: hind trochanter modified above the antennae: antenna short nith round in a few circuni-hlediterranean species. middle t h i rd se g me n t a ii d h a i rl i k e. b a re a r i s t a: occi p u t tibia \\ ith distinct apico-ventrals. concave ancl bare escept for narrow rini of postoculars: gena hnired, variable in n.idth. but a In,a~,sn a rr0n.e r be Ion. anterior e !.e nia r g iii com- Tasoiiorriic Ctiaracters pared to posterior: e!'e oval. onl!, sometimes rouiid. occasionally uith microscopic hairs: chaeto- -1112 piirp~seof i-cvicniiig tlie tas»iioniic ciiaractc'rs ij io hiphfi~htthose u hich haw heen foiirid tiscfiil. to gi\e an in- tasy: 0-6 orbitals. but niost often 2-3. one inner dicntion of tlic' dsgree of variation. aiid to cliirif! previolis and 011s outer \vertical. crossed or parallel posto- iionic'iiclatiii'e. c cel I a rs. \\,h ic h ay be secon d a r i I y \.e ry reduce d ni Head: ?he proportions of the frons are fairly or absent. constan t \\,i t h i n each s psci es. 111 t ers pcci fic 1.a ria - TI1 oras : uithoiit unusual moclification: chaeto- tion seems to be niainl!. iii tlie clegree of Lvidth tas!': 1-3 humeral. 1-3 posthunitxal. one of \'crsus length ancl the degree 10 \\.hich the eye \\,hich is alu,a!.s \\.el1 de\.eloped: sonietiiiies 1 in- niargins on tlie frons are parallel or otlier\\.ise to t rnh 11m e r a 1: 1 o 1- no p re s LI t ii r a I d orsoce n t r n l. each other. A siriipls assessment of tiis latter is n.hich niny or niay not be acconipanied by a pre- tn espi-ess thc \\.icIth of tlie frons aí tlie le\.el of su t 11r a I i n t r a a 1a r : h i iidni os t d orsoce n t r a 1 a 1\\,a y s tlic anteiinne as a fraction of the \\.iclth at the ~~11de\.eloped. anterior to this a rou. of 3-10 Ie\.el of the anterior ocellus. Genal Iicight is also hairs or bristles: acrosticlials in 3 rou's or re- \.ariable bstlveen species hut morr: diflicrilt to placed b!. 4-10 ron's of intradorsocentral setu- compare. as the lonvr niargin is cut-ved and the he. n.liich may 01-may not rsach anterior andior aiigle at Ivhich the gena nierges \\Mi tlie parafa- posterior margin of mesoiiotiim. sometimes the cial is too variable. Iii this article. the part of the prescutellar acrostichals are well developed; 1 SLI- gena belon the anterior eye margin \vhen praalar: scutellum always with 2 pairs of well de- viewed strictly from the side is compared to the \,eloped marginals, the apical more or less paral- short dianieter of the oval eye. The face is short 8 ancl iisuall!. partl!. obscured by tlie anterior or "strong" or '.urell developed" al1 three terms edges of tlie genae. Betu,een tlie antennae there being iised by varioiis authors to mean the same is a variably developed facial keel. The number thing. It is a moot point whether one should cal1 and length of orbital bristles. presence or ab- anythins shorter than this a "bristle" ancl not a sence of long frontal bristles in front of the ocel- "hair". U'here 1 lia\.e niade this distinction 1 did lar triangle and colour of third antennal seg- so onl!. for descriptive purposes. since al1 iiiter- nient. occipiit and frons present little difficulty. mediate grades esist. There may be froni 4 to 12 Coloration is sonienhit variable, as can be es- dorsocentrals. but in a given species jxriation is pected. This is particularl!. so in the case of the rarel!. more than one above or below the niean frons of those females Ivhich have a pair of long number. The same applies to the acrostichals; in frontal bristles. n.here there is sometimes a cres- addition. the distance betneen their ro\\'s com- centic darkening. present in a smaller or greater pared to that between theni and the dorso- proportion of feniales of the same species. In centrals. as \\,el1 as how far back toivards the scu- this group. the third antennal segment niay also tellum they estend, are sometimes iiseful be somenkat infuscated in some specimens. but characters to separate other\vise very similar spe- it is rarel!. deep brown. in which case such a col- cies. In the rlirtrtll.i/2orrtrii/i? group sonie species our is the norm for that species. ha1-e the prescutellar pair of acrostichals well developed. In the nppo.t-Niiatiiiii group sonie of the Tliorax: The overall ground colour is either prescutellar acrostichals become unstable as re- clearly yellow (the qiindi.inofniiim group) or pre- gards position and number. In the qirodrinofcrtirm dominantly grey to black (the oppro.t-ininfiim group the niesonotal stripes can vary from deep group). Most species fall easily into the two black to a ver!' faint greyish jfello\\, n.ithin the groups. Those where yellow clearly predomi- same species. thus making this an iinreliable nates. ei'en if broad black mesonotal stripes are character for species separation. In al1 species present, tend to be larger (body length about there are 1 mesopleural and 1 sternopleural bristle 1.5-2.2nini). Those nhere black or grey areas at the posterior iipper corner of each sclerite. In on the mesonotuni. scutellum and pleura predo- sonie species there niay be additional bristles be- niinate are generally smaller (body length low andíor anterior to these. Most Aplwziosonm 0.7-1.5 mm). In the latter group the nietanotum have a prostigniatical hair, which niay be very is always black. the abdomen extensively brown small and difficult to see. or black and a majority of species haIre the pair A b d o ni e n : Onl!. a fe\\. species have characteris- of long frontal bristles in front of the ocellar tri- tic patterns eitlier of colour or shape. A useful angle. A \\.el1 developed intraalar aiid long dor- clue to help separate othernise similar species is socentral close to the transverce suture are most the degree of pallor of the lateral aspsct of the unusual. in this group. Species lvith predomi- tergites to\varcls the apes of the abdomen. In nantl!. !.ello\v ground coloration include al1 those sonie feniales e.g. those of pr.opiriqiinii.c Collin n.ith a modified hind troclianter, 2 \.ery long or- ancl d/io.ft/riciiui Ebejei-. the pattern ancl shape of bitals (rarely 3). long anterior dorsocentrals and the tergites at the apes is sufficiently stable tÓ sometimes a \ve11 de\.eloped presutural intraalar. allo\\, foi- reliable separation from similar species. This latter bristle is not to be niistaken for the The re1atii.e lengths of tergites 4. 5 anci 6 are strong posthiiineral. particularl!. if another strong sometinies helpful. especiall!, in males. In a few bristle is present at the anterior edge of the me- spscies there are \ve11 cle\.eloped niale secondar!. sonotiini betlveen the hiinierus and the first dor- sesiial characters on these tergitc-s. Also in socentral ancl \\.hich may be referred to as an males. the pregenital sternites are freqiiently '3 ti t ra h u me ral " . nie t rus piesu t u ra 1 i n t raa la r is hig h 11. tiiodi fiecl. niak ing t he ni \.er!. use ful shuc- longitiiciinall!. in lins \\.itli the intraalar lo\\' arid t ii res fo r id c- 11 tif i ca t i o ii (see 11nck r post a bclo iir? n) . transversely in line and bet\veeii tlie anterior notopleural ancl presutiiral dorsocentral. In a feiv Post a b d oni e ti / H !.p opyg i 11 ni: Tlie tsrniiriol- species (belonging to both groups). it iiia!. be dif- o:!. o f li!.pop!.gi a 1 s t r uc t ures has bse n so nicii.hat ficult to interpret *.length" of the bristles at the confusirig in the literature. In this article. 1 ha\,e front of the niesonotuni. Coniparison should be adopted the nonienclaturz used b!. ii'heelei- ¿Q niade bet\veen the hindniost dorsocentral and Sinclair (1993). This appears to be the most logi- the bristle in question. If the bristle in question cal so far, even though at times it is clifficult to is at least one thircl the length of the hindmost apply to Palaearctic species, many of which have dorsocentral then it should be considered "long"; structures tiiat are difficuit to identif!,. The male posta bdoiiie n i n t fiis ge 11 lis sho\\.s rcinarka ble \.Vi ng : ~iiei-eare no reaily usefüi cliaracters complesit!. of de\~elopment.It inclucles the 7th here as the iiniformity within the genus is too segnient. Tlie epandriiini can be \.er!. reduced. great and sonic allometric variation \\.ittiin spe- bifid. internal to tergite 6 or so modified that it cies niust bs allon.ed for. Hotvever. in closely re- becoiiies difficult to separate it froni the hypan- lated species ivhich are difficult to separate in clrium and surst!.li (= projections or processes in females. some of the vein proportions may be pre\.ious Fvorks). Like\\.ise. the pregonites and he I p ful si1 p por t ing cha r act e rs and t he re fo re t he se Sonostyli (= paralobes. iii previous n.orks) can be have been included in tlie desci-iptions. \xriously developed and fiised togethsr andíor L e g s : Al1 species ha\.e yellow Iegs: tn'o have Lvith the hypandriuni. Ofteii it is inipossible to be distinct dark bro\vn bands on the femora and ti- sure lvhich structiire is homologous nrith \vhich biae. Some species have the fifth tarsal segment kvheii comparing species. Tlie phallus may be to- darkened, and an undescribed species (females tall!, menibranoiis or heavily sclerotised. In onl!,) from the eastern Palaearctic has the last either case it nia!. be deeply pigniented or not. three sepments of the foreleg darkened. Two h'hen it is neither sclerotised nor pigniented, it Kew iVorlcl spscies havc the hind basitarsiis too is \rirtuall!; impossible to define. Tlie surstyli modified in the male (Hardy CP: Delfinado 1980, and ponostyli can be so elaborately cle\reloped \Vheeler & Siticlair 1994). In the inajority leg that in some species the!, can be exaniined with- niodification is niinimal. Ho\ve\.er, a small out dissection. Caution must be esercised as group of species from the Mediterranean region these striictures are sometinies folded iriwards have characteristic pro-jections on the posterior and may be thouyht to be absent. It is now ap- aspect of the hind trochanter in the male. Vir- parent that Collin's (1949) characters of '-black tually ali Apliatziosorm have a pair of \ve11 de- projections". and . . . "aedeagus (= phallus) with \,eloped bristles at the apex of the middle tibia lon5 divergent \\-irigs" . . . and . . . "shiny black \.en t rallj-. patches on the 6th tergite" occiir in several quite distinct species. Furtherniore. the way the postabdomen is prepared for eramination will determine the estent of the unfolding of these Species Groups processes and of thc phallus to reveal such "n.ings". Considerable "u.etting" ma!' be neces- There are obvious siinilarities between some spe- sar!. to iinfolcl anci erpand the tissues. particu- cies. although it is not clear at present to what larly the phallus. to rzveal relationships. On the estent thcse represent true phyletic affinities. o t he r han d. compara t i \-e1 >, 1i t t l e mace ra t ion i n hlore stiicl!.. particularly of the male postabdo- 10% potassium h!.droside (01.85% lactic acid) is me ti. i s r ecliii r ecl . Ne ve r t he less. a t c ii t a t i\,e group- iisually required (iinder constant ohserkxtion) if ing of species is gi\.en. kvliich niay forni a basis iinportaiit featiires are not to break off or poorly for further classification in the future. Havever, sclerotised parts (including the "di\.ergent at present it serves a useful purpose. iviiereby

\\,i n g s " be a b ol is h e d co nip I e te l!,. To e niph asise an!. neiv species can easily be placed among this point 1 Iia1.e illustrated an esaniple of the those most similar to it. Al1 described spmies are sa ni e spe c ie c. firs t n.it h t h e h !'popy= i u ni ha \.i ng listed in the table. liad little pi.ep;1ratioii alid theIi aftt.r "Liiifold- Th e *. rippmi-iti I~I ti II i I gr oiip" is ch ara c t e r ise d in?" (fizs 67. 63). Collin (loc. cit.) illustrated the by a pair of long bristles on the froiis in front of pregeiiital steriiites in two species. It is now ttie ocellar triangle and by the absencc of \vell- clear that there is great di\,ersit!- in thzse ster- cle\~elopcdpresutural dorsocentrals. nites betn.een species. niakiiis theni iiscful for The "clr~~rn/.iirotnrrriIigroiip" is cliaracteiised i clc n ti fica t i o ti par t icidarl!.. siiice i t is o fte 11 much by the strong de\.elopment of presutiiral dorso- e asi e r to esa ni i n e t he se t ha n tlie e pa n d r i u ni- h1.- centrals. ancl ofteti a presiitural intraalar. 2 long pa 11ci i-i 11ni com pkz . H o\\.?\.e 1'. i t i s somc' t i mes posterior oi-hitals arid b!. the absence of long \.ei-!. difficult to bc. sure \\.hicli stsriiits is niodi- frontals. fied ancl how iiian!. are fussd tozether. or eveii The "larifiotrs group" has neither tlie long ho\\. Iiilich of the moclificatioti is dlie to fiision. f r o tit a 1s n o r t h e \ve 11-de \.e 1o pe d p re s 11t ii r a 1 cl o rso - nith the sternite. of a part or \vhole of a post- centrals and intraalar, but retain tlie acrostichals abdominal tergite. For this reason. 1 have in t\vo ro\vs: many have a reduced length of the termed the niodified sternite(s) simply as the orbital bristles but ratlier than a reduction in '-pregenital stertiite". their number, these niay be increased to sis. Rlitt. hliis n’nt kd Berl., Dtsch. entoniol. Z 45 (199s) 2 195 1- 5

The world species of Aphaniosoma listed in sprcies groups. Those occurring oiitside tlic Palaearctic are placed in brackets.

“npproxiinntiiiti groiip”

nppro.vimirio>i Becker. 1903 cíirelhrriri Ebejer. 1993 ri:oriciriri Fre!: 195s nríibicririi Ebejer. 1996 colli)ii L!msborg. 1973 egwgiiriri sp. n. bnrrnki sp. n. hncktiiarii Lyneborg. 1973 cwiirieris Ebejer. 1993 hicnri~irirrimsp. n. Iinrreiii Ebejer. 1996 ftrlciferiirii sp. n. bre\~i\~irrarrruiEbejer. 3993 propitiqi/(rti.s Collin. 1949 /ii/jignriciim Soós. 19Si cínriíigei Ebejer, 1995 qirndririornrii~i(Becker. 1904) iinpiiíie/rs sp. n. creperirrii Collin. 1949 rrifiir~ Fre): 1935 ímiie/lnrri/~iCollin. 1949 fdhofnricrrrii Ebejer, 1996) serigerirrii Collin. 1949 lar(fro/is(Loeu: 1873) fisswii Collin. 1949 spriri/ínriini Ebejer. 1993 iirelirerisis Ebejer. 1993 forciporrriii sp. n. t,erecrrrirIirrii sp. n. riigrohiririrti Hendel. 1933 (.fToiirafiriii Wheeler, 1961) :diarerisis Ebejer Gc Deeming. 1997 ocirlicniidn Collin. 1949 ígrillriglieri Ebejer. 1996) piligeriuii sp. n. grisesceris sp. n. semicoiisors Czerny, 1927 mcopi/inrrrm sp. n. sericniiíia sp. n. tiigricíiiiíia sp. n. socici/ii Collin. 1949 iiigriuri sp. n. “se.riitraiiiin groiip ” ii/iicolor Hrndrl. 1933 rior~rriirri Collin, 1949 obsciirnriiiii Frey, 1915 (rildriclii Wheeler, 1961) occiíierirnlis sp. n. (nrerricolirni Wheeler 6: Sinclair, 1991) proxiriiirni sp. n. (deeriiirigi Ebejer. 1996) sciirellnris sp. n. (grilnmnrillim Wheeler gL Sinclair, 1994) “rritplnced species” soddis Collin. 1949 (i?iacnlpirii Hardy, 19S0) spiiiiLsenrris sp. n. (r7iiniiriirii Hardy, 1950) nmiiilnriirri Lynrborg, 1973 (sirbociilicniidn Frey. 1938) (rnbidn Wheeler 6: Sinclair, 1991) briitiriipes Ebejrr. 1996 rriserirrii sp. n. (sexiirrhriirri Larnb. 1914) (qiiodrivirrnriim hlalloch. 1914) yirrii Ebejer. 1996 (tliorncnle Hendel, 1913) se.v/iiienrrr)?iStrobl. 1906

The “se.n*ittcltzini group” is characterised by Abbreviations of tlie nanies of Institutions/col- having no defined acrostichals. but instead has lections where t~peand other cited material is several rows of intradorsocentral setulae; ab- cleposited sence of well-developed presutural dorsocentrals and intraalars and absence of long frontals. AShíP Academy of Sciences hluseuni. St Petersburg. Rus- sia Several species have niarkedly reduced head cxc Canadian Nritional Collsction. Ottawa. Canada bristles, including the orbitals. HCO Hope Entoniological Collections. Osford. Unitrd The “unplaced species” are those which either Kingdom hIB Dr. hI. Barták‘s collection, Pragtie. Czrch Repiiblic ha1.e not been seen or which present unique hICT Dr. M. Carlrs-Tolrrí‘s collection. Barcelona. Spain characteristics. hIJE Author‘s collection. Xlalta NHhlL Natural Histor!. \luseurn. London. United Kingdoni

NHhlW Natural Histor! híusetini. Vierina. Austria c NblW National hltiseuiii of \Vales. Cardiff, United King- Notes on tlie fi,Oures dom PG Dr. P. Gatt‘s collection. 31alta SlIO Silesiaii hltiseuiii Opa\a. Czcch Republic 71ie illiistrations were prepared without a camera Iucidn biit hISHU hIiiseiim fiir Satiirkiinde der Huniboldt-Universi- nith tlie aid of a graticule to maintain proportions ancl scnle. tXt ZLI Berliii. Gc.rniany Tlir bristles on tergites have been penerally oniittccl. Tiie cerci ZhlUH Zoological hltisetini üniversity of Helsinki. Fin- and the pliallus have been oniitted or draw onl! in outlirie land froni certain views, in order to maintain clarity of adjaceiit structures. Structures \vhich could be idrntified \vith reason- able certainty have been lnbelled accordiiip to the abhrevia- tioris piven heloiv. Because of the difficti1tic.s in establishiiiz Abbreviatioiis used in the species descriptions, anatoiiiical relationships and derivations of several structures. siicti Iabelliiig sliould be considered provisional. This is pnrti- ke? and the figures culnrl~so rrgarding the gonostyli, thr pregenital stc‘riiites 2nd tlie bacilliform sclerites. In sonie cases. the pliallus uas acrs acrostichal too aiiiorphous to allou useful dratvings to be niade. In nll bac scl bacilliforni scleritc. the fipiires. thr scale bar = 0.1 nim. bns basiphallus cer cercus cs coxa dc dorsocentral dist distiphallus ej apd ejaculatory apodeme 196 Ebejer. hl. J.. Palaearctic Aplimiro~om

.. el? e paiicl ri iiiii posthu postliiiiiieral f fcniur postsut postsutural gol1 goiiostyllis prescut przscutellar hu Iiuiiieriis. humeral presiit presutural h!P hypandriuni pvt postvertical hypopl h!.popleuron. hypopleural sa supraalar la intraalar SCUt scti tell iini ihii i iit ra h u me ral St stsrnite nisn iiiesonotiini. mesonotal Sti fifth steinite mspl iiicsopleuron. niesopleural stpl sternopleuron. sternopleural ni t ii metanot u iii sur surstyltis ntpl notopleuron. notopleural t6 skth tergite parapli paraphallic process VI \entra1 lohe of tergite Ph phallus vt \ertical pli apd phallapodenie

Kc? to tlie Painearctic Species of Aplianiosomrt

Kotes on tlie use of tliis iiey Sonie species are knoivn only froni one ses and Ivhere this is the feniale. ideiitification remains difficult. in sonie cases impossible. Howwr. siich a tason has still bsen keyed out to the appropriate couplet and written in brackets with a -?" sign precediiig it. \i,'Iiere species show niarked colour variation such that confusion may arise, th2y have heen keyed out more ttian once. Feniales of closely related species. which are particularly difficiilt to separate reliably. are grouped together. The teriii "process" is used in the keg to include surstyli, gonostyli and paraphallic projections of undetermined orisin.

1 a \\.el1 developr'd presut dc present, if bristles relatively short. then one or more presut dc are still longer than the ...... 2 short and hair like. onl! the prescut \ve11 developed...... 16 2 a ueii deveiopecl presiit ia present ...... 3 - no well de\t.loped presut ia ...... 13 3 msn unstriped. if striped. then these stripes are pale yellow to pale ,ore!: abdomen yello\v. if tergites niarked \vith

- feinales ...... 5 hind trochanter on its i - hind trochanter ní)rniaI

...... IinrreriiEbejer genital tergite aiid \vithoiit hairs apicall! (figs 65. 66)...... rirfiirri Frey 7 1-4 clc. tlis first loiiger than the nest two: S acrs. bi-istles dark...... rirfiirn Frey - 2-3 dc. 5 aci-s. bristles pale ...... linrrriii Ebejer ...... p nriilnrii~iEbejer 8 niales ...... 9 - feiii;iles ...... 12 9 hirid troclianter uith projection...... - Iiiiid trochanter \\ithout projectioii...... 10 hiiicl troclianter narro\\ aiicl \vith fin? hairs. at apes nio ......

- tc.i.-itcs 11or111;1l...... qiiricfririorririim (Beciier) 12 at hcl 01' ti.aiis\.erse hat between acrs ro\\s ...... clirrllnriinr Ebejer

13 iiiqii. ~t11arid nios1 of pletii.ii blnck ...... rnlinreiisis Ebejer & Deeiiiing - iiixi !ello\\ uitli or \\ithotit dnrk stripes. scut aiid iiiost of pleiii-a !ello\\-...... 11 11 first dc loiisei- thari secoiid. nialt. \vitli ver! larpe prc.pc.iiitiil sterriite I\ hich has a iiiidliiie '-kesl": ftniale \\¡tli tergites 4-6 ttiitcd at riiidills and tvith a pide longitudiiial linc ...... propi~iqrim~sCollin - first dc not noticeabl!, loiiger than second. al1 hristles rcmarkably loiip: prqenital sternite o€male not stroriply mod- i fid: fe iiia Ir' t r' rg i t cs norniii I ...... 15 3 ia: last tarsal segiiieiit oii al1 Iegs yellon: tergite 2 unkn - 2 ia: Iast tarsal segnieiit on al1 Isgs broun: tergites 4 and 5 niore or less equal in length (fig. SI) 16 legs iii both seses uith distinct dark bands: females usiially with dark tranwerse band on frons...... 17 - lqs conipletely yello\v. any darkening is indistinct and diffiise over middle third of hind tibia only ...... hlitt. hlus. Nat.kd. Berl.. Disch. entoniol. 2. 45 (199s) Z 197 .. m 17 Iegs with dark bands on tlie apical half of feniora and at the base and apes of tihiae: hypopysiiini. fiss 2-4 ...... - broivn hands on niid 18 frons in front of ocel - frons in front of ocel 19 occiptit. msii and scut dark grey to black: pletira estensively darkened: if scut and sniall arta in front of it yelloiv. theii this is bright. contrasting with the dark arras...... 20 - occiput. nisn and scut predoniinantly yelloiv. nisn niore or less distinctly striped: pleura estensiwly yellon...... 26 20 niales ...... 21 - feniales ...... 24 21 niín clark anteriorly but posterior third pale yellon as on sctit: orhits and -3rd antennal segnient often dark ...... 21 - species \vith dark area estending froni occiput to apes of sciit: orhits ancl 3rd antennal sepnient rarely darkensd ..... 23 22 black species. but scut and small arra in frmt of it brioht yello\v: orbits tip to anterior orbital tisually dark and bristles of whole hocly incliiding frons dark: 3rd anteiinal segment br0u.n: pregenital steriiite triangular (figs 4-3-46)...... iiigrdiirtirrn Hendel - bro\\.ii species Lvitli pale hairs and bristles: pale area in front of scut largcr: orbits and third antennal segment entirely ..... iniprrrlrris sp. n.

...... sociirrii Collin ......

25 sctit and arca of msn in front of it clear !ello\\.: mspl niostly blnck: orbits and 3rd antennal segineiit usually dark bron-n ...... - sctit and small area in front of it dusky grey: pletira u.ith niore pale arras. especinlly on mspl antennal segnient only rarely brownish ...... riieliteiisis Ehejer (dark form) 26 2 orbitals. any hairs or bristles anterior to these are much shorter and inconspictious. ... 27 - niore than 2 orbitals. or a11 orbitals short and gradualiy becoining sliorter froni back to ... 35 27 msn pale yellow. at rnost with inclistinct longitudinal pale grey stripes ...... 2s - nisn uith distinct and darker stripes. though these are rather pale in ...... 29 sickle-shapeci paraphallic process on each sids of pale pliallus ...... fnlcifenirn sp. n...... (feinale uiiknown)

29 males...... - feniales...... 30 niale \vith tergitr J stronoly sctit, (fios 37. 3s)...... s Ehejer (pale form) - niale with tergite 4 not niodifie 31 3rd antennal segment broivn: the bifid epandritini forniiiig a pair of larli_e shiii!. dark broun cup-shaped processes. easily seeii esternall!. (\¡de Ehsjer. 1995: 204. figs 4.5) ...... eiiiiii~risEbejer - 3rd antennal segnieiit yello\v: nisii ivith pnle Srey stripes: 6th tqite of normal nidth: h! popygitini clifferent (vide Frey. 193Sa: 45. fi?. 11) ...... riroricirin Fre' 32 frons clistinctly longer than hroad: about 10 dc and ahout 11 acrs \vhich reacli scut in iiiost speciniens: 5th tarsal sr'giiients dark ...... nielircrisis Ebejer (pnls form) - frons hiirclly longer than broad or clistiiictl!. hroader than long: bristlss niiich Iess ntinierous and do not reach sctit: 5th tarsni seyiients yeiio\v...... 33 33 frciiis gratltially heconiing narronrr froni Ie\-sl of ncellar triangle townrds anteiinae: -3rd aiiteiinal segnieiit browi...... erriiriwr Ebejer

- 7-6 orl>it;il.;i. al1 short: hairs and hristlss oii frons aiid gsn;i piile. alniost uliite: stripes on msn grey to hlnck oi'ieri conlltieiit anteriorly: tdrgitrs dx-k brown to black ...... 37 36 7 nrhitiils: hair-s on frons and gc'iia hrown: stripes on nisn bro\\ n. niiddle pair estendiiig (iiidistirictl!.) oiito scut: ti' rg i t es bro\vn : 3 rd aiiten ii ii I segriic n t ye i lo\\ ...... serir icorirors Czerii! ...... (iiiiilc tiiikiioivn) - 2 distinct orbitals. but often uith sliorter hristle in front: hairs on froiis and pcnn palc: stripes on nisii p~ik01' diirk brown. but alivays contltient anteriorly: pale arta of msn foriiiin- a broiid triangie \vith the base at the iiiargiii \\ ith scut and the apes at the midlins brtween the acrs: -3rd antennnl segnient dusky yello\\ to dnrk brown. .... irifpiidem sp. n. 37 6 orbitals: either lonp yello\v lamellar visible at hypopygitim froni behind or apair of shiny brolvn patches on sides of 6th terpite; fine hairs on frons and abdonien not particularly dense (on frons about 8-12 hairs). ... - 5 orbitals; no long yello\v processes: if shiny patclies visible on tergire 6. these a 38 hypopygiunr with long vertical yellow laniellae (vide Collin, 1949: 13s. fig. 7) ...... iniiieiiaruni Collin- - h!,poppgiuni uith pair of dark shiny spots on 6th térgite (vide Collin. 1949: 1.36. fig. 5)...... ocirlicriiirki Collin 19s Ebcier. hl. J.. Palnearctic Ar>limiiosorrrn

11 de. 10 acrs and a short presut ia hair; central dark stripes reach orily to base of tving: al1 tergites Cleqi hlack in anterior t\vo thirds and covered iri dense fin? microscopic pile: posterior third of tergites contrasting pale tvhitish yello\v over one third tergal length: goiiostylus sniall: distiphallus ver! large and black. often estruded (figs 56-61) ...... piligerirni sp. n. S dc and 7 acrs: no short presut ¡a: central strip horizontal broad yellow gonostylus. distiphallus short and pale (figs 71. 71) ...... seticcitrdn sp. n. occiput. msn and scut predoniiiiantly dark: sonietimts scut and'or area in front of it yello\v: hind cosa usually dark at brise ...... 41 predomiiiantly yellow species: msn iisuall!. \vith stripes: occiput yellon. if darkened. then tvith a broad pale border behind eye marpin: scut alivays ckar yellmv: hind coxa yello\v...... 67 niales ...... 41 females ...... 5S nisn entirely dark grey to black escept for dusky yellov posterior calli: scut pale yellonkh tvhite. contraitiiig uith nisn: lateral margin of scut dark brown (figs 6s-70) ...... scrrrellcrris sp. n. Insn more estensively pale posteriorly. generally coiicolorous \vith scut: if msn unifornily dark. then scut riever clear yellow or contrasting...... 43 deep black species. at niost some o sidc. dark on apical marsin...... 44 grey species. but even if black. several parts of pleiira and most of sutiires niarked \vith yellow: scut oft?n paler greyish brown or even tinged more yello\vish tlian nisn. as can be a variable area of msn in front of scut: tergite 5 on sidz yellow at least on margin...... tergite 5 aboiit 1.5 times Iength of tergite 4. entirely black: 2 ¡a: and dark phallic structiires (figs 47-49) ...... tergite 5 not longer than tergite 4. black \vith narrow yello\v hind ma 1 ihu present: 5 ia: O dc (7 ver! short): hypopygiiim ivith 2 pale processes and phallic striictures also pale (figs 51-55) ...... occirlentulis sp. n. (feniale unknown) inconspicuous ia: 9 dc (5 very short): hypopygiiim \vith 2 dark processes and pale phallic structures (figs 41, ...... riigricniicicr sp. n. ne third. usually sharply demarcated from anterior darker part. but there may he a grey edge adjacent to sciit at middle tvhich is sometimes joined to anterior dark part of msn by a narrow. grey. central he; scut !ello\\- ...... 41 msn either iiniformly grey or only gradually or indistinctly bscoming paler posteriorly: scut never clear yello\v 49 5th ,popygiiim with one 61- ...... proxiniirni sp. n. 5th igiiim aithoiit hlack processes: basiphallus pointed...... 48 hypopygium \vithout a difterentiated goiiostyltis: phallic structures large and black tvith distiphallus bilobed (i'igs 31-33) ...... grisescerissp. n. hypopygium tvitli a distiiictivr. pale. c not hilobed (figs 28-30) ...... forcipnfiini sp. n. hypopygium \vith 1 pair of dark proces ...... 50 hypopygiuni with 2 pairs of clark processes ...... 52 hypopygiuiii Lvithoiit lorig dark processes ...... 51 hypopygiiini \vith 1 pair of short. clark (fips 5-10) ...... bcrrrciki sp. n. pleura niairily ycllo\v: largr. poorly pigmentecl phallic coinplzs: distiph ,o bilobed: abdominal bristles and hairs pale. (fips 5-7)...... npprosiriinfirrn Becker pleiira dark. only sutiires marked \vith yelloiv: phallic striictures lar inted apicall!, aiid short bilohecl: abdominal bristles and hairs broivn. (figs -31 -33 ...... grisesceris sp. n. tersite 6 at veiitral posterior coriier oii ench side \vith 3 pale. broad bristles: distiphallus unpigmented. alniost niein- branoiis. with 2 loiig iiarroiv pointed lobes (figs 76-79) ...... rrisefrrrir sp. n. iergite 6 nithout untisual bristlc's \witrally: distipliallus large and heavil!. pigniented...... C. .. 53 3rd aiiteriiial sepnieiit broun: nisri Lvith a siiiall !ello\\ ish spot adjacent to each hindrnost de: apcs nf distiphallus sharply poiiitrd (fip 11-15) ...... bicoririnfirni sp. n. 3rd antt'iiiiril segmeiit yelloiv: nisi1 tvitho is is niore dit'ttise aiid not \\el1 deniarcated...... 51 distipliallus not bilobed: prepeiiital sterri e central projcctiori s like arid curved (figs 74. 75) ...... spiiii1,mfris sp. n. clistiphallus bilohscl: prqenital siemite iiiodified ...... 33-- Ienpth of lobes of clistiphallus 1.5 times uidth arid lobes divergirip apicall!.: tei-gite 6 at the lo\vsr ni;irgiii t\\isted rourid its vertical asis nhen viewed froni the side (fips 71 arid 50) ...... 56 It'riptli of lobes aboiit as Ion9 as high. lobes not di\erpiiig: inferior hordsr oi' tergite 6 not tivisted along its \ertical axis 57 riispl iiiostl! dark: posterior iiirirgin of ahdoriiirial tergites: narrmvly yellou oii al1 sepnients ripht tip to apcx of abdonien: nispl niostly niai-ked with black: posterc7-ventral apes of hasiphallus poiiited (figs 21-22) ...... creperiirir Collin nispl niorc' yello\v: !.ellou. hiiid iiiargiri of ahcloniinnl terpites incrt'ases noticeably iii \vidth to\vards aps oi' abc1oriii.n. al apes of hasiphallus bifid (fips 50. 51 an ...... ohscirrarrrrir Frey

~ n uith narro\\ pale lobe esteriding dowiiw lar: aprs of basiphallus. vie\ved from side appears blunt or notched dorsally: surstylus narrow at base and ciirvrd only at extreme apes (figs 16. 17)...... clcirirlgeiEbejer terpite 6 froin iniier aspect o ver margin \vith broad flange of same nidth as tergite; pregenital sternite rilmost rourid: apes of basiphallus pointed: surstylus broad at base and in apical half. markedly twisted (figs 39. 40) ...... riecoprnntrrni sp. n.

.. Xlitt. Rítis. Nat.kd. Berl.. Dthcli. eiitoniol. Z. 45 (IY9S) 2 199 .. . siiiall black species: 3rd anteniial segnient brown: pleiira estensively darkened: abdoniinal tergites black on sides. if narrouly yelion then this is not \vider than at iiiiddle of tergites dorsally: not niore than 3 very short ¡a...... 59 grey to yellouish grey species: scut often paler than nisn: pleura \vith at least sutiires ninrked tvith yello\v: 3rd antennal segment iisually yellow: 3 or more ia...... 60 froiis longer than broad. bright yellow: pleura alniost totally black: ahdoniinal tsrgites with very narrow pale hind margins: 3 niinute ia: 9 dc (S ver? short) ...... riigricairrlri sp. n. frons broadzr than long. variably broivnish sometimes esterisiwly so: plsura \vith yello\v siitures: abdominal tergites al1 black: 2 ¡a. rarely 3: 6 dc (5 \er!. short) ...... nigrirm sp. n. frons and 3rd antennal segment yellon: nisn yellon in front of scut and along ia line: anterior spiracle as \\el1 as a narrow marsin on adjacent sclerites !ello\\ ... .. 61 froiis aiid 3rd aiitennal ssgment sonistinies dark: ia and anterior spiracls on dark gro 62 abdominal tergites pale oii apical half: apical segn ts withotit broader spot at niiddl ...... prosiniirrti sp. n...... ( '? forcipntirm . f ein ale u iiknown) abdoniinal tergites yellow on apical third or Iess: tergites 6-S dorsally at middle with sniall peilow spot: gonopore dark...... rrirrrirni sp. n. 3rd antennnl seement. froiis and sides of apical three to four abdominal tergites yellow ...... npproxirnrrrrrrri Becker at izast one of the ahove darkened...... 63 3rd antennal segnient brotvn: frons \vith distinct bro\c.n transverse band in tuo thirds of specimens: tergites 5-7

.. ot it ...... ohscirrtrtirrn Frev generally more than one third of mspl dark: scut only barely lighter grey or brownish compared to area of msn in

......

...... 65

hypopygiiini. vith several black processes easily visible (vide Ebsjer. 1996: 293. figs 13. 14) ...... ~irtiiEhejer hypopygiiini different ...... 69 2 orbitals: hypopygium with yellow processes (vide Collin. 1949: 140. fig 10) ...... sockrlis Collin

oiilv.. 1 pair of lonoer- bristles on frons an tergitzs bronn: hypopygiiini \vith sriiall and riarron !,ello\\ processes (vide Collin. 19-19: 139. fig. 9) ...... fissiriri Collin tergites yello\v: hypopygitini \vith very large yellotv processes (figs 3;. 24) ...... rgregiiriri si>.11. 71 4 orbitals: occiput. mesonotal stripes 2nd ahdonien dark (vide Collin. 1949: 141. fig. il)...... tiorririini Coliin - 5 orbitals: occiptit yello\v: mesonotal stripes and tersites pals (\¡de Ebejsr. 1995: 104. fis.1)...... brrvivirrarirrn Ebejer

Aplianiosomri Becker original series. There are 9 dc, 4 ver'. Short ia and 5 acrs on each side. These last are only nar- rotvl!. separated frorn each other. The gre!. nisn sh0n.s a hint of stripes posteriorly and the scut is !,ellottkli but not contrasting \vith the nisn in

Apli aii iosoin ci approsim ci tiiiii B e cke r, 1903 front of it. The feniale has a brotvnisli third an- Fiss 5-7 tenrial segment and a darkened crescent across tlie frons. The male poctabdonien (fiz. -7) sho\vs ~~~~/1~7//;~~.~~)///'f~~~~J~~~.i;///'~ff//t/ Becker. 190.3. h!itt~¡liiiigsii aiis dsiii Zoolosischen kiussiim in Berlin. 2(3): 1%. Type locul- thnt the structiire jvhich Collin labelled in his ity: Egypt. Cairo. Liiuor. T!pes in híSIiU. esaniirird. diagrarn as "penis" is in fact tiie apss of the ha si pha Ilus. t he cl is t i p hall lis being foldecl ante - Collin (1949) exaniined the type of this species rio r l!,. and illustrated the hypopygium iiz siril. However. since several species could fit this appearance. it D i s t r i b u t i o n : Ezypt, Saudi Arabia. Onian. became essential to re-examine and dissect this Records froni Southern Europe need confiima- specinien. The type material esamined for this tion in view of the several new species now re- article consi.sts of a male and feniale on one cognised which have a similar externa1 morphol- niount, labelled "Kairo, xi, 44300", from Becker's 0gy. 1

ph apd ej apd

bas dist , \

Figs 1-4. Aphnriiosoiiin nwiii/miui Lyneborg. male. 1. lateral view of abdominal tergites. 2. lateral vie\v of hypopygiuni. 3, anterodorsal viw of phallapodenie. 4. pregmital sternites

Aphniiiosoriin arinulntirni Lyneborg, 1973 Figs 1-4

A/hiiiioso/iio niiiritl~irwir Lyeborg. 1973. Steenstrupia. 3(5): 53. Type locality: Spairi. Granada. Typo (feniale) iii CNC. not esaniined. hl a te r i a 1 esa ni i n e d. TUNISIA. 2 ;. Sousse. Sicli Boti Al¡. saltniarsh. 9. v. 1992. hi. J. Ehejrr. hIJE: 1 5. sanir data. Aphnniosoma arrrbicirni E bejer, 1996 h'\í\\': 1 <. Tiinis. Pont de Bizcrtr. niarsh. 17. \'. 1995. Xí. J. 1 Ehejei-. híJE: 1. Ttiiiis. Sr.bkhet El Riaiia. dunes near dry ~l/~/i[rii~~~s/~iii[/nrlihicrriri Eht.jeI. 1996. Faiiiia of Saiitli Arahia. saltlaks. 17. \.. 1992. hí. J. Ehejer. hlJE. 15: ZS6. Typt. localit!: Oiiinn: \\'adi Al hlu'a!-clin. Tye iri Lyneborg based his description of this unusual Nl l\\.. species on a single feniale. "he rnale, though si- Kno\vn only from the holotype. Wheii this spe- niilar. differs in the folloiving featiires: head cies \vas described. the hypopygiuni of q7pro.i-i- longer than high. coniplstel!? yello\~ with no iimfiiiii as illustrated by Collin (loc. cit.) totally trace of darkeiiinz on frons. eye \'ery elongate, obscured the phallic comples. A coniparison of horizontal. gena 1'ei.y narro\{': tergites nith an the esternal niorpholog!. of these tivo species angular estension at their antero-ventral corners s1ion.s that they are similar aiid fall within ac- (fig. 1). Postabdonien as in fig. 2. cepted degrees of variation of one or the other. The distiphallus is also very similar, though less Le n g t h : niale 0.9 rnm, feniale 1.0 mm. sinuous and shorter in npprosiiiinturn. The main D is t ri bu t i o n: Spain, Tunisia. difference is in the surstyli, where in appmvirmi- Llitt. hltis. Nat.kc1. Uerl.. Dtscli. eiilnniol. Z. 45 (199s) 2 201

miiz these are free. long and broad based. \\.hereas iii rrirrbicum they are in the forni of a ridge in apposition to the epandriuni. Fiirther speciniens of nrrrbicunz niay re\.eal that it is the same tason as rr/~p/.o.~i/}ifrfii/ii,but for the time being ir is best to treat theni as separate species.

D is t ri b u t i o n: Oman. Ph

Aphciniosomri ri,-oricum Fre!; 1958

Ap/rniiiom/iicr rrroricrriii Fre!.. 195s. Societas Scieiitiaruni Fen- iiica: Coniinentationss Biolopicae. 17(4): 46. T!pc locality: hY P Azores. Typrs in hlZUH. esaniinecl. 11ate r i al e xa ni i n e d. Azores: 1 1. Tsrceira. Llonie Brazil. 29. 1'.-2. VI. Frey. spscimen iiiiniber 282. hltis. Zool. Mslsin- ki h':o I3Y92. Frsy det.: 1 1. Flores. Sta Cruz. 1-15, VI. Stoi-a. specimsn nuniber 1019: 1 1. Flores. Sta Cruz. 16--30. VI. Stora. specinien nunibsi. 3076. Frey. clst.: 1 < and 4 1. San Jorge. Calhsta. 22-2s. VI. Frey. specinien nunibers: 377 (labels separate froni tube \vith specinien inside. da- niaged). 373 (dissectzd by Frey). 370 (holotypiis. abdomen bacscl1 ,cer niissing). 367. 371: 1 1. Fayal. Ribeiras div.. 1. L'II. Frsy. speciinen niiniber 45: 6 2. S. hligiisl. Furnas. 23. \'iI. 1. \'lIl. Fi-sy: specimen ntinibzrs: 1354. 51 1 (dissected by Frey). 1250. f6 1514. 1270 (paratypus). 1261 (paratypus). The holotype has the abdomen missing. 1 can only presume it is a rnale and that it is the same specirnen as illustrated by Frey (195s). The only other sur rnale in the series (specinien nuniber 1277, from 10 S. Miguel) is not the sanie species as illustrated by Frey although it carries a label: azor¿cimi (see below). Furthermore. in his paper he lists S specimens froni San Miguel. but 1 found only 7. Ph and from San Jorge he lists 3 sp+5inens, but 1 found 5. Figs S- 10. Aphcoriosoiiici hirrroki. sp. n.. holotype. niale. S lateral visu of hpopygitini. 9. prepmital sternite. 10. posterior A. q:oriciriii is a yellon. species ivith only \,¡e\\ of hypop!gitiiii so ni e fe males greyisli !.el low o11 t he me sono t um \vith the stripes rather indistinct and pale. The head. including the occiput. is completely yellow. but the ocelli are ringed with black and the frons tennal segnient and a dark transverse band slightl!. gre!ish escept for a sharpl!. demarcated across frons. It belonzs to the group with a pair border along thc e!'es aiicl ocellar triangle. t\vo of longer bristles in front of ocellar triangle. ~eIicle\~eloped orbitals \\.ith a sliortrr one ante- Male rior to these: pleura yellon.: chaetotas!, \.ariable: 2 - 3 to -3 - 4 dc. 6 to S acrs. closer together than Hea d : yellow. longer than high, frons longer to dc. O + 3 to 1 T 3 ¡a: tergites n,itli pale bron.n than broad and narron.ing niarkedly at leve1 of bands of \xriahle estent. antennae: ocellar triangle black. occiput black except for narro\\ postocular niargin: pena !.el- Di s t r i bu ti o n : Kn0n.n oiil!. froni tlie original Ion, and pale haired. \'erJ. narro\\; only 0.2 times series collectecl on sei.eraI of tlie islaiids in the tlie length of niininium dianieter of eye. Lvhich is Azores. oval and alniost \.ertical: mouth parts yellow \\>itha pair of black spots at the anterior niargin of oral ca\ity: antenna yellou, and arista brown Aph cin iosoni ri brirtriki, s p. n. except for white basa1 segnient; 2 orbitals and 3 Figs S-10 short hairs in front; frons with a pair of long A grey species with no distinguishing externa1 bristles in front of ocellar triangle apart from features; the feinale often has a brown third an- about S scattered short hairs. 202 Ehejer. hl. J. Palaearctic Apliriiiiosoriia . .. Thorax: nisn dark grey and scut dark brownish kand - 2 kni E. pastiirc. 39’39’ Ti 67‘01’ E. 22. \.. 1959. M. Barták, ShlO; 1 1. Ukrainr. Cernoniorskij. zapovednik. grejr ivith a small yellow spot at apes: hu and 1. vi. 1990. Zrazhevsky. SlIO. notopl yelloic; postalar callus dusky yellowish: chaetotasy: 1 hu. no posthu. 2 notopl, 2 + 5 dc D i s t r i bu t i o n : Ukraine, Uzbekistan. very short and pale except the hindmost dc \vhicli is nornially developed, 9 acrs in ttvo r0u.s Aphciniosomci bicciriircitum, sp. n. closer each other than either is dc rou.. to to Figs 11-15 3 + 4 ia. but al1 ver! short: mtn black: pleura niarked more Lvith dark grey than uith yellon.: A grey species \vith tno pairs of long frontal propl. anterior border of mspl. lower one third bristles and brown third antennal segment: meso- of mspl, lower three fourths of stpl black, ptpl notuni and scutellum dark grey escept for a yellow with a narrow vertical black line below sniall pair of pale spots just anterior to scutel- \ving base. hypopl bordered in yellow; 1 nispl at lum. upper third of posterior border and 1 stpl at iipper posterior corner. Male Wi n g : veins pale bromm, distance between Hea d : yellow, frons longer than broad. at level crossveins 1.1 times the length of posterior cross- of antennae 0.6 times the width of that at level vein; Rz+3 and R4L5 hardly converge towards of anterior ocellus; ocellar triangle black, occiput apex, distance between them on costa 0.4 times black, but a narrow yellow postocular niargin; that between R4+s and the latter veins (R gena yellon. jvith long pale hairs and at leve1 of and M) diverge markedly towards apex; apical anterior eye margin 0.3 times the height of max- section of Cu 3.0 times the length of posterior iniuni vertical diameter of eye, which is oblique crossvein. Haltere pale yellowish white. and itself narro\ved anteriorly; 3rd antennal segnient and arista conipletely brown; 5 orbitals, the Legs : entirely yellow and yellow haired, only anterior 3 short: frons with 6 pale hairs, one pair last tarsal seginent brownish; hind trochanter of which is long and proclinate in front of ocellar normal. triangle; niouth parts yellow, cavity with two A b d o ni e n : dark brownish grey on tergites dark spots aiiteriorly. n.ith pale posterior rnargiiis of variable width: T h o r a s : nisn dark grey and heavily greyish tergite very narrow. 6 bronn dusted: 2 small dull yellon.ish patches in Po s t a b d o ni e n : yellow nithout distinguishing front of scut and adjacent to hindiiiost dc; scut featiires ivhen esaniined ir? siLii, but sniall pale gieyish broivn (in some paratypes. especially fe- projections can be seen directed downwards. males. scut and area of msn just behirid supra- Phallic structures small and hardly pigniented. alars more yellotvish): nitn black: hu and notopl yellolv: pleura dark but siitures and top edge of Female: very similar to Inale: antenna with stpl yello\v: chaetotasy: 3 + 4 dc. only last well third segment variable froni dusky yellow to de\.eloped. 7 acrs in 2 irregular ro\vs separated broLvn: frons nith a distinct transverse band in from each other by about same distance separat- niost specimens. variable froni pale brown to ing them from dc. 0 + 3 ia. 1 hu. 2 notopl. 1 nispl black and tending to beconie broadest at eye nitli 2 short pale hairs belon, 3 stpl arianged margins rather than at middle. as is the case in horizontally just below yellon upper niargin. and most other species \\,hich eshibit such bands: 8th 2 more short bristles vertically belo\\ anterior tergite Lvith a pair of siiiall shiny patches; gono- one of these. pore sclerotised ancl pigniented \\’i 11 g : veins bro\vn. distance behveen cross\.eiris Le n g t h : male 1 nini. feniale 1.2 nini. 1.5 times the leiigth of posterior cross\ eiii: RI-3 E t !.nioIogy. Kamed after Dr. h,l. Barták n.ho and RJL5 comerge to\vards apes. distance be- collected this species. tneeii theni on costa 0.4 times that betneen R4+s and hl,-?. apical section of Cu 2.5 times the hI a te r i a I es a ni i n e d. Holotype: <. Uzbekistancl: Chinaz. along Syrdarya. 40’53’ N ÓS’43’ E. 20. v. l9S9, hl. Bartgk. length of posterior crossvein. Haltere pale yel- SSIO. Paratypes: 1 < and 1 1. sanir data as holotype. SMO: lonish jvhite. 2 <. same data as holotype. hlB: 1 3’ and 1 2. Zeravshan res. deciduous wood. 39’3s‘ N 67’0s‘ E, 24. v. 19S9, bl. Barták. Leg s : yellow and yellow haired, but niid coxa Shl0; 1- F. sanie data, MB; 1 5 and 1 S, Saniarkand, along river Zeravshan, 39’3s’ N 67’0-1’ E. 22. V. 19S9. M. Barták. on basal 5th and hind coxa on basal half dark; hIJE: 2 1 same data. S.MO; 2 C. sanie data. MB; 2 2, Samar- fifth tarsal segnients brown: hind tibia diffusely hlitt. hliis. Nat.kd. Berl.. Dtsch. entomol. Z. 43 (199s) 2 203 . .. 13

15 Figs 11 - 15, Ayhniziosoim bi- cnriiiariiiii, sp. n.. holotype. niale. 11, lateral view of hypo- pyzium. 12. same. posterior vieu. 13, cerci. posterior view. 14. ventral view of pregenital. bac scl bas sternite. 15, same. lateral view

c darkened o\.er niiddle third: hind trochanter nor- M a te r i a 1 e s a mi n e d. Holotype: 3, Tunesia, mal. Sousse. Sidi Bou Ali. saltmarsh. 9. v. 1995. M. J. Ebejer. NhlW. A b d o ni e n : black bvith narrow, pale, posterior niargins. n,hich on the sides of tergites 3-4 be- Paratypes: 11 3 and 8 L, sanie data as holo- come a little broader; tergites 4-5 nith long type: 2 3 and 2 2. same data. NHML; 1 3 and m a rg i 11a 1 br i s t le s especia 11 y a t s ide s : h ypo p y g i iim 2 5. same data. MJE. broivn: cerci !.ello\\, \vith long hairs at apes: preg- D is t r i b it t ion: Tunisia. enital sternite ~vitha distincti\.e pair of "keel- shaped" projections. Aplraiiiosomn brecivittatrrm Ebejer, 1995 Female: ver? similar to male except for secondary sesual characters: tergites 5-7 also with Apliniiiosoiiin brevi~irrnfiim Ebejer. 1995. Entoniologists long bristles. hlonthly hlagazine, 131: 200. Type locality: Greece. Pelopo- nessos. T>pes iii Nhlb'. Length: male 1.1 mm, female 1.2 mni. The marsh at Dalyan Istuzu where the Turkish Etymology. The pregenital sternite is shaped material was collected, though coastal, was not

like two (Latin: bi) keels (Latin: carina, -ae). saline. The series \vas taken by sweeping a stand ~ 70-1 Ebejer. SI. J.. Palaearctic Aplinriiosonia .. of Toitiniiv and adjacent Pliingtiiires. The series , I 16 from Gokova \vas froni similar vegetation about 25 metres from the shore. Additional material esaniined. Turkey. 4 5. h1u;la. Dalyan Istuzti niarsli. 14. vi¡. 1997. XI. J. Ebsjer. hlJE: 2 5. Slugla. Gokova Bay. 15. \ii. 1997. 11. J. Ebejrr. hIJE. Di s t r i b u ti o n : Greece and Tiirke!,.

Apli (iii iosorii ri brirri ii ip es Ebeje r, 199 6

Aphiiiosoifia brwiiiipe5 Ebejer. 1996. Faiina of Saudi Ara- st hia. 15: 2S7. 7)pe locality: Onian. hluscat. Types in KhIW \ VI sur Known only from the type material and one feniale specimen froni the original series which came to light after piiblication. Additional material esamined. Oniari: 1 1. Muscat, Azaiba niarsh. 9. ii. 19S9, hl. J. Ebejer. hlJE.

Di s t r i b ii t ion: Onian. 17 Aphcliiiosoiirn clarklgei Ebejer, 1995 Figs 16-17

Apliaiiiosoiiin claridgei Ebejer. 1993. Entoniologists hlonthly hlasazine. 131: 301. Type locality: Greece, Peloponessos. ,.. Types in NSl\\'.

This species, recently described froni Greece Figs 16-17. Aphniiiosoriin clnridgei Ebejer, male. 16. lateral (Ebejer 1995). is now knoivn to be widespread view of hypopygiuni. 17. pregenital sternite aroun d t he hle d i te rra 11e a n . 1t mos t resem bles cwpcu [iI I Col 1i n . o bsci 1 mtr 117 1 Fre !, a iid i i ecopit 1n- írm sp. n.. froni \vhich it differs primarily in the the abdomen. Aboiit 10% of females have the niale postabdomen (see note under ct~pei.riin). third antennal segment darkened. There is al- The exaniination of a large nuniber of specimens ~vaysa pair of distinct bristles in front of the has allowed additional inforniation to be ob- ocellar triangle. It is important to note that the tained on the degree of variation. In spite of the proportions given above refer to the species as a great siniilarit!. betweeri these four species and wtiole. Populations and even generations within the niarked variation bvithin clnridgei there are a population are sometinies encountered where, features in the male postabdomen n-hich allow for esaniple. most speciniens exhibit the stripes for the separation of tlie these tasa. o11 the posterior part of the msn or kvhere a high Tlie coniinon forni of clat.idgci is dark grey proportion have dark tibiae. \vi t h t h e scii t e 1I u ni d 11I I "e 1I o\vish grey contras t - Additiorial material esaniined. France. 3 < and 21, ing nith the nisn \\.hen \.ien,ed from in front. The Port-La-h'oiivells. seashore. 41-01' h' 03'04' E. -3. vi¡. 1990. hl. Bartiík. hlB: Ttinssia. 71) < iind 15 1. Ras Jebel. Gtiar El pleura are estensi\.ely grey. but niost sutures and hlelh. saliniarsti. 17. v. 1995: hl. J. Ehejer. hlJE: 3 3. same up to half of the mspl can be yello\v. About 20% data. XXl\\.: 3 < and 3 =. siiiiic data. PG: 7 < and 2 1. sanie of feniales tia\.e a diffuse ci-escentic darkening data. KHSíL: 6 <. So~isse.Sidi Boii Al¡. saltniarsh. 9. v. 1995. hI. J. Ebsjsr. hlJE: 1 5. Tabarkii. Airi Snbah. diiries. across the niiddls of the froiis. In about 5% of 16. v. 1995. SI. J. Ebejer. hlJE: 4 < arid 9 i. Bizrrte. hlenzel specimens of both sexes iiidistinct stripes appear Botirgibii. siiltniarsh. 17. \'. 190.7. XI. J. Ebejer. IIJE: 4 3 arid iii tht. posterior tliircl of the nisn. more visible in 3 1. Tiiiiis. Sebkhet El Riam. sciliriiarsh. 17. \. 1995. hI. J. specimens preserised in alcohol. The pale areas Ebsjsr. hlJE: hlalta. iinliiiiited riiiitsrial. niale.; and feniales. hlJE: Tiirkey. 6 5. hlugla. Dalyaii Isttizii niarsh. 14. vi¡. 1997. run along the dc and ia lines. About 15% of spe- hí. J. Ebejer. hIJE: 2 5' aiid 3 i. hliipla. Gokova Bay. cimens have a diffuse darkening over the middle 15. vi¡. 19Y7. hl. J. Ebejer, hlJE: 2 <. Izniir. Kariiburuii. Kar- third of the hind tibia. The bristles are pale apinar. 11. vi¡. 1997. J. C. Deeniing. NSlii'. hrown beconiing darker on and adjacent to the D i s t r i b u ti o n : France, Greece, Mallorca, Mal- scutellum and in the female towards the apex of ta, Tiinisia and Turkey. Alitt. hliis. h"nt.kcl. Berl.. Dtsch. entoiiiol. Z. 45 (199s) 2 20.7 .. . Aphaiziosonici clitellrrtiini Ebejer, 1993 \vas described as having a "posterior surface with a tooth-shaped. lamellate process . . . and on Aplimiiosoiiin ch~e//mimEbejer. 1993. Entomologists iCIonthl> the anterior surface ... a cylindrical finger- hlagazine. 129: 126. T!pe localit!: hlalta. T!pes in h'hfL\'. shaped process. which is covered with hairs . . .'*. Further unlimited material has been collected by 1 have no\v been able to examine the type and the author from Malta. This species has been paratype. Both have a ivell developed presut ia found both inland as well as on the coast, in dry and the narrou process on the anterior surface is and in wet habitats, saline as \!,el1 as freshwater. in fact ths pointed apex of the coxa bearing the Inland it has been found in maquis habitats. usual hairs. Ths trochanter is as illustrated in \\,hereas on the coast there \vas less Isegetation. Ebejer (1993) for frocl2anfer.trriir?z.A critica1 ex- h'o records outside Malta are known. ainination of the postabdomen and the hind trochanters of further material from Malta and Distribution: Malta Tiinisia and direct coniparison with the type and dissected paratype confirnis that trochntifernfiit~~ is the same species as collirii. The additional ma- Aphnniosom ri colliri i LTneborg, 1973 terial exaniined also indicates that there is a Fig. 1s marked isariation in the colour of the mesonotal Aphniiiosorm colliiii. Lyneborp 1973. Steenstrupia. 3(5): 53. stripes; sonie speciniens having no stripes at all. Type locality: Spain, Granada. Type iri hlNHU. esamined. Aphniiiosouin wocliniiiernmiii Ebejer 1993, Entomologists The pregenital sternite with (possibly) the fused hlonthly Magazine 129: 129. gonostyli is iliustrated in fig. 18. This species. described from southerii Spain, was said to have no presut ia and the hind trochanter 21 sur

19 l / x 20

bas ' Fig. 1s. Aplin~iiosoiiincolliiii Lyneborg. malr: pregenital sternites and gonostyli Fips 21 -22. Ap\miiom/iin crcperii/ji Collin. holotype. 2 1, lat- Figs 19-20. Apliniiiosoiiin /rnck~?iniiiLyneboi-g. paratype. eral vieu of hypopygiuiii (draivn as niotinted. i.e.. apes of male. 19, lateral-vieu. of left hind trochanter. 20. lateral view abdomen to the Isft). 27, posterior view o€ phallus ("diver- . of Ieft surstylus gent winps" shotvn stippled) 206 Ebsjer. hl. J.. Palaearctic Apliri/iioso/iia .. Additional material examined. hlalta. 1 5,hlgiebah. Thorax: msn pale yellow with dense golden 26. v, 1993. hl. J. Ehejer: 3 < and 2 E. Ranila. 11. vi. 1994. J. yellow pollinositp and 4 black stripes: the central \i’,Isniay: Tunssia. 1 5 and 1 I.Sousse. Sidi Bou Al¡. saltmarsh. 9. v. 1995. hl. J. Ebsjer: 2 L. Jendouba. Oued hlelle- pair 01-11! narroivly separated and extending as gue. 11. v. 1993. hl. J. Ebejer: 12 ;2nd 5 >. Bizerte. h,Ienzel far as tving base. lateral to these lies a stripe be- Bourgiba. 16. v. 1995. hí. J. Ehejer: 1 5 and 5 L. Tunis. Pont tn’een the dc and ia rows. no stripe lateral to the de Bizerte. 17. v. 1995: 10 5 2nd 7 L. Tunis. Sehkhst El Riana, 17. v. 1995. hl. J. Ebejer: in ?ibli\..KHlIL. PG and LIJE coll. ia rotv: scut yellow and mtn black: chaetotaxy: 3 + 5 dc. al1 escept the prescut short, 5 acrs in 2 D i s t r i bu ti o n : Spain. Tunisia. Crete. regular rons not reaching hindmost dc. 1 hu, 1 ihu, 2 posthu, 3 ia and 2 notopl; pleura pale yel- Aphnniosonrri creperiritr Coliin, 1949 low, only stpl faintly darkened broumish on Ion.- Figs 2 1-22 er half: 1 mspl at upper third o€ posterior margin with 4 short white hairs below it in a vertical Aphnriiosoma creperiini. Collin 1949. Annals and Magazine of Katural History. 12(2): 134. Type localit): Eg’pt, Siwa. line; 1 pale stpl at the upper posterior corner Lake iíaroun. Tspe in NHML. examined and a \-ertical row of 4 short white hairs d0n.n Collin (1949) first drew atterition to the curious Iniddle of stpl. development of the phallus in this species. It is Wi n g : veins yellowv, dark only along longitudi- now knonn that several species have the disti- nal veins apically: distance between crossveins phallus as what he had described: “ending in 0.8 times the length of posterior crossvein; Rz+; long divergent wings”. An examination of the type revealed that the distiphallus is broken off but embedded obliquely in the same mount. Of 5\ 23 the surstyli and gonostyli (= long processes) only the surstyli are visible. These and tergite 6 are very similar, though not identical, to those in clarirlgei and obsciiratiitiz. The distiphallus itself is quite different from that of clnrirlgci, but very similar to that in obscirimrin. In clarirlgei the “divergent wings” are absent. The shape of the pregenital sternite o€ cr-eperirriz is not known. Di s t r i b u t i on: Egypt. Onian.

Aphciiriosoitin egregiiim, sp. n. .Figs 23-24 An extensively yellow species with dark mesonotal stripes obscured by dense golden yellow dusting: abdomen largely yellow, hypopygium with a cer / .- distinctive large yellow surstylus on each side of the large black phallic coniplss.

Male

Hea d : peliou. frons rather niore proniiiient above the antennae than is LISU~I in the genus. and broader than long. at leve1 of antennae 0.5 times the lvidth of that at anterior ocellus: ocel- ],ir triangle and occiput yellokv: niouthparts, antenna and basa1 half of arista yello\v: gena alniost Ivhite and broad. at anterior eye niargin 0.73 times the height of vertical dianieter of eye, which is oval, barely narrowed anteriorly and 1 ph \ sparsely haired; 4 orbitals; frons with 2 pairs of sur paraph long. bristles, that neai’er the ocellar triangle as Fizs 23-24. Aplioriiosonio egregiirwi, sp. n.. holot>:pe. male. long as the hindmost orbital. 23, lateral view of hypopygiuni. 24, sanie, posterior view. hlitt. hlus. Knt.kcl. Berl.. Dtsch. eiitoiiiol. Z. 45 (199s) 2 207 .. and R4+5converge to\\ ards apex, distance be- shiny-brown "processes". now recognised to be a tneen theni on costa 0.7 tinies that betneen RqL5 modified bifid epandriuni. A ciosely related spe- and M1+?: apicai section of Cu 2.2 times the cies, inzpudeiis sp. n., froni Turkey is described length of posterior crossvein. Haltere pale below. yeiionish iviiite. D is t r i b u t ion: Greece. Le gs: entirely yellou and yellon haired: hind cosa lvith rectangular apical margin co\ ered with dense golden 1 elvety tonientum; hind trochanter Aphariiosoma falcifenim, sp. n. normal. Figs 25-27 Abdomen: entirely j.ellon; but tergites 1, 2 An almost unifornily pale yellow species, apart and 4 appearing darker because of the black mtn from a spot on the hypopleuron and pale brown- in the case of the first 2 and the large black hy- ish bands on anterior abdominal tergites. Al1 popygium in the case of tergite 4; hairs on ali frontal hairs of equal length; hypopygiuni with tergites pale and on tergite 5-6 sparse. very distinctive large. black, sickle-shaped para- phailic processes. Post a b d o ni e n : large and very black aedeagus Male and paraphallic structures. lateral to these are a pair of large spatulate yellow processes broaden- He a d : completely ydiow. about as long as high, ing at their apes and concave posterioriy, in which only ocelli ringed with biack; frons longer than spoon-shaped concavity are several short black broad, at level of antenna 0.5 tinies the width of bristles; adjacent to cerci. and forniing part of that at level of anterior ocellus; 6 pairs of base of each yellow process, is a small blunt pro- equally short pale frontal hairs; 2 orbitals; gena jection froni which originates a lonp narrow black process running parallel to the said yellow process. f5 25 Fe ni a 1 e : Unknown. Le ng t h : maie 1 nim. E t y ni o 1o g y. The structures of the hypopygium of this species are outstandingly developed (La- eP tin: egregius). hl a t t' r i a 1 esa ni i n e d. Holotypr: 5. Tiiiirsia. Timis. Gani- ninrth. dunes. S. v. 19%. .\i. J. Ebejer. in Nhl\\'. Paratyps: 2. Italia. Ostia. date?. Czrrny. in NHM\V. A niale specinien, iabeiied: '.Italia, Ostia. Czerny", in tlie collection at KH;LILV, belongs to this spe- gon' paraph cies. 1 beiieve this to be the speciinen Czerny ' refei-red to iinder qiproxi/mfwii (Czerny. 1927). This specinien is soine\vhat darker than the type. both on the niesonotum aiid the abdomen (niostly duc to post-niorteni changes): the second aiid third tergites are pale over the middle tna thirds: the hypop!.gium is esposecl as in the type.

D i s t ri b II t ion : Itnl!. Tunisia.

A pli a 11 i os oina em in eiis E b ej er, 1995

Aphu/iio>o/r/(ieiriiricris Ebejer. 1995, Entoniologists híonthl! bhgazine. 1-71: 201. Type locality: Greece. Peloponessos. T!pes in MI\\! Fias 25-27. Aplioriioror~in fniciferiirn, sp. n., holotype, niale. Known only .froni the type material. This yellow 25, lateral view of hypopygiuin. 26, pregenital sternite, vent- . species is easily identified by its large, protruding ral vieu. 27, sarne, lateral view 20s Ehejer. hí. J.. Palaearctic Apliciiiiosoiiin ..

f6 Legs: entirely yellow ivith pale hairs: Iiind tro- 28 chanter nornial. A b d o m e n : somen,hat elongated. tergites pale \,ellow except along anterior margins of tergites 2-4. Lvliicli are pale br0n.n: hairs and bristles pale !,ellow to ivhitish. Pos t a b d o ni e n : yellow except for the very bas clearly lkible pair of large. black. sickle-shaped sur pi-ocesses. u,hich at their bases are each attached to the aedeagal apodenie; two other processes, below and anterior to these. are pale and not easily seen; aedeagus also difficult to define be- gon ' cause it is niembranous. but in the paratype it is extruded and appears inflated and globular; sternite 3 niore or less sqiiare, nith a pair of projections on posterior niargiii, pointing backwards a n d d onm \var d s. Fe m a 1 e : Unknown. Length: niaie, 1.5 nini. E tyniology. The nanie is derived froni the La- tin word for sickle (falx) and refers to the pair of so shaped black paraphallic structures. hl a te r i a 1 esa ni i n ed. Holotype: 5. Iraq. Kerbala. pools in steppe. 20. iv. 19SS. J. Olcjnicek. SMO. Paratype: 5, same clata. SYIO. 29 30 Di s t ri b u t i on : Iraq. Fips 28-30. Ap/iniiioso/ria forripnfwii, sp. n.. holotype. male. 25. lateral vie\v of hypopypitini. 29. lateral \kv of tersite five. 30. piegenital sternites Aylic~iiiosonic~fissiiiii Collin, 1949

yellow and \vhite haired. anteriorly 0.4 times the Ap/io/iiosorir

sociated uith arid areas. r Th o r a s : pale yellow lvith 4 deeper u'axy yellon. stripes on nisn reaching to hindmost dc: scut !-el- D i s t r i b 11 t i o n : Egyp t. Oman. lo)\,: chaetotaq,: 2 + 5 dc. only Iiiiidiiiost well de- jssloped. 5 acrs. short and incnnspiciious: 2 sliort hu. 1 postliu. 2 notopl and O + 3 inconspicuoiis ia: Aph CIII iosoin ci forcipcr tirm, s p. n. al1 short hairs and biistlss palr yellow or ivhite. Fiss 2s-20 the long dc. 4 scut. ancl postalar black: pleura A precloniinantl!~ yello\v species. but n.itli meso- paie yellow escept for pale bro\\.ii triangle occii- notiini black in the anterior tn.0 tliirds: a pair of pyinp loner tnm thirds of stpl. and black hypopl: loiig frontal bristles in front of tlie ocellar trian- 1 stpl ivith short Lvhite hair in frnnt: 1 mspl. 91s and hypop!~pium n3th a larse characteristic IVi n p : \.eins palr bro\\-nisli-!~eIlo\\.: distance be- !.e I 1ow cl a u,-sh a pe cl pi-oce ss. tiveen cross\.eins 1.6 times tlie lerigth of posterior crossvein: RZT3and RJL5 converge ton.ards M a 1 e apex, distance between theni on costa 0.4 times Head: higher than long and frons longer than that bet\veen R,,,, and apical section of Cu broad, at le\.el of antennae 0.7 times as wide as 2.5 times length of posterior crossvein. Haltere at leve1 of anterior ocellus: ocellar triangle and unifornily paie yeiiow. occiput black, latter with yellow postocular mar-

-- - híiti. hlus. Nat.kci. Bd.. Discli. entoiiiol. Z. 45 (199s) 2 209 .. \Y¡ n g : relati\,ely long. apex i-eaching well beyond apes of abclonien: veins bronx. darkened apically: distance betiveen crossveins i .3 times the length of posterior crossvein: R2,3 and R4&5 conk'erge onl!, slightly toivards apex, distance betn'een them oii costa 0.5 times that betkveen R4+T and h.Ii-2: apical section of Cu 3 times the length of posterior cross\.ein. Haltere yellon.. Le g s : entirel!. !,ello\\, and pale haired: hincl trochanter normal.

A b cl o ni e 11 : al1 tergites dark grey with narrow pale posterior margins: tergite 5 \vith pointed posterior corners below.

Post a b d o m e 17 : Lvith a characteristic pale projection clirected backnxrds, which is twisted along its long asis and cla\\.-shaped at its apex. Fe m a I e : Unknonn. Length: niale 1.0 mni. E t y m o 1 o g!'. Nanied after the shape of the gonostyli. dist hl a te r i a 1 es a ni i n e d. Holotypz: <, Tunesia. Jendouba. Ourd hlrlleg~ir..1 l. v. 1995. M.J. Ebejer, NlW.

D i s t r i b u t i o 11 : Tunisia. 32 33 Fips 31 -33, Ap/ioiiioso/iitr grisesceris, sp. n.. holotype. riialt.. 31. posteroventral view of hypopy_oiuiii. 32. same. lateral vien.. 33, preprnital sternitt. Aplicrri iosomn grisesceiis, sp. n. Figs 31-33 A species nith no distinguishing externa1 charac- gin: gena yellow and yellon.-haired. 0.4 times the ters: niesonotuni iinifornily grey. scutellum only height of eye at anterior edge of latter: niouth- faintl! paler but ivith a yellowish tip; a pair of parts and antenna yellow. arista black: 4 orbitals. long bristles preseiit on frons. anterior one very short. 10 frontals. uith a pair in front of the ocellar triangle distinctly longer Male than others. He a d : !.ello\v. froiis as long as broad. at level 01 anteiinae 0.7 times the n.idth of that at level of Th ora s : nisn black o\.er anterior tn'o thirds. _ore!' cliisted. yello\vish posterior third sharpl!. cls- anterior ocellus: occiput black \\,itli narrow yel- niarcatecl at the niiddle: dark area of msn con- lo\\. postocular margin: niouth parts aiid antenna tinues as a stripe posterioi-ly as far as hindmost !.ello\\: arista hlnck: gsna at anterior eye margin tiillss tlis heisht of masillluni vertical dia- dc. runiiing just lateral to dc line: siniilarly an- 0.4 othsr dai-k stripe runs lateral to ia as far as wing meter of e!'e: e1.e sorne\\.hat oval. biit not more base: hii ancl riotopl !.ello\\.; sciit dull !ello\vish: narro\\-eci anterinrl!-: 2 loiig posterior orbitals nitn black: chaetotasy: 3 + 5 dc. the hindiiiost ancl iii front of these 2 more of about tn'o thirds longest. but the onr anterior to it de\,eloped to their lenstli: froiis u.ith 12 pale hairs. the long pair front of ocsllar triangls. as long as hind- about Iialf its length. O T 3 ia. 1 hu. 1 posthu. 2 in notopl: pleura !.ello\\.. niarked \\.ith black on lo\\.- ni os t o rhi t a 1. er half of rnspl, loner tivo thirds of stpl. anterior Th o r a s : nisn grey \vith dense greyish dusting. and posterior borders of ptpl and most of scut bronnisli grey \vith a small yellow spot at hypopl: 1 nispl bristle at upper third of posterior the j'ery tip. hii and notopl stripe yellocv, nitn margin, and.stpl with 3 bristles, 2 in front and black. pleura grey. only at sutures variably but one at posterior upper comer. generally iiarrowly yello\v; chaetotaxy: 4 + 5 dc, 210 Ebejer, hl. J.. Palaearctic Apliniiiosoriia

only hindmost well developed. 6 acrs in 2 irregu- lorca and conipared directly with tlie holotype, lar and \videl! separated rows not reaching pos- are therefore figured in this article. terior dc. 0+4 ia. 1 hu, 1 posthu. 2 notopl, 4 D i s t r i bu ti o n. Spain, Mallorca. scut. 1 mspl and 1 stpl each at upper posterior corner. in addition a \.ertical row of 4 short pale hairs on niiddle of stpl. Aphnn iosornu firirteni E bej er, 1996 \Vi n g : veins bro\\.n, distance between crossveins equal to length of posterior crossvein (variable Aplio/riosoiiiic /iom~iEbejer, 1996. Fauna of Saudi Arabia. 15: 293. Type locality: \r’emen. Sana’a. Type in NMW. in paratypes). Ri+;and R445converge at apex and distance between them o11 costa 0.5 times This species differs from lzacknzciiii in details of that between R and M veins; apical section of the male postabdomen. in having no trochanteric M-CU 3.3 times length of posterior crossvein. projection and in rather longer bristles on the Haltere yello\v. thoras. Leg s : entirely >,ello\\>and yellow haired, only Additional material esaniined.Tunesia, 1 ;.Gromba- lia. Beni Abeche. 9. v. 1995. P. Gatt, MJE. last tarsal segment bro\vnish: hind trochanter normal D i s t r i bu ti o n. Yenien, Tunisia. A b d o me n : tergites dark brown, only on hind inargin very narrowly yellow, beconiing broader Aphaniosonia hiingnricurn SoÓs, 1981 laterally on last 2 segnients. Post a b d o nie n : presents no externa1 distin- Ap/imiioso/rin Iiiriigaricirni Soós. 1981, Folia Entoniologica Hiinparica, 42(2): 1Sj. Type locality: Hunpary, Hortobágy Na- guishing features: adjacent to the pale cerci are tional Park. Types in HNhI?. not examined. tlvo shiny brown patches. Female: very similar to niale, but it is probably also very similar to the Although Soós deposited the types in the Hun- female of spiniiserzfris sp.n. (see belon). garian National Museum 1 found none during a recent \visit. Dr. Lazslo Papp suggested (pers. Le n g t h : male 1 mm. feniale 1.2 nini. comni.) that they niay have been loaned out and never returned. The male is unknown. From the E t y ni o 1 o g J‘. Reference to the general coloration. description, this species appears to be very close to sociiiiiz Collin. hl a t e r i a 1 e s a ni i 11 e d. Holntypr: <. Ttrnesia. Ras Jebel. Ghar El hlelh. saltriiarsli. 17. v. 1995. J. C. Derniirip. h’hílf‘. Di s t r i bu t i o n. Hungnry. Paratypes: 1 < and 4 E saiiie data as holotype. NbllV: 1 2 aiid 3 I. Soitsse. Sidi Boti Ali. saltiiiarsh. 9. V. 1993, h’l. J. .Ebejer. K\l\i’: 1 <. same data. hlJE: 1 ;Fernana. farmland streani. 11. \’. 1995. hl. J. Ebrjer. Nl\Y 1 1. sariie data but Aphaniosoma irnpurleiis, sp. n. J. C. Deeniiny. N\l\\‘: 1 5. Ttinis. Poiit de Bizcrte. rnarsh. 17. v. 1995. hl. J. Ebejrr. Nhl\i’: hlalta. 1 5 and 1 1. hlarsis- Figs 34-36 lokk niarsh. 6. is. 1995. bl. J. Ebejrr. hlJE. Additional material esarniiied hit not incltidtd in the type A sniall yellon species with dark stripe5 on me- series: SPAIY. 1 ;. Palniones. San Roque. back of heach. sonotum confluent anteriorly and the pale area 27. ¡v. 19SI. A. E. Stiihhs. NHAIL: 1 1. 1 kiii \\’ of Palos. saltriiarsh. 3. v. 19S1. A. E. Stiibhs. KHllL. in front of the scutellum more or less triangular. Third antennal segnient of female niay be dark D i s t r i b u t i o n. Malta. Spain. Turiisia. bro\vn. Males easily recognised froni the large broaci shiiiy br0it.n surstyli protruding beyond the apex of the abdomen as in emitieris. Apfiaiiiosoniri hackniaiii Lyneborg. 1973 Male Figs 19-20 He a ci : yt.llo\\: ocellar triangle and occiput black ~~J/lc//i~f?sO/lici/i~lCk/?/~/ll; L!ii?hOi.p. 197.7. SteellStrLIpia j(5): 55. 7)-bie lociilit!: Spiiin. Aliiieria. T! pe iri lICT (orisiiially escept for >rllo\v postocular margin: frons at le- in Zoolosical hliisstirii. Copenhnpen. Deiiriiiirk: piven in \,el of antenna 0.6 times the n.idth of that at le- 1991 ). esamiiied. \.el of anterior ocellus: 2 orbitals and one shorter The description of tliis species did not include bristle in front of thece; 6 pairs of pale hairs of illustrations. 1 ani aware of other undescribed more or less equal length scattered on frons; species with unusual developments on the hind gena pale and pale haired, 0.3 times the height trochanter. The male surstylus and hind trochan- of vertical diameter of eye; mouth parts and ter of a specinien of liacknim7i, collected in Mal- antenna yellow. arista almost entirely brokn. Xlitt. hliis. Kat.Lcl Brri , Dtsch. entoiiiol 2 45 (199s) 2 211

towards apes of abdomen and Iaterally; pale hairs; tergite 6 narrobv. Pos t a b d o m e n : i'ery distinctive because of sur- 34 styli extruded beyond cerci and appearing as large shiny brotvn processes; pregenital sternite (on dissection) of coniplicated structure (fig. 36). Fe ni a 1 e : similar to niale but showing some ch roma t ic \.aria t io n : t n.o para t y pe s h a ve d ark brown third antennal segnient, two have more estensive yellow on pleura and one has the msn stripes niuch less darkened. Len g t h : male 0.9 mni. female 1.2 mm. sur E t y m o 1 o g y. From the Latin word meaning im- niodest, reference to the protruding surstylus. hlaterial exaniined Holot!pe 3. Tiirkey. Denizli. ACI 35 Gol iiiarsh. 4 \ii 1997. M J Ebejer, NMW Paratlpes. 1; and 6 L same data and depositor) as hoiotjpe except 1 r, hIJE. D is t ri bu t i on. Tiirkey

36 Aphnniosonin laniellatran Collin, 1949

Figs 31-36. Aphmiiosoriin inipiideris, SI'. n., holotype, male. Apliatiiosoriin /nnrei/nmw Collin. 1919. Annals aiid Magazine 34, lateral virw of hypopygiurn. 33. ventral view of surstylus. of Natural History 12(7): 137. Type locality: Egypt. Siwa, 36. prepenital stcrnitr Lake Iiaroun. T>prsin NHbIL. esamined. An easily recognised species because of the char- Th orax : niainly yellow but nisn with broad acteristic hypopygium figured sitii by Collin stripes which become confluent anteriorly; scut in (1949). yellow with broad brown lateral borders; large area of msn in front of scutellum yellon. pale D i s t r i bu t i o n. Egppt. Oman. area forming a broad triangle Lvith apex at niidline anteriorly betuleen acrs: hu. ntpl. posterior third of mspl and superior third of stpl, yelloiv; Apltmiosoiiia lcltifroris (Loew, 1S73) other sclerites dark grey to black: chaetotaxp: bristles nioderately developed. not hairlike, 1 + 4 ScJplicllir lt7iifi.oirs. Loew 1S73, Berliner entomolopische Zeitsclirift. 17: SO. Type locality: "in Paiinonia inferior¡ et in dc. O +13 ia, 4 acrs not reaching hindmost dc, confiiiibus Dnciae rrpioiiihus . . . capta". Type (feniale) i.n 1 hu, 1 posthu. 2 ntpl. 4 scut, 1 nispl in front of 'LISHU. esamined. \ving base. 1 long. 1 short stpl at upper hind cor- Collin (1949) thouglit that the tj'pe mizht have ner. 1 stpl at lon.er comer. been lost. Hmvever, through the kindness of Dr. Wi n ,o : relati\,elp long: veins pale except R4+?, H. \\'encit. Loen,'s type has been located in Ber- and CLI bronm: RZTiand R,+> converge to- lin and 1 \\.as ahle to examine the speciinen. bvards \ving apes: RJA5and Mi+i diverge toivards \\.hich bore the follonhg labels: Orsova. n. S71, \i.ing niarpin and at costa. distance betiveen them Agroiii~.:a lu(m. Nov. Gen., Apteiiioii lntifrotis is 2.3 times that betlveen the foi-nier t\vo veins: Ln.. coll. H. Loen.. \\'liat follotvs is a redescrip- distance betiveen cross\reins 1.2 times length of tion. post e r io r cr oss ve i n . Ha 1ter e y e 1lou.. Fe ni a 1 e Le g s : >'ellon: last tarsal segnient broLvn; hind trochanter unmodified and pale. Hea d : yellotv. frons distinctly broader than lonp. ratio of 6:4, parallel sided, narroning only A b d o ni e n : each tergite dark brown in anterior slightly and immediately before base of anten- half to tn.0 jhirds with pale yellow hind border, nae, sonie darkening on a small circular area on becoming a little broader in successive tergites each side of the yellow ocellar triangle, ocellf 712 Ebrjer. ht. J.. Palaenrctic Aplrciriiosoiiin .. ringed with black; 2 long and 3 short orbitals: occiput J.ellon.: about 15 pale. proclinate, equally short hairs on frons not reaching close to base of anten n a e. T h ora s : yellow Lvith 6 black msn stripes covered with gre!.ish dusting. the central pair separated by a nari-o\v !.ello\v line. ron's of acrs. ia and dc on !.ello\\, ground: chaetotasy: 1 hu. 2 posthu of Ivhich one short. 5 acrs, the ro\vs very close, separated by half the distance of that separating them froni dc. 2 -k 5 dc. only prescut pair well de\,eloped: O + 4 short ia: pleura yellow. hypopl 37 and mtn black, stpl with 1 long pale bristle at upper posterior corner and a shorter one in front. nispl with 1 long bristle at upper posterior corner. A b d o me n : tergites brown with narrow yellow margins laterally and posteriorly, on tergites 6-7 the yellow border is broad. leaving a semicircu- f6 lar dark central area; hairs on tergites pale. \Vi n g : veins yellow: distance betlveeii crossveins 2.5 tinies the length of posterior crossvein; Rz+~ and R4+sconverge towards apex, RAT5and M~+z parallel: distance between radial veins on costa 0.3 times that between R and Ivl veins; apical section of Cu 3 times the length of posterior crossvein. Haltere pale yelloiv. dist /' bas Legs: yellow and \vith pale hairs. only fifth tarsal segnients some\vhat bronmish. Figs 37-38, Apliniiiosotjzn riielireiisii\ Ebejer, niale. 37, ventral vien of tercit? four. 3s. postsroventral visw of hppopy- hl a 1 e : Unknonn. pium

L e 11 g t h : feniale 1.6 nini. than broad and always with 2 long posterior or- Kno\vn only froni the type. Similar species (in bital bristles and 2 I'ery short anterior hairs. The the feniale ses) are iiiclireiisis Ebejer. seiiiicoii- mesonotum has nunierous short dorsoceiitrals soi's Czerny and possibly sexliiicntirrii Strobl. This and acrostichals, both of jvhich rows reach the last 1 ha\^ not seen. For differences from the scutelluni (only the prescutellar of each. longer). otlier species see notes under each respective Tlie whole series from Roniania show very little tason. variation. In this species the fourth tergite is D i s t ri bu t ion. ? Hungar!.. ? Roniania. reniarkabl!. niodified iii that its posterior and ventral margin is produced into a broad finger- like estension backnxds (fig. 37). Ho\vever, the Aphciiiiosoirio nieliteiisis Ebejer, 1993 leiigth and u.idth of thc back\vardl!. directed pro- Figs -37--3S cesses are \.ariable. Tlie niale postabdonien varies in size both ivith respect to the tergites and ~~/)/1[7//;[)s~~/~f[~jjic/i/t,//.\is Ebejcr. 1993. Eritoiiiolo$.;tq XIüiithl! Xl:igziiie. 179: 1;l. T!,pe icicality: Xtalta. 7).pc"*. iii X\t\\.. to hypopygial structures thenisehxs. The fifth A/>íru//ioyo/ii(igr(/uu//ir Et7i.jc.r- 1995. Eiitoiiiolc>gists hlontlil! tergite in profilc. can be rectansular (Ebejer Xlepziiie. 131: 202. Syi. no\; 1993) or triangular (Ebejer 1995) 2nd it can be This species is oiie of the niost \videspread and variably notched along the niidline \vlien seen niost variable. The colour varies froni alniost uni- from ab0i.e. In pale fornis the surstylus and phal- foi-nily black without niesonotal stripes. to com- lus can easily be lost during niaceration. Al1 in- pletely yellon. with or without niesonotal stripes. termediates liave now been seen froni the same Characteristically, it has a frons always longer locality both in Malta and in Tunisia. In tAe light Xlitt. hluc. Nat.kd. Berl.. Disch. eiitoniol. 2. 45 (199s) 2 213

L. Sotisse: Sidi Boii Al¡. s:tltiii:irsh. 9. v, 1995. hl. ? Ebejer. hlJE: 3 3. saiiie cliita. PG: 2 and 2 1. Le Kef. Nebeiir Daiii. \voodlarid bog. 11. v. 1995. hl. J. Ebcjer. hIJE: 3 and 2 1. Bizerte. hlenzel Bourgiba. saltrnarsh. h. v. 1995. M. J. Ebejer. XIJE: 9 < and 2 1. Bizsrte. Ras Jebel. Ghar El híelh. salrmrirsh. 17. v. 1995. hl. J. Ebejer. hIJE: 2 1. sarne data but J. C. Dseniiriy. KXl\i’: 1 < aiid 1 1. Ttinis. Pont de Bizerte. saltniarsh. 17. v. 1995. Xl. J. Ebejer. hlJE: 1 1 sanie data. PG: SCI 1 =. Tunis. Sebkhet El Riana. 17. v. 1993. Xl. J. Ebejer. h4JE: Xlalta. unliniitcd material. 3 arid 1. MJE: Tiirke!. I ;and 4 ... Dsnizli. hci Gol niiirsli. J. \ii. 1997. hI. J. Ehejcr. hIJE: 4 and 3 1. Izmir. Karabtiriiii. Karapinar. 11. \ii. 1997. J. C. Dcsniiiig. KXIU’: 2 antl 5 1. Izmir. Karabururi. Karapinar. 11. \-ii. 1997. 11. J. Ehcjjsr. XIJE: 6 < and II 1. hlti~la.Dalyan Istuzti niarsh. 1-1. vi¡. 1997. hl. J. Ebejer. hlJE. D i s t r i b u ti o n. Bulgaria. Crete. Czech Repub- lic. France. Italy Mallorca. klalta, Romania, Tu- nisia and Turkey.

Apliriniosonici necopinritiiin, sp. n. Figs 39-40 A dark grey species with a pair of long frontal 40 bristles ancl dark postabdominal striictures; closely related to ckiridgei Ebejer. Figs 39-40. Ayliotiiosoriin riecopiiioriim, sp. n.. hoiotype, niale. 39. lateral vieu of hypoplgiiiiii. 40, pregenital strrnite Male Hea d : yellow; ocellar triangle black as is occi- of these observations, 1 re-esaniined the types of put escept for \:ery narrow pale postocular mar- grmciim and of riielirerzsis and 1 conclude that gin; frons at level of antennae about 0.75 times grciecunz falls nithin the spectrum of variation of the u.idth of that at level of anterior ocellus; 2 nielirensis. It should therefore be regarded as a orbitals with 2 short hairs in front of these; 1 junior synonym of iiielitemis. Fernales are parti- pair of long bristles in front of ocellar triangle cularly difficult to separate froni tiigi~oI?irriim and another 4 pairs of shorter hairs scattered on Hendel when the froiito-orbital plate and head frons: antenna yelloiv: arista black: niouthparts bristles are black. In general appearance they !,ellnn. escept margin, n.hich has a broiim he are also very similar to sociiuii Collin. but tliis (vie\veci froni belon): gena pale yellow and pale latter has less numerous acrs, which do not reacli liaired. 0.3 times the heisht of vertical dianieter the scut and \vhich beconie irregular posteriorly of eye. ivhich is oval. aiid much niore separated froni each other. Also. Th o r a s : nisn dark grey to black. scut also dark in sociiuii the scut and area of nisn in front of it beconiing only slightly paler greyish brown 6- are nei‘er yelloiv. Pale fornis of mclirrmis are si- \vards apes: hu and. narrowly. ntpl depression milar to sciiiicoIisois Czernjr and to Inr(fi.oris, but j.ellon,. mtn black. pleura dark grey to black with in the latter tn’o species the orbitals are differ- only narro\\. niargins and sutures yellobv: chaeto- ent. the frons is clearly broader than long. and tasy: 1 t 4 dc. onl‘. hindniost ivell developed, tlie 5th tarsal segment is nnt darkened. others hairlike. 3 acrs. O + 2 ia. 1 hii. 1 posthu. 2 ntpl. 2 riispl on posterior niargin. 2 stpl along Additioiial niaterial esaniined. Btilpria. 1 L, h’r Kranevo. Baltritn forest. 1-1-16, vi. 1969. B. H. S: hl. C. Co- iipper niargin. one at niiddle. one at upper hind mi. R. 1. A R. \áne-\\’right. KH3IL: 2 :. Kr Kranew. niar- corner and a third bristle at lon-er-comer of stpl. ;time zone. 11-16. 1.i. 1969. B. H. & hl. C. Copn. R. 1. & R. \’ane-\l‘rio_ht. KHXlL: Roiiiania. 61 < and 114 L. Kr Histria. veiiis yeliow escept R-1+5. RI,,? arid Cu edyr of L. Sino?. lo\\ s3liiiit!. niaritinie tlats. 1s-20. vi. 1969. bronm: R2-; ancl R4-5 converge tonrards \ving B. H Ec hl. C. Coyan. R. I LT: R. Vane-\\.r¡ght. NHXIL: apes: R,-5 arid M,-? di\.erge slightly aiid at costa Fraiice. 4 < and 3 i. Port-La-Nouvelle. seasliore. 33’01’N 03’04’ E. 3. vi¡. 1990. hí. Barták. hlB: Spaiii. 1 L. Figiieres. distance betn,een them is 2.2 times that bet\veen deciduoiis wood. 42’15‘ N 02’5s’ E. 4. vi¡. 1990. hl. Bartrík. the fornier two veins: distance between cross- MB: Italia. 4 5 and 2 I,Bibione. coastal saltrnarsh. veins 1.3 times the length of posterior crossvein. 16. vi. 1994. J. Rohácek. S.MO: TUNISIA. 2 r. Tunis, Gani- niarih. coastal dunes. S. v. 1995. M. J. Ebejer. h,lJE: 5 3’ and 1 Haltere yellow. 114 Ebrjtr. hl J.. Palaearctic Aplioiiiosoiirn

Leg s : yellow; last tarsal segment brownish and hind trochanter dark. A b d o m e n : tergites al1 black with narrowly pale posterior margins and pale hairs. Post a b d o m e n : appears black irz situ with the sur protruding inferior border convex (as opposed to claridgei, nhere it appears concave): surstyli not go" protruding. cerci contrasting pale yellow. Fe ni a 1 e : very similar to male, but without secondary sexual characters. I bas 41 Le n g t h: male 1.0 mm. female 1.3 nini. E t y ni o 1 o g y. This species was unexpected (La- tin: necopinatuni) when discovered among several other congeners. h.1 a t e r i al ex a ni i ne d. Holotype: 5, Turkey. Denizli, Aci Gol niarsh. 4. vi¡. 1997. M. J. Ebejer. NMW. Paratypes: 2 5 and 4 L. same data and depository as holotype except 1s". hlJE. D is t r i bu t i on. Turkey.

Aphciniosomn nigricairclci, sp. n. Figs 41-42 Sniall black species, very similar to riigriim sp. n., i:- but mesonotuni more densely greyish tomentose and, in the female, third antennal segment Figs 41 -42. Apliarriosoiiin iiigricaiidn, sp. n., holotype, niale. brown and frons bright yellow. For certain 41, lateral view of hypopygium. 47, pregenital sternites identification it is essential to examine the male hypopygium. 1 mspl and 1 stpl; pleura pale with some sutures narrowly yellow. Male H e a d : yellow frons which is longer than broad W i ng : veins brown; distance between crossveins and narrowing in front: at level of antennae 0.5 1.2 times the length of posterior crossvein: R2+3 tinies the Lvidth of that at level of anterior ocel- and R4+sconverge towards apex, R1L5 and Mi+? lus: occiput completely black, only ver- narrowly diverge: distance between Rz+3 and R4+5 on yellow at vertex on each side of the ocellar trian- costa 0.4 tinies that bet\veen R and M veihs; api- gle: gena pale haired and narrow. about 0.2 cal section of Cu 3 tinies length of posterior times as high as the niasimuni vertical diameter crossvein. Haltere pale yellon,. of eye. ivhich is relatively large and bare: 4 orbi- Leg s : yellow and yellow haired; front cosa yel- tals. the anterior 2 short: frons with S short pale lowv, niiddle cosa black at base and hind coxa hairs escept for the dark pair in front of the largely black. hind trochanter normal; fifth tarsal ocellar triangle. n.hich are longer than the hind- segnient brownish and niiddle third of hind tibia most orbital: antenna yrllo\v. arista black: nioiith sometinies bro\\ nish. p n rt s !eI low. b ~it i mi de anterior nio u t h ni a rg i n \vith a pair of dark spots: pztshort. about eqiial A b d o ni e n : black. tergites only very narrowly to diameter of ocellus. yellow at niiddle of hind margin dorsally: i.iewed from behind, the very pale. alniost white. cerci Tho r a x : msn, sciit and most of the pleura black contrast Lvith the entirely black hypopygium with dark grey dustin;. only notopl depression which, before dissection, shows a black pointed and lotver half of hu yellow; chaetotaxy: 2 + 4 process on each side directed downwards. dc, only prescut long, 4 acrs, distance between their rows equal to distance between acrs and dc Female: very similar to niale except for sec- r0~0+3 minute ia, 1 hu, 1 posthu, 2 notopl, ondary sexual characters. hlitt. i\.ltis. Kat.kd. Berl.. Dtscli. entoniol. Z. 45 (199s) 2 215 . .. Vienna. revealed iiine specimens under "nigr-o- liirtiinz". T\vo of these fit the description and bear, in Hendel's writing. the locality data given by him. Both are feniales and undoubtedly are part of the original type material. Three other specimens also are. in rny opinion. nigrohirtiiiii. but (he\, bear no locality label. The reniaining tivo males and tnfo femalec belong to sociilriz. Once seen. this is a very distincti1.e species. especially in the male sex. ivhich has an enlarged 5th tergite u.ith a small projection at its apico- ventral corner. The hypopygium is illustrated in figs 44-45. The species shows liniited variation. The yellow scut and prescut area of the msn, the very ciark bristles and the dark fronto-orbital plates and antenna make this an easily recog- 45 nised species. Hou-ever, the above characters are sonietimes absent. singly or in conibination, so that feniales v,hich have the scut darkened can be difficult to separate froni the dark forms of melitensis and from socizirii (see note under rneli- temis). Additional material esamined. Ttinisia. 1 5,Sousse, 30. iv, 1973. J. \V. Ismay. hlJE: 2 5 and 1 5. Tunis. Sebkhet El Riana. 17. v. 1993. hl. J. Ebejer, MJE: 1 and 12. sarne data. Khln'.

46 D i s t r i b LI t i on. Adriatic coast, Czech Republic, Tun is i a. 'Ph

Fiss 43-46. Aplrnrrioso~irn tiigrolririiii~i,sp. n.. male. 43, ventral view of tergite five. 44. lateral view of hypopygiuin. 43, Aphaniosonia iiigriim, sp. n. pregenital sternite. 46. posteroveiitral view of hypopygium Figs 47-49

Sniall black species ivith only the head, humerus, Len g t h : male 0.8 nim, female 1.0 inm. notopleiiral depression and legs yellow. One pair E t y m o 1 o g y. h'anied \\,ith reference to the par- of long bristles present on frons and only 2 intra- ticularly black apes of the abdomen. alars. On the abdomen only the cerci are very pale yellow. contrasting with the black tergites. hl a t e r i a 1 esami n e d. Holotyps: <. Tunisia. Sousse, Sidi Boti Al¡. saltrriarsh. 9. v, 199.7. X1. J. Ebtjer. Ni\.l\\'. Paratypes: Male 4 < anil 4 1. sanir data as holotype. K>I\l': 2 and 1 :. sanit data. hlJE. He a d : !rellon. frons Ionger than broad. narrowing at leve1 of antennae to 0.5 times the width of D i s t r i b t i o 11. Tunisia. that at leve1 of anterior ocellus: occiput almost completely black. onl!. behiiid the inner \.erticals Lvith sniall !e11o\v spots: gena pale. pale haired Aphaniosonin 11 igroh irtuni Hen (1 el, 1933 and narron. at anterior eye niargin only 0.3 Figs 43-46 tinies the lieight of the \.ertical dianizter of eye. Ivhich lies ohliquely: antenna !.ellow, third seg- Ap/i(irii«soriin tiigroliirrci Hendel. 1933. Dtutsche Entoniolo- gische Zeitschrift. 1: 45. Type localities: Adiiatic coast and ment rather orange. arista black: inouthparts !el- Ttinisia. Tunis. Typts in NH.\l\i'. esamined. Ion: 3 short orbitals and 1 short hair in front: 6 short frontal hairs apart froni the long pair in According to Hendel (1933). the holotype, a front of ocellar triangle. male, was deposited in his collection, and a paratype in the Hungarian Natural History Museum Thorax: msn and scut entirely coa1 black, more in Budapesj. However, an examination of the shining than is usual in this genus, only the very Chyromyidae in the Natural History Museum, tip of scut narrowly brownish; hu dull yellowish 216 Eheiei. hI J. PAieaictic iloliniirotoiiin

\Vi n g : veins black: distance between crossveins 1.2 tinies the length of posterior cross\rein: R2+3 and RAT5converge toivards apex, distance between them on costa 0.6 times that bet\veen R4,, and apical section of Cu 4 times the length of posterior crossvein. Haltere pale yello\v. 47 Le gs: entirel!, yellow \vith niised dark and pale hairs: hind cosa black in basa1 half. hind trochanter normal; fifth tarsal segnient broivnish. A bd o ni e n : tergites as black as msn. only very narrow pale margins; cerci alniost n.hite. contrasting \vith the completely black and shining hypopq'gium. nhich has no visible esternal processes. ej apd Female: as niaie, but frons and third antennal segnient bro\vn. al1 bristles somewhat longer, ter-

gites- 6 and 7 largei than others and uith a distinct narrow longitiidinal membranous line down middle.

Le n g t h : male 1 .O mm, feniale 1.1 mm. E t y m o 1 o g y. So nained becaiise it is the black- est species of tlie genus so far.

hla te r i a I esaiii i n e d. Holotype: 5. Tunisia. Ttiriis. Pont de Bizerte. niarsh. 17. 1.. 1995. M. J. Ebejer. PAN'. Paratyprs: 4 3' aiid 5 L. sanie data as holotype. KYIW 2 3'. sanie data. XIJE: 1 5. Poiit de Bizerte. 17. v. 1995. P. Gntt. KhiW 2 5 arid 2 L. Sotissc. Sidi Bou Al¡. siiltriixsh. 9. v. 1995. M. J. Ebejer. KXIW': 2 :. sanle data. hiJE: 2 1. Sotisse. Sidi Boli Ali. oli\.e grove. 9. 1'. 1995. hl. J. Ebejer. KMIY 1 3 and 1 2. Siliaria. Lapb. oued. 11. v. 1995. hl. J. Ebejer. XXLIW: 1 L. Le Kef. Kebetir Dani. \\oodlaricl bog. 11. v. 1993. hl. J. Ebe- jer. KXl\\': Xlalta. 1 5. Ficldieii. Zü. v, 1993. hi. J. Ebsjer. hlJE. D i s t r i b u t i o n. Tiinisia. Malta.

c Aph CI 11 iosoiii CI II o trr tirrn Col1 i n, 1949

bro\\n o\~ra sriiall area. notopl dull }.ellow, mtn black. niembrane joining it to the inferior surface of scut bright !ello\\: chaetotasy: 3 + 6 dc. Ayliaiiiosoiiic~obsciirntirni Frey 1945 s h o r t a ti d cl a rk . o n l!. h i 11d mos t \ve 11 cle \,e lope d. Figs 50-51 but one in front of it half its length. O + 2 ia. 4 Ap/i~iiiioso/ir[ro/witi~iwii Frcy. 1945. Socictas ScicnticirLiiii acrs not reaching leve1 of wing base and rows Fciiriica: Coinnientationes Biologicae. 8( 10): 6s. Type locality: closer to each other than to dc; pieura black es- Azores: Terceir;i. Typrs in ZhlUH. esariiined. cept for sniall yellow spot below wing base and 1 dissected the specinien from Madeira. It has some -parts of sutures narrowly dull yellowish the hypopygium identical to that illustrated by brown; 1 mspl and 1 stpl. Frey. 1 also dissected a paratype (San Jorge, Cal- Mitt. hliis. Nat.kd. Bcrl.. Disch. entoniol. Z. 45 (199s) 2 217 ,.

50 dict

Figs 52-55, Aplimiioso/iirr occideiircilis, sp. n.. maie paratype. 51 52. posterodorsal view of phaliapodenie. 53. lateral view of hypopygitini. 51. dorsal viex of pregrnital sternite. 55, same, lateral vien.

Figs -50-5 1. Ap/io/iioso/iin ohscirrnrioii Frey, niale paratype. ApJian iosoin a o ccicleri tcilis, sp. n. 50, lateral viwv of hypopygiuni. 51. pregenital sterriite Figs 9-55 This dark species \vas included by Frey in his heta. 22-2S.VI.. specirnen nuniber 336. figs series of ohsciiuifiiiii. but there are clear differ- 50-51). M'hat is not clear in Frey's original fig- ences in externa1 characters as \\,el1 as in the ure is that the long distiphallus is bilobed as in male h\rpopygiuni bettveen this series and the crepenitu. Frey did not recognise a series of four specimen he designated as holotype of ohsciii-0- very dark speciniens as belonging to a different frini. This justifies giving this series a new nanie. species. These are listed beloiv. A. ohSciimiuii is It niost resenibles riigricnrcda. but it can easily b: most similar to claridgei. but tlie head is less clistinpished b!, esamining the hypopygiuni. It eloiigated aiid the inesonotiini more yello~vpos - helongs to the group nitli a pair of long bristles t e r i o rl!.. i n cl u d i ng t h e scii t t' 1 I ni a n cl t h e p le LI r a. in front of tlie ocsllar triangle. n.hicli are almost entirel!. pale. híale hI a te r i a I e s a ni i n e ci. Hoiot!.pe: 5. Azores. San Jorge. Caliieta. 22-7s. \'l. Fi-cy. spscinien nunibcr -375: dissected He a d : !~llon but ocsllar triangle ancl occiput aiid iilustratecl Frcy. Zi\lL!H. Parntypes: 1 and 2 b! < :. black escept for \ er! narro\\ postocular margiri: sanle data. spscinicn iitinihcrs: 5.35. -366 aiid 372: 2 and 1 ;. San Jorsc. Callista. 71. i'l. Frcy. specimsn numbers: 1521. frons at le\el of aiiteiina 0.6 tinies the widtli of 1-329 and 1-3.2 (Xitis. 2001.Hzlsinki K:u 1SS94): 1 5. Corvo. that at le\el of anterior ocsll~~s:one pair of long \'ilia So\.a. 27. \.I. Stora. specinicii iiiiiiibcr: -3226 (Xltrs. bristles in froiií of ocellar triangle and eight Zool. Hc.isinki S:o 1889.3): Caii:ir! Islniids. 1 :. Gran Caiiiir- ia. Articas. 2. ?. 49. Lindhcrs: 1 1. Fuerte\eiituro. Jahlc. other short Iiaii-s scatterecl on frons; 2 orbitals 54..3. 49. Linclher_o.ZXIUH. Additionai niateriiil: Cariar! Is- and 2 sliort fine hairs in front of these; gena pale larids. 1 ;. hIadeira. Dewrta Grande. 17-18, viii. 19S5. RI. and pale haii-ed. 0.5 tinies the height of eye, Jones. K>I\\'. \vhich is oval: palp and proboscis yellow; mouth Dis tribu t i o n. Azores? Canary Islands. margiii and parts of depth of buccal cavity dark; antenna yellow, except niost of apical part of arista black. 21s Ebsisr. hl. J., Palaearctic Ai~liniiiosorria .. Thorax: nisn and scut uniformly dark grey; Abdomen: tergites al1 black and each with a mtn black and pleura dark grey to black except very narrow pale hind niargin of uniform width for hu, ntpl depression and narrow margins of right up to lateral edge of tergite: hairs mostly sclerites. which are yellow; chaetotasy: except for pale brown. scut and hindmost dc. Lvhich are strong bristles. Pos t a b d o ni e n : no distinctive externa1 features al1 others are firie. pale and hairlike: chaetotasy: ivhen esaniined NI siru. but with the dorsal part 1 T 7 dc. 1 + 4 ia. 6 acrs. 1 hu, 1 ihu. 2 posthu. 2 of surstyli visible as shiny dark brown spots on ntpl, 4 scut: 1 mspl at upper hind corner and 3 each side of pale cerci. stpl. one at niiddle of sclerite, one at upper hind corner and another below this. Fe m a 1 e : Unkn0n.n. Wing: veins al1 pale. becoming a little darker Length: niale 1.3 mm. towards wing apes: R2+; and RAT5converge to- E t y m o 1 o g y. This species comes from the most nwds wing apex: and parallel up to RA-5 M1+? Westerly country in the region (Latin: occidenta- wing margin and at costa. distance betn,een theni lis, western) is 2.3 times that betn.een the former two veins; distance between crossveins 1.4 times the length kI a te r i a I esa ni i n e d. Holotype: 5, Azores. Terceira. hlonte Brazil. 29. v-2. vi. Frr! (specimen: 240, specimen of posterior cross\.ein, which joins Cu at an type number: S292). ZAIUH. Paratypes: 2 5 same data (spe- acute angle; apical section of Cu 3 times the cimen: 230, speciiiien type number: 8291: and specimen 266); length of posterior crossvein. Haltere yellow. Canary Islands, 1 5. Gran Canaria, Maspalomas, 24-36. 2. 49, Lindbsrz. ZMUH. Le g s : completely yellow, including last tarsal D i s t r i b LI t i o n. Azores and Canary Islands. segment; hind trochanter dark.

Aph cin iosom a ocii Iica iih, Collin 1949

Aplimiiosorizn ocirlicnirda. Collin 1949, Annals and Magazine of Satura1 Histor! 1?(2): 135. Type locality: Egypt, Lake Karoun. Types in NHML. esamined. D is t r i bu t i on. Egypt, Oman.

Apliriniosonici piligeniiii, sp. n. Figs 56-61 A larger than average species covered with very short fine hairs on the tergites, giving it a some- Lvhat \.elvety appearance: thoras yellow with six sur, black niesonotal stripes; abdomen b$ck and ni a rk e d 1y trunca t e a p ica 11y. Male Hea d : !ello\\; frons longer than broad. at level of antenna 0.5 times the u.idth of that at level of anterior ocellus: occiput black with narrow yel- 59 low postocular niargin extending froni vertex to neck as a vertical band: gena yellow and with nunierous pale hairs. at anterior eye margin 0.6 times the lieight of masimum \.ertical dianieter of eye: niouthparts arid antenna yellow, arista black on apical t\vo thirds. white at base; 5 orbitals. gradually decreasing in size froni back to Figs 56-61. Aphrriiiosotiin piligeriuii, sp. n.. niale paratype. front: about 23 dark frontal hairs al1 niore or less 56, lateral view of hypopygium. 57, ventral view of gonostyli. equal in size; ocellar triangle yellow with narrow 58, dorsal view of phallapodeme-hypandriuni complex. 59, dorsal vieu of bifid epandrium and surstyli. 60, pregenital black ring to each ocellus; eye oblique and nar- sternite. 61, lateral vien of phallus row in front. llitt. hltis. Kat.kcl. LIerl.. Dtscii. entoiiiol. Z. 45 (199s) 7 219

Thoras: msn !,ellon with 3 pairs of black and 14 =. sanie data as holotjpc. NWV, 2 5 and 1 L, sanie stripes. central pair narrowly separated and data. XIJE: 7 3’ ancl 2 I. same data. NHhlL; 5 5,Tunis, Pont de Bizerte. niarsh. 17. b. 1995, J C. Deeming. Khl\\. reaching only to iving base. lateral stripes succes- sively longer: scut clear yellow. but bsneath on Dis t ri bu t i on. Tunisia. each side niarked \vith black: mtn black. pleura iiiainlp yellow. but al1 sclerites niarked Lvith black Aphcrriiosonici propinqurtns Collin, 1949 and anterior spiracle also in a black spot: chaetotasy: 1 long prescut dc ivith another half its Ap/io,iiosoiiin propi,rqrrn~is Collin. 1949. Annals and Maga- length in front of it. anterior to these 9 very zine of Natural History. 12(2): 145. Type locality: Great Britain. short bristles. 10 acrs. roivs regular and reach Coriin-all. Type in HCO. esamined. scut. 1 ‘I 5 short ia. 2 hu. 1 posthu. 2 notopl, This coninion ancl ividespread species is variable mspl u,ith long brotvn bristle at upper posterior ivith regard to degree of darkening of niesonotal niargin ancl 2 shorter ones below it. anterior to stripes and length of bristles. It is highly distinc- these and clown a vertical he are 6 pale short tive in the male because of the enormous devel- bristles: stpl also Lvith 5 pale short bristles in line opment of the pregenital sternite. The female \vith these, apart froni the usual long bristle at niay be recognisecl by the niidline angulation of the upper posterior corner. the apical tergites giving the abdomen a \Vi n g : relatively narrow and long: veins pale “tented“ appearance. Along the niidline ridge brown at base, becoming dark towards apes: dis- thus formed, the tergite is thinner and paler, giv- tance between crossveins twice tlie length of pos- ing the abdomen a longitudinal pale streak in its terior crossvein; R2+; and RltS distinctlp conver- apical half to one third. eing towards apes. distance between theni on Additionol material examined. Italy. 1 3 and 1 9,S. costa 0.3 times that between R and M; apical I3enedetto - 10 kni N, danip \alley. 42’S K 13’33’ E, 3. viii. 1958. R,l. Barták: Tunisia. 1 Y, Tunis. Ganiinarth, coast- section of M-Cu 2.3 tinies the length of posterior al dunes. S. v. 1995. hl. J. Ebejer. MJE: 1 3 and 1 C. Siliana. crossvein. Haltere creamy yellow. Lagsab. Oued. 11. v. 1993. hl. J. Ebejer. MJE: 1 3. Jendouba, Oued irlellegue. 11. \. 1995. X1. J. Ebejer. MJE: 4 3’ and 11 r, Legs: yellow with long pale yellow hairs, espe- Bizerte. hlenzel Boursiba. saltniarsh. 16. v. 1993. hI. J. Ebe- cially on fore cosa: fore feniur also with long jer. RIJE: 2 5 and 1 L. Ttinis. Pont de Bizerte. saltniarsh, 17. v. 1993, RI. J. Ebejer. RIJE: 1 <. Ttinis. Sebkhet El Riana, broivn hairs especially on posterior surface; hind dunes at dry saltniarsh. 17. v. 1995. hl. J. Ebejer. RIJE: Malta, trocha n t e r no r ni a 1. < ancl 1. Linliniitecl innterial. iVI. J. Ebejer. in NMLV. MJE and PG. A b d o ni e n : tergites deep black \vith sharply contrasting pale posterior margins, ivhich in type D i s t r i b ii t i o ri. Czecli Repiiblic, Great Britain, aiid sonie paratypes estend anteriorl!. along niid- Italy. hlalta. Spain, Tunisia. line to form pale triangles. in other paratypes posterior margin is broader occup!ing iip to one Aphart iosonici proxini iim, sp. n. third of the Iength of tergite: al1 tergites densely Figs 62-64 co\.erecl with ver. short bronn haii-s: tergites 5-6 ivith long fringe of golden bristles at apical A grey ancl yello\\ species nith confluent mesq; niargin: apes of abdomen markedl!, truiicate ancl notal stripes on the anterior half sharply deniar- b r ig h t ye Ilotv w he ii vien.e d froni beh i ncl . cated from a large yellow prescutellar area; \vhole of the scutellurii also !.ello\v; frons with Post a b d o ni e 11 : ver!. distinctivs and phallus pair of long bristles. t\.ith very lorig cii\.ergent apical lobss (esti-udecl i ii ino s t spe ci me n s). illale Fe ni a 1 e : as niale escept for secondary sexual He a d : frons !.ello\v. longer than broad. at leve1 characters and niai.ginal bristlss of tergites begin of anteiinae 0.6 tinies the \vidth of that at ante- on tergite 4 iaterall!- and are more niinieroiis on rior ocellus: 5 orbitals beconiing progressively tergites 6-7. shorter froni back to front: orie pair of Ion; frontals in front of ocellar triangle. which is black: al1 Le 11 g t h : male 1.4 nim. feniale 1 nini .S hairs and bristles on head pale: occiput black E tymolog!’. From the Latin words pilus. niean- with yellou postocular margin: gena pale haired, ing pile (fine hair) and gerere. nieaning to bear narrow. at anterior niargin of eye 0.5 tinies the or carry. height of vertical diarneter of eye. which is oval 11ate r i a 1 e s a ni i n e d. Holotype: <. Tunisia. Ttinis. Sebkhet and not narrowed in front; niouthparts and an- El Riana. 17. v. 1995. M.J Ebejer. h’,MU’. Paratypes: 1s 3 tenna yellow, arista black, only basa1 part white. . , , ._... - , . ,

posterior crossvein; Rzt3 and R4+s converge slightly touards apes, distance between them on costa 0.6 times that between R1+s and MIL?;apical section of Cu 2.3 tinies length of posterior 62 crossvein. Haltere pale yellow. Le g s : entirely yellow and pale haired; hind trochanter normal. A b d o m e n : al1 tergites dark brown to black \\ ith narrow pale posterior margins. wliich broaden laterally on tergites 4-5.

Pos t a b d o ni e n : pale with sniall barely notice- able pale ventrally directed processes; cerci pale with long apical hairs. Fe niale: \‘ery similar to male. but tergites tend to have broader pale posterior margins. Length: niale 0.9 mrn, fernale 1.1 mni. E t y m o 1 o g y. The name refers to the morpholo- gical prosirnity to ci~~p~o.uii~zcctirr71,which is exhib- ited by this species.

hí ate r i a I ex a ni i ti e d. Holotype: 5. Xlalta, h,íarsaxlokk, saltniarsh. 6. is. 1995. hl. J. Ebejer. NM\V. Paratypes: 1 ,s and 3 1. sanie data as holotype. NMW; 1 3. Salina, 31. v. 1992, hl. J. Ebejer, Kll\\’: 2 3. Salina. 23. viii. 1992. P. Gatt. NMW; 2 3 sanit: diita. MJE: 1 ;. hlarsaslokk. 29. ix. 1992. M. J. Ebejer. NMW: 1 5, Fiddien. 20. v. 1995. hl. J. Ebejer, MJE; Tunisia. 1 ;, Ras Jebzl, Ghar El Melh. 17. v. 1995. hl. J. Ebr- jer, in MI\\’: Romania. 20 3 and 27 I.Nr Histria. Edge of L. Sinos. lou. salinity maritime. 1s-20. vi. 1969. B. H. R: M. C. Cosan. R.1. & R. \’ane-Wriptit. NHML: 1 E. Kr Costines- ti. K of hlanpaliri. polluted ley. 1s. vi. 1969. i3. H. LE: P.I. C. Copan. R. 1. C‘ R. Vane-Wright, NHXIL. Fips 62-64, Apliaiiiosoijio prosiiiiim, sp. 11.. holotype. nials. D i s t r i bu t i o n. Malta. Rornania, Tunisia. 62. lateral view of hypopygiiini folclecl in sitii. 63. sanie. but iiiifolded and partially extrtided. 61. ventral vien of pregenital sternite

stripes: deniarcation bet\veen anterior dark part Tipe in hlSkili. exa[iiined. and posterior pale part of nicn sharp: pale part The types. tuo speciniens on the sanie mount, completel~clzar yellon as is sciit. hu and notopl labellecl ”01otava. 46934“. are in good condi- area: chaetotasy: 3 5 dc. ths hinclmost long. + tion. The 3 pairs of greyish brown msn stripes on others \er! short. 5 acrs. distance behveen their each side of the miclliiie are similar to those o€ rows Icss than tliat betnceii acrs and dc rons. the u hole youp of species which have a strong O 4 ia, 1 liu, 1 posthii. 2 notopl: pleura bright + prrsut cic and a uell de\.elopcd presut ia. One ith estensi\’e dai-k niarhitigs: black areas u specinien is paler than the other. a feature on lo\ver third of mspl. obliquely on hypopl, o11 kiio\tn to be \.er!. variable also in related spe- loner two thirds of stpl. and sniall areas of ptpl: cies. Collin (1919) gives a detailed redescription nitn black: 1 mspl bristle. 1 long dark posterior and Frey (195s) illustrates the niale postabdo- and 2 short pale anterior stpl. nien froiii topotypic material. \Vi n g : veins pale brown. darkened apically; dis- In view of several species within this group, tance between crossveins 1.3 times the length of which have since been described, I-ecoids of ,

hlitt. kliis. Nat.kd. Bsrl.. Dtscli. entoniol. Z. 45 (199s) 2 -77 I

5-S. 3. 49. Lindberg". belongs to 06scui.mltii and the other. a niale labelled "Fuerte\wtura. Betencuria. 11. 3. 49. Lindberg", is a species of 65 Gjw uiocliirorii>.inHe nde 1. A. rufimi is a yellon. species u,ith pale brown niesonotal stripes and brown bands only on the rnicldle of the anterior four tergites. There are no long frontal bristles. but there is a ivell developed presut ¡a. Hq'popygiuni sniall with the pregenital sternite and distiphallus being distinguishing externa1 features. When Frey described this species he had not seen sefigerum Collin and he liad sonie doubt as to the differences. 111 the series of ri!fiini from the Canary Islands u.hich 1 examined. the hypo- p!~gium matches. Frey's figure ver! well. This species is easily distinguished froni seiigwiiiz in general appearance and in having a ndl de- cer veloped presut ia. f6. \ A dd i t i on a 1 in a t e ri a I es a ni i n e d. Canar-y Islaiids. 1 <. Tenrrife. Santa Cruz. 14. 1. -¡Y. Lindherg. ZhlEH: 1 L. Tener- ¡fe. Tacoronte. 3. 3. 50. Linclhsrg. ZXIUH: 1 :. Gran Canaria. San Agiistin. stsppc.. Barraco del Agiiila. 20. 1. 199.3. hI. Chvála. híB: I :and 1 1 samz data. SMO: 1 i. sanie data. bur 15. 1. 1993. hlB. Ph 66 D i s t r i b u t i o n. Cariar!, Islarids.

Aphciniosonicr sciiteilciris, sp. 11. Figs 6s-70 Figs 65- 67. Aplioriiosoiiio ri!fiiiii Frey. male. 65. lateral view of hypopygiuni. 66. same. posterior vie\v. 67, ventral vi?\\. of A black species iniiiiecliately recognisable be- pregeriital stcrriitss cause of the contrasting bright. yellon ish white scutellum. It belongs to the group u,ith a pair of long bristles in froiit of the ocellar triangle. qmdriizomiwiz not from the Canary Islands need to be confirmed. Male

D i s t r i b LI t i o n. Canary Islands. Head: frons !,ello\v. at level of anteniiae 0.7 tinies the nidth of that at level of anterior ocel; lus: ocellar triangle and occiput black Ivith very Aphnniosomrr nlfririi Fre?; 1935 n a rron. post ocii lar iiia rg i n : ante nna y el Iow nit Ii Figs 65-67 arista black: gena pals and loiig pals haired: 2 orbitals uith 1.ei-y short hairs in front: one pair itl)li<7/iiosoriitrriijiirri Fre!.. 1935. Societas Scisntinriini Fsiirii- ca: Coiiiriient3tioiiss Biologicae. 6( 1): 104. Type locality: Can- of long br-istles in front of ocellar trianglt' and ary Islnnds. Las Palmas. Paratypes. ZXIIJH. esaniinc.cl. holo- ahout 4 other pairs of shoit hairs scattt'rzcl on type iint seL"1. frons: al1 bristles and hairs pale: mouthparts !el- No specinieri labelled as holotype \\.as seen. Frq lO\L.. (loc. cit.) illiistrates the hypopygiuni of a dis- o ra s : iinifornil! black. onl! posterior sected male. but the niale from Santa Cruz. the l'h msn calli !.ello\\~isli: scut bright yellonish \chite \\,ith only one in the series above, is intact. iXe\.erthe- dark bronx lateral mar_cins: hu. ntpl and narrow less. it and the feniale are listed b!. him (loc. cit.) inargins along pleural sutiires yelloiv: chaetotas!,: as part of the type material. In addition to the 2 T 6 dc. 2 3 acrs not renching hindniost dc. above, Frey's material in Helsinki included t\vo + O + 5 ¡a. 1 hu, 1 posthu. 2 ntpl. 4 scut. speciniens listed by him as belonging to ri(jui7, but which in fact are different species. One speci- W i n g : veins pale. darkening slightl! tonards men, (a feniale) labelled "Fuerteventura, Jable, apex; R2+3 and RJc5 converge to\\.ards wing . 222 Ebcier. hl. J., Palnearctic Adinuiosonza ..

t6 Le n g t h : niale 1.2 nini. feniale 1.4 nini. \ E t y m o 1 o ,o y. The nanie refers to the scutellum, \i.hich is distinctiveiy coloured in this species. hla terial esaniined. Holotype: 5. TLirkey. Denizli. Aci Gol niarsh. -!.vi¡ 1997. \l. J. Ehejer. N\í\\'.Paratypes: 2 5 and 2 1 sanie data and depository as holotype escspt 1;. AIJE.

D i s t r i b ii t i o n. Tiirke!..

Aphmiosoiiia seiiticoiisors Czern!; 1927

o\' \ bas Aplimiiosomn sciriicomon Czerny. 1927. Die Fliegen der Pa- dist Iiiarktischen Rsgion. Chiromyidae. 5( 1): 53. Typr locality: ' Aiistria. Kreriisniiinstsr. Gars. Types (3 females). KH\IW, exaniined. Lectot!,pe designation. Czerny's type series con- sists of the above three specimens. The one labellecl "Austr. inf. Gars, 12. 7. S7, Mik", is in good condition. It is hereby designated as lecto- type and the reniaining two syntypes should be regarded as paralectotypes. The specimen dated 23.5.09 is heaclless and the one dated 5. vi. 1909 is damaged on the abdomen and its sex is in doubt. Czeriiy's description was short and in come respects not clear. In view of the similari- ties between this species and several others a brief redescription may be helpful. Female Head: frons yellow, broader than long. in a ratio of 6:4. at leve1 of antennae 0.S tinies the Figs 68-70. Apliniiiosoma scirrellaris, sp. n.. holotype, mals. \\.idth of that at anterior ocellus: 5 orbitals, be- 6s. lateral view of hypopygiiim. 69. lateral view of pregenital steriiite. 70. sanie. ventral aspect coming progressively shorter from back to front, but only the posterior 3 are nell developed; several slightiy proclinate frontals of equal size and apex; R4+5and Mi+zparallel to wing margin and longer than the anterior orbitals: gena yellow; al1 at costa, distance between thern is 2 tinies that hairs and bristles on head brown: occiput,yellow; between tlie former two veins; distance between niouthparts and aritenna yellon.. arista black, crossveins is half length of posterior crossvein. onl!. basa1 part pale. Haltere yeiion~. Th o I' ;1 s : nisn yellow arid yellow dusted with Le g s : ~.ellon.last tarsal segnient brown; hind thr dark brown stripes someivhat obscured. the trochanter unmodified and black. middlz pair narronly separated. those along the supraalar lins narrow; chaetotas!,: 4 4 dc. the A b d o ni e 11 : al1 tergites black with very narro\\ + yeilon hind niargins of iiniform n-idth up to lat- last 2 \ve11 cir\.eloped: 6 short acrs. distance be- eral margin of tergites: pale haired. tn'eeri their ron's is a little niore than half that bet\i.een acrs and dc row, 1 hit, 1 posthu. 1 ihu, Pos t a b d o ni e n : viewd i/7 sitir with dorsal part O + 3 ia: scut and pleura largel!, !~liou~:mtn of surstylus visible as a sliiny dark spot on each black: side of pale cerci; dissected. the hypopygium is Ik'i n g : \.eins pale. distance behveen crossveins small with surstylus broad at base and distiphal- llis pale and "folded". 1 .S times the length of posterior crossvein; R2+3 and R4+5converge totvards apex, distance be- Fe m a 1e : similar to male but without secondary tween them on costa 0.4 times that between Rac5 sexual characters. and Mi+z: apical section of Cu 2.2 times the híitt. Xltis. Sai.kd. Bd.Discli. eiitoriiol. Z. 45 (1998) 2 223

. length of posterior crossvein. Haltere pale yel- reaching hindniost dc; another narrower stripe 1O \v. froni behind suture reaching as far as postalar bristle; chaetotasy: 7 acrs. rows irregular. widely Le g s : entirely !,ellow and pale haired separated and extending be).ond last dc; 1 long A b d o m e ii : tsrgites dark bronm ivith narrow dc in front of scut with 7 short bristles in front, pale posterior margins which broaden laterally 1 hu. 1 posthu. 2 notopl. 0+4 ia: hu. notopl area especialiy oii tergites 5-7. and scut yellon. mtn black. pleura yellow except for a triangle occupying lolver half of stpl. a Le n g t h : feniale 2.0 mni. small spot on ptpl below ning base and hypopl, hla terial esaniined. Austria, 1 >. inf. Gars. 12. 7. 87. which arc black: lmspl, lstpl in posterior upper hiik: 1 1. SLIP. Krenism.. 23.5. 09, 1 L. san12 data. but 5. vi. 1909. corner. and a vertical row of pale hairs on anterior part of stpl. Coniparing the types directly, 1 find only minor character differences between this species and lo- Wi n g : hyaline, relatively broad nith pale brown tif,-ons. These Ivould not normally justify placing veins: distance between crossteins oniy 1.2 times tliem in different tasa. However, since the males the length of posterior crossvein; R?+;, R4+s,and of both species are unkriown? 1 am obliged to more or less parallel in apical half: distance leave their status unchanged. on costa betLveen RZT3and RJ+jic 0.7 times that Known only from the type material. betueen RJi5 and apical section of Cu 2.5 times the length of posterior crossvein. Haltere D is t ri b u t i on. Austria. pale yellow.

Aphciniosomct seticciitciri, sp. n. Figs 71-72 A yellolv species with broad black niesonotal stripes and al1 frontal hairs of uniform length; one long dorsocentral and conspicuous long mar- ginal bristles on the apical abdominal segments. Male He ad: yellow. a little higher than long: frons longer than broad. at level of antennae 0.7 times the \vidth of that at level of anterior ocelliis: gena yellow and pale haired, broad. at anterior e!.e margin about half height of masimum verti- gon cal diameter of eye, which is oval ancl without anterior end being more narrowed tlian poster- c ior: lonsitudinal diameter about tnke length of \.ertical diameter: niouth parts and antenria entirel!. yelloiv: arista black: ocellar triangle broivnish \\.ith a black ring around each ocellus: occiput black \vith a narrow yellow postocular marsin beconiing broadei behind ixrtes: 3 orbitals. hindniost longest but iiot quite as long as distancs betn,een lateral ocellus and eye margin: anterior orbital ivith short palr hair in front: aboiit 10 frontal hairs. al1 niore or less equal in leiisth to niiddle orbital. 72 T h oras : predoniinantly yello\v: iiis~i lvith a broad black central stripe narrokving posteriorly and not quite reaching level of hindmost dc; lateral to this is a black stripe commencing at level Figs 71-72. Aplintiiosoiiio srricniidn, sp. n.. holotype, male. of hu and running between the dc and ia rows, 71, lateral \.iew of hypop)gium. 72, prepenital sternites .. Legs: yellow and yellon' haired, onl!. base of The specimen froni Alicante niap haw been hind cosa and last tarsal segment brolvn: hind compared nith Strobl's type by Czern!.. when he trochanter normal. considered sedi/icntiini a synonyni of qiind- rirzofcifiuii and it certainly fits the description. 1 A b d o ni e n : dark bro\vn bands occupying niost cannot iclentify it as any of the species listed in of lensth of tergites, but pale area becoming this paper. The genitalia, as stated by Strobl. are broadsr laterally: tergites 5 and 6 along entire indeed \.ery sniall - the sniallest in the genus so apical niargin \vith conspicuous fringe of long far. My deterniination of the specinien as sexli- golden bristles: terpite 6 ivith dark. narro\v, /iectiiiiii reniains pro\.isional pending the location strongly sclerotized ridge basally. conspicuous and esamination of the type. kvhich is thought to n.hen vie\ved ventrolaterally: cerci large and yel- be in Strobl's collection at Admont. Austria. Ion: betneen these and tergite 6 are a pair of Xlaterial esamined. Spiiin. 1 <. Alicante. Czcrny. date?, shiny bi-oivn patches. in SHXI\\'.

Po s t a b d o me n : vielved i/z sifii from belo\\: Di s t r i bu t i on. Spain. vith a pair of obvioiis "spoon-shaped" processes curved medially. Apficrriiosoiiicr sociuni Collin, 1949 Fe m a 1e : very similar to male, but without sec- Fig. 73 ondary sexual characters. Aplimiiosorwi sociiim Colliii, 1949. Annals ancl hfagazine of ríatiiral Histor!. 12(2): 132. Type locality: Great Britain, Es- Le n g t ti : niale 1.O nim, female 1.2 nini. ses. Typos in HCO. esamined. Etjmoiogy. Named for the charactei-istic appear- 1 have seen a series of this species from the ance of tlie tip of the abdomen. (Latin: seta. bris- Czech Republic. Also, two females (see above tle and cauda, tail). iinder /iigrohirfiim),thought to be part of Hen- M ate r i a I e s a 111 i n e d. Holotype: 5, Tiinisia. Tiinis. Sehkhet del's collection from Tunisia. belong to this spe- El Riana. 17. 1, 1995. hI. J. Ehejer. Nhl\\'. Paratypes: 36 cies. Howexr. because they are not specifically and 31 :. sanic data as holotype. rí'hlW; 3 5 and 2 E. saine labelled clata. hIJE: 4 < arid 2 1. snnie data. NHML: 1 < and 1 E. as originating in Tunisia, the occurrence Tabarka. duncs. 13. Y. 1995, P. Gatt. Nhl\\'; 1 2. Tabarka. Cap o€ this species in that country must reniain tenta- Negro. oak forest. iiinqiiis. 15. v, 1993. M. J. Ebojtr. NhIW: 1 tive. (See note under nieliteusis for identification <. Taharka. Ain Sohnh. dunss. 16. Y. 1993. P. Gatt. NMW;1 :. Tabarka. Ain Sobali. duiies. 16. v. 1995. hl. J. Ebejer. of feriiales). KYí\\': iI < and 7 1. Tiinis. Pon1 de Birerto. niarsli. i s t r i b ii t i 17. v, 1995. J. C. Demiiig. Khl\\': 1 < and 2 =. Tiiriis. Pont de D o n. Czech Repuhlic, Egypt. Great Bizxte. iiiarsh. 17. \'. 1993. hl. J. Ehejer. WXI\\'. Britain. '? Tunisia. D i s t r i b u t i o n. Tunisia. Aphrrriiosoiiicr soclcilis Collin, 1949

Apfimiiosoincr setigenrni Coliin, 1949 A/J//~f/~¡~~.S~~/~i~/sor/rr/i.s Coll¡ri, 19-19. Aiinals aiid hlagazine of Nattiral Histop 132): 1-10, Typc locality: Egypt. SÍ\va. Type ~~/J/r~r/rj/)s~)/jf~rJ('liguir1)r Collin. 1949. Aiiiinls and hlngazine in NHML. esiiiiiinctl. of Sattiriil Histor!.. l2(I): 1-12. Typc localit!: Egypt. Si\va. Typc in SHhlL, esaniinccl. Like ~~SSIII)~.this species may provo to be re- stricted to the Eastern Mediterranean. This species has ver!. long bristlss arid it cannot easily bs coiifusecl \\.ith any other species of D i s t r i bu t i o ti. Eg!.pt. Onian. Yemen Ap/in/zioso/izn.(see under /~[fiuiz).111 general ap- pea r a n ce i t re se ni b le s Ii (I mv z i. ni e di f fe re n ce s are givt.n in Ebejer (1996). It is kno\\.ri only Aphcrniosonier spcrtulertirni Ebcjer, 1993 from t hs holo t y pe . ,-l/~/r~r~rj~~~/)/~i~i.íycriirllrrii/rr Ebcjei-. 1993. Entoniologists D i s t r i b LI t i o 11. Eg!.pt. Xloiitlil!. Ll,iyziiie. 119: IIS. Typc locality: Xltilt'i. Type in K X I \\', An easily recognised species on accoiint of the Aph riii iosorii cr sexlin en tiriii St robl, 1906 unusual developnient of the hind trochanter in the niale and the large and characteristic surstyli. Aplio/iioso/m mhiecrrlrt/i Strobl. 1906 (1905). hlemorias de 13 Sociedad Real Española de Historia Natural de Madrid. The species is still only known from Malta, 3(5):373. T!pe locality: Spain. Alnieria. Type not esaiiiined. where it seenis to be uncommon. hlirt. hlus. Nnt.kd. Bd.. Dtscli. cntoriiol. 2. 45 (199s) 7 22.’; .. and dc: O+-4 ia. ver! sliort. 1 hu. 1 posthu, 2 f6 notopl: nitn black: pieura clark escept for the upper thircl of mspl and (riarrowly) the sutiires.

\Vi n g : veins broivn: distance between crosslreins more or less eyiial to length of posterior crossvein: R2-7 arid R4-5 con\.erge to\vards apes. distance benveen them on costa 0.4 tinies that be- f5 tween R4-5and Ali-?: apical section of CU 2.5 tinies the Isngth of posterior cross\.ein. Haitere 73 pale j.ellon.ish u,hite. L e g s : entire]!, !.ello\\. ancl yellow haired, hind st tibia diffusel!, clarkened at iniddle third: ventral apical bristle of middle tibia more prominent than usual. dark. aliiiost spine-Me; only iast tarsal segriient bronaish: hind trochanter normal. A b d o ni e n : tergites al1 dark brown: cerci well Fip. 73, A~/I~U~O.YOMIwci//ui Coliiii. malr. lateral vizn of hy- separated from each other and distinctly dar- popypiuni and prepenital strrriite kened aloiig their superior edge. Post a b d o ni e n : distinctive: pregenitai sternite Additioiial material esamined. Malta. 1 5, Ghadira. 5. v. 199-3. bl. J. Ehejer: 3 ;and 2 L. Gozo. Ramla duries. with long spine-iike process in the midline direc- 11. i\: 1994, J. \\’. Ismay. h.lJE. ted apically.

Dist r i bu t i on. Malta. Feniale: Unknonii: (see note under grisescetis). Length: niale 1.1 nini. Aphciiiiosonin spiniveiitris, sp. n. Figs 73-75 A dark species nith mesonotuni and scutellum uniformly grey. Froiis alniost parallel-sided and with a pair o€ long frontal bristles. Male He a d : yellon, with the frons longer than broad and alniost parallel-sided. at le\ el of antennae 0.8 times the nidth of that at leve1 of anterior ocellus: ocellar triangle black: occiput black escept for a narro\\ postocuiar marpin. but the black area estending on to the gena belon: at st 6 anterioi e!’e niargin gena onl!. 0.2 tinies the hsight of \wtical dianieter o€ eye. \\hich is o\ai and iiot narroned antsriorl!: antenna 1. elion vith arista blacl,. niouth parts !ello\\ lvith 2 sniall black spots 111 ths buccal cal’it! anteriori!.: 2 long hirid orbitals arid 2 short ones iii front: frons uith about 6 fine pals hairs apart froni the long pair in front of the ocellai- trian_ols. T h o r a x : iiniforml! clark _ore! froni anterior 75 niargin to tip o€ scut. only around the hindmost dc is there a hint of lighter grey. hu and notopl yellon; chaetotaxy: 3 + 5 dc, only the last strong. Figs 71-75. Aliliniii~~~i~icispiiriieiiftix, sp. n . holotjpe. niale. Others very-short, acrs* distante ‘heir 74. lateral \ir\\ of h!pop‘giuni 75 \entra1 \iex of prepenital 2 irregular rows equal to that between the acrs sternites 226 Ebsjrr. hi. J , Palaenrctic Apliaiiiosoi>in

Figs 76-79. Apliniiiosoriia rrise- tiirii, sp. n.. holotype, male. 76, posterodorsal view of phallapodeme. 77, lateral viea of hypopygiurn. 7S, pregeiiital %ternites. 79. posterior view of hypopy- dist ------u\ ‘st gium

E t y m o 1 og y. Named after the characterisitc sisth tergite in the male with three large, flat- shape of the pregenital sternite. (Latin: spiniis. tened bristles at the posterior comer on each spine or thorn and venter, belly). side. hía t 2 r i a I e s a 111 i n 2 d. Holot!pr: 5. Tunisin. Siliana. La:- Male sab. Oued. 11. \. 1995. tví. J. Ehsjsr. KJiiV. Head: yellow. frons about as long as broad, at D i s t r i b u t i o n. Tiinisia. antennas 0.7 times the width of that at anterior oceliiis; occiput brown at middle kvith yellow postocular margin and along stripe froni vertes Aphnniosoinn trisetunt, sp. n. a Figs 76-79 to neck; niouth parts and antenna yellow, black arista pale only at verp base; gena pale haired, A greyish yellow species nith a pair of long bris- 0.4 times the height of maximum vertical dia- tles on. frons and indistinct mesonotal stripes; ab- meter of eye, which is oval, oblique and hardly dominal tergites extensively pale at sides. The narrowed in front; 4 orbitals, posterior 2 ‘twice hlitt. h,ltis. Nat.kcl. Berl.. Dtscli. entoniol. Z. 45 (19%) 2 227 .. 3 length of anterior 2. S pale hairs on frons. pair in f5 front of ocellar triangle long. as long as hindmost \ orbital. Thorax: nisn grey in anterior half, but posteriorly breaking up into indistinct stripes, central pair reaching as far as hindmost acrs. lateral stripes as far as hindmost dc and that betiveen ia and margin of nisn as far as wing base: scut dull yello\vish: mtn black; mspl yellow on loiver quar- ter: stpl dark on lower two thirds, hypopl and spot beloby hu dark: chaetotaxy: 3 +5 dc, only hindmost long. with one in front of it half its st size, 5 acrs in 2 widely separated irregular ro'rvs, but distance between theni still less than that betiveen acrs and dc roivs. O + 3 ia, 1 liu, 1 posthu, 2 notopl, 1 nispl in upper third and 2 shorter Fig. SO. Apliariiosorun iiriicolor Hendel, male type; lateral ones in lower third of posterior margin, 1 stpl at \ iew of hypopygiurn (in situ) upper posterior corner and 4 shorter pale hairs in a vertical line at middle of stpl. Apli nn iosoni a unicolor Hend el, 1933 W i n g : veins brotvn, distance between crocsveins Fig. SO about equal to length of posterior crossvein (variable in paratypes). R?,; and RA+~converge Aphnriiosonzcr irtiicolor Hendel, 1933, Deutsche Entomolo- pische Zeitschrift. 1: 44. Type iocality: Central Asia, Chiva. at apex, distance between theni on costa 0.5 Types in ASRIP and NHXILL'. Examined the specimen in times that between R and M veins; apical section NHMW. of M-Cu 3.3 times the length of posterior cross- The holotype, a male, \vas said by Hendel to be vein. Haltere yellow in St. Petersburg. A male bearing the same data Legs: al1 yellow and yellon; haired, fifth tarsal label and exactly fitting the description was segment brownish; hind trochanter normal. found in Vienna. This is, most likely, one of the two paratypes. An illustration of the postabdo- A b d o m e n : tergites dark bronn with tergites men iiz sitii is given. 4-6 laterally yellow in apical half: tergite 6, beloiv at posterior corner on each side ivith 2 char- Additional material esamined. Uzbekistan. 1 2. acteristic. broad, pale bristles. Tashkent. alonp brook. 41'.15' N 69'.28' E, 19. \.. 1959, hl. Barták. h,íB: 1 C. Saniarkand. alonp river Zeravshan. 7,- -, ,r r>S, S 67'.04' E. 22. v. 19S9. kI. Bartik, MB: 2 g. Zerav- Pos t a b d o m e n : vieu.ed from behind \vith shiny ... N shan res.. deciduotis wood. 3S'..;S' N 67'.0S' E. 21-22. v. bronn patches adjacent to cerci, but no distin- 19S9, hl. Barták. hIB: 1 1. same data but 24. v. 19S9. hlB; guishing features. 1 C. sanie data. ME: 1 E. Arnankutan, pasture. 39',19'N 66'55' E. 1300ni. 23. v. 19S9. hl. Barták. MB: 1 C. same da&, Fe m a 1 e : as male. but head a little broader, oc- SSIO. ciput niore yellon and tergites 4-6 along niid- D i s t r i b LI t i o n. Uzbekistan. Czech Republic. line u.ith pale linear strsak.

Le 11 g t h : niale and feniale 1 nini. Aphnniosomn verecrrricluni, sp. n. E t !, ni o 1 og !.. Nanied after the three stout bris- Figs 81 -83 tles on the sisth tergite. (Latin: tri-. threz and seta. bristle). A jrellow species belonging to the group ivith 51 a t e r i a I esn ni i n e d. Holot!.pc.: j. Ttiniski. Solisse. Sidi \ve11 developed dorsocentrals. This species has no BOL^ Al¡. saltriiarsh. Y. v. 1995. 11. J. Ehejer. X11\\'. Paratypes: strong presutural intraalar, the hind trochanter is 9 3 and 9 1. sani? data as holotys. K\l\\.: 2 3. sanie data. without special de\.elopment and the surstyli are híJE: 3 < and Z I.sams data. KHhLL: 3 < and 7 .. Siliana. Lagsiib. oued. 11. v. 1995. hl. J. Ebzjer. K\l\\': 1 :. sanie inconspicuous. data. hlJE. Male Di s t r i b 11 tion. Tunisia. He a d : completely yellow; gena pale haired and about 0.5 times the height of vertical diameter of eye, which is only slightly oval; frons with 10 Ebcier. hl. J.. Palaearctic Ap,liwiioso/rrn .. tance betiveen them twice that between the for- rner t\vo Yeins: distance between crossveins twice that of posterior crossvein and apical part of Cu to \ving margin 2.6 tinies the length of posterior crossvein. Haltere yelloiv. Legs: yellow and with pale yellow hairs ivhich, ventrally on femora. are rather long. almost as long as the dianieter of respective feniur: fifth tarsal segment bron-n; hind trochanter normal. A b d o m e n : j-ellow and yellow haired with pale brown bands occupying about half the length of the proxirnal tergites; tergite 5 of normal length and tergite 6 less than half length of tergite 5. Pos t a b d o ni e n : viewed iiz situ, with no distin-

ccuisliing features escept the absence of lon,0 surstyli; dissected, the pregenital sternite is of characteristic saddle-shape with severa1 ver} fine hairs along lateral margin; phallus poorly sclerotised and more or less tubular with no distinguishing features. Fe rn a 1 e : similar to male but without secondary sexual characters. Len g t h: male 1.4 mm, female 1.6 mm. E t y m o 1 o g y. So named because of the absence o€ externa1 secondary sexual characteristics in the male. (Latin: verecundum, unostentatious).

hí a te I i a 1 e s a ni i n e d. Holotype: s", Turkey, Mugla, Dalyan Istuzii niarsh. 11. vi¡. 1997, bl. J. Ebejcr. NhlW. Paratypes: 9 and 5 1. sanie data and dzpository as holotypc: 3 and 2 L, sanic data hut hlJE: 1 5 and 4 f. sanie data. but NHhlL; 5 < and 5 L. Dsiiizli. Aci Gol marsh, 1. vi¡. 1997. Xí. J. Ebe- Figs S1 -S3, Aplimiiosotiici rerwiufdw~rsp. n.. holotype. niale. jer. NMW. 81. lateral viebv of hypopygiuni. 82. pregenital sternite. 83. sanie. lateral virw D i s t r i b u t i o n. Turkey. pairs of relatively Ion; hairs of equal length, 2 ApIiciiiiosonin Fittii Ebejer, 1996 strong orbitals; moiithparts and antenna al1 yel- c Ion; escept apical two thirds of arista, which is itp/rci/iiosoiiin jYr!ii Etwjer. 1996. Faiina of Saudi Arabia. 15: black. 295. Typc localit!. Yitti. Oman. Type iii NhN'. T h o r a s : conipletely yeliow \vith four sonien.hat A species u.ith a liighly distinctive postabdonien. darker yellow longitudinal stripes on nisn: mtn Knonm only froni the holotype. black: chaetotasx: 1 + 3 strong dc with 2 weak D i s t r i b u t i o n. Oiiian. short hairs in front of the anterior dc. O + 3 acrs. posteriorly reacliing only as far as niiclway betn'een the t\i'o central dc: 1 hu. 1 posthu. 2 ntpl. Aphcirtiosoiiiri zafiaremis Ebejer & Deeiiiing, O f 2 ia. 1 superior nispl \vith 2 shorter bristles 1997 bzlon: a \vertical ron' of 3 bristles in the anterior half of the stpl and 1 bristle at the upper hind corner. This is the only black species. knonm so far, Wi n g : veins yellow and costa with bristles which has a me11 developed presut dc. It \vas rather longer than is usual in the genus; Rzci reared from the iiest of a niouse. and R3+5 converge only slightly towards wing apex; RJc5 and parallel and at costa, dis- Di s t r i b u t ion. Spain. 1

1 hlitt. hltis. Nat.kd. Berl.. Dtsch. entoniol. Z. 45 (199s) 2 229 e .. 0 Aphnriiosomri sp., not azoricrriii Becher. T. 1903. Aegyptische Dipteren (Fortsetzunp und Schluss). - hlitteilungen aus derii Zoolopischen Museum Materia I ex a m i ned. Azores. 1 5. S. hlipuel. Furnas. in Berlin 2: 67-195. 23. VII. 1. WiI. Frey: (specinien number: 1277). in ZhlUH. - 1901. Die Dipterengattung Peleropliiln Hapenbach. - Zeitschrift für Systematische Hynienopterolopie und Dip- This specimen from Frey's collection carries a trrologie 4 (-3): 129-133. deterniination label of '.o:oi.iciui?" but it is Carles-Tolrá. ll. 1992. Sew and interesting records of Dip- tera Acalyptrata from Spain. Part 11: Heleomyzidae. Tris- neither one of the types nor is it azoricirm ac- oscelididaz. Chyrornyidae. Curtonotidae. Camillidae. Dia- cording to Frey's interpretation of that species statidae and Canipiclioetidae. - Graellsia 48: 19-24. both in his description and in his illustration. Cogan. B. H. 19S0. Famil! Chyroniyidae. pp. 618-629. íii Crosskey R. \\'. (ed.). Catalogue of the Diptcra of the The postabdomen of this male can be exam- Afrotropical Region. London. 1137 pp. ined for severa1 features \vithout dissection: the Collin. J. E. 1949. On Palaearctic Species of the Genus Aphaniosoma. - Annals and hlagazins of Natural His- top of tergite 6 is bent through 90 degrees rela- tory (12) 2: 117-1-17. ti\.e to tergite 5. very similar to that of irnicolor Czerny. L. 1927. Chironiyiclae: pp.. 51-54. /ti Lindner E. (fig. SO). but the latter has very large yellow sur- (ed.). Die Fliegen der Palfiai-ktisclien Region. Band 5. 5-Tc. Stuttgart. styli; in the species from the Azores the disti- - 1929. Zu.ei neue Cliii.otii!.ici-Arteii aus Spanisn. - Kono- phallus is large, loiig and subcylindrical. more 8 (1): 95-96. like that of rufim than that of o,-orici/tii as illu- Ebejer. hí. J. 1993. The Chyroniyidae of Xlalta bvitli clescrip- tions of neu species of Aphaniosoma (Dipt.. Schizophora). strated by Frey (loc. cit.). the surstyli are small - Entomologists llonthly Magazine 129: 125-1-33. and slender but strongly curved apically. with the - 1995. Sorns records of Aphaniosoma (Dipt. Chyromyi- concavity posteriorly. No structure can be seen da?) from Greece tvith descriptions of four new species. - Entoniologists Monthly hlapaziiie 131: 199-205. which reniotely resembles a gonostylus with - 1996 Chyroriiyiclae (Diptera: Schizophora) frorn the Ara- hairs along the posterior margin. Such a struc- bian Peninsiila nith descriptions of twelw nra. species. - ture is shown in Frey's illustration attached to Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 280-799. Ebejer. hl. J. R J. C. Dceniing 1997. Chyroniyidae (Dipt.. the lower margin of the tergite. The tergites are Schizophora) ne\v to Spain with descriptions of tlie adiilt very dark brown in the anterior half to two and piipariuni of a new species of Aphaniosonia. - Ento- thirds, contrasting with the very pale posterior mologists Monthly h'lagazine 133: 157-360. Ebejer, hI. J. & J. Rohacek 1995. New records of Chyroniyi- margin. iinlike al1 tlie other specimens of nzori- dae (Diptcra) frorn ths Czech Republic and Slovakia. - CI~,where the separation of these colours is dif- Casopis Slezského Zeniského Muzea Opava (A) 4-1: fuse, with the pale bro\vn bands broader at the 167-170. Frey. R. 195Sa. Kanarische Diptera brachycera p.p.. von Ha- niiddle than at the sides. 1 have no doubt that kan Lindbcrg gesamnielt. - Societas Scientiarum Fenni- this is a different species. but it being the only ca: Coninientatioiies Biolonicae 17 (1):1-63, specimen 1 prefer not to dissect the abdomen - 195Yh. Zur kenntni.;. der Diptera brachycera p.p. der Kap\ erdischrn Inselii. - Societas Scientiaruni Fennica: and until further material beconies available for Coliiliient~ifi~1iiesBiolwjcae 1s (4): 1-61, study 1 ani leaving it iinnanied. Hardy. D. E. 11. D. Delfinado 19Sí). Chyroniyidae. pp. 172-17s. 1,i lnsects of Haivaii. \'o1 13. Diptera: Cyclor- rhapha 111. Series Schizophora. Scction Acalyptsrae. es- clusi\.s of Faniil!. Di-osophilidae. Honolulii. 451 pp, . Ackno~vlerlgenients Heiidsl. F. 191-3. H. Sauter's Foiniosa-Ausbetitr. Acalyptrate hliiscidcn (Dipt.) 11. - Stipplenienta Entomologica 2: I \\oiild like to espress rny sincere gratituds to the follo\ving 77- 1 17. c pcrsoiir u ho nide a\.ailablc. to nie type and otlier iiiaterial - 19-33. h'eue acalyptrate lluscitlen atis der Paliiarktischen in their care or in their personal collections: Dr. hl. Carles- Reyion (Dipt.). - Drutsche Entoiiiologijclie Zeitschrift ToIrA. Barcslona. Dr. R. C»ntrc.rns-Liclitenbery. hatiiral His- (1): 39-36. tory lluseuni. I'ieniia. \Ir. J. C. Deeniing. Katioiial Xlusetini Lanih. C. G. 1914, Thi. Prrcy Sladeii Trust eKpedition to the of \\'des. Carcliff. Dr. C. XIacGai in. Hqie Entoniological Iniiiiclae. hlicro- Al. BartLík. PrLiytie. Dr. J. Roli6cc.k. Silesiiiii llusctini. Opa~a. pczicLie. Drox>pliilidiie. Gt.oiiiyzitlae. .\lilichiiclne. - Dr. P. Gatt. Xlnlta. Dr. J. Isniii!. Hope Entoiiiol«gical Collec- Trriiisnctiorij of tlic Liniixan Society of Loiidoii (2nd scr- tions. Osford. Dr. P. \'ilkaniaa. hluietiiii of Zoology. L'iiiver- ie5. Zooloyh ) 16: .307--;72. si[!. of Helsinki. Dr. H. \\\;.ndt. hluwirii of Satura1 History. Loen. H. IS73. Dipterii Sola. iii Pannonin inferior¡ et in Hunibolilt Cni\.ersity. Bsrliii. coiifinibiis Daciar regionibus a Fcrd. ko\\arzio capta. - B t: rl iii C' I' E ii t O 111 O l~giScli e Zr i t Xli rift 1 7: 32 - 52. Lyneborg. L. 197-3. Oii soiiis Chyroiiiyidac froni Soiithern Spiin. \\ itli deisripti»n of tlirec. nsw sp~'siesof Aphanio- References somi (Insscta. Diptsra). - Stecristrupiii 3: 31-36, XlcAlpine. J.F. 1965. Chyroiiiyidite,. pp. SZI--S71. 1n A Cata- Andersson. H. 1971. The S\r.rdish species of Chyroniyidae logue of the Diptera of Anicrica North of llesico. United (Diptera). \vith Iectotype desigiiations. - Entoiiiologisk States Depirtnient of Agriciilttire. li'aihin=ton DC. Tidskrift 91: 95-99. 1696 pp. - 1976. Cli!,roirij,n niilndne n. sp. froni Czechoslovakia - l9S7. Faniily Chyromyiclae 91. pp. 9S5-9SS. Iti hlcAlpine (Diptera: Chyromyidae). - Entornologica Scanclinavica 7: J. E (ed..) hIanual of Nearctic Diptera Lól. 2. Research 1S7 - lS9. Brancli Agriculture Canada hlonograph 28: 675-1332. c 2-30 Ebrier. bl, J.. Palaearctic Ap/ioriioso,,ici .' ' ', a Pitkin. B. R. 19S9. 95 Family Chyroniyidae, p. 600. Iri Even- - 19S-I. Faniiiy Chyroniyidae. pp. 56-60. tti Soós A. & huis K. L. (ed.). Catalog of the Diptera of the Australa- L. Papp (eds.). Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 10: sian and Oceanian Regions. Speciai publications of the Clusiidae - Chloropidae. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museurn 86: 1155 pp. 402 pp. Smith. K. G. V. 19S9. An Introduction to the Irnrnature Steyskal. G. C. 1977. Farnily Chyrornyidae. p. 240. In Delfina- Stages of British Fiies. - Handbook for the Identification do h.1. D. ti D. E. Hardy (eds.). A Catalog of the Diptera of British Insects 10 (11). London. 2SO pp. of the Oriental Region. Vol 111. Suborder Cyclorrhapha Soós. A. 1979. Einige neue Acaiyptraten Xlusciden aus der (exciuding Division Aschiza). University Press of Hawaii. Paliiarktischen Resion (Diptera). - Acta Zoologica Honoiuiu. X + S5-t pp. Acaderniae Scientiarum Hungaricae XXV. 3-4: Strobl. G. 1906. Spanische Dipteren 11. Beitrag. - Memorias 309-414. de la Sociedad Real Española de Historia Katural de Ma- Soós. A. 19Sla. Ap/intiiosot?ia Iiiirignricirtri sp. n., a new drid. 3 (5). (1905): 271-322. Chyromyid species frorn Hungary (Diptera: hluscidae Wheeler. T. A. R: B. J. Sinclair 1991. Chyrornyidae (Diptera) acalyptratae). - Foiia Entomoiogica Hungarica 42 (2): froni the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador: three new species 1S5- 1S6. of Aphaniosonia Becker. - Proceedings of the Entomolo- - 19Slb. {ti Papp L. R: A. Soós (eds.). Fauna Hungariae. gical Society of Washington 96 (3): 410-453, Diptera: Heieomyzidae-Tethinidae.XV, (5): SS.