Amgk Newsletter Dec 2017
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Goldfish Morphology As a Model for Evolutionary Developmental Biology
Overview Goldfish morphology as a model for evolutionary developmental biology Kinya G. Ota* and Gembu Abe Morphological variation of the goldfish is known to have been established by artificial selection for ornamental purposes during the domestication process. Chinese texts that date to the Song dynasty contain descriptions of goldfish breeding for ornamental purposes, indicating that the practice originated over one thousand years ago. Such a well-documented goldfish breeding process, combined with the phylogenetic and embryological proximities of this species with zebrafish, would appear to make the morphologically diverse goldfish strains suitable models for evolutionary developmental (evodevo) studies. How- ever, few modern evodevo studies of goldfish have been conducted. In this review, we provide an overview of the historical background of goldfish breed- ing, and the differences between this teleost and zebrafish from an evolutionary perspective. We also summarize recent progress in the field of molecular devel- opmental genetics, with a particular focus on the twin-tail goldfish morphology. Furthermore, we discuss unanswered questions relating to the evolution of the genome, developmental robustness, and morphologies in the goldfish lineage, with the goal of blazing a path toward an evodevo study paradigm using this tel- eost species as a new model species. © 2016 The Authors. WIREs Developmental Biology pub- lished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. How to cite this article: WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:272–295. doi: 10.1002/wdev.224 INTRODUCTION processes of goldfish strains have been documented by authors in many different countries using different fi – he gold sh (Carassius auratus) is a well-known, languages.1 9 Of these reports, the descriptions by Tornamental, domesticated teleost species, which Smartt2 are the most up-to-date and cover the widest consists of a number of morphologically divergent range of the literature. -
Transparency and Mottling, a Case of Mendelian Inheritance in the Goldfish Carassius a Uratus” Shisan C
TRANSPARENCY AND MOTTLING, A CASE OF MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN THE GOLDFISH CARASSIUS A URATUS” SHISAN C. CHES Biologic01 Laboratory, the Scieiice Society of China, Nanking, China TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE IVrRODUCTION. 434 Material and methods 435 Yarrative of the experiments 436 Terminology and symbols 439 Data of breeding experiment4 440 The manifold effects. 445 \Thy transparent fish are rare 446 Somatic mutations, 447 Review of literature and comparison with other cases 449 SI~AEKARY.. 450 IJTTFRAT~XECITl I) .. 4 50 INTRODUCTION In the spring of 1924 I made a preliminary study of the heredity of goldfish by crossing various breeds of goldfish and mating domesticated breeds of goldfish with the wild goldfish. During the progress of this preliminary study I noticed that the inheritance of one of the characters under investigation was rather simple. This character was called “transparent scale” in my previous paper (CHEN1925). The goldfishes of this breed have only a few normal scales, the remainder of the body being apparently naked. The apparently naked part of the body is really covered by scales which, on account of the lack of a layer of reflecting tissue on their inner side, are as trans- parent as glass. This breed of goldfish is called LLshubunkin’’in Japan (MATRUBAKA1908) and is known as “calico” in the United States (INNES1917). Beginning in the spring of 1925 I started more extensive experiments to investigate the mode of inheritance of this character, “transparent sca1e”or “calico.” In the summer of 1925 I obtained enough evidence to prove that the inheritance of this character is Mendelian. -
Goldfish Care Sheet
Goldfish Care Sheet brought in during winter in harsh climates. In aquariums, adult common Often Overlooked goldfish, comets and shubunkins should have at least 20 gallons of One of the most common fish in the aquarium hobby, goldfish belong water per fish, while adult fancy goldfish should have at least 10 gallons to the Family Cyprinidae and are native to eastern Asia. They are related per adult fish. The filter should be slightly over-sized to accommodate to – but not the same as – carp, and were first domesticated from food high waste production and additional aeration is recommended at fish in China over 1,000 years ago. Goldfish can be distinguished from warmer temperatures. Larger goldfish will eat most live plants with the koi and common carp by the absence of barbels or “whiskers” in the possible exception of Cryptocorynes, Java fern and Anubias, although corners of their mouth. Through selective breeding, many “fancy” they may uproot even these. Avoid decorations with sharp edges and goldfish strains sporting different body shapes, colors and fin types are abrasive rocks such as lava and tufa, which may tear delicate fins as well available today. They include comets, shubunkins, fantails, orandas, as eye sacs on bubble eyes, celestial eyes, moors and telescopes. Goldfish ryukins, moors, telescope eyes, celestial eyes, bubble eyes, butterfly tails, like to forage in the substrate, so avoid jagged or crushed glass gravel. pearlscales, wakins, lionheads, ranchus and many more. Orandas, Provide adequate water flow, but avoid strong currents. lionheads and ranchus develop a crown of fatty tissue, called hood growth, over their heads that in mature fish may completely cover their Behavior/Compatibility eyes! Fancy goldfish can become stunningly beautiful and command extremely high prices. -
Caring for Your Goldfish
Adding a Goldfish to a Cleaning Your Fish Bowl Dirty fish bowls not only look bad, they Bowl or Aquarium Caring for Now it’s time to put your new Goldfish in are also unhealthy for fish. By following a their new home! Whenever fish are netted few simple maintenance steps your fish Your and handled, their protective slime coat is bowl will always look beautiful. The following steps are an ideal regiment for rubbed off. When adding fish to any keeping your fish bowl looking great. Goldfish aquarium, be sure to add additional water conditioner to help relieve stress. The best To keep your fish healthy, you should method to add new fish is to float the unopened bag of fish in their new home change at least half of the water in your for 10 minutes to allow the fish to adjust Goldfish bowl or aquarium every 3 days. Follow these easy steps: to the water temperature. Then, open the bag and gently release the fish into their 1. Fill a separate container with tap water. Mix hot and cold tap water new home. The bag water may contain fish waste (ammonia), so try to avoid until it is the same temperature as adding the bag water to the aquarium. the water your Goldfish is swimming in. 2. Add a water conditioner to the tap water to remove the disinfectants Feeding Your Fish that are toxic to your fish. It is best to feed your Goldfish only 3. Add the aquarium salts and test the enough food that it can eat in five pH level, adjusting the pH level as minutes. -
TOP-VIEW GOLDFISH: the OTHER PERSPECTIVE Steve Hopkins
TOP-VIEW GOLDFISH: THE OTHER PERSPECTIVE Steve Hopkins By some accounts, there are over three hundred varieties of goldfish. These can be grouped in various ways such as by tail type, presence or absence of head growth, presence or absence of dorsal fin, eye shape, etc. They can also be grouped based on a whether they were bred and selected to be viewed from the top or viewed from the side. Originally, all goldfish were kept in shallow ponds, ceramic bowls or other containers and viewed from the top. Considering the thousand-year history of goldfish keeping, the glass aquarium is a relatively new innovation which did not come into use until about 150 years ago. However, being able to easily view goldfish from the side through glass has undoubtedly influenced what characteristics are selected for and impacted the development of new varieties. Today, the goldfish hobbyists are a diverse group. While most goldfish are destined for the home aquarium and represent an indoor diversion, goldfish ponds, tubs and goldfish in the water garden continue to increase in popularity. When choosing a goldfish, it is important to consider how it will be viewed and select a variety which is appropriate for the setting in which it will be displayed. In selecting a top-view goldfish, remember that they are typically seen against a dark background. It does not matter what color your tub or pond was when it was new, over time the surfaces will become covered with algae and other growth and appear dark green to black. Without doubt, red and white metallic-scale goldfish provide the contrast to display best against a dark background. -
News 106 Prototyp
2 NEWS 107 Inhalt Impressum Once again: Dwarf cichlids from Lake Malawi 3 Preview: Herausgeber: Wolfgang Glaser News No 108 Chefredakteur: Dipl. -Biol. Frank Schäfer Two of the best algae eaters..... will appear on KW 37/38 2013 Redaktionsbeirat: Thorsten Holtmann but who knows their names? 4 Volker Ennenbach Dont miss it! Dr. med. vet. Markus Biffar Sea water: As useful as lovely 9 Thorsten Reuter Tropheus sp. Kasanga 13 Levin Locke Manuela Sauer Golden fishes 16 Dipl.- Biol. Klaus Diehl Layout: Bärbel Waldeyer The Neon Tetra 20 Chinese Softshell Turtles 39 Übersetzungen: Mary Bailey Water chemistry (4) 26 New characins from South Ame - Gestaltung: Aqualog animalbook GmbH Frederik Templin A weather-forecasting frog 30 rica 43 Titelgestaltung: Petra Appel, Steffen Kabisch Red runners with little collars 34 Druck: Bechtle Druck&Service, Esslingen Gedruckt am: 22.4.2013 Anzeigendisposition: Aqualog animalbook GmbH Wollen Sie keine Ausgabe der News versäumen ? und Verlag Liebigstraße 1, D-63110 Rodgau Tel: 49 (0) 61 06 - 697977 Werden Sie Abonnent(in) und füllen Sie einfach den Abonnenten-Abschnitt aus Fax: 49 (0) 61 06 - 697983 und schicken ihn an: Aqualog Animalbook GmbH, Liebigstr.1, D- 63110 Rodgau e-mail: [email protected] http://www.aqualog.de Hiermit abonniere ich die Ausgaben 106-109 (2013) zum Preis von €12 ,- für 4 Ausgaben, (außerhalb Deutschlands € 19,90) inkl. Porto und Verpackung. All rights reserved. The publishers do not accept liability for unsolicited manuscripts or photographs. Articles written by named authors do not necessarily represent the editors’ Name opinion. Anschrift ISSN 1430-9610 Land I PLZ I Wohnort Ich möchte folgendermaßen bezahlen: auf Rechnung Visa I Mastercard Prüf.- Nr.: Kartennummer: gültig bis: Name des Karteninhabers (falls nicht identisch mit dem Namen des Abonnenten) Wie und wo erhalten Sie die News ? Jeder Zoofachhändler, jede Tierarztpraxis und jeder Zoologische Garten kann beim Aqualog-Verlag ein Kontingent der NEWS anfordern und als Kundenzeitschrift auslegen. -
Fancy Goldfish
Fancy Goldfish The term "Fancy” refers to goldfish that have been specifically bred to enhance certain colours, patterns and or body characteristics when compared with more orthodox or simply shaped goldfish, such as the comet. They are extremely popular with many enthusiasts as they offer some of the most unique and interesting coldwater fish available. As outlined below these fancy goldfish include; celestials, lionheads, pearlscales and orandas to mention just a few. Even though they exhibit many different colour patterns and body characteristics, they are all the one species, Carassius auratus. The domesticated dog Canis lupus familiaris is another great example of this, with a large amount of diversity all originating from the same species. The ancient Chinese kept goldfish some 1600 years ago. The original wild and drab coloured fish were selectively bred to enhance the fishes colour and finage, a practise continuing to this day. Over time breeders have developed many types of unusual or fancy goldfish. While fancy goldfish have the same water quality requirements as standard goldfish, such as comets and fantails, they are generally more sensitive to water quality fluctuations and require regular aquarium maintenance to ensure they remain in good health. Fancy goldfish are more susceptible to suffering from vitamin deficiencies when compared with standard varieties, so it is recommend to include vegetable based foods in their diet. Aquarium Industries Naturals Range Frozen Leafy Spinach is ideal, as it also includes essential vitamins and minerals. Aquatic plants are also a good addition. Common Fancy Varieties Orandas Ranchus Body short and globular. Fins well developed and long. -
Basic Goldfish Terms & Concepts
Goldfish Varieties – Odds & Ends By Peter J. Ponzio In the original article for this series, we defined a number of characteristics common to all goldfish, and introduced the concept of goldfish varieties, or different types of goldfish. Each subsequent article would provide detailed guidelines to appreciate and understand the characteristics of each variety recognized by the Goldfish Society of America (GFSA). Line Art for the GFSA standards has been provided courtesy of Merlin Cunliffe. The prior articles of this series covered all the varieties recognized by the GFSA, and now the American Goldfish Association (AGA). Goldfish are quite variable, however, and new combinations of fish are being introduced constantly. Some of these combinations will not catch-on to become established varieties, while others languish because they are not regularly seen in this country. In terms of classification at goldfish shows, most of these fish are placed in the “Other” category, and do well in that grouping. In order for these fish to win major awards, they must be quite exceptional in order to place before the traditional varieties of goldfish. We’ll divide this article up into varieties that are established, but not frequently seen in the U.S., and varieties which are truly new combinations of features, some of which might catch-on and others which might be viewed as one-off attempts at a new variety. Most new types of goldfish originate in China, and more recently, in Thailand. The Chinese seem to enjoy combining various goldfish characteristics in new patterns, mixing dorsal fins on fish that we consider dorsal-less, or adding head-growth and eye characteristics on one fish. -
NUTRAFIN Nr.4-USA 22-03-2004 10:29 Pagina 1
NUTRAFIN Nr.4-USA 22-03-2004 10:29 Pagina 1 Aquatic News 2,50 US$/3,50 Can$/2,50 Euro/2 £/5 Aus$ £/5 2,50 US$/3,50 Can$/2,50 Euro/2 ÉÄw@ÉÄw@ ZZ y|á{xáy|á{xá #4 Issue #4 - 2004 Issue NUTRAFIN Nr.4-USA 22-03-2004 10:29 Pagina 2 DO YOU KNOW THE FACTS OF LIGHT? A strong, vibrant light is essential to the growth and health of your aquarium. This much you probably already know. But did you know that the average fluorescent tube loses LIFE-GLO 2 High-noon spectrum for aquariums, terrariums & vivariums about 50% of its lighting output quality within one year? This results in a distorted spectrum, inefficient plant and coral growth, and less intense fish colors. POWER-GLO Promotes coral, invertebrate and plant growth GLO offers a wide variety of tubes for every aquarium setup. They also provide you with a re- minder sticker to place either directly on the tube AQUA-GLO Intensifies fish colors and promotes plant growth or on the aquarium itself to remind you when it’s time to replace the bulb. FLORA-GLO Optimizes plant growth Or, if you prefer, sign up online at www.hagen.com and we’ll send you a reminder when it’s time. MARINE-GLO Promotes marine reef life So, replace your tubes regularly. You’ll love the results and your fish will love their home. SUN-GLO General purpose aquarium lighting NUTRAFIN Nr.4-USA 22-03-2004 10:29 Pagina 3 Editorial Editorial Dear Reader, "silent as a fish in water", fishes The first three issues of can communicate, often better NUTRAFIN Aquatic News than people.. -
Aquariums— Getting Into the Swim by Diane G
Aquariums— Getting Into the Swim By Diane G. Elliott i^ well-maintained aquar- ums—from familiar rectangu- ^% ium makes an attractive lar tanks to more fanciful addition to a home, office or shapes such as hexagons and classroom and can provide globes—is available to the hours of fish-watching enjoy- aquarist. The selection of a ment. Numerous species and particular aquarium shape is varieties of ornamental fish partly a matter of esthetics, are available to suit almost but not all aquariums of the any budget and taste. Modern same water capacity have the aquarium products have made same fish-holding capacity. ornamental fish-keeping in- The area of water exposed creasingly simple. to the air is perhaps the most A basic knowledge of the important factor for determin- principles of aquarium main- ing the number of fish an tenance can help to make an aquarium can safely hold. A aquarist's fish-keeping experi- shallow 15-gallon tank with a ences enjoyable and reward- large air surface area can hold ing. The following discussion more fish than a tall 15-gallon focuses on general procedures tank with little surface area. for setting up and maintain- The best size of aquarium ing a freshwater aquarium, to select depends on your but some of the general prin- budget, personal preference, ciples apply to marine aquari- available space, and—perhaps ums as well. most important—the types of A bewildering array of fish to be kept. In practice, fol- glass and Plexiglas aquari- lowing initial setup, routine maintenance required for a Diane G, Elliott is Fishery Biolo- large aquarium is about the gist, National Fisheries Research same as for a small one. -
4-22-19 Blue Ridge Koi Availability
Premium Select Koi Sale 15% off 6-8” Premium Select Koi $20.49 each after discount 15% off 12-14” Premium Select Koi $86.28 each after discount * Pictures representative of quality available. Exact fish not pictured. Blue Ridge Koi's 2019 UPS Fish Rates # of Full Boxes of Koi, Butterfly Koi, Goldfish, Catfish, Snails, Tadpoles, Crayfish and Orfe 1 to 3 4 or more 1 to 3 4 or more Price Per Box For All Boxes In Shipment Price Per Box For All Boxes In Shipment AL $60.00 $35.00 NC $35.00 $25.00 AR $60.00 $35.00 ND $70.00 $40.00 AZ $70.00 $40.00 NE $70.00 $40.00 CA $70.00 $40.00 NH $60.00 $35.00 CO $60.00 $35.00 NJ $60.00 $35.00 CT $60.00 $35.00 NM $60.00 $35.00 DE $60.00 $35.00 NV $70.00 $40.00 FL $60.00 $35.00 NY $60.00 $35.00 GA $60.00 $35.00 OH $60.00 $35.00 IA $60.00 $35.00 OK $60.00 $35.00 ID $70.00 $40.00 OR $70.00 $40.00 IL $60.00 $35.00 PA $60.00 $35.00 IN $60.00 $35.00 RI $60.00 $35.00 KS $60.00 $35.00 SC $35.00 $25.00 KY $35.00 $25.00 SD $60.00 $35.00 LA $60.00 $35.00 TN $35.00 $25.00 MA $60.00 $35.00 TX $60.00 $35.00 MD $60.00 $35.00 UT $70.00 $40.00 ME $60.00 $35.00 VA $35.00 $25.00 MI $60.00 $35.00 VT $65.00 $35.00 MN $60.00 $35.00 WA $70.00 $40.00 MO $60.00 $35.00 WI $60.00 $35.00 MS $60.00 $35.00 WV $35.00 $25.00 MT $70.00 $40.00 WY $70.00 $40.00 Please note - 1. -
FL 57. Care of Goldfish
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE Branch of Fish Hatcheries Leaflet FL- 57 Washington 25, D. C. Revised February 1962 CARE OF GOLDFISH HISTlW- Though now found in almost every country in the world, i n captivity and out, the goldfish, Carassius auratus, originated in easter n China as a red mutation of a normally greenish-silvery fish closely rel a ted to and generally resembling the carp. With the carp and many other smaller freshwater fishes including the "barbs" so well-known to t ropical fiSh hobbyists, the goldfish belongs to the great family Cyprinida e which, oddly enough, is found much more abundantly in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern. Xanthic, or orange, color mutations occasionally occur among a variety of wild fishes including the carp its elf, but a s i n the case of albinos , or pure white fishes, these do not oft en live to reproduce their kind under natural conditions, since t heir conspicuous appearance makes them easy t argets for predat ors. In captivity, on the other hand, goldfishes have been bred for many centuries and, by t aking advantage of certain additional mutations of a hereditary character, the breeders have produced a number of odd and colorful varieties , i ncl uding some with odd scales, double tails and fins, no s cales at all, or with certain fins missing altogether, shortened backbones , and enlarged eyes. Though known in the Orient for centuries, the goldfish is a com paratively recent arriv ~ l to the western world.