Pierre Magistretti, MD

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Professor Magistretti received his MD in 1979 from the University of Geneva and his PhD in Biology in 1982 from UCSD. He is Distinguished Professor and Dean of the Division at Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering at KAUST, Professor Emeritus at the Brain Mind Institute at EPFL and at the Department of Psychiatry at UNIL/CHUV. Pierre J. Magistretti’s laboratory has discovered some of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the coupling between neuronal activity and energy consumption by revealing the key role that glial cells, in particular astrocytes, play in this physiological process. These findings are particularly relevant for understanding the origin of the signals detected by functional brain imaging, and are revealing a role of astrocytes in neuronal plasticity and neuroprotection. He is the author of over 240 publications in international peer-reviewed journals and has given over 70 invited lectures during the past five years. He has been elected at the International Chair 2007-2008 of the Collège de France, Paris. He is a member of Academia Europae and of the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences. Among other recognitions, Pierre Magistretti has been awarded the Camillo Golgi Medal Award, the Emil Kraepelin Professorship, the Goethe Award of the Canadian Psychological Association and the Ott Prize of the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences. Recently, he shared with David Attwell and Marcus Raichle the 2016 IPSEN Foundation Prize. Pierre Magistretti is an honorary member of the Chinese Association of Physiological Sciences. He is the Past-President of the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS) and Past‐ Secretary General of the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO) of which he is now President since 2014. He is on the Board of Trustees of HFSPO and a Fellow of the American College of Psychopharmacology. He is and has been a member of several academic scientific advisory boards including the Research Council of the Swiss National Science Foundation. He is the Vice- Chairman of the European Dana Alliance for the Brain (EDAB) since 2002 and is a member of the Dana Alliance for Brain Initiatives (DABI) and in this capacity he is strongly engaged in the public understanding of neuroscience. .

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Curriculum Vitae
CURRICULUM VITAE Name Pierre J. MAGISTRETTI Date of birth September 30, 1952 Citizenship Swiss Marital status Married to Christine E. Naville Three children: Ambroise (1984), Bérénice (1987) and Henri (1990) Professional address Brain Mind Institute, EPFL CH-1015 Lausanne (Switzerland) Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900 (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) E-mail: [email protected] EDUCATION 1982 Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Biology (Ph.D.), University of California at San Diego, (Advisors: Drs Floyd E. Bloom and Silvio Varon) 1979 Doctorat en Médecine (M.D.), University of Geneva 1977 Diplôme Fédéral de Médecin, University of Geneva Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates Examination 1970 Maturité Fédérale Type A (Classical studies). MAIN POSITIONS HELD 2012 - Distinguished Professor, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, KAUST, Thuwal 2005 - Professor, Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) 2004 – 2012 Professor, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry University of Lausanne Medical School and Hospitals (UNIL-CHUV) 2008 - 2012 Director, Brain Mind Institute, Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne (Joint appointment with UNIL-CHUV) 2005 - 2008 Co-Director, Brain Mind Institute, Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne (Joint appointment with UNIL-CHUV) 2001 - 2003 Chairman, Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne Medical School (Co-Chairman in 2004) 1996 - 2000
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La Passion Pour La Recherche
DES GENS DES PASSIONS Le professeur Pierre Magistretti La passion pour la recherche CATHY PREMER Pierre Magistretti est un passionné de recherche. INTÉRÊT POUR LE FONCTIONNEMENT DU Les résultats de ses travaux ont permis des CERVEAU avancées conséquentes notamment dans le Très vite il montre un vif intérêt pour le domaine de la protection des neurones. Ce médecin fonctionnement du cerveau. Sa passion et neurobiologiste, né de parents médecins milanais, pour la recherche l’amène à explorer de étudie à Milan jusqu’à ses 10 ans. Il poursuit ensuite nouveaux champs. Il entame un doctorat en sa scolarité à Crans-Montana et retourne en Italie, neurosciences à l’Université de Californie cette fois à Rome où il finit ses études secondaires. à San Diego. Lors de sa thèse il découvre Grandissant dans un terreau scientifique, sa mère les fonctions des cellules non neuronales ayant beaucoup de contacts internationaux, cette (cellules gliales), qui détectent quand les dernière lui fait rencontrer des personnes de référence, neurones sont actifs et leur fournissent quelques prix Nobel de médecine. Pierre Magistretti de l’énergie à la demande. Ses travaux retournera en Suisse pour étudier la médecine à ont permis entre autres de comprendre l’Université de Genève. l’origine des signaux qui sont détectés par | 12 | DES GENS DES PASSIONS les techniques d’imagerie cérébrale fonctionnelle et certains mécanismes de la plasticité neuronale liée au processus de mémoire ; de développer des molécules qui puissent agir pour protéger les neurones, activité qui fait l’objet d’une start-up, GliaPharm, qu’il a démarré avec des collègues de l’Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne.
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Curriculum Vitae Vwy 2018
Yong 1 CURRICULUM VITAE, V. WEE YONG October 2018 Synopsis: Research interests lie in the area of neuroimmunology, neuroprotection and CNS regeneration, and projects are guided by multiple sclerosis (MS) and glioblastomas Published 290 peer-reviewed manuscripts that have been cited over 19,000 times with a h- index of 78 (Web of Science) A leader in translating laboratory findings into clinical trials, including Phase III trials in MS and traumatic spinal cord injury; recently received funding for a Phase I/IIa trial in glioblastoma President of the International Society of Neuroimmunology (ISNI) (2014-2016) Past trainees have excelled, including 25 in professorial positions worldwide and 17 medical specialists. I currently mentor 6 fellows, 3 PhD and 3 MSc students Directs the Alberta MS Network that facilitates training and multi-disciplinary collaboration on MS across Alberta Leads the Americas and Global Schools of Neuroimmunology for ISNI Elected fellow of both the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences (2010) and the Royal Society of Canada (2014) Recipient of the 2017 Allyn Taylor International Prize in Medicine for “transformational discoveries in MS” A. IDENTIFICATION Name: V. Wee Yong Current Position: Professor, University of Calgary Canada Research Chair in Neuroimmunology (Tier 1) Office Address: Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Oncology University of Calgary 3330 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1 Telephone: 403-220-3544 Fax: 403-210-8840 E-mail: [email protected] Spouse: Fiona P. Yong Children: Sasha, Emma and Heather B. EDUCATION Undergraduate: University of Manchester, Manchester, England Pharmacology, B.Sc. (Hons), 1978 - 1981 Graduate: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Yong 2 Pharmacology and Neurochemistry, Ph.D., 1981 - 1986 Supervisor: Dr.
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Lactate in the Brain: from Metabolic End-Product to Signalling Molecule
REVIEWS Lactate in the brain: from metabolic end-product to signalling molecule Pierre J. Magistretti1,2,3* and Igor Allaman2 Abstract | Lactate in the brain has long been associated with ischaemia; however, more recent evidence shows that it can be found there under physiological conditions. In the brain, lactate is formed predominantly in astrocytes from glucose or glycogen in response to neuronal activity signals. Thus, neurons and astrocytes show tight metabolic coupling. Lactate is transferred from astrocytes to neurons to match the neuronal energetic needs, and to provide signals that modulate neuronal functions, including excitability, plasticity and memory consolidation. In addition, lactate affects several homeostatic functions. Overall, lactate ensures adequate energy supply, modulates neuronal excitability levels and regulates adaptive functions in order to set the ‘homeostatic tone’ of the nervous system. Pyruvate dehydrogenase When studied at the organ level, brain energy meta Notably, under physiological conditions, the (PDH). The first component bolism can be considered as being almost fully oxida lactate:pyruvate concentration ratio is at least 10:1 enzyme of the pyruvate tive: elegant studies pioneered in the 1940s and 1950s (REF. 11). Thus, when considering the intercellular trans dehydrogenase complex; by Schmitt and Kety1 and later by Sokoloff 2 showed fer of a glycolytic substrate, lactate is the predominant it converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, which enters the that glucose is the obligatory physiological energy substrate in the brain. This ratio can also massively tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle substrate of the brain and is metabolized to CO2 and increase under hypoxia, as decreases in the partial for cellular respiration.
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Glycogen: a Trojan Horse for Neurons
NEWS AND VIEWS Glycogen: a Trojan horse for neurons Pierre J Magistretti & Igor Allaman Neural activity leads to the mobilization of energy from glycogen in astrocytes. A new paper reports that neurons have an ambivalent relationship with glycogen: they can synthesize it themselves, but that synthesis induces apoptosis. Presumably for this reason, neurons normally inhibit glycogen synthesis through two redundant pathways. Glycogen, the single largest energy reserve of the brain1, is mobilized by neuronal activity2, probably to match the increased a b energy requirements associated with it. NA,VIP, ADE, ATP Glycogen metabolism provides a clear Astrocyte http://www.nature.com/natureneuroscience example of neuron-glia metabolic coupling. Glycogen GS P ‘Glycogen’ P P Malin Glycogen is almost exclusively localized in P GS P PTG LiCl PP Laforin astrocytes, whereas the neurotransmitters P Lactate P P P Malin P GS P Laforin and neuromodulators that mobilize glycogen PPP are released by active neurons3. Neuron Glycogen is regulated by two key enzymes, glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase. Phosphorylation inhibits glycogen synthase and Ris-Vicari Katie increases the activity of glycogen phosphorylase, resulting in glycogenolysis. In cortical slices, Figure 1 Glycogen metabolism in the brain and its dysregulation in Lafora disease. (a) Under normal glycogenolysis is triggered by noradrenaline, circumstances, astrocytes synthesize and store glycogen. Neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline Nature Publishing Group Group Nature Publishing (NA), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), adenosine (ADE) or ATP trigger the breakdown of glycogen 7 vasoactive intestinal peptide, adenosine to enable the release of lactate, which is taken up as fuel by neurons. In neurons, glycogen 1 200 and ATP through cyclic AMP– or calcium- synthase (GS) is hyperphosphorylated and thereby inactivated.
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A Metabolic Link Between Cannabis and Behaviour
News & views consumption6 — an indisputable sign of a decrease in cellular metabolism. The authors Neuroscience confirmed this observation in astrocytes, and showed that mtCB1 activation by THC in A metabolic link between these cells disrupts the activity of a protein complex called mitochondrial complex I (CI), which is the first component of the OXPHOS cannabis and behaviour chain4. Specifically, activation of mtCB 1 prevents phosphorylation of a subunit of CI called NDUFS4. Pierre J. Magistretti NDUFS4 promotes the formation of ROS4. An active component of cannabis has been shown to disrupt The ROS formed in the mitochondria of astro- cytes signal back to the cell’s cytoplasm to the delicate metabolic balance between neurons and 7 non-neuronal cells called astrocytes, altering social stimulate glycolysis and lactate production . In line with these observations, Jimenez-Blasco behaviour in mice. See p.603 et al. found that stimulation of mtCB1 by THC decreases lactate production in astrocytes by decreasing ROS production (Fig. 1b). The There is a general consensus that higher brain astrocytes and neurons might be disrupted by authors went on to validate their results functions, and so, ultimately, behaviour, are THC came from the observation5 that cannabi- in vivo, by downregulating various compo- controlled by dynamic communication at noid receptor proteins are present not only on nents of the THC-mediated pathway in the the synapses that connect neurons. Decades neuronal membranes, but also on mitochon- astrocytes of mice. of psychopharmacology studies have vali- drial membranes — particularly in astrocytes, Next, Jimenez-Blasco and colleagues dated this view, because most psychoactive as reported by Jimenez-Blasco and colleagues.
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BRAINWORK the Neuroscience Newsletter
THE DANA FOUNDATION’S BRAINWORK The Neuroscience Newsletter Vol. 15 No. 4 July-August 2005 SPECIAL FOCUS: NEUROIMAGING Peering into the Brain: News New Frontiers in Neural Imaging FROM THE FRONTIER BY BRENDA PATOINE ••• Vaccine boosts activity of ew technologies—and the the fast-emerging frontier of optical chemotherapy in brain cancer. Clinical innovative ways in which sci- imaging, or, more precisely, two-pho- trials show that patients with glioblas- Nentists have harnessed them— ton excitation microscopy combined toma multiforme, a particularly aggres- have driven advances in neural imaging with fluorescent dyes that label indi- sive brain cancer, survived longer if beyond what any expert predicted 10 vidual molecules in living tissue. Scien- they were treated with a vaccine fol- years ago. Ever more sophisticated tists are applying these tools to track lowed by chemotherapy than did those images from brain scans and new brain function in living animals in real patients treated with either the vaccine microscopy techniques are offering a time, right down to the level of synap- or chemotherapy alone. The finding strikingly clear glimpse of what’s going tic connections and beyond. continues recent progress in immune on underneath the bumpy surface of A recent meeting on neural imaging treatments for brain tumors (see “Brain our skulls. at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in Tumor Researchers Let Slip the Some of the greatest excitement in New York was testimony to the results Immune Cells of War,” May-June neural imaging right now surrounds possible using so-called “light 2005 BrainWork). microscopy” approaches. The vaccine appears to kill off A few dozen of the world’s chemotherapy-resistant cells, leaving leading experts in imaging behind a population of cells that can be gathered to compare notes, treated with chemotherapy, report John debate technical hurdles, and S.
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European Dana Alliance for the Brain European Dana Alliance Plays Major Role at FENS 2012 © Caroline Gill © Caroline Gill
EDABNEWS NEWSLETTER FOR MEMBERS OF THE EUROPEAN DANA ALLIANCE FOR THE BRAIN European Dana Alliance Plays Major Role at FENS 2012 Caroline Gill Caroline Gill © © Neuroethics Seminar, participants from left: Helen Mayberg, John Rothwell, Damiaan Denys, Max Cowan Lecturer: Peter Seeburg. Carlos Belmonte, Roger Barker. EDAB has supported and played a Denys, a psychiatrist, spoke of of the Max-Planck Institute for very active role in the Federation of “a huge gap between assessing Medical Research, on Behavioural European Neuroscience Societies efficacy as a doctor and what Correlates of Hippocampal and (FENS) since it was founded in 1998 Hypothalamic Functions Studied in the patient feels.” in Berlin. At the FENS meeting in Rodents and was introduced by EDAB Barcelona on July 14-18, EDAB Vice Chairman Pierre Magistretti. was again a major participant, The speakers, experts in the fields presenting two symposia, a special of deep brain stimulation, cell The lecture was established in 2004 BAW meeting, an EDAB reception transplantation and gene therapy, in memory of Max Cowan, one of the and Executive Committee meeting discussed not only the potential for founders and vice-chairman of the and sponsoring the press office. these techniques in treating debilitating Dana Alliance who played an important brain diseases but also the ethical role in the formation of EDAB. The In recognition of his early involvement issues that can arise from their use. lecture recognizes the contribution and support for the field of of a prominent neuroscientist whose neuroethics, EDAB renamed its Denys, a psychiatrist, spoke of work resonates with some aspect seminar The William Safire Seminar “a huge gap between assessing of Cowan’s interest in molecular on Neuroethics.
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Sympathetic Innervation of the Pupil Is Affected Is Good to See As Many Of
> Book Reviews 2365 sympathetic innervation of the pupil is affected is good to see speci®c mechanisms coupling metabolic and physiological as many of my students fail to be convinced of its existence changes to changes in neuronal activity. for the reason that it is not possible to demonstrate to them the This slim volume leads the reader at an almost descending pathways in Weigert-stained brainstem sections. breathless pace from classical studies through to the Part 8 is entitled `Functional Neuroanatomy and Patho- most recent work concerning activity-coupled brain physiology: Clinical Correlations' and that's exactly what it energy metabolism. As a report of a workshop held contains. Once again a melange of CT scans, MRIs, between a small group of research leaders in different photographs, pathological sections of autopsy material prin- areas with expertise converging on common problems, it cipally focusing on cerebrovascular lesions provide excellent manages to be more current than recent textbooks. It is reference material. Other examples of neuropathology are also comprehensive, despite its brevity. It gives the reader Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/125/10/2365/300399 by guest on 30 September 2021 also included such as Alzheimer's disease, striatonigral a very clear sense of the way in which our understanding degeneration and gliomas. Also, there are interesting is changing and identi®es areas of continued uncertainty. examples of neurobehavioural changes associated with The editors and co-editors have done an excellent job in neurological conditions included in this part. establishing a coherent style and in maintaining a All in all a wonderful atlas of neuroanatomy of great value consistent set of themes through the book.
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Serono Young Investigator Award 2005
SERONO YOUNG INVESTIGATOR AWARD 2005 The Lake Geneva Innovation Society (LGIS), founded in January 2004, helps innovative science at academic institutions of the Lake Geneva Region to develop into viable commercial undertakings. Its aim is to foster privileged collaborations between academics of the University of Geneva, the EPFL and the University of Lausanne and members of the private sector by promoting closer contacts between academic researchers and Swiss and foreign industrialists. For the second year, the Lake Geneva Innovation Society will hold an event gathering academics and representatives from the international private sector (industry, venture capitalists, bankers, and other professionals), providing a unique environment for constructive interactions between business leaders and top University scientists. On the occasion of this event, one of the Society’s founding sponsors, Serono, has decided to grant a Serono Young Investigator Award 2005, for the best recent biotechnology discovery/invention. The academic institutions in the Lake Geneva Region have world class expertise in medicine and biology and fully believe it is important to reward young scientists who dedicate their work and research to therapeutic purposes. The prize will therefore consist of a CHF 10,000 check that will be presented personally to the prize winner on the occasion of the Second Lake Geneva Innovation Society Dinner on Tuesday January 25th, 2004. The award is open to scientists of the following institutions: UNIGE, EPFL, UNIL, HUG, CHUV, ISREC, and the Ludwig Institute. Should you be interested in applying for this prize, please return the attached application form with a one-page summary including a description of the discovery/invention and its importance for commercial or therapeutic purposes.
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CURRICULUM VITAE, V. WEE YONG August 2020
Yong 1 CURRICULUM VITAE, V. WEE YONG August 2020 Synopsis: • Research interests lie in the area of neuroimmunology, neuroprotection and CNS regeneration, and projects are guided by multiple sclerosis (MS) and glioblastomas • Published 320 peer-reviewed manuscripts that have been cited over 22,000 times with a h-index of 85 (Web of Science); over 35,000 citations in Google Scholar • Written 10 reviews in Nature Reviews series, and primary data manuscripts have been published in top journals including New England J Medicine (impact factor IF 79.3), Nature (IF 41.6), Nature Neuroscience (IF 19.9, twice), Nature Communications (IF 12.4, twice), J Clinical Investigation (IF 13.3, twice), Brain (IF 10.8, thirteen times), Annals Neurology (IF 10.2, ten times) and PNAS (IF 9.7, four times). • A leader in translating laboratory findings into clinical trials, including Phase III trials in MS and traumatic spinal cord injury; has received funding for a Phase I/IIa trial in glioblastoma • President of the International Society of Neuroimmunology (ISNI) (2014-2016) • Past trainees have excelled, including 28 in professorial positions worldwide and 18 medical specialists. I currently mentor 6 fellows, 2 PhD and 4 MSc students • Directs the Alberta MS Network that facilitates training and multi-disciplinary collaboration on MS across Alberta • Leads the Americas and Global Schools of Neuroimmunology for ISNI • Elected fellow of both the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences (2010) and the Royal Society of Canada (2014) • Recipient of the 2017 Allyn Taylor International Prize in Medicine for “transformational discoveries in MS” A. IDENTIFICATION Name: V.
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Newsletter N°7 – December 2017
NEWSLETTER N°7 – DECEMBER 2017 During September 2017 Site-Visit 22q11DS cohort reaches maturity As Synapsy is addressing 22q11 deletion syndrome and schizophrenia in its seventh Newsletter, the 22q11 cohort is reaching maturity, poised to deliver the fruits of a successful synergy between clinical work and fundamental research. Synapsy looks back at the origins of the cohort and discusses its promising future with Stephan Eliez. like a Swiss watch the disease.” Today, there is nowhere we can now set up cross-validation Stephan Eliez returned from else in the world which brings every- protocols between observations made Stanford, California in 2001 to start thing together around the same cohort: on mice and human observations.” In work as an independent researcher in genetics, EEG, brain imaging, cognitive the third phase of Synapsy, pre-symp- Geneva. Armed with the experience of neuroscience and clinical work. “It is the tomatic patients will be treated during setting up a first cohort of 30 patients logic of the Swiss watch, where every the right neurodevelopmental time- with 22q11 deletion syndrome in the part is machined and nested with ex- window to avoid loss of hippocampal United States, Eliez repeated the experi- treme precision. It is a way of differen- differentiation with the same drug ment as soon as he arrived. His aim was tiating our cohorts from other cohorts approaches identified by the funda- to use genetics and imaging to quantify with larger funding support,” adds the mental neuroscientists. Conversely, the the symptoms of schizophrenia clini- professor. resilience factors observed in humans cally. The future Synapsy research was will be studied in mice.
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