DOCSLIB.ORG

SCIENTIFIC NAMES of PLANTS Lobelia Inflata L

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
SCIENTIFIC NAMES of PLANTS Lobelia Inflata L SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF PLANTS Lobelia inflata L. Family = Campanulaceae (the family name usually ends in “aceae).” Lobelia = genus name inflata = species epithet L. = Linnaeus, the author of the species PLANTS ARE KNOWN BY SCIENTIFIC NAMES DERIVED, FOR THE MOST PART, FROM LATIN AND LESS SO FROM GREEK. OTHER LANGUAGES ARE LATINIZED WHEN THEY ARE USED FOR SCIENTIFIC NAMES. A PLANT SPECIES HAS ONLY ONE ACCEPTED SCIENTIFIC NAME. IN CONTRAST, A PLANT SPECIES OFTEN HAS MORE THAN ONE COMMON NAME. NEW SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS ARE NO LONGER REQUIRED TO BE WRITTEN IN LATIN The International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants now allows new species to be described in English. Although this change was approved at the International Botanical Congress in 2012 in Melbourne, Australia, botanists still have to read the Latin of old botanical descriptions. The book above is the best book for learning botanical Latin. CARL LINNAEUS 1707–1778 • Father of plant taxonomy. • Invented binomial nomenclature (= genus + species). • His book, Species Plantarum, was published in 1753. It serves as the starting point for the validity of botanical scientific names. • Sent his students throughout the world to collect plants. Linnaeus on a botanical expedition to Lapland. The plant he is holding is Linnaea borealis L. (twinflower). Naming a plant after oneself is now against the botanical code of nomenclature. The rules used to control the way plants and fungi are named are updated every five years at the International Botanical Congress. This year (2017) they will be held in Shenzhen, China. The Code has nothing to do with how to delimit a genus or species. It is only about the rules of nomenclature. WHAT DO TWO NAMES AFTER A SPECIES NAME MEAN? The scientific name of the jack- in-the-pulpit is Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott Linnaeus described Arum triphyllum L. in Species Plantarum in 1753. Heinrich Wilhelm Schott moved this species to the genus Arisaema in 1832. This new combination gives credit to Linnaeus for recognizing it as a new species and Schott for moving the species to the correct genus. The International Code of Algae, Fungi, and Plants regulates these kinds of issues. CLASSIFICATION OF INDIAN TOBACCO Kingdom: Plantae (plants) Subkingdom: Tracheobionta (vascular plants) Superdivision: Spermatophyta (seed plants) Division: Magnoliophyta (flowering plants) Class: Magnoliopsida Subclass: Asteridae Order: Campanulales (Bellflower family) Genus: Lobelia L. Species: Lobelia spicata Lam. (Indian tobacco) Species names are in italics; the genus name starts with a capital letter and the species epithet is in lower case. BASED ON MOLECULAR DATA Depiction of hypothesized evolutionary relationships of Lobelia inflata in the APG system, the most up to date system of plant classification Indian tobacco TODAY, CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS IS BASED, TO A LARGE EXTENT, ON MOLECULAR DATA WITH THE RESULTS DEPICTED IN EVOLUTIONARY TREES CALLED CLADOGRAMS. THIS INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE AT THE ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY GROUP WEBSITE UNDER OF THE AUSPICES OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/ THERE IS A GREAT DEAL OF INFORMATION ABOUT PLANTS ON THE INTERNET. IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN BOTANY TAKE THE TIME TO EXPLORE THE FOLLOWING WEBSITES THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (https://plants.usda.gov/java/) THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS KEW (http://www.ipni.org/ ) MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN (http://www.tropicos.org/) INFORMATION ABOUT THE HERBARIA OF THE WORLD (http://sciweb.nybg.org/Science2/IndexHerbariorum.asp.html) Useful for locating botanical specialists in plant families. Sending a specimen and images to a specialist is a good way to identify an unknown plant. THIS WEBSITE HAS THE BEST PLANT IDENTIFICATION TOOLS FOR THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES (https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org/) TO DELVE MORE DEEPLY INTO BOTANY, I RECOMMEND TWO BOOKS: BIOLOGY OF PLANTS by P. Raven et al. for basic botany and PLANT SYSTEMATICS: A PHYLOGENETIC APPROACH by W. S. Judd & C. S. Campbell for students wishing to learn the details of plant classification. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Plant Classification, Evolution and Reproduction
    Plant Classification, Evolution, and Reproduction Plant classification, evolution and reproduction! Traditional plant classification! ! A phylogenetic perspective on classification! ! Milestones of land plant evolution! ! Overview of land plant diversity! ! Life cycle of land plants! Classification “the ordering of diversity into a meaningful hierarchical pattern” (i.e., grouping)! The Taxonomic Hierarchy! Classification of Ayahuasca, Banisteriopsis caapi! Kingdom !Plantae! Phylum !Magnoliophyta Class ! !Magnoliopsida! Order !Malpighiales! Family !Malpighiaceae Genus ! !Banisteriopsis! Species !caapi! Ranks above genus have standard endings.! Higher categories are more inclusive.! Botanical nomenclature Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778)! Species Plantarum! published 1753! 7,300 species! Botanical nomenclature Polynomials versus binomials! Know the organism “The Molesting Salvinia” Salvinia auriculata (S. molesta)! hp://dnr.state.il.us/stewardship/cd/biocontrol/2floangfern.html " Taxonomy vs. classification! Assigning a name! A system ! ! ! Placement in a category! Often predictive ! because it is based on Replicable, reliable relationships! results! ! Relationships centered on genealogy ! ! ! ! Edward Hitchcock, Elementary Geology, 1940! Classification Phylogeny: Reflect hypothesized evolution. relationships! Charles Darwin, Origin of Species, 1859! Ernst Haeckel, Generelle Morphologie der Organismen, 1866! Branching tree-like diagrams representing relationships! Magnolia 1me 2 Zi m merman (1930) Lineage branching (cladogenesis or speciation) Modified
    [Show full text]
  • Linnaeus at Home
    NATURE-BASED ACTIVITIES FOR PARENTS LINNAEUS 1 AT HOME A GuiDE TO EXPLORING NATURE WITH CHILDREN Acknowledgements Written by Joe Burton Inspired by Carl Linnaeus With thanks to editors and reviewers: LINNAEUS Lyn Baber, Melissa Balzano, Jane Banham, Sarah Black, Isabelle Charmantier, Mark Chase, Maarten Christenhusz, Alex Davey, Gareth Dauley, AT HOME Zia Forrai, Jon Hale, Simon Hiscock, Alice ter Meulen, Lynn Parker, Elizabeth Rollinson, James Rosindell, Daryl Stenvoll-Wells, Ross Ziegelmeier Share your explorations @LinneanLearning #LinnaeusAtHome Facing page: Carl Linnaeus paper doll, illustrated in 1953. © Linnean Society of London 2019 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrival system or trasmitted in any form or by any means without the prior consent of the copyright owner. www.linnean.org/learning “If you do not know Introduction the names of things, the knowledge of them is Who was Carl Linnaeus? Contents Pitfall traps 5 lost too” Carl Linnaeus was one of the most influential scientists in the world, - Carl Linnaeus A bust of ‘The Young Linnaeus’ by but you might not know a lot about him. Thanks to Linnaeus, we Bug hunting 9 Anthony Smith (2007). have a naming system for all species so that we can understand how different species are related and can start to learn about the origins Plant hunting 13 of life on Earth. Pond dipping 17 As a young man, Linnaeus would study the animals, plants, Bird feeders 21 minerals and habitats around him. By watching the natural world, he began to understand that all living things are adapted to their Squirrel feeders 25 environments and that they can be grouped together by their characteristics (like animals with backbones, or plants that produce Friendly spaces 29 spores).
    [Show full text]
  • Winter 2014-2015 (22:3) (PDF)
    Contents NATIVE NOTES Page Fern workshop 1-2 Wavey-leaf basket Grass 3 Names Cacalia 4 Trip Report Sandstone Falls 5 Kate’s Mountain Clover* Trip Report Brush Creek Falls 6 Thank yous memorial 7 WEST VIRGINIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY NEWSLETTER News of WVNPS 8 VOLUME 22:3 WINTER 2014-15 Events, Dues Form 9 Judy Dumke-Editor: [email protected] Phone 740-894-6859 Magnoliales 10 e e e visit us at www.wvnps.org e e e . Fern Workshop University of Charleston Charleston WV January 17 2015, bad weather date January 24 2015 If you have thought about ferns, looked at them, puzzled over them or just want to know more about them join the WVNPS in Charleston for a workshop led by Mark Watson of the University of Charleston. The session will start at 10 A.M. with a scheduled end point by 12:30 P.M. A board meeting will follow. The sessions will be held in the Clay Tower Building (CTB) room 513, which is the botany lab. If you have any pressed specimens to share, or to ask about, be sure to bring them with as much information as you have on the location and habitat. Even photographs of ferns might be of interest for the session. If you have a hand lens that you favor bring it along as well. DIRECTIONS From the North: Travel I-77 South or 1-79 South into Charleston. Follow the signs to I-64 West. Take Oakwood Road Exit 58A and follow the signs to Route 61 South (MacCorkle Ave.).
    [Show full text]
  • The Origin of the Male and Female Symbols of Biology Author(S): William T
    The Origin of the Male and Female Symbols of Biology Author(s): William T. Stearn Source: Taxon, Vol. 11, No. 4 (May, 1962), pp. 109-113 Published by: International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1217734 . Accessed: 29/03/2014 09:56 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Taxon. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 212.238.37.228 on Sat, 29 Mar 2014 09:56:07 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions A12 S^ MAY 1962 VOL. X No. 4 TAXON Official News Bulletinof the InternationalAssociation for Plant Taxonomy.Edited and Publishedfor I.A.P.T. by the InternationalBureaufor Plant Taxonomyand Nomenclature.106 LangeNieuwstraat.Utrecht. Netherlands THE ORIGIN OF THE MALE AND FEMALE SYMBOLS OF BIOLOGY* William T. Steam (London) The symbols 6 and ?, so widely used in modern biology to distinguish male and female organs or individuals, have a long complex history which touches upon mythology, astrology, alchemy, palaeography, pharmacy, chemistry, heraldry and, as regards their biological application, the schooling and psychology of the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus (1707-78).
    [Show full text]
  • The Phytochemistry of Cherokee Aromatic Medicinal Plants
    medicines Review The Phytochemistry of Cherokee Aromatic Medicinal Plants William N. Setzer 1,2 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; [email protected]; Tel.: +1-256-824-6519 2 Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA Received: 25 October 2018; Accepted: 8 November 2018; Published: 12 November 2018 Abstract: Background: Native Americans have had a rich ethnobotanical heritage for treating diseases, ailments, and injuries. Cherokee traditional medicine has provided numerous aromatic and medicinal plants that not only were used by the Cherokee people, but were also adopted for use by European settlers in North America. Methods: The aim of this review was to examine the Cherokee ethnobotanical literature and the published phytochemical investigations on Cherokee medicinal plants and to correlate phytochemical constituents with traditional uses and biological activities. Results: Several Cherokee medicinal plants are still in use today as herbal medicines, including, for example, yarrow (Achillea millefolium), black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa), American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), and blue skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora). This review presents a summary of the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and biological activities of Cherokee aromatic and medicinal plants. Conclusions: The list is not complete, however, as there is still much work needed in phytochemical investigation and pharmacological evaluation of many traditional herbal medicines. Keywords: Cherokee; Native American; traditional herbal medicine; chemical constituents; pharmacology 1. Introduction Natural products have been an important source of medicinal agents throughout history and modern medicine continues to rely on traditional knowledge for treatment of human maladies [1]. Traditional medicines such as Traditional Chinese Medicine [2], Ayurvedic [3], and medicinal plants from Latin America [4] have proven to be rich resources of biologically active compounds and potential new drugs.
    [Show full text]
  • Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas Pt. 2
    Surinam (Pulle, 1906). 8. Gliricidia Kunth & Endlicher Unarmed, deciduous trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, odd-pinnate, 1- pinnate. Inflorescence an axillary, many-flowered raceme. Flowers papilionaceous; sepals united in a cupuliform, weakly 5-toothed tube; standard petal reflexed; keel incurved, the petals united. Stamens 10; 9 united by the filaments in a tube, 1 free. Fruit dehiscent, flat, narrow; seeds numerous. 1. Gliricidia sepium (Jacquin) Kunth ex Grisebach, Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Gottingen 7: 52 (1857). MADRE DE CACAO (Surinam); ACACIA DES ANTILLES (French Guiana). Tree to 9 m; branches hairy when young; poisonous. Leaves with 4-8 pairs of leaflets; leaflets elliptical, acuminate, often dark-spotted or -blotched beneath, to 7 x 3 (-4) cm. Inflorescence to 15 cm. Petals pale purplish-pink, c.1.2 cm; standard petal marked with yellow from middle to base. Fruit narrowly oblong, somewhat woody, to 15 x 1.2 cm; seeds up to 11 per fruit. Range: Mexico to South America. Grown as an ornamental in the Botanic Gardens, Georgetown, Guyana (Index Seminum, 1982) and in French Guiana (de Granville, 1985). Grown as a shade tree in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). In tropical America this species is often interplanted with coffee and cacao trees to shade them; it is recommended for intensified utilization as a fuelwood for the humid tropics (National Academy of Sciences, 1980; Little, 1983). 9. Pterocarpus Jacquin Unarmed, nearly evergreen trees, sometimes lianas. Leaves alternate, petiolate, odd- pinnate, 1-pinnate; leaflets alternate. Inflorescence an axillary or terminal panicle or raceme. Flowers papilionaceous; sepals united in an unequally 5-toothed tube; standard and wing petals crisped (wavy); keel petals free or nearly so.
    [Show full text]
  • Nomenclatural Studies Toward a World List of Diptera Genus-Group Names
    Nomenclatural studies toward a world list of Diptera genus-group names. Part V Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart Evenhuis, Neal L.; Pape, Thomas; Pont, Adrian C. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4172.1.1 Publication date: 2016 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY Citation for published version (APA): Evenhuis, N. L., Pape, T., & Pont, A. C. (2016). Nomenclatural studies toward a world list of Diptera genus- group names. Part V: Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart. Magnolia Press. Zootaxa Vol. 4172 No. 1 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4172.1.1 Download date: 02. Oct. 2021 Zootaxa 4172 (1): 001–211 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4172.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:22128906-32FA-4A80-85D6-10F114E81A7B ZOOTAXA 4172 Nomenclatural Studies Toward a World List of Diptera Genus-Group Names. Part V: Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart NEAL L. EVENHUIS1, THOMAS PAPE2 & ADRIAN C. PONT3 1 J. Linsley Gressitt Center for Entomological Research, Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817-2704, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected] 3Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK. E-mail: [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by D. Whitmore: 15 Aug. 2016; published: 30 Sept. 2016 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 NEAL L.
    [Show full text]
  • Ad Hoc Referees Committee for This Issue Thomas Dirnböck
    COMITATO DI REVISIONE PER QUESTO NUMERO – Ad hoc referees committee for this issue Thomas Dirnböck Umweltbundesamt GmbH Studien & Beratung II, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Wien, Austria Marco Kovac Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija Susanna Nocentini Università degli Studi di Firenze, DISTAF, Via S. Bonaventura 13, 50145 Firenze Ralf Ohlemueller Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK Sandro Pignatti Orto Botanico di Roma, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, L.go Cristina di Svezia, 24, 00165 Roma Stergios Pirintsos Department of Biology, University of Crete, P.O.Box 2208, 71409 Heraklion, Greece Matthias Plattner Hintermann & Weber AG, Oeko-Logische Beratung Planung Forschung, Hauptstrasse 52, CH-4153 Reinach Basel Arne Pommerening School of Agricultural & Forest Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, DU/ UK Roberto Scotti Università degli Studi di Sassari, DESA, Nuoro branch, Via C. Colombo 1, 08100 Nuoro Franz Starlinger Forstliche Bundesversuchsanstalt Wien, A 1131 Vienna, Austria Silvia Stofer Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft – WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland Norman Woodley Systematic Entomology Lab-USDA , c/o Smithsonian Institution NHB-168 , O Box 37012 Washington, DC 20013-7012 CURATORI DI QUESTO NUMERO – Editors Marco Ferretti, Bruno Petriccione, Gianfranco Fabbio, Filippo Bussotti EDITORE – Publisher C.R.A. - Istituto Sperimentale per la Selvicoltura Viale Santa Margherita, 80 – 52100 Arezzo Tel.. ++39 0575 353021; Fax. ++39 0575 353490; E-mail:[email protected] Volume 30, Supplemento 2 - 2006 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS C.R.A.A - ISTITUTO N SPERIMENTALE N A PER LA LSELVICOLTURA I (in alphabetic order) Allegrini, M. C.
    [Show full text]
  • Twinflower (Linnaea Borealis L.) – Plant Species of Potential Medicinal Properties
    From Botanical to Medical Research Vol. 63 No. 3 2017 DOI: 10.1515/hepo-2017-0019 REVIEW PAPER Twinflower (Linnaea borealis L.) – plant species of potential medicinal properties BARBARA THIEM1* ELISABETH BUK-BERGE2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Plant Biotechnology Poznań University of Medical Sciences Św. Marii Magdaleny 14 61-861 Poznań, Poland 2The Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research** Postbox 8119 Dep. 0032 Oslo, Norway *corresponding author: phone: +4861 6687851, e-mail: [email protected] Summary Twinflower (Linnaea borealis L.) is a widespread circumboreal plant species belonging to Linnaeaceae family (previously Caprifoliaceae). L. borealis commonly grows in taiga and tundra. In some countries in Europe, including Poland, twinflower is protected as a glacial relict. Chemical composition of this species is not well known, however in folk medicine of Scandinavian countries, L. borealis has a long tradition as a cure for skin diseases and rheumatism. It is suggested that twinflower has potential medicinal properties. The new study on lead secondary metabolites responsible for biological activity are necessary. This short review summarizes very sparse knowledge on twinflower: its biology, distribution, conservation status, chemical constituents, and describes the role of this plant in folk tradition of Scandinavian countries. Key words: Linnaea borealis, botanical description, distribution, secondary metabolites, folk medicine INTRODUCTION of the Linnaea genus was provided by Christen- husz in 2013 [3]. The genusLinnaea was reviewed Linnaea borealis L. (eng. twinflower; pol. zimoziół and expanded to include the genera: Abelia, Di- północny, Linnea północna; nor. Nårislegras, Flis- pelta, Diabelia, Kolkwitzia and Vesalea. In gen- megras) belongs to Linnaeaceae family, formerly eral, in the new depiction this taxon consist of 16 to Caprifoliaceae [1, 2].
    [Show full text]
  • Botanical Name Common Name
    Approved Approved & as a eligible to Not eligible to Approved as Frontage fulfill other fulfill other Type of plant a Street Tree Tree standards standards Heritage Tree Tree Heritage Species Botanical Name Common name Native Abelia x grandiflora Glossy Abelia Shrub, Deciduous No No No Yes White Forsytha; Korean Abeliophyllum distichum Shrub, Deciduous No No No Yes Abelialeaf Acanthropanax Fiveleaf Aralia Shrub, Deciduous No No No Yes sieboldianus Acer ginnala Amur Maple Shrub, Deciduous No No No Yes Aesculus parviflora Bottlebrush Buckeye Shrub, Deciduous No No No Yes Aesculus pavia Red Buckeye Shrub, Deciduous No No Yes Yes Alnus incana ssp. rugosa Speckled Alder Shrub, Deciduous Yes No No Yes Alnus serrulata Hazel Alder Shrub, Deciduous Yes No No Yes Amelanchier humilis Low Serviceberry Shrub, Deciduous Yes No No Yes Amelanchier stolonifera Running Serviceberry Shrub, Deciduous Yes No No Yes False Indigo Bush; Amorpha fruticosa Desert False Indigo; Shrub, Deciduous Yes No No No Not eligible Bastard Indigo Aronia arbutifolia Red Chokeberry Shrub, Deciduous Yes No No Yes Aronia melanocarpa Black Chokeberry Shrub, Deciduous Yes No No Yes Aronia prunifolia Purple Chokeberry Shrub, Deciduous Yes No No Yes Groundsel-Bush; Eastern Baccharis halimifolia Shrub, Deciduous No No Yes Yes Baccharis Summer Cypress; Bassia scoparia Shrub, Deciduous No No No Yes Burning-Bush Berberis canadensis American Barberry Shrub, Deciduous Yes No No Yes Common Barberry; Berberis vulgaris Shrub, Deciduous No No No No Not eligible European Barberry Betula pumila
    [Show full text]
  • A Recircumscription of Linnaea (Caprifoliaceae)
    Phytotaxa 125 (1): 25–32 (2013) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.125.1.4 Twins are not alone: a recircumscription of Linnaea (Caprifoliaceae) MAARTEN J.M. CHRISTENHUSZ Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, United Kingdom; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The genus Linnaea is reviewed and expanded to include the genera Abelia (excluding section Zabelia), Diabelia, Dipelta, Kolkwitzia and Vesalea, making it monophyletic and comprising 16 species. The history of the generic name is discussed. An updated description for the genus Linnaea is provided and new combinations or names for all taxa are provided in Linnaea. Key words: botanical history, genus concepts, inflorescence structure Introduction Linnaea borealis Gronovius ex Linnaeus (1753: 631) was named in honour of Carolus Linnaeus to whom we owe the system of binomial nomenclature. The name was first coined by Dutch botanist Jan Frederik Gronovius (in Linnaeus 1737), because it was Linnaeus’s favourite plant ‘Planta nostra’, which was later adopted by Linnaeus himself in his Species plantarum (1753). It is currently restricted to a single species, which may be considered unfortunate, because it honours such an important botanist. Ricket (1941) wrote that ‘Linnaeus regarded it as his solemn duty to perpetuate the names of great botanists in generic names’, and even though at the time it was argued that there often is no connection between the name and the botanist, ‘there will be such charm in the association that it will never fade from memory’.
    [Show full text]
  • Campanulaceae): Review, Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Analyses
    PhytoKeys 174: 13–45 (2021) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.174.59555 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Systematics of Lobelioideae (Campanulaceae): review, phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses Samuel Paul Kagame1,2,3, Andrew W. Gichira1,3, Ling-Yun Chen1,4, Qing-Feng Wang1,3 1 Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China 4 State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China Corresponding author: Ling-Yun Chen ([email protected]); Qing-Feng Wang ([email protected]) Academic editor: C. Morden | Received 12 October 2020 | Accepted 1 February 2021 | Published 5 March 2021 Citation: Kagame SP, Gichira AW, Chen L, Wang Q (2021) Systematics of Lobelioideae (Campanulaceae): review, phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses. PhytoKeys 174: 13–45. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.174.59555 Abstract Lobelioideae, the largest subfamily within Campanulaceae, includes 33 genera and approximately1200 species. It is characterized by resupinate flowers with zygomorphic corollas and connate anthers and is widely distributed across the world. The systematics of Lobelioideae has been quite challenging over the years, with different scholars postulating varying theories. To outline major progress and highlight the ex- isting systematic problems in Lobelioideae, we conducted a literature review on this subfamily. Addition- ally, we conducted phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses for Lobelioideae using plastids and internal transcribed spacer regions.
    [Show full text]