Civil Law & Motion Practice

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Civil Law & Motion Practice CIVIL LAW & MOTION PRACTICE Orange County Bar Association Bridging the Gap February 8, 2014 Presenters: Honorable Franz E. Miller Honorable Nathan R. Scott David J. Hesseltine, Esq. PROGRAM OUTLINE I. Judicial Perspective A. What Law Is and How It Works. B. The Role of Motions in a Case. II. Things to Consider Before Drafting Any Motion A. Have a clear goal/purpose in mind. 1. How does this motion advance my client’s case? 2. Cost/Benefit Analysis – what is the likely cost to my client and what can I expect to gain through the motion? 3. Can the court grant me the relief I seek? B. Review practice guides, rules of court, and statutes regarding particular motion and motions in general. 1. Practice Guides: The Rutter Group publishes a number of helpful practice guides covering a wide variety of topics, including alternative dispute resolution, civil trials and evidence, writs and appeals, enforcing judgments and debts, insurance litigation, employment litigation, professional responsibility, personal injury litigation, etc. Weil & Brown, California Practice Guide: Civil Procedure Before Trial is particularly helpful for law and motion practice. 2. California Rules of Court (the following are just a few examples): a. Rules 2.100 to 2.119 address the basic form of all papers filed with the court. b. Rules 3.1100 to 3.1372 deal with law and motion, including general formatting rules and specific rules applicable to a wide variety of motions. For example, rules 3.1350 to 3.1354 address summary judgment and summary adjudication motions. c. Rules 3.1700 to 3.1702 address claims for prejudgment costs and attorney fees. 1 3. Statutes: a. Virtually every motion you bring will be authorized by a particular statute that can also establish procedures for that motion. For example, Code of Civil Procedure sections 425.16 to 425.18 address anti-SLAPP motions, Code of Civil Procedure sections 430.10 to 430.80 address demurrers, and Code of Civil Procedure section 437c addresses summary judgment and summary adjudication motions. b. There also are numerous statutes dealing with motions more generally. For example, Code of Civil Procedure sections 1005 and 1010 address notices of motion. C. Consider your audience. 1. You must convince the court the relief you seek is appropriate. You are not necessarily entitled to the requested relief merely because your motion is unopposed or your opponent agrees. 2. Will the court be receptive to your request for relief or should you have made further efforts to resolve the issue with opposing counsel? 3. Research attorneys and how they help judges decide motions. D. What can I do to make my motion as user friendly as possible? 1. In preparing any motion, you should always ask yourself that question. The more time the judge or research attorney spend trying to find part of your motion or a particular exhibit, or simply trying to figure out what you are saying, the less time they have to analyze the merits of your motion. 2. Use exhibit tabs, not colored paper to separate each exhibit. (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 3.1110(f).) 3. Break large documents into volumes. For example, make your notice of motion and memorandum of points and authorities one volume, your declaration(s) a separate volume or volumes, your exhibits a separate volume or volumes, etc. One large stack bound together is very difficult and frustrating to work with. 4. In breaking papers into volumes, be certain to clearly label the volumes that go together as part of the motion. For example, in the caption, identify each document submitted as part of the motion or, if you have multiple volumes of exhibits or evidence, number them. 2 5. Cut and paste pictures, tables, or charts into your motion if they are helpful. Do not use technology for the sake of using technology, but do not be afraid to use it if it makes your papers easier to understand. Sometimes a picture (or even a chart or graph) can be worth a thousand words. Make certain you support any facts with admissible evidence. III. Notice of Motion A. Tells the court and the parties who is seeking what against whom, when, where, and on what basis. B. Obtaining a hearing date. 1. Most civil departments hear law and motion one day per week and your hearing must be set for that day unless the court specially sets a hearing date and time for your motion. Consult the court website or department information sheet for law and motion day and time in your assigned department. 2. Most departments do not require a reservation, but a few do. Again, consult the court website or department information sheet. 3. Many departments limit the number of motions heard on any given law and motion calendar so you must plan ahead. Contact the department well in advance to determine when motions are currently being set. The delay can be several weeks past the minimum amount of time required by statute. 4. If the date on your notice of motion is unavailable, the clerk’s office will often cross out your designated hearing date and write in the next available date. If this happens, promptly file and serve a notice of continuance for the new date and explain the date you sought was unavailable. 5. Note that some statutes limit when a motion may be brought. For example, Code of Civil Procedure section 437c, subdivision (a), provides a summary judgment or summary adjudication motion cannot be filed and served until 60 days after the general appearance of the party against whom the motion is brought and the hearing on the motion must be conducted at least 30 days before the date of trial. The trial court can shorten both of these time periods for good cause shown. C. Amount of notice. 1. Most motions must be filed and served at least 16 court days before the hearing. (Code Civ. Proc., § 1005, subd. (b).) There are exceptions, however. For example, a summary judgment or summary adjudication motion must be filed and served at least 75 calendar days before the hearing date (Code Civ. Proc., § 437c, subd. (a)) and a discretionary motion to dismiss for failure to 3 prosecute must be filed and served at least 45 calendar days before the hearing (Cal. Rules of Court, rule 3.1342(a)). 2. The method of service on the other parties can extend the amount of notice you must provide. a. Personal Service: No extension of notice period. b. Service by Mail: Notice period increased by 5 calendar days if mailed to and from address within California, 10 calendar days if mailed to or from an address outside California but within the U.S., and 20 calendar days if mailed to or from an address outside the U.S. (Code Civ. Proc., §§ 1005, subd. (b), 437c, subd. (a).) c. Service by Fax or Overnight Delivery: Notice period increased by 2 calendar days for most motions (Code Civ. Proc., §§ 1005, subd. (b)), but 2 court days for summary judgment and summary adjudication motions (Code Civ. Proc., § 437c, subd. (a)). 1. Service by fax may be made only on parties who have agreed to accept service by fax and where a written confirmation of that agreement is made. (Code Civ. Proc., § 1013, subd. (e), Cal. Rules of Court, rule 2.306(a)(1).) d. Electronic Service: Notice period increased by 2 court days. (Code Civ. Proc., § 1010.6, subd. (a)(4); Cal. Rules of Court, rule 2.251(h)(2).) 1. Electronic service allowed when (a) the recipient has agreed to accept service electronically or (b) local rules authorize electronic service in certain types of cases. (Code Civ. Proc., § 1010.6; Cal. Rules of Court, rules 2.250-2.261.) Review statutes and rules for specifics on when electronic service allowed and how it must be performed. e. Code of Civil Procedure section 1013, which generally provides for extension of notice periods for service by mail, fax, or overnight delivery, does not apply to motions. (Code Civ. Proc., § 1005, subd. (b).) f. Computation of Time: For purposes of law and motion, Code of Civil Procedure section 12c provides that the last date to serve a motion is determined by counting backwards from the hearing date, excluding the date of the hearing. From that date, you then count backwards again for any days that must be added due to the service method. You must be mindful of the difference between court days and calendar days. 4 1. The Legislature adopted this statute in 2010 to resolve an ambiguity regarding whether you count forward from the service date or backwards from the hearing date. The result could change depending on which direction you count. 2. See also Code of Civil Procedure section 12 describing the computation of time more generally. Due to section 12c, it no longer applies to law and motion matters that specify serving or filing a document a specific number of days before a hearing. g. Opposition and Reply Papers: Code of Civil Procedure section 1005, subdivision (b) requires all opposition papers to be filed and served at least 9 court days before the hearing and all reply papers to be filed and served at least 5 court days before the hearing. Code of Civil Procedure section 1005, subdivision (c), states that all opposition and reply papers shall be served by personal delivery, fax, overnight delivery, or other method reasonably calculated to ensure delivery not later than the close of the next business day. This means opposition and reply papers should not be served by mail.
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