Publisher’s Note...... viii Origin of Living Creatures...... 49 Introduction...... ix The Rod of Gold ...... 51 Contributors ...... xi Uitoto Creation Story...... 53 Maps and Mythological Figures...... xiii Viracocha...... 54 A Young Man and the Star...... 56 The Americas The Pacific Mesoamerica...... 3 The Azteca ...... 3 Oceania...... 61 The Aztec Creation Myth...... 4 Birth of Sea and Land Life ...... 61 The Birth of the War God...... 6 Borah of Byamee...... 62 Cihuacóatl as Warrior...... 7 Bram-Bram-Bult ...... 64 The Creation of Music ...... 9 The Children of Heaven and Earth...... 65 Hunahpú and Xbalanqué ...... 10 Dream of Haumaka...... 67 Legend of the Fifth Sun ...... 12 Kahalaopuna, Princess of Manoa...... 68 The Lords of Xibalba ...... 13 Mataora’s Visit to Hawaiki...... 69 The Maya Creation Myth...... 15 The Polynesian Creation Myth...... 71 The Samoan Story of Creation ...... 72 North America...... 17 Seven Sisters...... 74 The Fight with the Water Monster ...... 17 The Two Sorcerers...... 75 George Washington: I Cannot Tell a Lie...... 18 What Makes the Waves...... 76 The Girl Who Married a Gnome...... 20 How Jack O’Lanterns Came to Be...... 21 Iroquois Creation Story...... 23 Africa John Henry: The Steel Driving Man...... 24 La Llorona, Omen of Death...... 25 Sub-Sahara Africa ...... 81 The Legend of Joaquín Murrieta...... 27 The Daughter of Sun and Moon...... 81 Legend of the Buffalo Dance...... 28 The Gods Descend from Heaven ...... 82 Ottawa Creation Story...... 30 How Beasts and Serpents First Came into the World. 84 Paíyatuma and the Maidens of the Corn...... 31 The Sacrifice of Mórimi...... 85 Raven Steals Daylight from the Sky ...... 32 The Slave Called the World...... 86 Sedna, Goddess of the Sea...... 34 Thunder and Anansi...... 87 Shaman Isaac Tens...... 35 The Thunder Bride...... 89 Sioux Creation Story...... 36 Talk Concerning the First Beginning...... 38 Egypt ...... 91 Wunzh...... 39 Amen-Ra, the God of Empire...... 91 The Battle of Horus and Set...... 93 South America...... 41 The Bentresh Stela...... 94 Amalivaca...... 41 The Boat of Ra...... 96 The Boy Who Rose to the Sky ...... 43 The Book of Thoth ...... 97 How Evils Befell Mankind...... 44 The Egyptian Creation Myth...... 99 How the Jaguar Lost His Fire ...... 45 The Gods of Egypt...... 100 The Men from the Sea...... 47 Horus and the City of Pe ...... 101 The Monkey’s Exploit...... 48 Instruction of Amenemhet...... 102

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Isis and the Seven Scorpions...... 104 The First People...... 161 The Island of Enchantment ...... 105 Garuda...... 163 The Name of Ra...... 107 How a Man Got the Better of Two Foxes . . . . . 164 The Rise of Amen ...... 108 In the Palace of the Sea God ...... 165 The Tale of Sinuhe...... 109 The Island of Women ...... 167 The Two Brothers ...... 111 The Korean Cinderella...... 168 The Victory of Sinuhe...... 112 The Magic White Swan ...... 170 The Magnanimous Girl...... 171 Origin of the Tiger...... 172 Asia Pangu Creates the World ...... 174 Prince Mountain and Princess Mountain...... 175 West Asia...... 117 The Spirit of the Lotus Lily...... 177 Ahura Mazda and the Battle between Good Urashima Tarō ...... 178 and Evil ...... 117 Water War...... 180 The Baal Myth from Ugarit...... 118 The Weaver Maiden and the Herdsman...... 181 The Burning Bush...... 120 Yinglong, the Winged Dragon...... 183 The Creation and Fall...... 121 Yu Rebuilds the Earth...... 184 The Nursemaid of Rostam...... 123 Pharaoh’s Dreams ...... 124 India...... 186 Samson the Judge ...... 125 Brahmā the Creator...... 186 The Story of Job...... 127 The Creation of the Ganges...... 187 The Tower of Babel...... 128 Damayantī’s Choice ...... 189 Draupadī...... 190 Mesopotamia...... 130 Durgā...... 192 Before All Befores...... 130 Gotama’s Attainment...... 193 The Birth of the Great Gods and Goddesses. . . . 131 The Heavenly Nymph and Her Mortal Husband. . 194 The Creation of Enkidu ...... 132 The Incarnations of Visnu ...... 196 The Death of Enkidu...... 134 Matsya and the Great Flood...... 198 The Death of Gilgameš...... 135 Enki and Ninhursaĝa...... 136 Enuma elish, the Babylonian Creation Myth. . . . .138 Europe Etana, King of Kish...... 139 Inana and Šu-kale-tuda...... 140 British Isles ...... 203 Inana’s Descent ...... 142 Beowulf and the Battle with Grendel...... 203 The Journey of Nanna to Nippur...... 143 The Birth of Bran...... 205 Marduk the Dragon Slayer...... 144 Childe Rowland...... 206 Nanna and Ningal ...... 146 The Combat of Fer Díad and Cúchulainn. . . . . 208 Ninurta and the Turtle...... 147 Culhwch and Olwen: Hunting the Twrch Trwyth . .209 The Sin of the God Zu ...... 148 The Death of King Arthur ...... 210 The Sumerian Creation of Humankind ...... 149 The Fisher King...... 212 The Theft of Destiny...... 150 Havelok and Godard...... 213 Uta-Napishtim and the Deluge ...... 151 King Arthur and Guinevere...... 215 King Arthur’s Round Table...... 216 East Asia ...... 154 The Legend of Tuan mac Carell...... 218 The Adventures of Kintarō, the Golden Boy . . . .154 The Marriage of Sir Gawain ...... 219 The Casting of the Great Bell ...... 156 The Mermaid ...... 221 Ch’ŏnjiwangbonp’uri...... 157 The Morrígu...... 222 The Dragons...... 158 Oisín’s Mother...... 223 The Fairy Princess of Mount Ophir...... 160 The Order of Scáthach ...... 224

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Sir Galahad and the Holy Grail...... 226 Western Europe...... 285 Sir Gammer Vans...... 227 The Death of Roland...... 285 The Story of Saint Kenelm...... 229 Diamonds and Toads...... 287 The Story of the Young Cuckoo...... 230 El Cid...... 288 The Emperor’s New Clothes...... 289 Greco-Roman World...... 232 The Enchanted Maiden...... 291 Achilles and the Stern Waters of Styx...... 232 The Gingerbread Man...... 292 Apollo Establishes His Temple at Delphi. . . . . 233 Hop o’ My Thumb...... 294 Athena and the Birth of Erichthonius...... 235 Little Red Cap ...... 295 Bellerophon and the Battle with Chimera. . . . . 236 Petrosinella...... 297 The Birth of Zeus...... 237 Princess Belle-Étoile...... 298 Cadmus Sowing the Dragon’s Teeth ...... 239 Princess Rosette...... 300 Cronus and the Birth of the Cosmos...... 240 Snow-White and Rose-Red...... 301 The Death of Ajax...... 242 Thumbelina...... 302 The Divine Loves of Zeus...... 243 Gaia and the Castration of Uranus...... 244 Central and Eastern Europe...... 305 Helen of Troy...... 246 Baba Yaga...... 305 Hera and the Seduction of Zeus ...... 247 The Boys with the Golden Stars...... 307 Jove’s Great Deluge...... 249 Cinderella...... 308 King Oedipus Is Revealed...... 250 The Dragon and the Prince...... 309 The Line and the Cave...... 252 Father Frost...... 311 The Love of Aphrodite and Anchises...... 253 The Feather of Finist the Falcon...... 312 The Myth of Atlantis...... 254 The Firebird, the Horse of Power, and the The Myth of Er...... 256 Princess Vasilissa...... 314 Pandora and the Great Jar...... 257 Ilya Muromets and the Dragon...... 315 Prometheus and the Theft of Fire...... 258 King Kojata...... 316 The Prophecy of Paris...... 260 The Lime Tree ...... 318 The Sack of Troy...... 261 Prince Bayaya ...... 319 The Statue of Pygmalion ...... 262 Princess Miranda and Prince Hero...... 321 The Twelfth Labor: Hercules and Cerberus...... 264  The Vengeance of Medea...... 265 Zeus and the Titan War...... 266 Appendixes Norse World ...... 269 The Aesir-Vanir War...... 269 Mythology in the Classroom...... 325 Brynhildr, the Norse Valkyrie...... 270 Lesson Plan...... 329 Freya’s Necklace...... 272 Timeline...... 330 How Thor Fought the Giant Hrungnir...... 273 Guide to Online Resources...... 332 Loki and the Dwarfs...... 274 Bibliography...... 333 Loki Bound...... 276 The Nine Worlds of the Norse...... 277 The Norse Creation of the Cosmos...... 278 Indexes Odin’s Discovery of the Runes...... 279 The Otter’s Ransom...... 281 Country and Culture Index...... 339 Ragnarok...... 282 Chronological Index...... 343 The Theft of Mjölnir...... 283 Index ...... 349

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Table of Contents