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History of the Development of the ICD
History of the development of the ICD 1. Early history Sir George Knibbs, the eminent Australian statistician, credited François Bossier de Lacroix (1706-1777), better known as Sauvages, with the first attempt to classify diseases systematically (10). Sauvages' comprehensive treatise was published under the title Nosologia methodica. A contemporary of Sauvages was the great methodologist Linnaeus (1707-1778), one of whose treatises was entitled Genera morborum. At the beginning of the 19th century, the classification of disease in most general use was one by William Cullen (1710-1790), of Edinburgh, which was published in 1785 under the title Synopsis nosologiae methodicae. For all practical purposes, however, the statistical study of disease began a century earlier with the work of John Graunt on the London Bills of Mortality. The kind of classification envisaged by this pioneer is exemplified by his attempt to estimate the proportion of liveborn children who died before reaching the age of six years, no records of age at death being available. He took all deaths classed as thrush, convulsions, rickets, teeth and worms, abortives, chrysomes, infants, livergrown, and overlaid and added to them half the deaths classed as smallpox, swinepox, measles, and worms without convulsions. Despite the crudity of this classification his estimate of a 36 % mortality before the age of six years appears from later evidence to have been a good one. While three centuries have contributed something to the scientific accuracy of disease classification, there are many who doubt the usefulness of attempts to compile statistics of disease, or even causes of death, because of the difficulties of classification. -
Race, Riots, and Public Space in Harlem, 1900-1935
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works School of Arts & Sciences Theses Hunter College Spring 5-9-2017 The Breath Seekers: Race, Riots, and Public Space in Harlem, 1900-1935 Allyson Compton CUNY Hunter College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/hc_sas_etds/166 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] The Breath Seekers: Race, Riots, and Public Space in Harlem, 1900-1935 by Allyson Compton Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History, Hunter College The City University of New York 2017 Thesis Sponsor: April 10, 2017 Kellie Carter Jackson Date Signature April 10, 2017 Jonathan Rosenberg Date Signature of Second Reader Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1: Public Space and the Genesis of Black Harlem ................................................. 7 Defining Public Space ................................................................................................... 7 Defining Race Riot ....................................................................................................... 9 Why Harlem? ............................................................................................................. 10 Chapter 2: Setting -
December 1900
~olttt -W-ESTERN AUSTRALIA. [Published[Published byby Authority.)Authority.] Thi!<Thin (-jlJ(jiizettezettl ' is published for Police infot'mationinformation only, andand. the Police lhrogyhoulthroughout thl'thf ('n/ulI!!('oluuy rtrpare inlltntctedinstructed tofo makpmake them.~pl11P.qthemselves thm'oughlythoroughly acq1wintedaequoiiited with the content.~.contents. FRED.FIlED. HARE, CmnmissiolluCommissioner 0/of Police.Police. NoNo.. 49.J49.] WEDNESDAY,WEDNESDAY, DEC'.K\IBERDECEMBER 5J.. [HJOO.[1900. CCirculaircularr OrdersOrders anandd MiscellaneousMiscellaneous I'oat,coat, ]mint])aiut staistainn Ill}on rightriglit slesleev 'n';e ; a llarkdarl; tWt'etltweed "I'~tvest Information. alltland paipairr (Ifot trouserstrouser~;; aU paipairr ofof EnglishEnglish madIluulee }acc-uplace-up Information. hootshoot~,, narrownarrow toetOCHs wit hh totoPe caps(,<1.PS,, notnot mucmuchh worn,worn, C.OC.O.. xfiio-—Meinlier·d)~ij.-Memberss o(Iff tthhee Policl'Police POl"{'eForce areare "iz('size 8tl;; tht11('e pro])ertpropert,'v- ofof JameJamcss Robinson.Robin~()n—.- A~A2/7498 74!lH,, hhereberebyy informedinformed thathatt itit isis necessarnecessaryy jurorj nrorss forfor 3r:~r<ld D('C(December'lll bl 'r,, 10001900. coroners'oroner '' inquestinquestss sshalhalll bbee personpprsollss whoswhosee namenamess ;treare onon thethe JurJuryy LiListst.. Per//*.—BetweePl'l'th .-Bctweenn thcthe Hlth19th andand -2811~ th1 lilt.,ult., frofromm .')01501 WhenWhen requirerequired ttoo SUJl1summo111 011n aanu inquesincluestt jurjuryy theythey "\VWillia illiulllm Street,Street, a la(1,lady' \;s 1IBct et.. goMgold llllllhuntin t iugg ststem ('111-- musmLlstt liebe carefu(jarefull ttoo seseee thathatt nnoo persopersonu whoswhosee namnamee i::;is winllingwinding EnglishEno'lish leveIc,,'err watchwatch,. NoNo.. :Hl:H,21134, h.'by excludeexcludedd frofromm ththee JurJ uny ListList iiss summoned,summoned, <>therwisl'(itherwise ""Braclley, Bi-adley, LondoLondoll";n "; ththee propertpropertyy ooff Mrs11'". -
Apartment Housing in Canadian Cities, 1900–1940 Richard Dennis
Document generated on 09/26/2021 5:23 p.m. Urban History Review Revue d'histoire urbaine Apartment Housing in Canadian Cities, 1900–1940 Richard Dennis Volume 26, Number 2, March 1998 Article abstract Apartment houses may be considered as a deviation from the North American URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1016656ar ideal of single-family, owner-occupied homes. Unsurprisingly, therefore, they DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1016656ar attracted substantial criticism when first erected in Canadian cities, especially in Toronto where anti-apartment bylaws were introduced in 1912. They were See table of contents condemned as insanitary, anti-family, and a threat to established property values, undermining "cities of homes" both morally and economically. But they were also evidence of modernity and cosmopolitan sophistication, praised for Publisher(s) their efficiency and appropriateness for new types of households leading new lifestyles. Hence their appearance in new cities in the Canadian West, Urban History Review / Revue d'histoire urbaine especially in the 1910s, and their increasing popularity through the 1920s. Focusing primarily but not exclusively on Toronto, this paper discusses the ISSN history and geography of Canadian apartment housing during pre-World War I and inter-war building booms; the ways in which apartments were advertised 0703-0428 (print) and represented; and the diversity of building types, from luxury downtown 1918-5138 (digital) apartment hotels to suburban walk-up efficiency apartments and even a few semi-philanthropic blocks. It concludes with some observations on the still Explore this journal under-researched questions of how apartment buildings were financed and who owned them. -
SELF-IPIEREST and SOCIAL CONTROL: Uitlandeet Rulx of JOHANNESBURG, 1900-1901
SELF-IPIEREST AND SOCIAL CONTROL: UITLANDEEt RUlX OF JOHANNESBURG, 1900-1901 by Diana R. MacLaren Good government .. [means] equal rights and no privilege .. , a fair field and no favour. (1) A. MacFarlane, Chairman, Fordsburg Branch, South African League. At the end of May 1900 the British axmy moved into Johannesburg and Commandant F. E. T. Krause handed over the reins of government to Col. Colin MacKenzie, the new Military Governor of the Witwatersrand. But MacKenzie could not rule alone, and his superior, Lord Roberts, had previously agreed with High Commissioner Milner that MacKenzie would have access to civilian advisers who, being Randites for the most past, could offer to his administration their knowledge of local affairs. So, up from the coast and the Orange Free State came his advisers: inter alia, W. F. Monypenny, previously editor of the jingoist Johannesburg-; Douglas Forster, past President of the Transvaal Branch of the South African League (SAL); Samuel Evans, an Eckstein & CO employee and informal adviser to Milner; and W. Wybergh, another past President of the SAL and an ex-employee of Consolidated Gold Fields. These men and the others who served MacKenzie as civilian aides had been active in Rand politics previous to the war and had led the agitation for reform - both political and economic - which had resulted in war. Many had links with the minbg industry, either as employees of large firms or as suppliers of machinery, while the rest were in business or were professional men, generally lawyers. It was these men who, along with J. P. Fitzpatrick, had engineered the unrest, who formulated petitions, organized demonstrations and who channelled to Milner the grist for his political mill. -
Poverty, Disease, Responsibility: Arthur Newsholme and the Public Health Dilemmas of British Liberalism
Poverty, Disease, Responsibility: Arthur Newsholme and the Public Health Dilemmas of British Liberalism JOHN M. EYLER University o f Minnesota N DELIVERING AN ADDRESS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF Glasgow in November 1900, Lord Rosebery, the heir apparent to the leadership of the Liberal party, linked anxieties about disease,I poverty, race, and national prowess in ways that would have startled his mid-Victorian predecessors: An Empire such as ours requires as its first condition an Imperial Race— a race vigorous and industrious and intrepid. Are we rearing such a race? In the rural districts I trust that we are. But in the great cities, in the rookeries and slums which still survive, an imperial race cannot be reared. You can scarcely produce anything in those foul nests of crime and disease but a progeny doomed from its birth to misery and ignominy. Remember, then, that where you promote health and arrest disease, where you convert an un healthy citizen into a healthy one, where you exercise your authority to promote sanitary conditions and suppress those which are the reverse, you in doing your duty are also working for the Empire. Health of mind and body exalt a nation in the competition of the universe. The survival of the fittest is an absolute truth in the conditions of the modern world (Rosebery 1922, 250-51). The nation was, in fact, facing a crisis of confidence. Foreign competition in industry, trade, and agriculture, the growth of German military might, and then the disastrous showing of the British forces The Milbank Quarterly, Vol. -
The London Gazette, February 22, 1901. 1353
THE LONDON GAZETTE, FEBRUARY 22, 1901. 1353 . -Henry Arthur Bransbury. The following appointment to the Staff of the Mervyn Winfred Falkner. Lines of Communication, made in South Africa, Richard Nason Woodley. is confirmed :— Eugene Ryan. Captain (temporary Captain in the Army) J. Edward Ernest Parkes, M.B. Barrett-Leonard, 24th Middlesex Volunteer . James Valentine Roche. Rifle Corps, to be graded as a Staff Captain Alfred John Hull. whilst employed with the Army Transport .. Reginald Vionnee Cowey. from 3rd July, 1900, to 12th November, 1900. \ James Conway. John Humphrey Barbour, M.B. Army Schools, The undermentioned Inspectors of Frederick England Robinson, M.B. Army Schools are granted the honorary rank of Samuel Mason. Captain:— John Southey Bostock, M.B. Honorary Lieutenant Robert Raymer. Dated Arthur Henry McNeil Mitchell. 18th February,'1901. Honorary Lieutenant Henry Jerram. Dated 20th February, 1901. .STAFF. t Army Pay Department, Colonel H. W. Bateman, Major G. E. Pereira, Grenadier Guards, to be a Chief Paymaster, is placed on retired pay. Special Service Officer, graded as a Deputy- Dated 22nd January, 1901. Assistant Adjutant-General on the Staff of the Lieutenant-Colonel G. H. Moore-Lane, Staff China Field Force. Dated 20th November, Paymaster, to be Chief Paymaster, with the .1900. substantive rank of Colonel in the Army, vice Captain E. M. Jackson, Indian Staff Corps, is Colonel H. W. Bateman. Dated 22nd January, - graded as a Deputy-Assistant Adjutant-General 1901. whilst * acting as a Staff Officer, China Field The undermentioned Paymasters to be Staff Pay- ... Force. Dated 27th November, 1900. masters :— Lieutenant.C. P. Berthon, the East Yorkshire Major B. -
Otterbein Aegis February 1900
Otterbein University Digital Commons @ Otterbein Otterbein Aegis Otterbein Journals & Magazines 2-1900 Otterbein Aegis February 1900 Otterbein Aegis Otterbein University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.otterbein.edu/aegis Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Otterbein Aegis, "Otterbein Aegis February 1900" (1900). Otterbein Aegis. 97. https://digitalcommons.otterbein.edu/aegis/97 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Otterbein Journals & Magazines at Digital Commons @ Otterbein. It has been accepted for inclusion in Otterbein Aegis by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Otterbein. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Editorials 6 Our Common Schools 8 A Sketch of Paul Kruger- 11 Who is Able to Judge? 13 America as a Power in the World 15 Old Ocean - A Poem 16 Y. M. C. A. Notes 16 Personals 17 Locals 18 Exchang~s 20 An Institution of High Grade, Standard Faculty and Courses of Study. ~~ University Located at Westerville, Ohio, SUBURBAN TO COLUMBUS THE CAPITAL OF THE STATE. ~~~~ There are Four High Class Literary Societies, With Elegantly Furnished Halls, Well Selected Libraries and Reading Rooms. ~~~~ The Christian Associations, the oldest in the state, are doing a grand work. Westerville is a beautiful and healthful village of about 2,000 popu lation, with a fine classical and religious atmosphere. There are no saloons or other low places of resort. Both sexes are admitted to equal advantages. Instruction thorough. All professors are specialists in their departments Expenses moderate. The University offers eight Courses of Study ; the Classical, Philosophical, Preparatory, Pedagogy, Music, F ine Art, and E lo cution and Oratory. -
February 16, 1901, Vol. 72, No. 1860
., : . I 1 1 Jmintiw Quotation Supplement (Monthly) Street Railway Supplement (^mam^^ Inveator^ Supplement (Quarterly) Stale and Cihj Supplement (^Amu^n^ [Entered aooordlng to Act of OonfrresB, In the year 1900, by the William B. Dasa OOKPAlfT, In the offlM of the Llbrarlui of OongreBa.] VOL. 72. SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1901. NO. 18«0. Wttt eruting February 9 OUaringt at— 1901. 1900. 1901. 1899 1898. PUBLISHED WEEKLY. New York ,63O,»07,9eO 1.106,832.0701 133.486.098 78S 199,648 Philadelphia 84,8^,5!^9 B'*,7''6,iei 9*J,0I3 613 55,742.850 Termg of Subscription—Payable in Advance Pittsbar^ 8H,894.693 29,485 5x7 38,966.5(M 17,60 [.7b8 Baltimore 19,796 993 1^,910,581 lX,2Se.li51 16 862.191 For One Year $10 00 Buffalo 5.231,l(-3 4,b68,076i 4.918.135 4016.765 For Six Months 6 00 Washington. 8,l33,Cai 2.»)6O,310 2,3 19. .301 1 099,181 Eoropean Subscription (Inolnding postage) 13 00 Albany 8,112.612 2,961, H4 8.360,rX)0 European Subscription Six Months (Including postage) 7 50 Rochester 2,306.789 2,162,7881 8.4:-0 101 1.400.723 Syracuse l,Si88,767 1,25 i, 031 963.965 942.961 Annual Subscription In London (Inolndlng postage) <2 14b Scranton. 1,018,924 &9t.786l 7tJ6,ttl9 690.688 BlxMos. do. do. do. Al lis. WllmlnKton 1,025,137 889.0S0 808.241 785.808 Blntcbamton 8«8,H00 429.600 82rf.700| 894.000 Above subscription Includes— Chester 245,081 253.*!- 300.0001 Thb Quotation supplement 8TKEET Railway Supplement Total Middle 1.801.852,197 1,261,341,876 l,299,»i7,i«j! THB INVE8TOE8' SUPPLBMBNT State and City Supplement &25.680,441 Boston 128,189.251 137,20S.331 130 100,416 110 331,883 Terms ot Adyertlsing—(Per Inch Space.) Providence , 6,460900 6,378,900 6,159,600 5.3U,6C0 Hartford 2.392,516 2.557.226 2.603,763 1,'-0Q,109 Transient matter $4 20 Three Months (13 times) .$29 00 New Haven 1,657.776 1.3«1,436 1,887.303 " 1,408,151 8TANDINO BUSINESS OAKDS. -
Stanford University Clippings Collection
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt138nf41w No online items Guide to the Stanford University Clippings Collection Daniel Hartwig Stanford University. Libraries.Department of Special Collections and University Archives Stanford, California October 2010 Copyright © 2015 The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All rights reserved. Note This encoded finding aid is compliant with Stanford EAD Best Practice Guidelines, Version 1.0. Guide to the Stanford University SC0015 1 Clippings Collection Overview Call Number: SC0015 Creator: Stanford University. Office of the President Title: Stanford University clippings collection Dates: 1891-1945 Physical Description: 14 Linear feet (112 volumes) Summary: Scrapbooks of newspaper clippings collected by the staff of the President's Office pertaining to University events and interests. Language(s): The materials are in English. Repository: Department of Special Collections and University Archives Green Library 557 Escondido Mall Stanford, CA 94305-6064 Email: [email protected] Phone: (650) 725-1022 URL: http://library.stanford.edu/spc Information about Access This collection is open for research. Ownership & Copyright All requests to reproduce, publish, quote from, or otherwise use collection materials must be submitted in writing to the Head of Special Collections and University Archives, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, California 94304-6064. Consent is given on behalf of Special Collections as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission from the copyright owner. Such permission must be obtained from the copyright owner, heir(s) or assigns. See: http://library.stanford.edu/depts/spc/pubserv/permissions.html. Restrictions also apply to digital representations of the original materials. -
The China Relief Expedition Joint Coalition Warfare in China Summer 1900
07-02574 China Relief Cover.indd 1 11/19/08 12:53:03 PM 07-02574 China Relief Cover.indd 2 11/19/08 12:53:04 PM The China Relief Expedition Joint Coalition Warfare in China Summer 1900 prepared by LTC(R) Robert R. Leonhard, Ph.D. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory This essay reflects the views of the author alone and does not necessarily imply concurrence by The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) or any other organization or agency, public or private. About the Author LTC(R) Robert R. Leonhard, Ph.D., is on the Principal Professional Staff of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and a member of the Strategic Assessments Office of the National Security Analysis Department. He retired from a 24-year career in the Army after serving as an infantry officer and war planner and is a veteran of Operation Desert Storm. Dr. Leonhard is the author of The Art of Maneuver: Maneuver-Warfare Theory and AirLand Battle (1991), Fighting by Minutes: Time and the Art of War (1994), The Principles of War for the Informa- tion Age (1998), and The Evolution of Strategy in the Global War on Terrorism (2005), as well as numerous articles and essays on national security issues. Foreign Concessions and Spheres of Influence China, 1900 Introduction The summer of 1900 saw the formation of a perfect storm of conflict over the northern provinces of China. Atop an anachronistic and arrogant national government sat an aged and devious woman—the Empress Dowager Tsu Hsi. -
Wisconsin Session Laws
352 LAWS OF WISCONSIN—Ch. 258. No. 396, S.] [Published May 4, 1901. CHAPTER 25$. AN ACT to submit to the people an amendment to section 1, of article 10, of the constitution of the state of Wisconsin, relat- ing to education. Preamble. Whereas, at the biennial session of flue legisla- ture of Wisconsin for the year 1899, an amendment to the con- stitution of the state was proposed and agreed to by a majority of the members elected to each of the two houses, which pro- posed amendment was in the following language: Resolved by the senate, the assembly concurring, that section 1 of article 10 of the constitution of the state of Wisconsin be amended so as to read as follows: Provisions of amendment. SEcTioN 1. The supervision of public instruction shall be vested in a state superintendent and such other officers as the legislature shall direet ; and their quali- fications, powers, duties and compensation shall be prescribed by law. The state superintendent shall be chosen by the qualified electors of the state at the saute time and in the same manner as members of the supreme court, and shall hold his office for four years front the succeeding first Monday in julv. The state su- perintendent chosen at the general election in 'November, 1902, shall hold and continue in his office until the first Monday in July, 1905, and his successor shall be chosen at the time of the judicial election in April, 1905. The term of office, time and manner of electing or appointing all other officers of supervision of public instruction shall be fixed by law.