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REFERENCES:

Monxton - A Village History by Diana K. Coldicott.

Amport, East , Monxton Conservation Policy, 1980, extended 1981.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

Monxton Village Design Statement team warmly thank:

The Monxton parishioners who completed the questionnaires, took part in workshops and meetings, contributed photographs of the village, wrote summaries and gave of their skills and special knowledge in numerous ways.

Monxton Parish Council for encouragement and interest as well as Borough Council for its support, especially David Bibby of the Planning Department for his kind and knowledgeable guidance.

Hampshire Association of Parish and Town Councils.

Mrs Diana Coldicott for special help on historical facts of the parish and assistance with editing of text.

Mr Mark Oldroyd for very generous support for Graphic Designer.

Mr Charles Littleworth for his picture of Monxton High Street.

Professor Peter Gibson for specialist help with the initial workshop.

Mr David Allen, Curator, Andover Museum.

Designed by Elaine Odlin Graphic Design. 01424 751649

Printed by Bulpitt Print Limited, Andover, Hampshire. 01264 363600 MONXTON VDS 04/04 29/9/04 1:33 pm Page 2

MONXTON VILLAGE DESIGN STATEMENT MONXTON VDS 04/04 29/9/04 1:33 pm Page 3

INTRODUCTION

Village Design Statements are the result of an initiative started by the Countryside Commission (now Agency) in 1993, which focused on the significance of local character and distinctiveness as planning issues within rural settlements. Emphasis was placed on the need for input from local communities to identify what they believed were the unique qualities of their villages, which should be preserved in any future developments. Guidance in achieving this was produced by the Countryside Commission in 1996 in a document entitled ‘Village Design - making local character count in new development’.

In 1999 Test Valley Borough Council agreed that Village Design Statements (VDS) would be adopted as Supplementary Planning Guidance in Test Valley in accordance with guidance which was approved in 2000. With this status it becomes a material consideration in the determination of planning applications. The Monxton Village Design Statement outlines the qualities

Traditional signpost on the Green. and characteristics which give the Entrance to village from . parish its distinctiveness as seen by the community. The character new projects of whatever scale, Liaison with of the village is described under may be carried out with sensitivity Community three headings: and will be in harmony with the An opportunity was taken by 1. Landscape and Surroundings; setting and style of the village. Monxton parishioners to show 2. Settlement Pattern; and The VDS was accepted by the and discuss already approved 3. Buildings and Materials. Parish Council on 20th November VDSs in the Village Hall, when Design Guidelines have been 2003, and adopted by Test Valley officers from the Planning

put forward to ensure that any Borough Council as Supplementary Department of Test Valley future developments, whether Planning Guidance on 5th May Borough Council were exhibiting alterations to existing buildings or 2004. a draft of the Local Plan.

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Right and below: The Village Green – the heart of Monxton.

This was followed by a well- Valley in the Valley attended Open Meeting and a Floor. The Pillhill Brook flows questionnaire to all parishioners through the main part of the (over 80% responded) asking settlement and joins the River them to give their views on what Anton, a tributary of the River is important to them about Test, at . Monxton and its surroundings. The area of the parish An introductory workshop followed, containing listed buildings is in after which three research teams the and Monxton were established to study the Conservation Area designated in aspects of the parish set out above. 1980 and extended in 1981 by There were further workshops and Test Valley Borough Council, and the community has been kept in includes all of the old part of touch, culminating in an all day the village. exhibition of text, maps and photographs at which comments Population were welcomed. Based on the 2001 census from Hampshire County Council’s Small Location Area Population Forecast, the Monxton is regarded as one of estimate for 2000 is 245 people Hampshire’s prettiest villages. living in 118 dwellings. Currently It is located three miles south there are twenty-eight children west of Andover and seventeen aged twelve or younger, which is miles north of in the a significant and welcome

northwestern part of the Test increase on recent years. View along Andover Road.

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HISTORY

Monxton High Street a century ago. The 1114 acres that comprise the parish of Monxton are wedged between the bordering parishes of and Amport. In this area, man was farming long before the arrival of the Romans. However, it was the construction of the Portway road by the Romans which lead to subsequent development.

Two House of Constantine coins 4thC. Silver denarius of Julia Maesa early 3rdC.

Barbarous radiate, late 3rdC.

Three minims, ever lived in the village, but the Throughout the period of its late 4thC. Abbey continued to draw income ownership the College kept good

A small section of the Portway along Green Lane is impressive. from it for the next 300 years. records which are still in its runs along the east-west line of Later, the village was one of The Abbey’s possession of archives. They include a splendid the present village High Street, five that became established Anne de Bec (and its other English map which was commissioned from Monxton Mill to the start of along the banks of the stream, manors) was brought to an end by from John Doharty in 1751 and Hook Lane in Green Lane, before which was then called River Anne. Henry IV during the Hundred shows two of the great medieval continuing its route westwards. ‘Anne’ was incorporated in their Years War. For a time it was held fields being farmed as strips. After Roman coins from the 3rd and names. By the time of the Norman by the Duke of Bedford and came the Monxton Enclosure Act of 4th centuries have been found at Conquest the village had become to be called Monkeston. After his 1806 the ownership of these Manor Farm which indicate that a separate parish and manor and death in 1435 it reverted to the strips was reorganised, and the there was some Roman settlement was duly recorded with its mill in king, so when Henry VI founded resulting small fields were there. Two other factors influencing Domesday Book* in 1086. King’s College, Cambridge, in 1441 enclosed by hedges. Later these the development of the village as Subsequently its Norman he gave it to the College as a were absorbed by the larger it is today were the presence of owner gave the parish to the small part of its foundation. farms, as shown by the Ordnance the Pillhill Brook and the natural Abbey of Bec-Hellouin in King’s College continued to Survey Map undertaken in1873. hollow in the land, which was later Normandy and the parish became own Monxton parish with its King’s College sold its enlarged. Even today the escarpment know as Anne de Bec. No monks houses and cottages until 1921. property in Monxton in 1921 when the two farms and many of *In Andover Hundred. The king holds Monxton in demesne. Wulfgifu held it the cottages were bought by of King Edward in alod. It then paid geld 1 for 10 hides; now for 2 ⁄2 hides. There is sitting tenants. Village life was land for 3 ploughs. In demesne are 2 ploughs; and 3 villains and 5 bordars little affected. The many changes with 2 ploughs. There are 3 slaves, and a mill rendering 7s 6d, and 2 acres of since then, particularly since meadow, and a small wood. TRE it was worth 100s; and afterwards , as now, £9. 1945, have largely been caused The Hampshire Domesday. Alecto Extract from Domesday Book. Historical Editions (1989). by outside forces.

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This Ordnance Survey Map of © Crown Copyright Monxton, plotted July 2003, Monxton Ordnance demonstrates how little the Map Licence settlement has changed since No. 100043282 the Ordnance Survey Map, above, made in 1873.

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LANDSCAPE & SURROUNDINGS

Monxton nestles in the valley of the Pillhill Brook between chalk uplands. Descending into the village by road or public paths from the higher ground of the valley, mature trees and hedges almost hide the settlement giving a visual surprise when the houses and thatched cottages come into view. Close to the village are a number of paddocks owned by parishioners which are valued open sites. The panoramic views from above the village across the rural landscape are impressive, being enhanced by woodlands, copses and mature trees.

The slopes of the valley surrounding and pastureland known as Church the village provide an effective Field, adjacent to Manor Farm screen from the Defence Logistics buildings. Three mixed copses Organisation, the Portway were planted in 1995 two on Industrial Estate, the A303 and Watergate Lane and one next to other villages. Nevertheless, Church Field. The community has looking north from high spots on a tradition of tree planting, Watergate Lane (see Public Rights including over thirty varied native of Way map) it is possible to see trees planted to commemorate the North Hampshire Downs. the Queen’s Silver Jubilee, of On entering the village from which twenty are along Watergate Andover what was once a Lane and Monxton Lane. distinctive and picturesque view across an Important Open Area to Public Rights of Way the Pillhill Brook is now hidden by There is a network of nine public the planting of Leylandii close to rights of way linking the parish the road. with Amport, and the The surrounding countryside is Wallops, as well as Grateley Road prime agricultural land (Grade 2). and Red Post Lane. They all cross There are two farms, Manor Farm farmland, giving extensive rural and Prospect Farm. views. Among them are Watergate Two significant mixed hedges Lane and Monxton Lane leading were planted in the early 1990s, north from Andover Road,which one along Pipers Hill path, and are former drove roads, mainly for

the other between an arable field sheep going to the Weyhill Fair. Monxton Lane.

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Below: Old Prospect Farm viewed across arable land.

Design Guidelines • Trees should be protected if they contribute significantly to the character and appearance of the village. Where felling becomes necessary trees should be replaced if possible to continue the tradition of tree planting in Monxton.

• Wooded areas and copses should be maintained and encouraged where they significantly contribute to the character and appearance of the landscape around the village.

• None of the existing hedgerows should be Track to Manor Farm. removed. Footpaths and public rights of way To the west, Hook Lane, Nature and Wildlife should be maintained and be appropriately signed. starting from Green Lane, provides Monxton and its surroundings a wooded walk along the Amport provide secure habitats for a variety parish boundary until it joins of wildlife with its woodlands, Broad Road by the railway bridge. copses, trees at all stages of These rights of way are much development, hedgerows, railway valued as access to open country embankments, open fields and being well used by both walkers pastures. During recent years over and riders, and should be protected eighty species of birds have been and maintained. recorded.

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LANDSCAPE & SURROUNDINGS continued

View towards Monxton from Watergate Lane.

Swan on Pillhill Brook.

Roe deer are seen in groups of two or three. The increasing numbers of wild flowers by the hedgerows attract many species of butterflies and moths. While this is not an exhaustive list of all the wildlife to be seen, it indicates that the countryside around Ducklings on Pillhill Brook. Monxton is a treasure of wild

In addition to non-endangered flora and fauna. species, rare wrynecks, lesser These factors indicate an white throats, lesser spotted environment not only healthy for woodpeckers and kingfishers are wildlife but also for the people seen. Skylarks are commonly heard who share and protect it. in the fields and copses close to Monxton Lane. Close to Watergate Lane is a wild area, including wet land, which provides a sanctuary for wild life. Pillhill Brook supports brown trout and a growing number of water voles, which cannot survive if the banks of streams are over cultivated. Duck, moorhen

Hook Lane. and coot nest in the stream. Trees east of the church.

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Legend Hampshire Rights of Way ROW TYPE Byway Open to All Traffic Bridleway Footpath Road Used as a Public Path HCC Parish Boundaries 2002 © Crown Copyright 2003 HCC 076651 Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey map with the permission of the controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office

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SETTLEMENT PATTERN

©Charles Littl

At the centre of the village is the crossroads formed by Layout of Buildings the old routes along which Monxton has developed since Monxton is given its distinctive earliest times, and the well tended Village Green with character by its pleasant mix of the Pillhill Brook along its northern edge. Amenities old and recently built houses. close by are St Mary’s Church, the Village Hall and the The five roads into the village all Black Swan public house, providing good facilities for give a feeling of individuality. community life. All the older buildings in the village are The thatched cottages in the within the Amport and Monxton Conservation Area of High Street, and the well spaced Monxton Green by the Pillhill Brook. 1980. There is a field between the older part of the houses with their tile or thatch

settlement and Sunnybank to the east. The Prospect topped cob boundary walls, add close to the road and have no area, a mile and a half to the south on Broad Road, is to the charm and serenity of the off-street parking. Its use by large the location of several small businesses, some housed in village. Most of the newer houses vehicles is incompatible with its farmyard conversions. are found in Chalkpit Lane, Broad width. It is difficult to pass Road, Green Lane and Sunnybank. oncoming traffic in other streets in the village which are also Roads incompatible with large vehicles. The roads approaching Monxton link it with Andover and the Open Spaces, villages of Abbotts Ann, Amport, Woodland and Grateley and Boundaries Airfield. Apart from Sunnybank, The most valued open space is none of the roads in the village undoubtedly the Green in the have pavements. centre of the village at the On the north side of the High crossroads. Benches donated by

Entrance from Amport with llama in paddock. Street most of the cottages are villagers face the Pillhill Brook

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Right: Amport Road bridge.

es Littleworth

Important Open Area on Amport Road.

running east under the small end of World War II and recent bridge on the Amport Road. plantings of native trees. Another The Green is used as a safe play designated Important Open Area is area for supervised small children, the water meadow enclosed by as well as older children playing Andover Road, Chalkpit Lane and

ball games. It provides an excellent Pillhill Brook. It continues into Cob walls topped with thatch and tiles. venue for village events. Abbotts Ann parish and is skirted The field south of the Village on its southern edge by Important Hall, diagonally opposite to the Woodland. Green, is designated in the A Southern Water pumping Conservation Area plan as an station is located in a corner Important Open Area. between Chalkpit Lane and The wood surrounding the Andover Road. A sapling hedge church is Important Woodland. It has been planted to shield it from consists of poplars planted at the public view in the future.

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SETTLEMENT PATTERN continued

Village Hall.

Pillhill Brook The Pillhill Brook, a , is one of Monxton’s most pleasant features as it flows from Amport to Abbotts Ann before reaching the . It passes alongside the gardens of Green Lane and on to the northern side of the Sunnybank, built 1967. The Black Swan. Village Green. Monxton is a generously wooded The stream continues through area with mature and newly the settlement leaving the parish planted trees. Trees are a feature almost immediately after flowing in the water meadows surrounding under the bridge in Andover Road. Monxton Mill and they continue Ducks, moorhens and brown trout alongside the stream as far as can be seen in the stream and, Watergate Lane. increasingly frequently, water vole. There is an almost infinite The Pillhill Brook is one of the last variety of field and garden managed habitats for brown trout boundaries throughout the village in the River Test system The bridge including hedges, brick, brick and on Amport Road is brick built, flint, tile or thatch topped cob single arched and much walls, open fences, high hedges of photographed and painted from privet, fir and mixed plantings. In the Green. The double arched general the boundaries fit in with bridge in Andover Road, with

Andover Road bridge. the well cared for style of Monxton. handsome brick buttresses,

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Far right: The High Street. Right: Victorian letter box facing the Green. Below: Pillhill Brook.

crosses the stream at its widest The roadside house was built later Design Guidelines before it turns south into the in brick and flint with the low • Any new houses should be built in similar style and scale to nearby dwellings. Building materials should water meadows. Both bridges are ceilings typical of houses of that blend with those used in the immediate locality. helpful traffic-calmers as it is period, and was later extended to • The provision of off-street parking, discreetly not possible to pass oncoming the rear. In the 20th century two placed where possible, should be a requirement traffic on them. further extensions joined the barn for new development and should meet current to the pub. parking standards. Amenities The pleasing exterior fronting • Care should be taken to ensure that the sizes of The parish church of St Mary’s, the High Street has remained gardens in new developments should be similar to with its large churchyard, is unchanged for many years. those in the immediate vicinity. Tandem development should be avoided. approached through oak gates The stream running along the end • Additional access on to roads should be carefully built to honour the fallen of the of the garden helps to make it a considered in view of possible hazards for 1914–1918 World War. Opposite popular venue for locals and pedestrians and vehicle traffic. the gates is the well used Village visitors. • All garden boundaries facing roads should be Hall, built in 1968. Half its cost Close to the Green is a of local brick, flint or cob, or hedges of native was met by Hampshire County Victorian letter box in the wall of species which can be mixed. Leylandii should Council for Community Service the old post office, now Fourways be avoided. and the remaining half by Cottage. There is a second letter • Care should be taken to preserve open spaces donations, fund raising events box close to the retirement from encroachment, particularly the Green with its important leisure role. Designated Important and interest free loans from bungalows at Sunnybank Opens Spaces, Important Woodland and water parishioners. The village is served by two meadows should be safeguarded. The origins of the Black Swan roofed bus shelters, one close to • The health of the Pillhill Brook should be a (‘Black’ was added in the 19th the Green and the second at priority in considering any development which century) were around 1600. A Sunnybank. They both have might adversely affect wild brown trout in the barn and stables were also erected. notice boards. managed habitat system of the River Test.

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BUILDINGS & MATERIALS Right: Bec House. Far right: Monxton Manor.

On coming into Monxton from any direction the impression is of old cottages mingled with more modern houses. A third of the 118 houses in the parish are listed Grade II, many dating from the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. With one exception, all are in the Monxton Conservation Area. Very few of the older houses have footings. There are numerous white painted, thatched cottages in the village giving it much of its distinctive character. Cob boundary walls are a special feature of the village and are capped with tiles, thatch or slate.

Monxton Mill.

St Mary’s Church built 1853.

Most of the newer houses were Distinctive Buildings built after World War 2. In the main, The Norman church of All Hallows either by their design and materials was rebuilt in 1853 as St Mary’s or their siting, they give an Church. The walls are flint and impression of a living village limestone blocks, some of which which has evolved sensitively into were salvaged from the previous the 21st century. This pleasant building along with the chancel effect is enhanced by spacious pillars and their capitals. The roof gardens and trees. The village is is tiled. but at the west end the particularly well wooded with bell stage and small octagonal mature hedges and trees, which spire are both shingled. Close by is almost hide some houses, Monxton Manor. It is a handsome contributing to its atmosphere three storied house, probably built

The School built in 1847. It is now part of School House, Amport Road. of tranquillity. during the first half of the

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Hutchens Cottage, formerly a farmhouse, overlooking the High Street. Both end walls have flint horizontal panels in brickwork.

18th century near the previous The name of the house was Field House. farmhouse, which was known as changed in 1959 to link it with The Court. The Manor was extended the Abbey of Bec-Hellouin in in the 19th century. It is likely that Normandy. there have been farm buildings on Monxton Mill, at the eastern the site since medieval times. end of the High Street, ceased to On the opposite side of the be a working mill between the road is Bec House, built as the World Wars. For at least 900 years Rectory in 1796, and home for a before then it had been grinding succession of rectors until 1944. the local corn. In the mid-1930s It is an elegant house built in the mill and the miller’s cottage Flemish Bond, like the Manor. were sold as an entity. The Old Farm House is the only three storied thatched house. It has a A courtyard is formed by an The internal workings of the single dormer, with tiled apron and eyebrow eaves . early 19th century coach house mill were removed and one of the with stables and an earlier central millstones has been built into block with a hipped thatch roof. the roadside wall.

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BUILDINGS & MATERIALS continued Right: Rectory Cottage, Amport Road. Late 18th century thatched cob cottage with single storey thatched extension.

Right: Hals Croft, Abbotts Ann Road. Built 17th century with cob over flint base, some exposed frame and eyebrow dormers.

Fourways Cottage, at the crossroads; mid 18th century with half hipped roof and cat slide at rear.

Corner Cottage, Amport Road. Little Prospect Farmhouse. Built 17th century. Raised eyebrow eaves over upper windows and lowered over porch.

joined Thatched roofs are usually Restorations and

Little Cottage, Andover Road. Formerly two 18th century cottages, made from long straw or combed Newer Houses with eyebrow dormers. wheat reed; they tend to be either Restorations Old Cottages hipped or half hipped, with eaves Brewery House in Green Lane, The largest concentration of together and extended. Although raised over upper windows but originally The Bush Inn, was built thatched cottages is at the centre the cottages along the High Street lowered over porches, eyebrow around 1590. It was partially of the village. The three at the lack a pavement, they have the dormers, exposed frames in upper destroyed by fire in 1703 and was crossroads were built in the mid benefit of gardens going down to gables, and cat slides. Unpainted rebuilt in 1705. The surviving part 18th century, but the white painted the bank of the Pillhill Brook. cottages with walls of flint and of The Bush Inn now forms about cottages along the north side of Many of the older properties brick are built in a number of one third of Brewery House. the High Street are probably a have interesting architectural different styles: for instance During restoration work in century older. 16th and 17th features. The majority of the horizontal flint panels with 2002, the remains of severely century cottages tend to be house walls are constructed either brickwork. charred beams were found in the scattered throughout the village. of cob on flint bases or brick and Mellow red bricks have been part of the house which had Most cottages now comprise flint. A few cottages with slate or used with occasional blue bricks been the old Inn. Also discovered two or three former cottages which tile roofs are as originally built, forming patterns when used with were original brick, flint, cob, and have been renovated, joined but some have been tiled after fire. flint or with only brick. wattle and daub construction.

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Right: Brewery House, formerly the Bush Inn.

Below: Manor Farm.

Design Guidelines To maintain the distinctive appeal of Monxton, ancient and modern, in its rural location: • in the cases of new developments, effort should be made to ensure that they do not dominate the locality and should be blended sympathetically with nearby dwellings in respect of scale, Garden Cottage. materials and design. • smaller houses are preferred and care should be In Chalkpit Lane in the year Manor Farm dates back as a taken to ensure that low rooflines are achieved. 2000 fire destroyed Garden barn from around 1875. The sympa- Well proportioned dormer windows can be Cottage, a dwelling converted thetic conversion of two barns to a effective in achieving this. from a stable. A white painted, farm house was completed in 1992. • extensions should complement the existing building using materials which harmonise with those thatched house was rebuilt on the The front of the barn has been originally used. Wall heights and fenestration same site in 2002. The main factor rebuilt with local bricks and flint. should relate closely to the existing dwelling both influencing the design of this 21st Reclaimed slates were used for in materials and style. Roof extensions should be century cottage was the close the roof. The positioning of windows in the same material as the existing roof. proximity of the 16th century remains unaltered and original • if thatch is used, hipped roofs and raised cottage, Dingley Dell. beams have been retained. In 1997 eaves are traditional and should be considered in designs. Constructed of modern the building was judged to be an • the incorporation of flint in walls should be materials, Garden Cottage was outstanding example of converting considered; locally made bricks in mixed mellow designed to be similar in size and redundant farm buildings to a farm tones should be used. Other possibilities to be scale to the nearby cottage. house and received an architectural thought of include white or cream painted This has resulted in a house of award from the Country Land and rendered walls. charm and character enhancing Business Association’s (known as • roofs of thatch or slate are traditional but tiles its location. the ‘CLA’) Buildings Award Scheme. could be used and should be in mellow tones.

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Right: Jevron, Andover Road. BUILDINGS & MATERIALS continued Below: Morrells Farm: house at Prospect built traditionally with local flint and brick.

Right: Spinney Hill, Broad Lane. Below Left: Pillhill Lodge built at lower level than the road on Green Lane. Below Right: Burnside, Chalkpit Lane: roof-line kept low with dormer windows. Lower: Retirement bungalows, Sunnyside.

incompatible with large vehicles. windows so do not obtrude on The new dwellings in Green Lane the countryside. There are four are mostly sited below road level bungalows, all set well back from apart from two which are raised the road. on a bank. Prospect. The area is a mile Only seven new dwellings and a half south of the main were built in the 1990s and the settlement in Broad Road, with beginning of the 21st century. eight houses and several small Newer Houses For the most part, these houses businesses. Apart from two early Cambridge Cottage on Andover have been sited so that their scale 19th century dwellings all the Road is the oldest of the modern and design have allowed them to houses were built in the later part houses in Monxton. It was built by blend into their individual locations. of the 20th century. To the right King’s College in the early 20th This is of paramount importance off Broad Road is a lane with century, less than twenty years in preserving the character and small businesses, together with before the College sold its entire personality of the village. Morrells Farm, a dormer estate in the parish. Seventy-six Sunnybank. To the east a windowed brick and flint house

houses have been built since then. Cambridge Cottage, Andover Road. terrace of six retirement bungalows with design characteristics Most of the newer houses was built in 1961 when the name particularly sympathetic to were built post 1945. In Broad Substantial brick houses and Sunnybank was first used. In 1967 Monxton in both scale and style. Road the new properties are bungalows have been built on one Andover Rural District Council Prospect Farm is further south on mainly built on the west side of side of Chalkpit Lane. They are set built eighteen houses for people Broad Road with its contemporary the road and range through back from the road, secluded in from local parishes. They have farm buildings. Those no longer bungalows, semi-detached houses well spaced gardens with mature varying sized gardens pleasantly used for farming purposes house and detached houses, all in a trees and boundaries of hedge or arranged around a close. small businesses associated with variety of styles. brick. Chalkpit Lane is narrow and The houses all have dormer agriculture.

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This aerial photograph demonstrates particularly well the wooded nature of Monxton.

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