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Host Records for Lepidoptera Reared in Eastern North America

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Host Records for Lepidoptera Reared in Eastern North America I ~ 12.8 1f1'1~ W ~ II 1.0 W I~ IW a..: W III :;: ~ 1.1 ......... M 1.1 111111.8 1111,1.25 1111,1.4 111111.6 ""'1.25 '"" 1.4 111111.6 • I MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU or STANDARDS-J963-A NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS-J963-A fG C, 1; 0 U(:; '3 -I . Rr:-::-~~r: ;:-~.'CE a..-I .l' _., ~ tt ' 'S ~~ { DO NOT LOAN HOST RECORDS FOR LEPIDOPTERA REARED IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA >­ 0::: (0 a r­ l- en V) .-­ a I 0- l.{',) LW Cl en w 1.1.­ l'echnical Bulletin No. 1521 Agricultural Research Service UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CONTENTS Page Papilionidae______________________________________________________ 6 Pieridae__________________________________________________________ 6 Lycaenidae_______________________________________________________ 7 Nymphalidae_ - ------------ ------ ___________________________ . 7 Sphingidae_________ -------- -----____________________________ .__ __ _ 8 Saturniidae_______________________________________________________ 9 Arctiidac_ .------- ------------__ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ ___ __ __ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ 10 Ctenuchidae______________________________________________________ 12 Noctuidae ________________________________ ~_______________________ 12 Notodontidae_____________ . ________________________ ~______________ 18 Lymantriidae_ - -------- --- ---- ___ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ ___ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ 19 Lasiocampidae_ - ----- ---- ---- -- _" ______________ • ___________ .. __ __ _ 21 Thyatiridae___ ---- ---- -----­ .. ___ __ __ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ 21 I>repanidae_______________________________________________________ 21 Geometridae______________________________________________________ 21 Eucleidae_________________________________________________________ 30 Pyralidac_________________________________________________________ 30 Pterophoridae_____________________________________________________ 31 Tortricidae (Olethreutinae) ------- - __ _ _ _ __ __ ___ ___ ___ ____ __ ____ __ __ _ 31 Tortricidae (Eucosminae) ---- . -- -- __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ ____ __ __ 33 Tortricidac (Sparg:mothinae) _____ - - - __ _ _ __ _ _____ __ __ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ ____ __ _ 36 Tortricidae (Tortricinae) - ------ -- ________ __ ____ ____ __ ___ __ ___ _____ _ 36 Cochylidae (Phaloniidac) ----- --- -- __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ ___ __ 40 Oecophoridae_____________________________________________________ 40 Blast0basidac_____________________________________________________ 41 Glyphipterygidae__________________________________________________ 41 Sesiidac________________________________________________________ ._ 41 Heliodinidae_ --------- -------________________________ .. __ _ _ _ _ _ ___ __ 41 '(ponomcutidac___________________________________________________ 41 Heliozclidae __ - ------------- ____________________ . _________ . __ ___ __ 42 Gracillariidae_ - ­ .. --- ----- ----______ '"__ __ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ ___ __ _ _ __ __ 42 Lyonetiidae______ --- ---- -----______ __ __ ___ __ ___ __ ___ __ _ _ ____ ____ __ 44 Tischeriidae_ -- -------------____________________________________ • _ 44 N epticulidae ____ - -------- --- --_- __ .. _____________________ .. __ _ __ __ _ _ 44 Literature cited_ --"--- ----------______________________________ .. _ _ 45 Washington, D.C. Issued I>cccmber 1975 HOST RECORDS FOR LEPIDOPTERA REARED IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA By D. C. FERGUSON, Systematic; Entomo7ogy La,boratory, Northeastern Region, Agricultural Re8oorel~ Servic;c This bulletin provides host plant information r.nd other data on the species of Lepidoptera that I have reared from eggs or larvae, tOg'~ther with those reared by James H. McDunn0ugh while he was 11 re~:earch associate at the Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax. Localities, host plants, dates of adult emergence, and number of adults reared are given. This information was accumulated from field investigations in many places between the early 1940's and 1975, but much of it dates from intensive collecting in Nova Scotia, between 19·18 and 1963. Most of the microlepidoptera were rear011 by McDunnough and the macro­ lepidoptera by me, although there was some overlap. For brevity I have in general not differentiated between those responsible for the rearings, except several species reared by others; e.g., the additional records of Nova Scotian microlepidoptern. contributed by Barry Wright of the Nova Scotia Museum. Otherwise, all rearing records since 1962 are based on my work only. I identified all the macrolep­ idoptera included here. In addition, I have verified at the U.S. Na.­ tional .Museum, ",Vashington. n.c., and elsewhere many of McDun­ nough's original determinations of the microlepidoptera and have corrected 11 few errors. Host records are given for 487 species, based on about 5,572 preserved specimens, mostly spread adults, although associatecllaryae were kept of most broods reared from eggs, as indicated in the text. The arrangement is basically that of the checklist by McDurJlough (19.38, 1939),' but the nomenclature has been updated in accordance with many re\'ision~ since then. Some of the more important refer­ ences consulted for this purpose were M:cDunnough (1949, 1951,.a) , Forbes (1948,1954, 1,90()) , Heinrich (1956), Obraztsov (1963), Powell (1964), Razowski (196a) , Ferg-uson (1969), and Hodges (1974). Others are given in the Literature Cited. A reference in parentheses immediarC'!v following l1 seientific llame usually gives the source of a taxonOllJ. dmnge if the name differs from that used in the M:cDun­ 1 The year in italic after the author's nnme illdicatC'H the reference in Litera­ ture Cited, p. 45. 1 2 TECHNICAJJ BULLETIN 1521, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE nough checklist. Included also are a few original taxonomic changes that 'were considered necessary. Two families of nucrolepidoptera are omitted-the Gelechiidae, currently being studied by R 'Y. Hodges, and the Coleophoridae, be­ ing revised by Barry "Tright. Seyeral hundred specimens of tl}ese tWI) groups were reared in -SOYa, Scotia, especially the Coleophoriclae: ,vhich were one of ~rcDl1nnough's speeial ties. The broods reared ex ovo ,,,ere obtained from eggs laid by captive fe­ male moths collected in the field. ~\"ll other records, where no further explanation is gin~n, were, based on larnle collected from the host plant 11l1eI identified from the lulult, which subse(luently emerged. The dates gi n~n retel' to ell]('rgence 0 f rea red adults un less otherwise indicated. The dates for reared adults al'e of courSe not espccially meaningful, as species that fly in .TunC' or .Tuly outdoors may be in­ duced to C'merge in winter or par'ly spring indoors. Similarly, fan species, such as the hibemating cueulliine nl)etuids, often emerge in July or August wllPll reared. Howeyer. the dates are giyen to show when emer'gence may bC' expeete(l under hlboratory conditions and also to aid in correlating t.he information given here with tIl(' actual specimens shoulcl future redsers wish to reexamine and identify this material. Dates of hU'\'al preseJ'\'nJion l'e\'eal thC' tiJlJe of ye:ll' that [t species may be expected to be in tIll' last instal'. -Searly all larvae were in that stage when presen·ed. In parentl1eses followinf[ the <la.tD is the number of adults actually obtained from the. rearing. This n11mb<:'I' does not necessarily testify for or agtlinst the appropl'iatrne~c:;s of the host plant. Often a large and healthy brood of larvae was retU'ed to maturit.y, but all or nearly all the resulting pupae died during hibernation, l)]'csnmably because the un­ natural conditions under ,yhich they wel'c kept o\'el' winter WE're un­ satisfactory. Speci<:'s of Feralia, Semiothisa, and Ol'flw(idonia. were among thosc tlmt presented this problem repeat<:,clly. Some broods were lost to 'drus disea8{>s, and few if any pupae or adults \"ere obtained. Host records arc ,(!i\'pn for a ft'w species with distincti~'e, readily iden­ tifiable larnlC that were found in positi \'e association with specific plants, even though for VlLrious reasons no adults were obtained. These include such species as Papilio glaUrl(8, Limeniti,~ m'r1dppu..'), Dw'apsa plwZu,s. IIalisidota, ('{(}',1J{W, Jlal'J'isi1nemna t/'isignata, and Datana major. Sometimes the host given is not 1l:lti\'c to t.he locality where the insect was obtained as, for example, "Ne'llwria lh.Jarin (Gn.). Charles­ ton, S.C., ex ovo on Qller("Il.~ borealis," or ';Dasyrhim manto (Stkr.). Welaka, Fla., ex ovo on Pinus banksia:na." This simply means that the larvae were reared successfully on substitute foods where the na­ HOST RECORDS FOR LEPIDOPTERA REARED IN AMERICA 3 tive ones were unobtainable and that the natural hosts may be assumed to be closely related plants, in these cases other species of oak and pine that grow in the Southeast. A food plant on "which to rear lalTae hatched from eggs is usually selected by trial and error. It should be emphasized that the chosen plant, although successful as a food in the laboratory, may not be the usual host in nature. For example, chokecherry is a yery useful food for many relatively unspecialized macrolepidoptera in the Northeast, sweet gum for many species in the Southeast, and plantain or dan­ delion for many of the Arctiidae, but it cannot be assumed that these insects are regulRrly associated with these in nature or that they would not prefer some other plant if offered the choice. Some species thus easily reared occur naturally in IUlbitats where such plants never grow. About all that such host data ten us is that the larvae will accept these plants and may be successfully rea,red on them, The most reliable host records are 0btainecl by collecting larvae directly from identified plant speeies in the field, especially if they are found repeatedly on them or under any other circumstances that leave no doubt as to the host rela­ tionship. McDlUlllough's host nobltions on the specimen labels and sometimes eyen ill his published papers require some interpretation. Sometimr.>s he carefully identified the plant to species, but often he did not do so if he thought that its specific cletermination ,vas either unimportant or obvious to anyone familiar with the local flora.
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