THE MELECTINE BEES of CALIFORNIA (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae)

BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY VOLUME 1, NO. 5

THE MELECTINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae)

BY P. D. HURD, Jr., and E. G. LINSLEY (Division of Entomology and Parasito1ogy.University of California, Berkeley)

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES 195 1 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Editors :E. 0. Essig, S. B. Freeborn, E. G. Linsley, R. L. Usinger

Volume 1, No. 5, pp. 119-140, plate 11, 5 maps

Submitted by Editors, March 26, 1951

Issued October 31. 1951

Price 25 cents

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS

BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES CALIFORNIA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

LONDON, ENGLAND

PRINTED BY OFFSET IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE MELECTINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA

(Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae)

The bees included in the present synopsis Zacosmia and Xeromelecta are confined to fall within the tribe Melectini as defined the New World and appear to have had their by Michener (1944:286). Although there is origin in the Sonoran regions of Mexico and reason to believe that this tribe is poly- southwestern United States. Zacosnra is a phyletic, we have retained the catpgory as a specialized genus (as indicated by the re- matter of convenience until such time as the duced wing venation and maxillary palpi, ab- genera may be reixamined in the light of the sence of tarsal arolia, presence of a pygid- non-parasitic anthophorids, especially those ial plate in the male, etc.) still confined of Michener's tribe Anthophorini. primarily to the Sonoran Life Zones (2. mac- The North American melectine bees have ulata maculata to the Upper Sonoran, Z. mac- been recently revised by Linsley (1939) with ulata desertorum to the Lower Sonoran [map subsequent additions by Linsley (1943a) and 11). Xeromelecta does not appear to belong Michener (1948). All of the California spe- to the same phylogenetic line with Zacosnta. cies are parasitic either in the nests of Xerornelecta s. str. is monotypic and essen- An thophora (Cockerell, 1899; Hicks, 1927; tially confined to the Lower Sonoran Life Mickel, 1928; Linsley, 1939; et al. ) or Em- Zone (map1 5). The subgenus Melectonorpha, phoropsis (Linsley, 1943b). although abundant in the Sonoran Zones, has Although life histories have not been successfully invaded the Transition and Can- worked out in detail for any North American adian Zones and, as a result, one species form, Linsley and MacSwain (1942) have re- ranges from at least as far south as central ported some of the features of the biology Mexico (Zacatecas) to British Columbia and of Xeromelecta (Melectonorpha) californica from the Pacific Coast to the Mississippi (Cresson) as a parasite of Anthophora lins- River (map 51.. An apparently related genus leyi Timberlake. They state that the egg is (or subgenus), Nesomelecta, occurs in herto deposited just inside of the opening of the Rico, a fact which further emphasizes the uncompleted nest cell of the host bee and is probable southern origin of this group. attached to the cell wall by one end. The Melecta, on the other hand, shows affin- incubation period of the egg of the parasite ities with the Old World melectine fauna, is shorter than that of the host and the and the genus is well represented in Europe hatching larva destroys the host egg by and Asia. The northern relationship of the means of its long, slender mandibles. The American species is also indicated by their larva then consumes the pollen store and present distributional patterns (see maps 2- when mature, constructs a tough, brown co- 4) and the fact that they are largely con- coon which completely fills the cell. The fined to the Pacific, Rocky Mountain, and winter is passed as an inactive larva within Atlantic cordilleran areas. Where the more the cocoon and pupation occurs in the plastic species (pacrfrca and separata) have spring. The pupa, unlike that of Anthophora, successfully invaded the Sonoran Life Zone has a pair of spiny tubercles on the meso- they are represented by subspecifically dis- notum, and is capable of considerable mo- tinct populations (maps 3, 41. One species, tion. Under laboratory conditions the pupal M. edwardoi i, is apparently narrowly endem- period averaged about one month. Adult emer- ic, being restricted in its distribution to gence reaches its peak from four to six the Upper Sonoran Life Zone from the north- weeks after the host bees appear. central coast ranges of California southward In the present paper, four genera and to the San Bernardino Mountains and southern twelve species and subspecies are recorded coast ranges (map 2). Morphologically this from California. Of the remaining North species has diverged fromMelecta s. str. American forms (exclusive of those from the and has been placed in a monotypic subgenus West Indies) we recognize only two or three (Melec tomimus). a8 probably valid species. In reporting distributional data for the 119 120 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

various species discussed below, we have re- Kansas (K.U. 1 , Los Angeles County Museum corded the location of specimens from which (L.A.M. 1, Oregon State College (0.S.C. 1, California records have been taken. The fol- University of California, Davis (U.C.D.), lowing abbreviations have been used for in- University of California, Citrus Experiment stitutional collections: American Museum of Station, Riverside (U.C.R. 1, University of Natural History (A.M.N.H. 1, Acadamy of Natu- Minnesota, (U.M. and the University of ral Sciences, Philadelphia (A.N.S.P.), Cali- Nebraska (U.N.), We are indebted to the au- fornia Academy of Sciences (C.A.S.), Cali- thorities of these institutions, as well as fornia Insect Survey, University of Califor- to individuals whose records are separately nia, Berkeley (C.I.S.), University of Colo- reported, for the privilege of studying the rado (C.U.), Illinois Natural History Survey specimens which have formed the basis of (I.N.H.S.), University of Idaho (X.U.1, Kan- this report. sas State College (K.S.C. 1, University of

Key to the Genera of Melectini in California

1. Marginal cell much longer than male with a pygidial plate pterostigma (pl. 11,a); max- ...... Zacosmia (p. 122) illary palpi three to six segmented; tarsi with arolia; 2(1). Inner ramus of middle and pos- antennae of male with inter- terior tarsal claws broad and mediate flagellar segments at lobe-like (pl. 11,g); maxil- most twice as broad as long; lary palpi three or four seg- seventh abdominal tergite of mented; antennae of male with male without a pygidial plate intermediate flagellar seg- ...... ments distinctly broader than Marginal cell scarcely longer long ...... XeromeZecta (p. 121) than pterostigma (pl. 11,b); Inner ramus of middle and pos- maxillary palpi with one free terior tarsal claws slender, segment; tarsi without aro- usually long (pl. 11,i); max- lia; antennae of male with illary palpi five or six seg- intermediate flagellar segmented; antennae of male with ments greatly thickened, sev- intermediate flagellar seg- eral times as broad as long; ments about as long as broad seventh abdominal tergite of ...... MeZecta (p. 120)

Key to the California Species of Melecta

1. First abdominal tergite with lobes armed with a long slen- long, erect, pale hairs; max- der spine; pygidial plate of illary palpi five segmented female broad, covering ex- or with a short sixth seg- posed surface of sixth ter- ment; scutellar lobes acute gite (MeZectomimus) ...... or armed with a stout spine; ...... edwardsii (p. 123) pygidial plate of female narrowed apically, not covering 2(1). Anten'nae thirteen segmented; sixth tergite (Meleeta S. abdomen with seven visible str.) ...... 2 segments, the last without a First abdominal tergite without pygidial plate (males) ...... 3 long, erect, pale hairs; max- Antennae twelve segmented; ab- illary palpi six segmented, domen with six visible seg- the sixth segment nearly as ments, the last with a pygid- long as fifth; soutolltar ial plate (females) ...... 6 THE MELECTINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 121

Clypeus usually clothed with face; vertex without an im- long white pubescence; outer punctate, shining triangular face of both middle and hind area in front of anterior tibiae white pubescent; abdo- ocellus; ventral apical proc- men usually with white lat- ess of gonocoxite with short, eral hair bands ...... sparse hairs; apex of last Clypeus wholly or predominently abdominal tergite deeply clothed with black pubes- emarginate ... pacifica (p. 126) cence; outer face of middle and hind tibiae black pubes- Antennae with first flagellar cent; abdomen without white segment longer than second 7 lateral hair bands ...... Antennae with first flagellar segment shorter than second 4(3). Antennae with first flagellar ...... bohartorunr (p. 124) segment distinctly shorter than second; antennal flagel- Vertex in front of anterior lum without deep pit-like ocellus without a distinct sensoria on inner ventral impunctate, shiny, triangular surface; ventral apical proc- area; pygidial plate narrowed ess of gonocoxite with short and more or less parallel- sparse hairs ...... sided posteriorly, apex nar- ...... bohartorulr (p. 124) rowly rounded ...... 8 Antennae with first flagellar Vertex in front of anterior segment distinctly longer ocellus with an impunctate, than second; antennal flagel- shiny, triangular area about lar segments with deep pit- as long as or longer than the like sensoria on inner ven- diameter of the ocellus; py- tral surface (pl. 11,~);ven- gidial plate broad, gradually tral apical process of gono- narrowed posteriorly, apex coxite with a brush of long broadly rounded ...... bristle-like hairs ...... thoracica (p. 126) ...... separata (p. 124) Antennae with first flagellar 5(3). Antennal flagellar segments segment about one and one- with deep pit-like sensoria half times as long as second; on inner ventral surface mesoscutum with a transverse (pl. 11,~);vertex with an band of thin black pubescence impuncta te, shining triangu- between wing bases; abdomen lar area in front of anterior usually with white lateral ocellus; ventral apical proc- hair bands .... separata (p. 124) ess of gonocoxite with a Antennae with first flagellar brush of long, bristle-like segment but little longer hairs; apex of last abdominal than second; mesoscutum with- tergite broadly truncate .... out a transverse band of ...... thoracica (p. 126) black pubescence; abdomen Antennal flagellar segments without white lateral hair without deep pit-like sen- bands ...... pacifica (p. 126) soria on inner ventral sur-

Key to the California Species of Xeromelecta 1. Mandibles with inner margin Mandibles with inner margin bi- unidentate (pl. 11,e); scu- dentate (pl. 11,d); scutellar tellar lobes unarmed; maxil- lobes armed with a posterior lary palpi with last segment tooth or spine; maxillary pal- much longer than penultimate; pi with last segment shorter mesonotum uniformly, densely than penultimate: mesonotum clothed with fulvous or ful- irregularly clothed with white vochraceous pubescence ...... and black pubescence X. (Ue- X. (Xeromelecta) Zarreae(p. 128) lectororpha) californica (p. 128) Discussion of Species

Zacosmia maczdata (Cresson) VI-30-40 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S. ); 3 P, VIII-11-50 (P. D. Hurd. Jr., C.I.S.). Cresson. 1879, Trans. Melecta maculata Oaklev, 8, VLII-22-37 (E. C. Van Dyke, Amer. Ent. SOC., 7:204, 8.3; Linsley, C.A.S. 1. 1939, Ann. Amer. Ent. SOC., 460-461, 32: INYO CO.: Lone Pine, Q, V-21-37 (E. C. 8, 0. Van Dyke. C.A.S. 1. Geographic range: LASSEN CO.: Hallelujah Jct., 8, See map 1. VII-4-49 (J. E. Gillaspy, C.I.S.); 2 8, 7 Q, same data, (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S. 1; Discussion: 8, same data (C. I. Smith, C.I.S.); 2 9, The genus Zacosmia may readily be dis- VII-7-49 (J. E. Gillaspy, C.1.S.); 2 8, tinguished from the other North American 3 0, same data (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S. 1. melectine bees by the absence of tarsal LOS ANGELES CQ.: Tanbark Flat, Sari arolia and the greatly enlarged, ring-like Dimas Experimental Forest, 0, VI-23-50 flagellar segments of the male. The wing (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Redondo Beach, venation is somewhat variable and examples Q, VII-1930 (C.1.s.). Claremont, 8, Q (c. have been seen with either the first or F. Baker, U.C.H.). Piute Butte, 0, V-12-44 second transverse cubitus lacking from one (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). or both wings, In this respect, Zacosmaa MERCED 0.:Dos Palos, 6, IX-8-49 (J. approaches the monotypic genus Brachyme- E. Gillaspy). Turner Island, near Dos lecta. Palos, 6, VI-18-50 (C. D. MacNeill, C.I.S.). Zacosmia contains two nominal species, NEVADA 0.:Hobart Mills, 7 mi. N., 8, maculata (Cresson) and suffusa (Viereck). VIII-26-48 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). The latter is known only from Alberta and RIVERSIDE CO.: Riverside, 32 8, 12 9, its exact status remains to be determined. April-October, 1924-1942 (P. H. Timber- The species aaculata is better known and lake, U.C.R.). Keen Camp, Sen Jacinto appears to be geographically ditypic (map MA., 3 8, 9, VI-10-39 (E. G. Linsley, 1). Both subspecies occur in California C.I.S.); 6, same data (E. S. Ross, and the characters utilized for their sep- C.I.S.). Hemet, 8, VIII-12-46 (J. W. Mac- aration are presented below. Swain, C.I.S.); 8, VIII-24-46 (J. W. Mac- Swain, C.I.S.). Corona, 8, V-1911 (C.I.S.). The Gavilan, 8, IV-18-40 (P. H. Zacosmia maculatrl mucuulata (Cresson) Timberlake, U.C.R. 1. Perris, 8, VII-23-34 (C. M. Darners, U.C.R.). Pigeon Pass, Q, Yelecta rnaculata Cresson. 1879, Trans. V-25-30 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Joshua her. Ent. SOC., 7:204. Type 9, Nevada Tree National Monument, Q, V-20-41 (E. C. (A.N.s.P. 1. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Gilman Hot Springs, 8, V-30-41 (F. C. Hadden, C.A.S.). Geographic range: SACRAMENTO CO.: Rio Vista, 8, VIII-9-50 See map 1. (J. E. Gillaspy). Host : SAN BElWARDINO CO.: Kramer Hills, 9, V-3-39 Timberlake, U.C.R.). 2 3, Ant hop ho r a (Mic ran t hopho ra) cur t a Cres- (P. H. V-16-36 (C. hmmers, d.C.R.1. MoronRo, son (Hicks, 1934:265-266, fig. 2). M. Q, IX-26-44 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R. 1. California records: Colton, 6, V-(26 to 281-17 (E. P, Vanhzee, ALAUEDA CO.: Tesla, Corral,6. C.A.S. 1. IX-25-48 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S. 1; 8, SAN DIEGO 0.:Jhcinitag, 8, Q, X-15-48 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). VI-28-34 (T. D. A. Cockerell, U.C.R.); 3, CONTRA COSTA CO.: Antioch, 9, IX-9-35 9, same data (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). (G. E. & R. M. Bohart, C.I.S.); 8, Oceau, 9, VIII-17-46 (P. H. Timber- VIII-22-37 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S. 1; 0, lake, U.C.R. 1. VIII-21-38 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 8, STANISLAUS CO.: 8, August (C.1.S.).

122 THE MELECTINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 12 3

Discussion : Melecta (Melectomimus) edwardsii Cresson' This subspecies is characterized in the Melecta edwardsii Cresson, 1878, Trans. male by the usually piceous or black col- Amer. Ent. SOC., 7:92. Type 6, Cali- oration of the antennal scape, legs, tegulae and pygidial field. The darker areas fornia (A.N.S.P. ). of the abdomen are clothed with bromish- Geographic range: black pubescence. The abdominal sternites See map 2. are sparsely pubescent. The female may normally be recognized by the piceous or Host: black antennae, legs, pronotal tubercles ? Emphoropsis sp. (Linsley, 1939:450). and sternites. The abdominal pubescence is California records: like that of the male. CONTRA COSTA Antioch, 8, IV-22-33 Certain specimens assignable to macu- 00.: C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 8, IV-4-36 lata s. str., and which are from the more (E. (C.I.S.); 20, IV-18-36 Bohart, arid localities within the geographic (G. E. C.I.S.); 9, IV-25-36 (C.1.S.); 68, range of this subspecies closely approach IV-11-37 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 39, the coloration of the Lower Sonoran sub- 58, IV-18-37 C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 6, species, deser rum. (E. to IV-1937 (E. S. ROSS, C.A.S.); 58, IV-24-38 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 0, V-8-38 (Go E* & R. M. Bohart); 98, IV-2-39 (E. c. Van Zacosmia macdata desevtorum (Cockerell) Dyke, C.A.S. ); 28, IV-4-39 (G. E. Bohart, U.C.D. ); p, IV-29-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.1.S.); 29, same data (J. W. MacSwain, Zacosmia macula t a dese rto rum Cockerel 1, C.I.S. 1; 0, V-8-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., 1916, Canad. Ent., 48:391. Type 8, C.I.S.). Juarez (Chihuahua) Mexico. MS ANGELES 0.:Ontario, 0, IV-20-36 Geographic range: (J. R. Warren, C.I.S.). hKNTEREY CO.: Jamesburg, 8, VI-13-38 See map 1. (C. D. Michener, K.U.). California records : RIVERSIDE CO.: Riverside, 0, IV-4-30 IMPERIAL CO.: Calexico, 8, IV-28-50 (c. (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 8, 111-14-33 D. MacNeill, C. I.S. 1. Westmorld, 0, (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 8, 111-15-33 V-15-33 (C.I.S. 1; 0. V-21-32 (C.I.S. 1 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 8, 9, INYO CO.: Lone Pine, 8, VI-4-37 (E. C. 111-20-33 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 6, Van Dyke, C.A.S.). 111-21-33 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 8, RIVERSIDE CO.: -. 2 8, VI-24-45 111-7-34 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). &- (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); 8, V-8-47 (E. G. ecula. 6. Q, IV-11-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., Linsley. C.I.S.). Andreas Canyon, 8, C.I.S.). The Gavilan, 8, IV-17-38 (P. H. IV-28-48 (P. H. Timberlake. U.C.R.). Timberlake. U.C.R. ). SAN DIEGO 0.:San FeliDe Creek, 8, SAN BENITO CQ.: Pinnacles National VI-5-36 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Monument, 8, V-3-46 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Discussion: SAN DIEGO 0.:San Dieao, 8 (F.. E. Desertorur may be recognized in the Blaisdell, C.A.S.). Coronado Beach, 8, 49, male by the reddish antennal scape, legs, IV-27-90 (F. E. Blaisdell, C.A.S.). tegulae, and py~idialfield. In addition, SAN F"CISc0 CO.: San Franciscp D " the pale brownish pubescence of the darker (F. E. Blaisdell, C.A.S. 1. Sari Franck, areas of the abdomen distinguishes it from sand dunes , 28, IV-11-20 (C. L. FOX, maculata s. str., males. The female of C.A.S., U.C.R.); 8, IV-6-22 (C. L. Fox, desertorum has the antennae, legs, prono- C.A.S.); Q, IV-30-22 (C. L. Fox. C.A.S.); tal tubercles reddish, while the darker 8, v-3-25 (C. L. Fox, C.A.S.). areas of the abdomen are clothed with pale yellowish-brown pubescence instead of brownish-black as in the nominate sub- 'Bombomelecta rygos Viereck is a synonym of species. this species. 124 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

YOLO 0.:Putah Canyon, 8, IV-1-38 (B. 1939, Ann. Ent. SOC. Amer., 32:443-444, E, White, C.I.S.). 81 9. Discussion: Geographic range: Edwardsii may readily be identified by See map 3. the very long scutellar spines and the Hosts: complete absence of long, pale, erect hairs on the first abdominal tergite. We regard Anthophora spp. it as subgenerically distinct from the Discussion: other known Melecta, an interpretation Separata is probably the most variable which is supported by its very limited geographically of the North American Mel- distribution (map 2). ecta. Six differentiation units have been named but only three of these are reason- ably well known. The distributional records for this species are suggestive of a MeLecta (MeLecta) bobartoram Linsley rassenkreis (map 3). Each of the segre- Melecta (Melecta) bohartorun Linsley, gates is characterized by quantitative 1939, Ann. Et. SOC. Amer., 32:442-443. differences in the color of the pale pubescence. Type p. near Mojave, California Three of the subspecies are now known (C.A.S. 1. to occur in California, namely, separata Geographic range: s. str., callura, and mojavensis. The See map 2. nominate subspecies is chiefly of Great Basin montane distribution. Callura occu- California records: pies that area of California lying to the INYO 0.:Westgaard Pass (summit), o , west of the crest of the Sierra Nevada. VI-15-37 (C. D. klichener, K.U. ). Mojavensis is known only from a small KERN CO.: Moiave, 29, IV-10-36 (G. E. population in the northwestern edge of & R. M. Ebhart, C.A.S., C.I.S.). W& the Wojave Desert. Its exact status re- u,8, IV-26-49 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S. 1. mains to be determined. MS ANGELES CO.: UQ,p, V-11-35 (C. M. Dammers, U.C.R.), SAN BERNARDINO 0.:Providence Mts** 0, V-15-38 (D. Meadows, L.A.M.). Melecta separata separata Cresson' Discussion : Melecta separata Cresson, 1879, Trans. This species is the least known member Amer. Et. SOC., 29:179. Type 0, Nev- of the genus in California. As may be ada (A.N.S.P. ). seen from map 2, bohartorua is apparently restricted to the mountainous areas sur- Geographic range: rounding the northern Mojave Desert. The See map 3. male of this species has now been col- lected and agrees in essential features California records: with the characterization of the female INYO CO.: Bishoe, p, VI-22-29 (E. P. given by Linsley (1939:442). As in that Van Duzee, C.A.S.). sex, the first flagellar segment of the NEVADA CO.: 'Jruckee, p, VI-13-27 (E. antennae is much shorter than the second. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). The shape of the gonostylus and the ves- PLUMAS CO.: Meadow Valler, Q, V-13-49 titure of the ventral apical process of (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). the gonocoxite suggest a relationship SHASTA CO.: Hat Lake, 30, VI-14-41 with pacifica. The antennal flagellar (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.1.S.); 0, VI-18-41 sensorial areas are shallow, narrow, and (C. w. Anderson, C.I.S.); PI VI-14-41 linear in outline. (C.I.S. 1.

Melecta (Melecta) separata Cresson 'Boabonelecta niaculata Viereck (nec Cresson) should be considered a synonym of this sub- Me Zecta separata Cresson, 1879, Trans. species and not of Melecta separata callura Amer. Ent. SOC., 7~204,9; Linsley (Cockerell). THE MELECTINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 125

Discussion: RIVERSIDE CO.: Riverside, 9 , IV-4-30 In general, this subspecies may be rec- (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 29, 111-10-33 ognized by the reduction or absence of the (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 29, 111-7-34 pale bands of abdominal pubescence. Fre- (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 29, 111-9-34 quently specimens referrable to this sub- (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, 111-6-36 species display variation in the extent of (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, 111-14-36 the pale abdominal pubescence within a (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, IV-13-36 single local population. In some, this pu- (C. M. Dammers, U.C.R.); 9, IV-17-36 (P. bescence will approach the large sized H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, IV-3-38 (P. H. pale areas exhibited by callura, and in Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, 111-22-46 (P. H. others the pubescence may be reduced to Timberlake, U.C.R. 1. Perrig, 9, IV-3-36 very small, inconspicuous patches. The (C.I.S.). Arlinaton, 8, IV-18-31 (C. M. legs of the female are entirely black pu- Dammers, U.C.R.). Keen Camu, San Jacinto bescent, and the white pubescence on the b.,p, IV-2-33 (C. M. Dammers, U.C.R. 1. legs of the male is confined largely to The Gavilap, t, 111-1936 (F. R. Platt, the intermediate and posterior tarsi. U.C.R.); 9, IV-13-36 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Melecta separata callura (Cockerell) SAN BERNARDINO CO. : Bonanza King Mine, Providence Mountains, 9, IV-10-36 (C. M. Bombomelecta callura Cockerell, 1926, Pan- Dammers, U.C.R.). Pacific Ent., 3:58. Type 8, Mill Val- SAN JOAQUIN 0.:Tracy, 6 mi. w., 28, ley, Marin County, California (C.A.S.). 9, 111-4-48 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 6, same data (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Geographic range: STANISLAUS 0.:Westley, 8, 9, IV-1-48 See map 3. (P. D. Hurd. Jr., C.I.S.). Adobe Creek, Host: p, V-6-48 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). TULARE Lindsay, 9, IV-1-33 (P. H. Anthophora edwardsii Cresson. 0.: Timberlake, U.C.R.); 0, IV-10-33 (P. H. California records: Timberlake, U.C.R. 1. Tulare, 8, 9, ALAMEDA CO.: Berkeley, p, 111-22-31 (G. 111-9-37 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R. ). Heid, C.A.S.); 8, 111-11-31 (G. E. & R. M. YOU) CO.: Davig, 9, 111-1-34 (C.I.S.). Bohart); 8, 111-10-33 G. Linsley, (E. Discussion: C.I.S.); 8, 111-14-37 (G.E. & R.M. Bohart); 9, IV-10-38 (C. D. Michener, K.U. 1; 0, This subspecies is the commonest mem- 11-16-39 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 2 9, ber of the separata complex on the Pa- 111-7-39 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Oak- cific Coast. The males possess large, conspicuous white lateral pubescent land, 0, 111-1931 (C.I.S.). Oaklw, 9, 111-5-39 (E. G. Linsley. C.I.S. 1. patches on abdominal tergites two to six, CALAVERAS CO.: Mokelumne Hill., 0, Feb- though sometimes those on tergite two may ruary (F. E. Blaisdell, C.A.S. 1. be reduced or lacking. The abdominal pubescent patches of the female are some- CONTRA COSTA 0.:Somersville, 38, 11 9, what reduced, but on the average are 11-15-41, ex-nests of Anthophora edoardsii (E. G. Linsley. J. W. MacSwain, and R. F. larger than those of the nominate subspecies. The legs of both sexes are Smith, C.I.S.); 9, 11-18-47 (J. W. Mac- Swain, C.I.S.). Point Richmond, P, largely black pubescent, although the 111-30-47 (C. A. Hanson, C.I.S.). hind tibiae, and the middle and hind tar- FRESNO CO.: Coalinna. Los Gatos Canyon, si frequently possess considerable whibe 8, 111-17-31 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). pubescence. u)S ANGELES CO.: Griffith Park, Angeles, 0, IV-5-36 (E. G. Linsley, Melecta separata mojuuensis Linsley C.I.S.). Mint Canyon, 9, V-3-36 G. .(E. Melecta separata nojavensis Linsley, Linsley, C.I.S.); 0, V-10-36 (E. G. Lins- ley, C.I.S.). 1939, Ann. Ent. Sac. her., 32:446- MENDOCIN0 0.:Ryan Creek, 28, 447. Type 0, Mojave, California 111-26-49 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). (C.A.S. 1. MONTERN 0.:Stone Canyon, 8, Geographic range: 111-22-31 (E. P. Van Duzee. C.A.S.). See map 3. 126 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

California records: that what Michener believed to be males of Known only from the type series. pacifica were apparently males of thoracica. The genitalia of pacifica has the Discussion: ventral apical process of the gonocoxite Mojavensis differs chiefly from cal- provided with short, more or less pale lura, the closest recognized segregate, hairs. The seventh abdominal tergite is in the possession of fulvochraceous tho- plainly emarginate on its posterior margin racic and facial pubescence. It appears to and the antennal flagellar sensorial areas be a very localized differentiation unit. are elongate, narrow and scarcely differ- Its coloration is at times approached by entiated from the adjacent integument. In certain early spring or teneral specimens thoracica, as we understand the species, of callura. However, until such time as the ventral apical process of the gonocox- the interracial relationships of the var- ite is provided with a brush of long, ious subspecies of separata are better bristle-like hairs. The seventh abdominal understood, the writers have retained tergite is broadly truncate on its poste- name. rior margin and the antennal flagellar sensorial areas are represented by small, Melecta (Melecta) thoracica Cresson:’ deep, pit-like excavations, one per segment. In both sexes, immediately before Melecta thoracica Cresson, 1875, Wheeler the anterior ocellus, a triangular, im- Exp., Zool., 5:726, plate 33, figure 5. punctate and glabrous area, which is as Type 0, “eastern Nevada” C Colorado?l long as or longer than a diameter of the (A.N.S.P. 1. ocellus, is present. Geographic range: A careful comparison of thoracica (as understood by us) and has failed See map 2. sierrae to reveal any morphological differences Host: and sierrae is therefore considered syn- Esphoropsis cinerea Smith, subsp. onymous with thoracica. (Linsley, 1943: 160). The majority of the specimens which have been seen by us possess yellowish- Ca 1i fornia records: white pubescence on the dorsum of the ELDORAW CO. : Snow line C- 9, thorax and first abdominal tergite. How- VI-20-48 (0. E. Myers, C.I.S.). Placeg- ever, specimens from Zion National Park, ville, 0, IV-18-32 (F. H. Wymore, U.C.D.). although agreeing morphologically with MARIPOSA CO.: Mama Ranger Station, 39, thoracica, possess pubescence as fulvous V-15-42 (E. G. Linsley, C.1.S.); 0, as the darkest specimens of fulvida. If V-16-42 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). these are the true thoracica, sierrae Discussion: may prove to be subspecifically distinct. In California thoracica appears to be Thoracica has virtually remained unrec- confined to the Sierra Nevada Mountains ognized since it was first described by and its southern extensions. Cresson. The species was not known to- Linsley (1939: 4361, but later (1945: 151- 153) he rediscovered and recharacterized Melecta (Melecta) pacifica Cresson the female of thoracica and illustrated hfelecta pacifica Cresson, 1878, Trans. some of its structural features. Michener (1948: 17) in examining the genitalia and Amer. Ent. Soc., 7:91, 9; Linsley, 1939, Ann. Eht. SOC. Amer.. 8, associated structures of ‘pacifica*’ ma- 32:439, 9. terial from the Rocky Mountains concluded that pacifica and fulvida (treated as sub- Geographic range: species by Linsley, 1939: 439 ff.) repre- See map 4. sented distinct species. A rezxamination of this material reveals Discu ssion : This species is divisible into two subspecies, both of which occur in Cali- 3Melecta (Melecta) sierrae Linsley is a syn- fornia. It superficially resembles tho- onym of this species, (New synonymy). racica but may be readily separated by the THE MELECTINE BEES OF CALIFQRNIA 127

absence of deep, pit-like antennal flagel- Bohart, C.I.S.). Eagle Rock, 0, 11-22-35 lar sensorial areas, and by the presence (C. D. Michener, K.U.). of an emargination on the apex of the sev- MARIPOSA CO.: El Portal, 9, V-18-38 enth abdominal tergite. Females may be (C.I.S. 1. distinguished from those of thoracica by MDNTEREY CO.: Paraiso Springs, 8, the absence, or very nearly so, of the IV-8-34(L. S. Slevin, I.N.H.S.,. triangular area before the anterior ocel- PLACEFt 0.:Towla, 29, VI-25-33 (M. A. lus. In addition, the pygidial plate nar- Cazier, U.C.R.). &&, 29, IV-7-39 rows towards the apex and becomes paral- (C.I.S. 1. lel-sided, while in thoracica it is tri- RIVERSIDE CO.: piversidg, 8. 111-13-33 angular or cuneiform in outline. (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 26, 111-7-34 A study of the holotype of Melecta (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R. 1; 8, 29, semifulva Cockerell suggests that it is 111-12-34 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 0, conspecific with pacifica. We have been 111-14-34 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.H.1; 8, unable to discover any morphological dif- 11-27-36 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 8, ferences, but since it is clothed with 11-7-38 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 9, long, grayish-brown hair on the abdominal 11-21-38 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). The tergites its facies is quite different Gavil_an 9, V-18-39 (P. H. Timberlake, from that of any other specimens of pacif- U.C.R.); 9, V-10-50 (P. H. Timberlake, ica seen by us. U.C.R.); 8, IV-16-50 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Perris, 2 mi. W., 111-19-36 (P. Melectu pacificu pacifica Cresson' H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Temeculg, ?, IV-11-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). ddelecta pacifica Cresson, 1878, Trans. SAN BE3WRDINO 00.: %i&two od, 9, her. Ent. SOC., 7:91. Type Q, Cali- VI-8-32 (C. M. Dammers, U.C.R.). fornia (A.N.S.P. ). Linda, 9. V-20-33 (A. J. Basinger, Geographic range: U.C.R. 1. San Bernardino, 10 mi. W., 9, V-26-36 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.1. & See map 4. Creek, 9, IV-26-36 (E. G. Linsley, California records: c. I.S. 1. SAN DIEGO 0.:Cuvamacq, 8, IV-9-50 ALAMEDA 0.:Tesla, Corral Hollow 8 ', IV-27-50 (W. F. Ehrhardt, C:I.S.). (J. W. MacSwain, C. I.S.) . ALPINE CO.: Hope Valley, P , VII-9-48 SAN LUIS OBISPO CO, : Maricopa Grade, (C. D. MacNeill. C.I.S.); 2, same data (J. 9, 111-21-31 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 0, VII-18-48 (P. D. SHASTA 0.:Kat Creek, 9, VI-1-41 (E. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). G. Linsley, C.I.S.); P, VI-17-48 (L. G. EWm0. : Snowline camp, 9, Smith, C.I.S.). Viola, 4 mi. w., 9, VI-20-48 (K. W. Tucker, C.I.S.). V-29-41 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). Hat KERN CO.: Green Horn Mts., 9, V-7-31 Lake, Lassen National Park, 8, VI-3-41 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.) . lsabella, 0, (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.); 0, VI-14-41 V-17-37 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Glenn- (C. W. Anderson, C.I.S.); 9, same data ville, ?, IV-22-50 (R. M. Bohart, U.C.D.). (P. D. Hurd, Jr.. C.I.S.); 8, same data LASSEN CO.: Cinder Cone, 8, V-19-41 (P. (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.). D. Hurd, Jr., C. I.S. 1. Summit CamD, 9, TRINITY 0.:Big Flat, Coffee Creek, VI-28-49 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S. 1; 29, 4, VI-21-34 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S. 1. same data (L. L. Jensen, C.I.S.); 89, same data (J. N. Simons, C.I.S.); 29, same data (C. I. Smith, C.I.S.). Discussion: LOS ANGELES 0.:Claremont, 28, 9 (C. This subspecies is characterized by F. Baker, U.C.R.). Swartout Vallsv. 9, the white, grayish-white or ochraceous VI-3-28 (W. H. Thorpe, U.C.R.). Mint Can- pubescence on the vertex, occiput, dor- =, e, V-3-36 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). sum of thorax and first abdominal ter- Palmdalg, 8, IV-11-36 (G. E. 81 R. M. gite. Some specimens from intergradation areas (map 4) are difficult to allocate to one or the other subspecies since 4~lelectathornica Bray is a misidentifica- they are intermediate in colorational tion as well as Zapsus for this subspecies. features. 128 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Melecta pacifica fulvida Cresson RIVERSIDE 0.:Diverside, 8, V-22-35 (C. Dammers, U.C.R.). Palm Springs, 0, var. Cresson, M. Melecta pacifica, fulvida IV-23-33 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). 1879, Trans. her. Ent. SOC., 7:204. SAN BENITO 0.:Pinnacles National Mon- Type P, Nevada (A.N.S.P.). ument, C, V-19-41 (J. W. MacSwain, Geographic range: C.I.S.). See map 4. SAN BERNARDINO CO.: Mitchells Caverns, Providence Nts., 29, V-18-35 (C. M. California records: Dammers, U.C.R.). h~Creek, 48, 69, LASSEN (33.: Black's Mt., 9, VI-13-41 IV-6-36 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); 6, V-5-36 (C. W. Anderson, C.I.S. 1; 9, same data (P. (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S. 1; 106, 39, same D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). data (P. €I.Timberlake, U.C.R.). LlODOC 0.:Happy CamD, Modoc National SAN DIEGO 00.: Boreao Valley, 0, Forest, P, V-6-34 (K. A. Salman, C.I.S.). IV-10-33 (H. S. Gentry, C.1.S.); 26, MONO CO.: West Walker Riva, 7200 ft., IV-10-36 (C.I.S., 1.N.H.S.) 0, VI-25-37 (C. D. Michener, K.U.). NEVADA 0.:Truckee, 0, VI-18-27 (E. P. Discussion: Van Duzee, U.C.R.); P, VI-19-27 (E. P. Van The genus Xeromelecta may be readily Duzee, U.C.R.); 29, VII-4-27 (E. P. Van distinguished from Melecta by the lobe- Duzee, C.A.S.); 0, VI-15-27 (E. P. Van like inner ramus of the tarsal claws, the Duzee, C.A.S.); 0, VII-13-27 (E. P. Van abbreviated maxillary palpi which are at Duzee, C.A.S. 1. most four segmented, and the enlarged fla- SHASTA (33.: Hat Lake, Lessen National gellar segments of the male antennae. The -Park, 9, VI-14-41 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., nominate subgenus possesses unidentate C.I.S.). Crater Lake & .. 29, VI-26-50 (M. mandibles, unarmed scutellar lobes, and an Wasbauer, C.I.S.). elongate last segment of the maxillary palpi. It contains but one species, x. Discus sion : (X.) Zarreae which may be easily recog- This subspecies may be recognized by nized by the erect, dense, fulvous or ful- the fulvous coloration of the pubescence vochraceous mesonotal pubescence, very on the vertex, occiput, dorsum of thorax black wings, and evanescent abdominal hair and first abdominal tergite. In its Cali- bands. Yelectoaorpha seems best regarded fornia distribution, fulvrda occurs prin- as a subgenus of Xeronelecta, differing cipally to the east of the crest of the primarily in the bidentate mandibles, Sierra Nevada (map 4). acute or armed scutellar lobes, shorter maxillary palpi with the last segment ab- Xeronielecta (Xeromelecta) larreae breviated and the pattern of mesonotal and (Cockerell .' abdominal pubescence.

Bombome Zecta Zarreae Cockerell, 1900, Xeromelecta (Melectomorpha) calif ornicn Canad. Ent., 32:361. Type 0, Mesilla (Cresson)" Park, New Mexico. Nelecta californica Cresson, 1878, Trans. Geographic range: Amer. Ent. SOC., 7:91. Type 8, Cali- See map 5. fornia (A.N.S.P. ). California records: Geographic range : INYO CO.: Argus Mts., 0, V-22-37 (W. See map 5. C. Reeves, C.I.S.); 58, 29, same data (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Lone Pine, 49, Hosts: V-24-37 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.1. &&- Anthophora abrupta (Say) (californica, grant Springs, Death Vglley, 28, IV-27-50 (D. Davis, C.I.S.). 6Pseudonelecta miranda Fox and P. paoadenen- SLS Cockerell are herein considered as synonyms of californica (Cresson); helecta sladena Vier- 5Bonbomelecta azygos Viereck is a synonym of eck has previously been shown to be synonymous this species. with Pseudonelecta pasadenensis Cockerell. THE MELECTINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 12 9

Linsley, 1943: 227). Anthophora tbombo~desl C.I.S.); 8, same data (J. W. MacSwain, s tanfordiana Cockerell (californica, Lins- C.I.S.); 8, VII-21-48 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., ley & MacSwain, 1942:408). Anthophora ed- C.I.S.). Snowline CamD. 8, VI-26-48 (0. E. wardsii Cresson (californica, Linsley & Myers, C.I.S.); 9, VI-27-48 (J. W. Mac- MacSwain, bid.). Anthophora linsleyi Tim- Swain, C.I.S. ); 8, 0, VI-28-48 (P. D. berlake (californica, Linsley & Macswain, Hurd, Jr., C. I.S. 1. Pollock Pine&, 8, 1942: 408). Anthophora neoaexlcana (Cocker- VII-14-48 (J. 1. MacSwain, C.1.S.). E;(;hp ell) (rrranda, Hicks, 1926:224; Mickel, Cake, 38, 0, VII-21-48 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., 1928:73). Anthophora occidentalis (Cocker- C.I.S.). China Flat, 9. VI-28-48 (P. D. ell) (miranda, Cockerell, 1899:156 f.n.1. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 8, VIII-2-49 (J. W. Anthophora urbana Cresson (Californica, MacSwain, C.I.S.). Pyramid Ranger Statiw, Linsley, 1939: 456; and Linsley & MacSwain, 8, VIII-1-49 (J. W. MacSwain, C.1.S.). 1942: 408). a Coloma, 2 mi. N.W., 48, X-10-45 (J. W. 0, California records: MacSwain, C.I.S.). KvburL, VII-23-50 (W. F. Ehrhardt, C.1.S.). ALAMEDA 0.:Livermore-. , 23, V-2-36 FRESH0 CO.: Panoche Canvon, 48, 9, (E. S. Ross, C.A.S., C.I.S.). Hills back IV-24-26 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.1. h- of Oakland, 88, VIII-2-08 (E. C. Van Dyke, linga, 8, VI-13-38 (I. McCracken, C.A.S.). C.A.S. 1. B6rkelev Hill%, 9, VI-4-33 (P. H. Huntington Lake, 7000 ft., 4.8, 49, Timberlake, U.C.R. 1. hkelev. 8, V11-(7~~ to 301-19 (E. P. Van Duzee, VIII-27-15 (E. P. Van Dueee, C.1.S.); 8, C.A.S.). Kinns River Canvop , 8, VII-6-10 11-19-17 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 9, (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). 3 9, IV-27-21 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 9, VIII-16-49 (A. D. Telford, C.I.S.); 28, VI-19-39 (C.I.S.1 Tesla, Corral, IX-22-49 (€3. F. Smith, C.I.S.). 8, (J. 8, V-23-46 W.MacSwain, C.1.S.); IMPWIAL CO.: Coyote Wells, 48, IX-25-48 (J. E. Gillaspy, C.I.S. 1; 6, 49, IV-12-38 (E. P. Van hzee, C.A.S.). & same data (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.1.S.); 9, Verde, 3 m i. S,, b, IV-8-49 (P. D. Hurd, X-15-48 (J. W. MacSwain, C.1.S.). Jr., C.I.S.). ALPINE CO.: Hope Valley, 0, VII-9-48 , 6, VIII-1929 (J. W. MacSwain. C. I.S.). (1. McCracken, C.A.S. 1. Bishoo, 9, BUTTE (3.: Chico, 26, V-1920 (V. G. VI-22-29 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). 1. Stevens, C.I.S. Bishop, 15 mi. N., 0, VIII-5-48 (P. D. CALAVERAS CO.: Big Trees, 29, IX-13-37 Hurd, Jr., & J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). (F. E. Blaisdell, C.A.S.). Yokelumne Hill, Olancha, 3 mi. S., 26, 0, VIII-6-48 (P. D. 8, IV-12-30 (R. L. Usinger, C.I.S. 1. Hurd, Jr., & J. W. MacSwain. C.I.S. 1. CONTRA COSTA 00.: Mt. Diablq, 59, KERN CO.: Bakersfield, 8, 111-30-41 VI-14-33 (G. E. & R. M. Bohart and P. H. (C.I.S.). Kern Canyon, 8, VII-24-46 Timberlake, U.C.D., U.C.R.); 58, VI-25-39 (C.1.S.); 0, VII-28-46 (C.1.S.). (E. C. b,8, Van Dyke, C.A.S.). LASSEN CO.: Litchfield, 22 mi. 0. 38, (E. Van VIII-29-37 C. Dyke, C.A.S.). Oak- VII-10-46~ (P. D. Hurd. Jr., & R. F. Smith, lev, b, VIII-9-36 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S. ). C.I.S.). Halleluiah Jct., 8, 0, VII-4-49 bntiocb. 8, IX-12-36 (P. H. Timberlake, (P. D. Hurd. Jr., C.I.S.); b, VI-13-49 (P. U.C.R.); 9, X-1-32 (E. 0. Essig, C.I.S.); D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 6. same data (J. W. 8, VII-3-38 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S. 1; 9, MacSwain, C.I.S.); 8, same data (F. Mori- X-23-38 (J. W. MacSwain, C. I.S. ; 8, shita, C. I.S.). Summit Camu, 8, 9, VIII-5-38 (C.1.S.); 28, V-24-49 (P. D. VII-9-49 (C. I. Smith, C.I.S.). Bridge Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 46, 9, V-21-49 (P. D. Creek CanD, b, 9, VII-9-49 (J. W. Mac- Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, V-21-39 (E. C. Van Swain, C.X.S.); 79, same data (D. COX, Dyke, C.A.S.); 6, X-21-48 (J. E. Gillaspy). U.C.D.). Black's Mt., 8, VI-13-41 (P. D. EL DOEMDO 0.:Strawberrv Valley, b, Hurd, Jr., I.U.). VIII-13-12 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 9, IDS ANGELES CD.: Pasadena, 9, VI-12-45 VIII-14-12 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Fall= (K. W. Cooper, M.C.Z.); 9 (N. Banks, Leaf Lake, ?, VII-26-15 (E. C. Van Dyke, M.C.Z.); 8, X-22-11 (E. W. Rust, U.C.R.). C.A.S. 1. Angora Peak. 8625 ft., 9, Clarenont, 9, IV-11-27 (E. C. S., Jr., VII-19-31 (E. 0. Essig, C.I.S.). w, C.A.S.). Alhambra, 8, X-31-20 (E. C. Van 3 mi. S., 8, 112, VI-26-48 (P. D. Hurd, Dyke, C.A.S.).U~nneles. 8, X-15-17 Jr., C.I.S.); 8, same data (C. D. Madeill, (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). Santa Monica, 9 130 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

(F. C. Clark, C.A.S.). Puente Hills, 8, M. Aldrich, I.U. 1; 9, VI-17-17 (C. L. Fox, V-27-36 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). b. C.A.S. 1. San Antonio, 8, VIII-5-48 (W. E. Kelson, MONTEREY CO.: fiso S- , Q, C.I.S.). Camp Baldy, 28, 9, VII-11-50 (P. V-12-34 (L. S. Slevin, C.A.S.); 8, IV-8-39 D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S. 1; 0, same' data (J. W. (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Pacific Grove, MacSwain, C.I.S.). Crystal Lake, 26, 9, 118, IX-(4 to 161-20 (F. E. Blaisdell, VI-29-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S. 1; 9, C.A.S.); P (Mann, M.C.Z. 1. Spreckles, 9, same data, (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Palm- VI-21-39 (L. S. Slevin, C.A.S.). &&, 68, 439; X-6-35 (E. G. Liasley, NAPA CO.: Mt. St. Helena, 9, V-12-26 C.I.S.). West Hollywood Hills, 38, 9, (M. C. Van Duzee, C.A.S.); 9, VIII-13-50 VIII-15-49 (R. G. Howell, C.I.S.). Tanbark (J. E. Gillaspy). NEVADA 0.:Hobart Mills, 7 mi. N., 43, VIII-26-48 (M. A. Cazier, C.1.S.); 58, VI-22-50 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 6, same data (P. D. Hurd, Jr. , C.I.S. 1; 48, VI-23-50 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 9, same data (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S. 1; 48, VII-14-50 (T. R. Haig, C.I.S.). same data (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); 48, MADERA 0.:North Fork, 24, VI-7-33 (R. same data (R. F. Smith, C.I.S.). P. Allen, C.A.S.). Nivinnanasse, 8, ORANGE CO.: Anaheiiq, 9, VIII-19-25 (P. V-24-36 (E. S. Rass, C.A.S.). Madera, 66, H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Irvine, 8, V-5-42 (E. G. Linsley, U.C.R.); 8, V-20-42 IX-20-26 (A. J. Basinger, U.C.R.). Yorba (A. J. Walz, C.I.S.); 8, VI-5-42 (A. J. -Linda, 8, VIII-15-20 (P. H. Timberlake. Walz, C.I.S.); 8, VI-5-42 (C.I.S.). Qak- U.C.R. 1; 48, 29, X-3-26 (P. H. Timber- hurst, 28, VI-8-42 (A. J. Walz, C.I.S. 1. lake, U.C.R. ). Laguna Beach, 48, VIII-7-36 Bass Lake, 8, VI-3-38 (N. F. Hardman, (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Costa Mesa, C.I.S.); 8, VI-6-38 (R. M. Bohart, 29, VIII-2-39 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). U.C.D.); 8, VI-7-38 (N. F. Hardman, Orange, 0, August (T. E, A. Cockerell, C.I.S. 1; 9, V-22-42 (C.I.S. 1. Soquel C.U. 1. -Basin, 8, VII-4-46 (T. 0. Thatcher, PLACER CO.: Dutch Flat, 9, VI-28-38 (I. C. I.S. 1; 8, same data (R. L. Usinger, McCracken, C.A.S.); 8, 4, VIII-25-48 (R. C.I.S. 1. F. Smith, C.I.S. 1. Lake Tahoe, E, MARIN CO.: Bear Valley, 0, V-30-16 (C. VII-21-97 (H. C. Fall, M.C.Z. 1; 8, 129, L. Fox, C.A.S.). VII-(12 to 261-49 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.). MARIPOSA CO.: Fish Cam&, 8, VI-10-42 PLIJMAS CO.: Meadow Valley, 3500-4000 (A. J. Walz, C.I.S.); Miami Ranger b.,48, 49, VI-12 to VII-6-24 (E. C. Van Station, 9. VI-4-42 (A. J. Walz, C.I.S.). Dyke, C.A.S.). Bucks Lake, 9, VI-23-49 (J. Wawona, 6, VI-11-42 (E. G. Linsley. N. Simons, C.I.S. 1; 9, same data (L. L. C.I.S.). Yosemite, 9, VI-17-31 (C.I.S.); Jensen, C.I.S.). Lake Almanor, ? , VII-8-49 9, VI-1926 (P. J. Woolf, C.I.S. 1. Yosem- (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 9, same data ite Valley, 0, VI-7-21 (E. C. Van Dyke, (E. G. Lineley. C.I.S.). @incy, 4 mi. W., C.A.S.) ; 9, VI-24-26 (P. H. Timberlake. 29, VI-22-49 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S. 1; 9, U.C.R.); 8, VI-9-30 (F. E. Blaisdell, VI-21-49 (J. N. Simons, C.I.S. 1; 9, C.A.S.) VI-30-49 (F. Morishita, C.I.S.); 8, MENDOCINO CO.: Twin Rocks, 9, VII-10-29 VII-1-49 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S. 1. (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). RIVERSIDE CO.: Riverside, 598, 480, MERCED CO.: Dos Palos, 28, IX-22-48 (J. March - December, 1923-1950 (P. H. Timber- E. Gillaspy). lake, U.C.R.). Tahquitz Canyon, s, MODOC CO.: Alturas, 9, VII-9-22 (C. L. VI-30-28 (E. C. Vsn Dyke, C.A.S.). Fox, C.A.S.). Lake Citv, 238, 39, VII-9 to Tahquitz Valley, 38, VII-23-28 (P. H. Tim- VIII-1-22 (C. L. Fox, C.A.S.). Lake Citv, berlake, U.C.R. ). Keen Came, 8, 9. 4 mi. S., 9, VII-9-46 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., VI-(6 to 121-17 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.); c.I.S.).Lassen Creek, 8, VII-22-22 (c. L. 8. VI-1-39 (E. S. ROSS, C.I.S.). Idyll- Fox, C.A.S.). Davis Creek, 9, VII-13-22 w-, 9, VII-14-32 (P. H. Timberlake, (C. L. Fox, C.A.S. 1. Cedarvillc, 6mi.,, U.C.R.); a, VII-22-33 (P. H. Timberlake, 24, VII-9-46 (R. F. Smith, C.I.S. 1. b- U.C.R.); 28, V-10-39 (E. C. Linsley, dane;o Pass, 8, VII-6-50 (H. E. btt, C.1.S.); 8, VI-4-39 (E. S. ROSS, C.I.S. 1; 8, U.C.D. 1. VI-8-39 (E. S. ROSS, C.1.S.); 8, VI-9-39 MONO CO.: Mono Lake, E, VII-22-11 (J. (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S. ); a, VI-10-39 (E. THE MELECTINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 131

G. Linsley, C.1.S.); 28, VI-19-40 (E. G. Dyke, C.A.S.). Bear Valley, 9, VI-1-28 (E. Linsley, C.I.S.). Pinon Flat, 8. V-24-39 C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Colton, 9, (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S. 1; 8, same data (E. V-(26 to 281-17 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). S. ROSS, C.I.S.); 8, VII-29-46 (Pa D. Arrowhead, 9. VI-3-28 (E. C. Van Dyke, Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.). Stone Creek, sari C.A.S.). Moronno, 39, IX-26-44 (P. H. lim- Jacinto Mts., 8, VI-21-40 (E. G. Linsley, berlake, U.C.R.). Morongo Valley, 29, C.1.S.); 8, same data (P. H. Timberlake, X-5-34 (P. H. Timberlake. U.C.R.). Mojave U.C.R.). Hemet, 8, 9, VII-24-46 (J. W. River at Apple Valley, 8, VI-29-40 (P. H. MacSwain, C.I.S. 1; 38, VII-28-46 (J. W. Timberlake, U.C.R.). w, b, IV-13-49 (P. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Hemet Reservoir, Sari H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Santa Ana River, Jacinto Mts., 9 , V-22-39 (E. S. ROSS, Sen Bernardino Mts., 8, VIII-20-49 (P. H. C.I.S.). Corona, 48, IX-1920 (C.I.S.). Timberlake, U.C.R. 1. Santa Rosa Peak, 8, VI-8-40 (P. H. Timber- SAN DIEGO CO.: Jncinitas, 8, VI-28-34 lake, U.C.R. ). Palm Springs, 9, XI-13-45 (T. D. A. Cockerell, U.C.R. 1; 98, Q, same (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). The Gavilan, data (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 38, 8, 9, VI-9-50 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). V-1934 (I. McCracken, C.A.S.). Poway, 6 Whitewater, 0, X-10-33 (C. M. Dammers, (F. E. Blaisdell, C.A.S.). Boreno Valley, U.C.R. 1; p , X-27-34 (P. H. Timberlake. 0, 111-26-33 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). U.C.R. ). Blythe, 9, X-16-34 (C. M. Dam- Warner's Ranch, 8, 9, X-11-43 (T. D. A. mers, U.C.R.). Pine Cove, San Jacinto Cockerell & Wylie, U.C.R.). Julian, 8, &., 8, 9, VI-3-39 (E. G. Linsley; IX-19-49 (R. A. Flock, U.C.R.). &. C.I.S. 1. Laauns, 148, VII-16-50 (D. Cox, C.I.S.). SACRAMENTO CO.: Sherman Island, 66, 9, Jacumba, 8, VIII-12-17 (k. M. Wheeler, X-16-25 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S., C.I.S.); M.C.Z.). Warreng, 6, 9, VIII-14-17 (W. M. 48, same data (F. H. Wymore, U.C.D.). Rip Wheeler, M.C.Z.) V', V', 3 mi. S., Q, VI-24-49 (C. D. Mac- SAN FRANCISCO CO.: San Francisco, 0, Neill, C.I.S.). IX-9-18 (C. L. FOX, C.A.S.); E, IX-25-21 SAN BERNARDINO CO.: South Fork Camp, (C. L. FOX, C.A.S.); 8, VIII-13-22 (C. Le ?an Bernardino Mts., 6200 ft., 28, FOX, C.A.S.); 38, 9, IX-2-22 (C. La FOX, IX-10-44 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); 8, C.A.S.). Lake Merced, 8 (J. E. Cottle, IX-11-44 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). &g C.A.S.). bne Mt., E, VII-1-22 (F. X. Pines Camp, 98, 139, VII-12-27 to Williams, U.C.H. 1. VIII-22-44 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). SAN JOAQUIN CO.: Stockt 0%I 8, 29, Big Bear Valley, 68, 20, VIII-(7 to 131-33 IX-20-30 (C.I.S., U.C.D.). Corral Hollow, (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R. 1. Victorville, 8, X-27-46 (G. E. Bohart, C. I.S. 1. Tracy, 8, 49, X-23-27 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). 38, VI-13-49 (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.); Victorville, 12 mi. N., 8, 49, X-29-32 (P. 38, VI-21-49 (R. F. Smith, C.I.S.); 9, H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Adelanto, 9, VIII-1-49 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S. 1. X-27-32 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Mill SAN LUIS OBISPO CO.: San Luis Obisoo, Creek, San Bernardino Mtq. , 0 , V-30-38 6, VI-1938 (I. McCracken, C.A.S.). Paso (U.C.R.). Mill Creek Canyon. San Bernar- Robleg, 28, V-22-28 (L. S. Slevin, din0 Mts., 58, IX-21-23 (E. P. Van Duzee, C.A.S.). Jvlorro Bax, 29, VI-17-50 (E. I. C.A.S.). Valley of the Falls, San Bernar- Schlinger, U.C.D. 1. din0 Mts., 8, VIII-11-35 (P. H. Timber- SAN MATE0 CO.: Jdillbrae, 8, IX-11-12 lake, U.C.R.). Trail to Dobbs Cabin, &J (F. E. Blaisdell, C.A.S. 1; '8, 2X-9-22 Bernardino Mts. , 7000 ft., 28, VIII-2-36 (C. L. Fox, C.A.S.). San BwoHills J '1 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R. 1. Deep Creek, 8, IX-29-12 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). yenlo 9, IV-28-36 (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S.); 8, 9, Park, Q, VII-19-37 (F. X. Williams, V-5-36 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Sari U.C.R.). Bernardino, 8, IV-26-36 (E. G. Linsley. SANTA MRBARA 0.:Santa Barbara, 9, C.I.S.). Ca.ion, 28, VII-24-30 (T. F. Win- VIII-13-29 (F. E. Blaisdell, C.A.S. 1. burn & R. H, Painter, K.S.C.). Forest SANTA CLARA m.: Mt. Hamilton, 8, Home, 6, VI-18-28 (E. C. Van Dyke, VI-20-22 (S. E. Flanders, C.X.S.1; 28, C.A.S.); 38, 69, VI-20-28 (E. C. Van Dyke, V-25-50 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S. 1; 9. C.A.S.). Idlewild, 8, VI-24-28 (E. C. Van same data (E. G. Linsley, C.I.S. 1; 8, 0, Dyke, C.A.S.); 8. VII-7-28 (E. C. Van same data (J. W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). Dyke, C.A.S.); 9, VII-9-28 (E. C. Van Antonio Valley, 29, IX-14-48 (P. D. Hurd, 132 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY

Jr. , C.I.S. 1. Stanford University, 8, MacNeill, C.I.S. 1. Putah Canyon, 23, IX-14-09 (N. Banks, M.C.Z. 1. V-30-49 (H. E. Cott, U.C.D.). SANTA CRUZ CO.: CaPitola, 48, Discussion: VIII-18-35 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R. 1. The subgenus Melectoaorpha is repre- SHASTA CO.: Shingletown, 9, VI-2-41 (P. sented in North America by two species, D. Hurd. Jr., C.I.S.); 0, same data (C. D. Michener, C.I.S.); 8, VI-7-41 (P. D. Hurd, viz., californica and interrupta. Only the former is known occur in California, Jr. , C.I.S. 1. Hat Creek, 0, VI-4-41 (C. D. to Michener, C.I.S. 1; o., VI-5-41 (P. D. Hurd, but since interrupta is known to occur as far rest as Globe, Arizona and since its Jr., C.I.S. 1. Hat Creek, 4 mi. S. I 9 , distribution is apparently largely con- VI-11-41 (C. W. Anderson, C. I.S. 1. tained within that of californica, the SIERRA CO.: Gold Lake, 8, 50, VII-12 to distributions of these two species have VIII-24-21 (C. FOX, C.A.S.1. CalDb, L. been presented in map 38, VIII-27-48 Linsley, C.I.S.); 8. 5. (E. G. In californica the propodeal spiracle same data (R. F. Smith, C.I.S.). Sierra- is bounded posteriorly by an elevated rugose ville, 8, VIII-26-48 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., ridge which near the summit of the spi- C.I.S. same data G. Linsley, 1; 58, (E. racle becomes strongly Carinate and unites C.I.S.); 128, same data (J. MacSwain, W. with the anterior spiracular lip. The area C.I.S. 68, same data (R. F. Smith, 1; between the ridge and the posterior lip of C.I.S.). the spiracle is glabrous and shiny. The SISKIYOU Dunsmuir, 46, IX-7-41 (E. CO.: propodeal spiracles of interrupta, like C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). Sissogs 48, VII-26-30 F. Wickham, C.A.S. , M.C.Z. 1. those of Zarreae,are without this modifi- (H. cation. The forewings of californica are SONOMA CO.: gobre Vista, 8, IX-10-10 (J. A. Kusche, C.A.S.). mottled with brown while those of inter- STANISLAUS CO.: Adobe Creek, 8, rupta are uniformly infuscated with brown IX-19-48 Hurd, Jr., C.I.S. 1. except for a small hyaline spot at the (P. D. Pa- apex of the third discoidal and third sub- -* terson 6, VI-22-49 (T. F. Leigh, C.I.S.). marginal cells. The undersurfaces of the TRINITY Big Flat, Coffee Creek, 9, 0.: coxae and the posterior face of the propo- VI-21-24 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.). b- deum are white pubescent in californica Q, V-22-34 (G. E. Bohart, U.C.D.). us and black pubescent in interrupta. Many TULARE CO. : Alta Meadows, 9100 ft. , specimens of interrupta display a yellow- Giant Forest, P, VII-19-26 L. Fox, (C. ish tinge to the pale thoracic vestiture, C.A.S.); 28, 0, IX-3-32 (P. H. Timberlake, and this condition is even more pronounced U.C.R. 1. Mineralking, 39, VII-31-23 (c. L. in specimens from the southwestern por- Fox, C.A.S. 1. Redwood Meadowg, 6, VIII-3-23 (C. L. Fox, CAS.). porter- tions of its geographic range. In californica the mesonotal punctures imme- vu,39, XI-9-25 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S. 1. rotaisha. Seauoia National Park, diately adjacent to the anterior portion 8, V-17-29 (E. C. Van Dyke, C.A.S.); 39, of the mesonotal line are separated by approximately their diameter with the in- VII-26-30 (T. F. Winburn & R. F. Painter, K.S.C.). Bird Lake, 18B, VIII-21-32 (I. terspaces glabrous and shiny. Those of McCracken. C.A.S.). Lindsav, 8, IX-6-32 interrupta are nearly confluent with each other and the mesonotal line and are (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Wood Lake, 0, therefore without glabrous or shiny areas. . V-25-47 (N. W. Fraeier, C. I.S. ). The area immediately posterior to the TUOLUMNE CO.: Twain-Harte, 1178, 9, ocelli is frequently devoid sculpture VII-1937 (F. Blaisdell , C.A.S. 1. Sonora of E. and appears shiny in bright light in in- Pass, 8, VII-20-39 (I. McCracken, C.A.S.). pinecrest, 78, 39, VIII-4-48 (P. D. Hurd. terrupta while in californica this area is never without puncturation. The females Jr. & J. MacSwain. C.I.S. 1. W. of californica possess acute scutellar VENTURA Saticov. 9, VII-24-27 (T. 0.: tubercles and the pygidial plate is elon- Craig, LA.& Paula 8, 1. Sante , (E, 0. gate triangular. In interrupta the scutel- Essig, C.1.S.); 9, VII-3-36 (C.l.Si); 28, lar tubercles are short and rounded and VII-13-31 (C.I.S.). OA, 13 mi. 8, 0, N., the pygidial plate is more broadly tri- XI-12-50 H. Timberlake, U.C.R. 1. Sesw (P. angular. The gonostylus of californica Canvog, 8, VI-4-26 (C.I.S. 1. males is short, scarcely longer than broad YOLO CO.: Davis, 0, VIII-7-49 (C. D. THE MELECTINE BEES OF CALIFORNIA 133 and is nearly triangular in outline while Linsley ( 1939: 457), primarily on the basis that of interrupta is long and nearly par- of colorational differences exhibited by a11 el -sided. the vestiture. Linsley, loc. c~t.,has ob- We have been unable to distinguish ro- served that it occurs along the Pacific ciadensis from interrupta and regard it as Coast and flies in the spring, and is also a synonym of that species. larger than characteristic specimens of Californica (as herein understood) ap- californica. However, a review of these parently contains a number of incipient forms has failed to reveal any consistent differentiation units which have thus far or segregable differences. In absence of defied definition. Several of these have geographic correlation of size or color we been recognized and named in the past. can see no useful purpose for maintaining Miranda was proposed by Fox (1893: 143) for these names. large specimens occurring in the eastern Michener (1948: 17) has reported the portions of the range of californica. Pas- capture of californica as far south as adenensis was characterized by Cockerell Fresnillo, Zacatecas, Mexico. as a distinct species and so recognized by Literature Cited

Baker, C. F. 1943a. The genus Melecta in eastern North America and Porto Rico. 1906. American bees related to Jour. N. Y. Ent. SOC., 51:225- Me 1e c t a. Inverte br a t a Pa c i f i ca , 227. I: 142-145. 1943b. Notes on the habits of Melecta Cockerell, T. D. A. sierrae Linsley. Pan-Pacific 1899. Notes on American bees. Ento- Ent. , 19: 160. [Parasite of Em- mologist, 32: 154-159. CXerotneZ- phoropsis cinerea Smith1 ecta nnitanda (Fox) reported as 1945. A new species of Paranomada probable parasite of Anthophora with notes on Melecta thoracica occidentalis', p. 156, f. n.1 Cresson. Ent. News, 56: 149-153, fig. Fowler, C. 1902. The long-tongued bees of Cali- Linsley, E. G. and J. W. MacSwain fornia. Rep. Agr. Exp. Sta. 1942. The parasites, predators, and Univ. Calif., 1898-1901: 316-330. inquiline associates of Antho- phora linsleyi. Amer. Midland Fox, W. J. Nat., 27: 402-417, figs. [Habits 1893. Synopsis of the North American of Xeromelec ta cal ifornica, species of Melecta. Ent. News, p. 408, fig. 101 4: 143-144. Michener, C. D. Hicks, c. H. 1944. Comparative external morphology, 1926. Nesting habits and parasites of phylogeny, and a classification certain bees of Boulder County, of the bees. Bull. Amer. Mus. Colorado. Univ. Colo. Studies, Nat. Hist., 82: 157-326, figs. 15:217-252. [Melectini, pp. 271, 286-2881 1934. Some reared insect parasites 1948. Notes on the American bees of and their hosts. Univ. Colo. the genus Melecta. Proc. Ent. Studies, 21:265-271, figs. IZa- SOC. Wash., SO: 15-18. cosrnia maculata as parasite of Anthophora curta, pp. 265-266, Mickel, C. E. fig. 21 1928. The biotic factors in the en- vironmental resistance of An- Linsley, E. G. thophora occidentalis Cresson. 1938. Notes on the synonymy and dis- Ent . News, 39: 69-78. [Xerorne 2- tribution of some North Ameri- ecta miranda, p. 731 can bees of the genus Bombomel- ecta. Ent. News, 49: 160-163. Viereck, H. L. 1939. A revision of the Nearctic Mel- 1903. Classification of bees of the ectinae. Ann. Ent. SOC. Amer., genus Bombomelecta. Trans. 32: 429-468, figs. Amer. Ent. SOC., 29: 179-182.

134 b

Plate 11

Melectine bees. a, forewing of Melecta; C, forewing of Zacosmia; b, flagellum of Xeromelecta (Melectoaorpha) californica as seen from below; d, left mandible of Xeromelecta (Melectomorpha); e, left mandible of Melecta; f, g, hind tarsal claws of Xeromelecta (Melectoaorpha); h, i, hind tarsal claws of Me Zecta.

135