Connectivity to Routhusuramala Cluster (Part of South Block of Proposed Yerpedu - Srikalahasthi Node)

Initial Environmental Examination

Document Stage: Final Project Number: 48434-003 February 2019

IND: Visakhapatnam Chennai lndustrial Corridor Development Program – Connectivity to Routhusuramala Cluster (Part of South Block of Proposed Yerpedu - Srikalahasthi Node)

Package No: VCICDP/APRDC/05

Prepared by Andhra Pradesh Industrial lnfrastructure Corporation Limited, Government of Andhra Pradesh for the Asian Development Bank.

This final initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Initial Environmental Examination

IND: Visakhapatnam Chennai Industrial Corridor Development Program (VCICDP):

(Connectivity to Routhusuramala Cluster (Part of South Block of Proposed Yerpedu - Srikalahasthi Node)

Prepared by the Government of Andhra Pradesh (GoAP), Government of India (GOI) for the Asian Development Bank

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 27th August 2018) Currency unit – Indian rupee (Rs) Rs1.00 = $0.0143 $1.00 = INR 69.900 ABBREVIATIONS

ADB - Asian Development Bank

APRDC - Andhra Pradesh Road Development Corporation

APIIC - Andhra Pradesh Industrial and Infrastructure

Corporation Limited

CGWB - Central Ground Water Board CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board

CRRI - Central Road Research Institute

DoE - Department of Environment EA - Executing Agency

EFRC - Environment Friendly Road Construction

EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMP - Environmental Management Plan

EMMP - Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan

GDP - Gross Domestic Product

GRC - Grievance Redressal Committee

GoI - Government of India

IEE - Initial Environmental Examination

IRC - Indian Road Congress

MDRs - Major District Roads

MoEF - Ministry of Environment and Forests

MSL - Mean Sea Level

NGO - Non Government Organization

NH - National Highway

NOx - Oxides of Nitrogen

NSDP - Net State Domestic Product

PIU - Project Implementation Unit ROW - Right of Way 1

SEIAA - State Environmental Impact Assessment Agency

SGWB - State Ground Water Board

SH - State Highway SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter

SO2 - Sulphur Dioxide

SSI - Small Scale Industries SSR - Standard Schedule Rates

SPCB - State Pollution Control Board

TOR - Terms of Reference VSS - Vana Samrakshana Samithi

WHO - World Health Organization

DEFINITIONS Affected Family: Any family affected by the project, living, cultivating in land or carrying on business, trade or any other occupation within the Corridor of Impact (CoI) who is impacted by the project is an Affected Family (AF). Affected Person: Any individual, part of the affected family living, cultivating in land or carrying on business, trade or any other occupation within the Corridor of Impact (CoI) who is impacted by the project is an Affected Person (AP). Agricultural Land: Land used for the purpose of: (i) agriculture or horticulture; (ii) dairy farming, poultry farming, pisci-culture, sericulture, seed farming; (iii) breeding of livestock or nursery growing medicinal herbs; (iv) raising of crops, trees, grass or garden produce; and (v) land used for the grazing of cattle. Assigned Land: The government cultivable waste land provided to the land less poor persons for their lively hood more particularly land less agricultural labor and if the land is required for public purpose, on payment of compensation, the land can be resumed to govt. Assistance: All support mechanisms such as subsistence allowance, shifting assistance, livelihood assistance, involving monetary help, services or assets given to APs constitute assistance in this project. Compensation: Compensation refers to amount paid to acquired private land and/or structure in accordance with the provisions of Sec 26, Sec 27, Sec 28, Sec 29 and Sec 30 pertaining to compensation and Sec 31 and Sec 32 pertaining to rehabilitation and resettlement contained in ‘The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013’. Cut-off Date: For title holders, the date of SIA notification [Sec 4(2)] of intended acquisition as per the provisions of RFCTLARR Act will be treated as the cut-off date, and for non-titleholders the start date of project census survey for the subproject will be the cut-off date. Displaced Family (DF): Any family living, cultivating land or carrying on business, trade or any other occupation within the Proposed Right-of-Way (PRoW) who are impacted by the project and have to relocate is a Displaced Family. All the members of a DF in the project will be treated as DPs. Displaced Person (DP): Any individual or part of the DFs living, cultivating land or carrying on business, trade or any other occupation within the PRoW who are impacted by the project is a Displaced Person (DP). Encroacher: Any person illegally occupying public property by extending their land boundary or a portion of their building onto the RoW is an encroacher. Entitled Person (EP): Entitled Person includes all APs who qualify for, or are entitled to, compensation / assistance since being impacted by the project. The basis for identification of Entitled Persons (EP) in the project will be the cut-off date. Marginal Farmer: A cultivator with an un-irrigated land holding up to one hectare or irrigated land holding up to one-half hectare. Right-of-Way: Right-of-Way (RoW) is the land that has been granting to be owned by PWD(R&B) abetting the carriage way and including the carriageway and recorded as PWD (R&B) land in the revenue records. 3

Proposed Right-of-Way: The proposed right-of-way (PRoW) is the width required for the actual construction of the road including the carriageway, shoulder, embankment, and longitudinal drainage, wayside amenities like bus stops, bus shelters, and etc. and necessary safety zones. Temporary Building: Temporary building means a temporary type of structure, which includes buildings with roofs constructed of thatch, galvanized iron or asbestos. Significant Impact: The APs suffering the following impacts and requiring to relocate are categorized as significantly impacted APs: (i) loss of place of dwelling, (ii) loss of place of business; (iii) loss of livelihood; and (iv) loss of agricultural productive land.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 1. INTRODUCTION 10 1.1. Background 10 1.2. Purpose of the IEE 10 1.3. Extent of IEE 10 1.4. IEE Methodology 11 1.5. Structure of the report 13 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 14 2.1. Environmental Legislation (National and State Laws) 14 2.2. International Environmental Agreement 24 2.3. ADB Policy 25 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 28 3.1. Project Type 28 3.2. Proposed project road 28 3.3. Need of the Project 30 3.4. Sub Project 30 3.5. Details of Structures:- 32 3.5.1. Cross Drainage Structures:- 32 3.5.2. Parallel Drains:- 34 3.5.3. Requirements of Crossings and PUP/VUPs etc. :- 34 3.6. Category of the Project 35 3.7. Proposed Improvement Components 36 3.7.1. Traffic Considerations 36 3.7.2. Proposed Improvements 36 4. DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 37 4.1 Introduction 37 4.2 Physical Resources 37 4.3 Ecological Resources 42 4.4 Economic Development 43 4.5 Social and Cultural 46 5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES 48 5.1. Introduction 48 5.2. Beneficial Impacts (Positive Environmental Impacts) 48 5.3. Negative Environmental Impacts 48 5.4. Ecological Resources 59 5.5. Human Resources 60

5.6. Mitigation for Quarries 63 5.7. Mitigation of Borrow Areas 63 5.8. Environmental Effects Related to Operation 63 5.9. Potential Environmental Enhancement/Protection Measures 64 5.10. Rehabilitation Plan for Quarry/Borrow Pits 70 6. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 71 7. CONSULTATION, INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 73 7.1. Public Consultation and Information Disclosure 73 7.2. Objectives of the Public Consultations 73 7.3. Methodology 73 7.4. Project Stakeholders 73 7.5. Consultations with Local People/Beneficiaries 74 7.6. Consultations with Women and Vulnerable Groups 81 7.7. Disclosure of information 81 7.8. Grievance Redress Mechanism 81 8. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES 85 8.1. Introduction 85 8.2. Safeguard Implementation Arrangement 86 9. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY AND DEVELOPMENT 90 10. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT & MONITORING PLAN 92 10.1. Environment Management Plan 92 10.2. Environment Monitoring Program 92 10.3. Performance Indicators 93 10.4. Generic Guidelines for Implementing EMP 93 10.5. Environmental Monitoring Plan 120 10.6. Environment Management Budget 123 11. MONITORING AND REPORTING 125 11.1. Monitoring and Reporting 125 11.2. Implementation Schedule 125 12. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 127

APPENDIX-1: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECKLIST 129 APPENDIX-2: TREES DATA ALONG THE SUB PROJECT ROAD 135 APPENDIX-3: LAND USE PATTERN 136 APPENDIX-4: DETAILS OF EXISTING BORROW AREAS 137 APPENDIX-5: ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY ALONG SUB PROJECT LENGTH 138 APPENDIX-6: PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND PROJECT PHOTOS 140

APPENDIX-7: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 154 APPENDIX-8: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 155 APPENDIX-9: NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS 167 APPENDIX-10: NATIONAL DRINKING WATER STANDARDS 168 APPENDIX-11: CRITERIA FOR WATER CLASSIFICATION BY CPCB 170 APPENDIX-12: NATIONAL AMBIENT NOISE STANDARDS 171 APPENDIX-13: MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION PLANTS, EQUIPMENT AND VEHICLES 172 APPENDIX-14: CAMP SITE MANAGEMENT 175 APPENDIX-15: MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE AND DEBRIS DISPOSAL183 APPENDIX 16: GO ON GRM GOVERNMENT ORDER NO GO.RT.NO. 163 DATED 08-06- 2018 FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL MECHANISM 185

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The Government of Andhra Pradesh is planning to take up Industrial Development program in Vizag – Chennai Industrial Corridor (VCIC) with ADB loan assistance. As part of this project, Andhra Pradesh Road Development Corporation / Roads and Buildings Department have been entrusted with the responsibility to identify and develop certain roads connecting proposed industrial clusters to National Highways, Ports, Airports, Railway Stations, urban centres, etc., which are mostly divided roads with a median.

The Government of Andhra Pradesh has taken up Visakhapatnam - Chennai Industrial Corridor – Development Programme (VCIC–DP) for infrastructure development and institutional reforms to stimulate economic growth and employment generation in ANDHRA PRADESH with ADB loan assistance. With regards to transport sector, the following road sub-projects are proposed for development under VCIC-DP-Package-I. The sub project External connectivity to Routhusuramala Cluster section has been proposed to implement, upgrade the single lane road to 2-lane road on priority based. ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY AND PROJECT CATEGORIZATION Project road is not passing through any wildlife sanctuary, national park, tiger reserve, protected area or any other similar eco-sensitive areas. None of the sections of sub-projects pass through protected or reserved forests. All other impacts are site-specific and can be addressed through proven mitigation measures. Hence, the project is classified as Category B warranting an initial environmental examination (IEE) which has been conducted in consistent to Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. EXISTING ENVIRONMENT A brief description about the existing environment, including its physical and ecological resources, economic development of the region, and issues relating to quality of life are presented in this section. Broad aspects on various environmental parameters (geology, soil, topography, climate, land use, water resources, water quality, air quality, noise quality, tourism, cultural resources etc.) which are likely to be affected (direct or indirect) by the proposed road improvement project are covered. There exists a quarry area along the road. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK Government of India has enacted more than thirty environment conservation laws and Acts. Some of these are: The Environment (Protection) Act 1986, The Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972, The Forest (Conservation) Act 1980; The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974, The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981; 1988 amendment of The Motor Vehicle Act (M.V.) Act, 1939. The Water and The Air Acts entrusted the task of their implementation and regulation to pollution control boards set up for such purpose at State and Central levels. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES This section presents the key environmental issues associated with different aspects of the proposed project. Identification and assessment of the potential environmental impacts are based on secondary information supplemented by data collected by field visits. Impacts on various environmental components have been assessed at four different stages namely project location, design, construction and operational stages.

PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE Public consultation was conducted in the villages situated at the proposed alignment. The project details were explained to them and the project were welcomed by the community. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN, MONITORING PLAN AND GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL MECHANISM The management and monitoring mechanism required to ensure that the project implementation is carried out in accordance with the due regards to environment. These includes major environmental issues and associated impacts, suggested mitigation measures, implementation and supervising responsibilities, a monitoring plan and institutional assessment and training requirements for successful implementation of the mitigation measures. Sub-project specific Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been formulated with an intend to set out action required to avoid or mitigate all impacts and the responsibility for taking each action. Responsibility is made legally binding when actions are subsequently specified in contracts. Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) has been prepared to ensure that the intended environmental mitigations are realized and these results in desired benefits to the target population causing minimal deterioration to the environmental parameters. All costs for implementing the mitigation measures and monitoring plan will be included in the Bill of Quantities (BOQ) by the contractor as implementation of the EMP will be the responsibility of the contractor. All the three parties involved in this project implementation i.e. Contractor, CSC and executing agency will maintain complaint registers at their following respective offices Contractor’s main site offices i.e. office of the Project Manager, CSC’s main site office i.e. office of the Engineer’s Representative CONCLUSION This initial environmental examination (IEE) ascertains that upgrading is unlikely to cause any significant environmental impacts. Few impacts were identified attributable to the proposed subproject, all of which are localized and temporary in nature and can be easily mitigated with minor to negligible residual impacts.

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background

Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Limited (APIIC) a wholly owned undertaking of Government of Andhra Pradesh (GoAP) has a mandate to develop industrial areas across the state. APIIC has developed around 300 Industrial Parks spread over an extent of 121,655 acres and in addition it has also developed sector specific industrial parks and special economic zones at strategic locations across the state. The Government of Andhra Pradesh is planning to take up Industrial Development Program in Visakhapatnam – Chennai Industrial Corridor (VCIC) with the loan assistance of Asian Development Bank (ADB). As a part of the project, Andhra Pradesh Road Development Corporation / Roads and Buildings Department (GoAP/R&BD) has been entrusted with the responsibility to identify and develop certain roads connecting proposed Industrial Clusters to National Highways, Ports, Airports, Railway stations, urban centers, etc., which are mostly divided roads with a median. Andhra Pradesh Road Development Corporation (APRDC) will be the implementing agency for the project, on behalf of R&BD. The project roads are located in the State of Andhra Pradesh (AP) and can be referred as part of external connectivity to coastal corridors. The variation order V of Package-1 of additional roads falls under three districts of AP namely Nellore, Chittoor and Visakhapatnam (Vizag). Nellore district (Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore district), located in coastal Andhra region. The district is bordered by the Bay of Bengal to the east, Kadapa district to the west, Prakasam District to the north, Chittoor district and Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu to the south. The main objectives of the improvements are to improve the regional, as well as inter and intra state transport flows, and in doing so improving access to services, and making the state attractive to developers and investors. To fulfil the above objectives and due considerations to environmental feasibility of above road section, Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) was carried out for this section.

1.2. Purpose of the IEE

ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of the Bank’s operations, and the requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) addresses components of Routhusuramala Industrial Road, which include widening of the existing carriageway to 2-lane configuration. The components will include 4 E’s (Education, Enforcement, Engineering, and Emergency) as per GOI’s guidelines in selected area of the VCIC.

1.3. Extent of IEE

The IEE of the proposed road section has been undertaken to identify and to minimise the adverse environmental impacts, if any, associated with construction and operation. Environmental issues considered in this IEE are mainly macro-level and may have adverse or beneficial impacts. Initial Environmental Examination of the roads has four basic objectives, as stated below, to:

• Determine the magnitude of potential environmental concerns and to ensure that environmental considerations are given adequate weight when carrying out the proposed road constructions / improvements; • Identify the environmental issues that should be taken into account when new links are constructed and/or existing links are improved - such as to include both adverse and beneficial impacts; • Identify any further need for environmental studies or Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA); and Identify potential enhancement / mitigation measures, if any.

1.4. IEE Methodology

IEE commenced with an initial pre-feasibility site visit and review of the technical details provided by the APRDC and DPR team and preceding environmental assessment reports conducted for the project road. This was followed by a reconnaissance site visit and discussion with the implementing agency to reconfirm the technical details of the project road improvement work. This helped identify environmental attributes which may get altered due to the project and incorporate additional information to the baseline environmental scenario/environmental setting of the project to meet the ADB Safeguard requirements. Further steps followed for IEE has been concisely described in following paragraphs. 1. Primary Data Collection Inventory of all environmental features viz. terrain, geologically unstable areas, waterways/water bodies, road side vegetation, sensitive receptors, common property resources, utilities, flooding/water logging, and industries was conducted along the project road within the area of interest/core zone. Since the proposed road is widening of an existing road and does not impact forest area outside the right of way, no bio-diversity study was undertaken. The data collection from the field was completed with the help of trained enumerators / investigators. 2. Secondary Data Collection Published reports, government websites, recognized institutions and relevant government departments were consulted to gather information and maps of the project influence area. For information on ambient air quality, soil quality, background noise level, surface and groundwater quality, environmental assessment done by DPR Consultants was referred. 3. Public Consultation During Socio-Economic surveys, consultations were held with local communities. 4. Other Tools Remote sensing and GIS based land use map of the study area has been reviewed through recent satellite imagery and verified on the ground. Information collected from both primary and secondary sources has been summarized in Table.

Table 1-1 Primary and Secondary Information Sources

Information Sources

Technical Details APRDC and DPR Consultant

Inventory of road features Ground Physical surveys

Climatic condition Indian Meteorological Department Websites

State of Environment Report, Pollution Control Board, Geology, Seismicity, Soil and Topography DPR and Primary Surveys State of the Environment Report, Satellite Imagery Land Use/Land Cover based land use analysis Google Image, Detail Project Report and onsite Drainage Pattern observations Forest Range Offices/State Forest Department, Andhra Roadside Forest/Vegetation Pradesh

Archaeological/Cultural Heritage sites Archaeological Survey of India

Status of fishing activity District Fisheries offices

Air quality Noise, Soil and Water Primary survey by DPR Consultants

Borrow areas, quarries and other APRDC, Detailed Project Report and Consultation construction material source

River geo-morphology, hydrology, Detailed Project Report, Consultation and site drainage, flood patterns verification

Soil profile and measures to control soil Soil Conservation Department, Govt. Of Andhra erosion Pradesh

Groundwater Conditions Central Groundwater Board

Different Govt. agencies/civic bodies, official websites Socio-economic environment maintained by state govt., census of India 2011, and public Consultation during the Field survey

5. Assessment of Potential Impacts Potential significant impacts were identified on the basis of: analytical review of baseline data; review of environmental conditions at site; analytical review of the underlying socio- economic conditions with the project influence area. 6. Preparation of the Environment Management Plan An EMP for the project was prepared to specify the steps required to ensure that the necessary measures will be taken. The EMP includes the monitoring plan giving details of the resources budgeted and the implementation arrangements.

1.5. Structure of the report The IEE has been structured as recommended in SPS, 2009. An introduction section has been included to have a general overview of the project. Executive Summary describing critical facts, significant findings, and recommended actions has been presented in the beginning of the report. The report has been compiled and presented as follows.

Executive Summary (i) Chapter 1- Introduction (ii) Chapter 2- Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework (iii) Chapter 3- Description of the Project (iv) Chapter 4- Description of the Environment (v) Chapter 5- Anticipated Env Impacts and its Mitigation Measures

(vi) Chapter 6- Analysis of Alternatives

Chapter 7- Information Disclosure, Consultation, and (vii) Participation (viii) Chapter 8- Institutional Arrangements and responsibilities (ix) Chapter 9- Institutional Capacity and Development (x) Chapter 10- EMP (xi) Chapter 11- Monitoring and Reporting (xii) Chapter 12- Conclusion and Recommendation

EXECUTING AGENCY • The executing agency shall be Andhra Pradesh Road Development Corporation (APRDC), Government of India. The project will be implemented by APRDC through its network at district level. The work of the detailed project preparation has been assigned to “Roughton International Ltd, UK in association with SATRA I-MAN Private Ltd.” Initial Environmental Examination study has been undertaken by Technical Assistance consultant in coordination with DPR consultants.

2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

2.1. Environmental Legislation (National and State Laws)

Implementation of VCICDP will be governed by environmental acts, rules, policies, and regulations of the Government of India. These regulations impose restrictions on the activities to minimize/mitigate likely impacts on the environment. Many of these are cross sector and several of them are directly related to environmental issues. The most important of these is the “Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2006”. The EIA Notification, 2006, sets out the requirement for environmental assessment in India. This states that prior environmental clearance (EC) is mandatory for the development activities listed in its schedule, and must be obtained before any construction work or land preparation (except land acquisition) may commence. Projects are categorized as A or B depending on the scale of the project and the nature of its impacts. (i) Category A: Projects could have significant adverse environmental impacts. An EIA is required to address significant impacts. (ii) Category B: Category B projects require EC from the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). The State-level EAC categorizes the project as either B1 (requiring EIA study) or B2 (no EIA study), and prepares ToR for B1 projects within 60 days. On completion of the study and review of the report by the EAC, the SEIAA issues the EC based on the EAC recommendation. The Notification also provides that any project or activity classified as category B will be treated as category A if it is located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of protected areas, notified areas or inter-state or international boundaries. Relevant to VCICDP, common effluent treatment plant (CETP) development (new or modification) will attract EIA Notification, 2006 and has been classified as Category B. None of the transport, power, urban/industrial water supply and sewerage infrastructure proposed under VCICDP attracts EIA Notification Schedule, and therefore EC is not required. In addition to the EIA Notification, 2006, there are a number of other acts, rules and regulations currently in force that could apply to the subproject under the VCICDP. Salient features and applicability of these legislations are provided in Table 2. This presents specific requirements for the project. Annex provides the environmental standards for air, surface water, groundwater, emissions, noise, vehicular exhaust and disposal to land/agricultural use of sludge and bio-solids. Table 2-1 Applicable Government of India Environmental Legislations and Specific Requirements No. Legislation Requirements for the Applicability NoC / License / Project Permission requirement 1 National Environment Policy Project should adhere to the The policy governing Non (NEP), 2006 NEP principle of: enhancing the environmental and conservation of rules and legislations environmental resources and is applicable to all and abatement of pollution the subprojects. 14

No. Legislation Requirements for the Applicability NoC / License / Project Permission requirement 2 EIA Notification, 2006 Environmental clearances The Industrial Parks Non (EC) mentioned earlier in Naidupet Industrial zone have been granted Environmental Clearance by the MoEF 3 Water (Prevention and Consent for establishment As Applicable to It obligatory in Control of Pollution) Act, (CFE) and consent for proposed subproject case of operation 1974 amended 1988 and operation (CFO) from components. of hot mix plant, its Rules, 1975 APPCB batch mix plant Compliance to conditions and DG sets and disposal standards stipulated in the CFE and CFO 4 Air (Prevention and Control CFE and CFO from APPCB As applicable to It obligatory in of Pollution) Act, 1981, as applicable Compliance to proposed subproject case of operation amended 1987 and its conditions and emissions components CFE and of hot mix plant, Rules, 1982 standards stipulated in the CFO: (i) diesel batch mix plant CFE and CFO. generators; (ii) hot mix and DG sets plants; and (iii) vehicles emitting air pollutants. 5 Environmental (Protection) Act, Solid waste and sludge As Applicable to Non 1986 amended 1991 and the generated at proposed proposed subproject following rules/notifications: facilities shall be disposed in components. • Environment (Protection) accordance with the MSWM Rules, 1986 including Rules. amendments Compliance with noise • Solid Waste Management standards Rules, 2016 Compliance to environmental • Construction and standards (discharge of Demolition Waste effluents) Management Rules, 2016 Restriction of activities • Noise Pollution (including construction, tree  (Regulation and cutting, etc.) in the notified Control) Rules, 2000 zones. There are no eco • Environmental Standards sensitive zones in or near the  of Central Pollution subproject locations. Control Board (CPCB) Applies to protected wetlands • Notification of Eco Sensitive (Ramsar sites, wetlands in Zones eco sensitive areas and • Wetland (Conservation UNESCO heritage sites & in  and Management) high altitudes, and wetlands Rules, notified by Government of  2010 India) - Prohibits/ regulates • Hazardous Waste activities within and near the (Management, Handling wetlands. None of the subproject locations has and Transboundary protected wetlands. Movement) Rules, 2016 Rules defines and classifies 15

No. Legislation Requirements for the Applicability NoC / License / Project Permission requirement hazardous waste provides procedures for handling hazardous waste. Requires Pollution Control Board’s consent for handling hazardous waste. Procedure for storage of Hazardous wastes and provides procedures for recycling, reprocessing or reuse, important and export of hazardous waste. 6 Contract Labour (Regulation Department of Labour, GoAP Applicable to all Labour and as principle employer. construction/civil works. license is Abolition) Act, 1970; Contractor shall register with APIICs to obtain required The Inter-State Migrant Labour Department, GoAP if Certificate of Workmen (Regulation of inter-state migrant workmen Registration. Employment and are engaged. Contractors to obtain Conditions of Service) Act, Adequate and appropriate license from 1979 amenities and facilities shall designated labour be provided to workers officer including housing, medical aid, travelling expenses from home and back, etc., 7 The Building and Other Cess should be paid at rate Applicable to any Non Construction Workers not exceeding 2% of the cost building or other (Regulation of Employment of construction as may be construction work and and Conditions of notified employ 10 or more Service) Act, 1996 and the The employer is required to workers Cess provide safety measures at Act of 1996 the building or construction work and other welfare measures, such as canteens, first-aid facilities, ambulance, housing accommodation for workers near the workplace etc. The employer has to obtain a registration certificate from the Registering Officer. 8 The Child Labour No child below 14 years No child below 14 Non (Prohibition and Regulation) of age will be employed or years of age will be Act, 1986 permitted to work in all the employed or permitted subprojects. to work in all the subprojects.

No. Legislation Requirements for the Applicability NoC / License / Project Permission requirement 9 Minimum Wages Act, 1948 All construction workers Applicable Non should be paid not less than the prescribed minimum wage

10 Workmen Compensation Compensation for workers Applicable Non Act, 1923 in case of injury by accident

11 Equal Remuneration Act, Equal wages for work of Applicable Non 1979 equal nature to male and female workers

12 AP State Environment Follows the National Applicable Non Policy Environment Policy, 2006 Project implementation should adhere to the policy aims 12 AP State Environment Follows the National Applicable Non Policy Environment Policy, 2006 Project implementation should adhere to the policy aims 13 The Motor Vehicles Act, Standards for vehicular Applicable Pollution under 1988 pollution and prevention control control. The authority also certificate is checks emission standards of required for Registered vehicles, collects construction road taxes, and issues vehicle licenses. In August 1997, the Pollution under Control Certificate (PUC) program was launched in an attempt to crackdown on the vehicular emissions in the States. All the vehicles that will be used in construction of the subprojects will have to comply with the PUC norms set down under this act. 14 Coastal Regulation Zone The main objectives of the Naidupeta Industrial Non (CRZ) Coastal Regulation Zone Estate does not attract Notification 6th January Notification, 2011 are: requirements under 2011 to ensure livelihood security CRZ Central Government to the fishing communities have declared the coastal and other local communities stretches of seas, bays, living in the coastal areas; estuaries, creeks, rivers to conserve and protect and back waters which are coastal stretches and; influenced by tidal action (in to promote development in a the landward side) up to sustainable manner based 17

No. Legislation Requirements for the Applicability NoC / License / Project Permission requirement 500m from the High Tide on Scientific principles, Line (HTL) and the land taking into account the between the Low Tide Line dangers of natural hazards (LTL) & High Tide Line in the coastal areas and sea (HTL) as “Coastal level rise due to global Regulation Zone” (CRZ), as warming. per the provisions of the CRZ Notification 6th January 2011. 15 Minor Mineral and For opening new quarries. Applicable Non concession Rules Regulate use of minor minerals like stone, soil, river sand etc. 16 The Mining Act (1952) The mining act has been Applicable Non notified for safe and sound mining activity. The construction of road subprojects will require aggregates. These will be procured through mining from riverbeds and quarries 17 Notification for use of fly ash The MoEF had issued in Applicable Non from thermal power plants 2009 a notification that all within brick units within 100km . 100km reaches of the radius of thermal power project. plants were required to use fly ash for making bricks as well as using it for construction activities like building or roads.

18 Public Liability and Protection from Applicable Non Insurance Act 1991 hazardous materials and accident.

19 National Environment Grievances process and Applicable Non Appellate Authority Act how they will be dealt with. (NEAA) 1997

20 Explosive Act 1984 - For Safe transportation, storage Applicable Non transporting and storing and use of explosive diesel, bitumen etc. material.

21 The Factories Act, 1948 - The Act lays down the Applicable Non The Andhra Pradesh procedure for approval of Factory Rules plans before setting up a factory, health and safety provisions, welfare provisions, working hours 18

No. Legislation Requirements for the Applicability NoC / License / Project Permission requirement and rendering information- regarding accidents or dangerous occurrences to designated authorities. 22 Chemical Accidents The Rules provide for Applicable Non (Emergency Planning, mandatory preparation of On- Preparedness and Site Emergency Plans by the Response) Rules, 1996. industry and Off-Site Plans by the district collector and the constitution of four tier crisis groups at the center, district, and local levels for the management of chemical disaster. 23 Permission for extraction of Extraction of groundwater. Applicable to It is ground water for use in road rehabilitation and obligatory in construction activities from improvement of water case of State Ground Water Board. supply. To be obtained ground water prior to initiation of any is abstracted work involving abstraction of groundwater 24 Permission for use of water Use of surface water for Applicable. To be It is for construction purpose construction obtained prior to obligatory in from irrigation department initiation of any work case of involving use of surface irrigation water for channel is construction abstracted

Some of the important acts applicable to the present project are described herewith: The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is widely regarded as a comprehensive or umbrella legislation for environment in its entirety. The responsibility for implementation of the provisions of the EPA has to a large extent been entrusted to the regulatory agencies created under the Air and Water Acts. Department of Environment (DoE) was created in 1981 in the Central Government to act as a nodal agency for environmental protection and development in a coordinated manner. The principal environmental regulatory agency in India is the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) of the Government of India. MoEF formulates environmental policies and accords environment clearances for the large projects (sector-wise listing done by MoEF). In the North Eastern Region, the State Department of Environment and State Pollution Control Boards are enforcing authorities at the State level to resolve environmental issues arising due to any infrastructure project. MoEF has a regional office at Shillong to look after the matters related to environment in the region.

The Environmental Impact Assessment Notification (2006) and Amendments The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 provided for Environment (Protection) Rules, which are formulated since then. As one of these rules, the Environmental Impact Assessment Notification 2006 has identified highways (item 7f of Schedule) as one of the project requiring prior clearance from the central government / state government. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a statutory requirement for obtaining clearance (a comprehensive format for EIA has been prescribed in the notification). According to the notification from the MoEF dated 14th September 2006 and subsequent amendments, i) New State Highways; and ii) Expansion of National / State Highways greater than 30 km involving additional right of way greater that 20m involving land acquisition; are classified as Category B projects. Hence, project requires prior environmental clearance from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). An application seeking prior environmental clearance in all cases shall be made in the prescribed Form 1 and supplementary Form 1A, if applicable; annexed to the said notifications. Forest (Conservation) Act as amended in 1980 Of all laws, the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 stands out as having particular significance for this project. The Act pertains to the cases of diversion of forest land and felling of roadside plantation. Depending on the size of the tract to be cleared, clearances are applied for at the following governmental levels. Applicability of the Forest (Conservation) Act to the Roadside Strip Plantations In 1986, when Ministry of Environment & Forests enacted the Environment Protection Act, the entire linear stretches of roadside plantations along the State Highways were declared as protected forest. Although the land is under the control of the PWD, due to its protected status, clearance is required to cut roadside trees. Applicability of the provisions of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 to the linear (road or canal side) plantations was modified by a notification from the MoEF, dated 18 February 1998. The new notification recognized that the spirit behind the Forest (Conservation) Act was conservation of natural forests, and not the strip plantations.

In the case of the “notified to be protected” roadside plantations, the clearance now may be given by the concerned Regional Offices of the MoEF, irrespective of the area of plantation lost. While issuing the approval, in place of normal provision for compensatory afforestation, the Regional Offices will stipulate a condition that for every tree cut at least two trees should be planted. If the concerned Regional Office does not accord the clearance within 30 days of the receipt of fully completed application, the proponent agency may proceed with the widening/expansion under intimation to the State Forest Department, and the MoEF, Government of India. Forest Land Restrictions and clearance procedures proposed in the Forest (Conservation) Act apply wholly to the natural forest areas; even in case of the protected/designated forest area does not have any vegetation cover.

The proposed Project road does not involve any acquisition of forest land; hence clearance from Central Government is not required. The Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 This act has no relevance to the proposed road project, as there are no wild-life protected areas/sanctuaries/national parks in the project influence area. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 (Amended 1988) The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 resulted in the establishment of the Central and State level Pollution Control Boards whose responsibilities include managing water quality and effluent standards, monitoring water quality, prosecuting offenders and issuing licenses for construction and operation of certain facilities.

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 (As Amended in 1987) In the state, Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board is empowered to set air quality standards and monitor and prosecute offenders under the Air (Prevention and Control and pollution) Act, 1981. The responsibility for monitoring vehicular - air and noise pollution lies with the State Transport Authority (STA), not with the APPCB. The Government of India (GoI) standards for the discharge of pollutants to the environment (Water and Noise standards) are listed under the Environmental Protection Act. These standards apply mainly to the control of industrial pollution; with some apply to road construction projects. Before implementation of the project, it is mandatory requirement to get NOC from Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board. In order to obtain an environmental clearance from the MoEF, "Public Hearing" was previously mandatory, as per the MoEF notification, which came into effect on 10th April, 1997. The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 The Union Government has laid down statutory norms to regulate and control noise levels to prevent their adverse effects on human health and the psychological well-being of the people. The rules titled Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 have come into force at February 14, 2000. Under the new regulation, different areas and zones are to be identified as industrial, commercial, and residential or silence areas and anyone exceeding the specified noise level would be liable for action. In industrial areas, the noise level limit during the day time (6 am to 10 pm) is 75 decibels and during night (10 pm to 6 am) 70 decibels. Similarly, for commercial areas day time limit is 65 decibels and night limit is 55 decibels. In the case of residential areas, the limits are respectively 55 and 45 decibels and for the silence zones, 50 and 40 decibels. The Motor Vehicles Act 1988 In 1988, amendment of the Indian Motor Vehicle Act empowered the State Transport Authority to enforce standards for vehicular pollution prevention and control. The authority also checks emission standards of registered vehicles, collects road taxes, and issues licenses. In August 1997, the “Pollution Under Control” (PUC) programme was launched in an attempt to crackdown on the amount of vehicular emissions in the state. To date, is has not been highly effective. The Movement of Hazardous Chemicals Movement of hazardous chemicals by road is governed by Central Motor Vehicle Rules, 1989 (rules 129 through 137). Besides, regulations and precautions has to be taken while transporting such goods, the rules stipulate availability of a Transport Emergency (TREM) Card with the driver of the carrier which shall provide information on hazardous nature of the chemical carried and also precautions required to handle emergencies such as spillage and fire. Andhra Pradesh Water, Land Trees Act, (WALTA) 2002: The Act came into force on April 19, 2002 with an objective “to promote water conservation, and tree cover and regulate the exploitation and use of ground and surface water for protection and conservation of water sources, land and environment and matters, connected therewith or incidental thereto”.

ENVIRONMENTAL ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK The MoEF has the overall responsibility to set policy and standards for the protection of environment along with the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). This includes air, noise and water quality standards and the requirements for the preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) statements for development projects. These standards are of significance for the proposed project. The status of key environmental legislation in India is given in Table. Salient features of relevant environmental laws and regulations, including their applicability to this project is given below. Table 2-2 Statutes, Policies, Regulations and Responsible Agencies

S.No Agency Statute/Policy Relevant objectives

Ministry of To protect and improve the quality of the Environment (Protection) Act 1 Environment environment and to prevent, control and 1986 and Forests abate environmental pollution

Forest (Conservation) Act, 1927 Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 To restrict deforestation by restricting (as amended in 1998) clearing of forested areas Forest (Conservation) Rules, 1981

Environmental Impact To ensure that appropriate measures are Assessment Notification 2006 taken to conserve and protect the

Environment Protection Rules, environment before commencement of 1986 operations

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 as amended in 1988 To provide for the prevention and control Air (Prevention and Control of of water pollution and the maintaining or Pollution) Act 1981 as amended restoring wholesomeness of water in 1987

Solid Waste Management To provide for the prevention, control and Pollution Control Rules, 2016 abatement of air pollution and for the Boards (State) Plastic Waste Management 2 establishment of Boards to carry out these Rules, 2016 purposes. Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016 To check and control unhygienic disposal of Solid waste Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016

S.No Agency Statute/Policy Relevant objectives

Environment To protect wild animals and birds through 3 and Forest Wildlife (Protection Act), 1972 the creation of National Parks and Department Sanctuaries

Department of Motor Vehicle Rules, 1989 To check control vehicular air and noise Transport and Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 pollution 4 Department of Rules of Road Regulations, To regulate development of the transport Police 1989 sector

Archaeological To protect and conserve cultural and Survey of India, Ancient Monuments and historical remains 5 Directorate of Archaeological sites and To regulate construction activities near Archaeology Remains Act, 1958 the monuments and sites protected by the Government

To set out rules for acquisition of land by Revenue 6 Land Acquisition Act, 1894 the Government departments and Department agencies

2.2. International Environmental Agreement India is a party to the following international convention that may apply to this project, especially in selection and screening of subprojects under restricted/sensitive areas. Table 2-3 International Agreements and Applicability to Routhusuramala Road

S.No. Agreement Requirements for the Project

Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, 1971.

The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, called the Ramsar Convention, is an There is one Ramsar Site 4 in Andhra intergovernmental treaty that provides Pradesh. However it is not located within or 1 the framework for national action and adjacent to the road subproject. international cooperation for the Not Applicable to the project conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources. According to the Ramsar list of Wetlands of International Importance, there are 25 designated wetlands in India which are required to be protected.

S.No. Agreement Requirements for the Project

Solid wastes generated during the road Convention on the Transboundary construction may fall in hazardous waste Movements of Hazardous Wastes and category. This will be disposed within the Their Disposal, 1989 country, and therefore will not attract this convention.

To protect human health and the 2 environment against the adverse effects of hazardous wastes. This aims at (i) reduction of hazardous waste generation, promotion of environmentally sound management (ii) restriction of transboundary movements, and (iii) a regulatory system for transboundary movements.

This Convention defines and provides for the Convention Concerning the Protection of conservation of the world`s heritage by 3 the World Cultural and Natural Heritage listing the natural and cultural sites whose (Paris 1972) value should be preserved. Not applicable for the road subproject. This provides for a framework for biodiversity and requires signatories to 4 Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) develop a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Not applicable for the road subproject This sets the framework for agreements Convention on the Conservation of between countries important to the 5 Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn migration of 8 threatened species. Not 1979) applicable for the subproject. The UNFCC is an international environmental treaty with the main objective to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that will prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system. United Nations Framework Convention 6 on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 1993 India signed the UNFCC on 10 June 1992 and ratified it on 1 November 1993. The project will ensure that all construction activities will not significantly increase the GHG emissions and ensure that design of all infrastructure are resilient climate change impacts

2.3. ADB Policy

ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of ADB’s operations, and the requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB SPS, 2009. This states that ADB requires environmental assessment of all project loans, program loans, sector loans,

sector development program loans, and loans involving financial intermediaries, and private sector loans.

Environment Categorization. ADB uses a classification system to reflect the significance of a project’s potential environmental impacts. A project’s category is determined by the category of its most environmentally sensitive component, including direct, indirect, cumulative, and induced impacts in the project’s area of influence. Each proposed project is scrutinized as to its type, location, scale, and sensitivity and the magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. Projects are assigned to one of the following four categories: (i) Category A. A proposed project is classified as category A if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment is required. (ii) Category B. A proposed project is classified as category B if its potential adverse environmental impacts are less adverse than those of category A projects. These impacts are site- specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category A projects. An initial environmental examination is required. (iii) Category C. A proposed project is classified as category C if it is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental assessment is required although environmental implications need to be reviewed. (iv) Category FI. A proposed project is classified as category FI if it involves investment of ADB funds to or through a FI investment of ADB funds to or through a FI.

ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist for Roads (Appendix 1) has been used for the screening and categorization. Result of the screening shows the potential impacts are site- specific, short duration, not significant and few if any of them are irreversible. Thus this subproject is classified as Category B as per ADB SPS. This IEE has been prepared and covers the general environmental profile of the sub project area, an assessment of the potential environmental impacts on physical, ecological, economic, and social and cultural resources within the project‘s influence area during design and/or pre-construction, construction, and operation stages. An environmental management plan and an environmental monitoring plan are integral part of the IEE. The IEE followed a number of steps: (i) Conduct field visits to collect primary or secondary data relevant to the project area to establish the baseline environmental condition; (ii) Assess the potential impacts on environmental attributes due to the location, design, construction and operation of the subproject through field investigations and data analysis; (iii) Explore opportunities for environmental enhancement and identify measures; (iv) Prepare an environment management plan (EMP) outlining the measures for mitigating the impacts identified including the institutional arrangements; (v) Identify critical environmental parameters required to be monitored subsequent to the implementation of the subproject and prepare an environmental monitoring plan; (vi) Compare the environmental safeguard requirements of Government of India, Government of Andhra Pradesh and ADB, and identify measures to bridge the gap, if any;

(vii) Carry out consultation with affected stakeholders, local administrative bodies to identify perception of the Project, introduce project components and anticipated impacts; and (viii) Disclose the draft IEE at ADB website and prepare project brief and/or FAQs in local language to be made publicly available at the offices of APRDC. A number of field visits were done during the project preparatory phase from March – August 2015. Field visits were done to conduct ocular inspection and to assess the existing condition of the physical and biological environment of selected subproject sites, consult with local people that may be potentially affected by the subprojects, coordinate with APRDC, executing agency and local authorities, and to conduct secondary data collection.

World Bank’s EHS guidelines

During the design, construction, and operation of the project the borrower/client will apply pollution prevention and control technologies and practices consistent with international good practice, as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group’s Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines.7 These standards contain performance levels and measures that are normally acceptable and applicable to projects. When host country regulations differ from these levels and measures, the borrower/client will achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures are appropriate in view of specific project circumstances, the borrower/client will provide full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives that are consistent with the requirements presented in this document. Environmental Management Plan An EMP which addresses the potential impacts and risks identified by the environmental assessment shall be prepared. The level of detail and complexity of the EMP and the priority of the identified measures and actions will be commensurate with the Project’s impact and risks. Public disclosure ADB will post this IEE, or any update and environmental monitoring reports submitted by the Project Management Unit (PMU) during project implementation upon receipt on its website as well as disclose relevant information in accessible manner in local communities. Finalization of IEE PMU and PIU will update this draft IEE once detailed design of the subproject is completed and will be submitted to ADB for clearance and disclosure. Government Regulatory Body The Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board (APPCB) is the main state-level regulatory agency that is responsible environment protection and pollution control. APPCB through its 19 Regional Offices (RO) across the state regulates environmental protection related activities. APPCB monitors the environmental parameters to check whether or not it meets the standards stipulated in its consent order. Surveillance monitoring by APPCB staff, at least once a year, by visiting the project sites and collecting the sample and testing at APPCB laboratory, and specific monitoring in case of public complaints.

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

3.1. Project Type

The State Highway component of proposed VCIC Connectivity Project has considered a length of about 33.2 km (as per ToR) of state highways/MDR which include three road sections.

3.2. Proposed project road

The sub project Neleballi to Pallamala on Tada-Srikalahasti Road section has been proposed to implement and upgrade to two lane road on priority base. The project road passes mainly through two districts from 0+000 Km to 3+200 Km comes under Nellore district and remaining part of the road falls in Chittoor district. The project road passes mainly though plain and rolling terrain. The topography of the region is mixed type with combination of horizontal and vertical curves. The land use is mixed type with sections of agricultural land on plains and small/medium size industries in clusters. There exists a tar plant and stone quarry beside the project road. Roadside plantation is observed at few places on the project road. The improvement work will be undertaken along the existing alignment and the requirement for additional land is being ascertained to accommodate the proposed improvement work. There are no environmentally critical areas in the project road. Table 3-1 Description of APRDC-APIIC Roads

As per ToR As Per Design

Length (Approx) (in Proposed Length (in S.No Name of the road project Km) Km) External Connectivity to Naidupeta 1 6.9 7.568 industrial Cluster with NH – 16

Connectivity to Routhusuramala Cluster (Part of South Block of 2 10.3 9.207 Proposed Yerpedu – Srikalahasthi Node)

External Connectivity to Nakkapalli 3 Cluster, Visakhapatnam District (Kagitha 16 4.425 to Patimeda)

Total 33.2 21.200

Figure 3-1 Map Showing various APIIC-Industrial Clusters along the VCIC corridor

Figure 3-2 Routhusuramala Cluster (Neleballi to Pallamala Village)

3.3. Need of the Project

The Visakhapatnam-Chennai Industrial Corridor Connectivity Project is vital from the point of connecting various industrial corridors to the National Highways for the ease in transportation of goods and inviting various industries by providing other infrastructure facilities like water, power etc. The implementation of various project items will have the following direct benefits: • Improved quality of life for the rural population in the project influence area (10 km radial distance from the Project road), this as a result of better access to markets, health, education and other facilities; • A more efficient and safe road transport system through reduced travel times, reduced road accidents, reduced vehicle operating and maintenance costs and reduced transportation costs for goods.

3.4. Sub Project

The subproject involves re-construction and widening of 9.207 km stretch of Routhusuramala cluster.

The typical cross section of road is shown in figure below:

Figure 3-3- Typical Cross Section

3.5. Details of Structures:-

3.5.1. Cross Drainage Structures:-

3.5.2. Parallel Drains:- Nill

3.5.3. Requirements of Crossings and PUP/VUPs etc. :- Nill

3.6. Category of the Project Before the start of civil works for the any project roads, the APRDC must obtain necessary clearances/permits from the regional office of Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) for Category A project, State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority for Category B project and Consent from State Pollution Control Board. ADB categorizes projects based on their potential environmental impacts. This project has been classified as Category B according to the ADB TA Paper. The findings of the Consultants’ “Initial Environmental Examination” further confirm that this project falls under Category B. This category includes projects with adverse environmental impacts, which are of a lesser degree. As such, an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required and an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) may not be required. Category B projects require the preparation of an Environmental Impact Assessment only if “significant” adverse environmental impacts have been foreseen in the IEE. Significant impacts are those, which are comprehensive, broad and diverse and likely to be irreversible. The project road passes mainly though plain and rolling terrain. The topography of the region is mixed type with combination of horizontal and vertical curves. Roadside plantation is observed at few places on the project road. The improvement work will be undertaken along the existing alignment and the requirement for additional land is being ascertained to accommodate the proposed improvement work. There are no environmentally critical areas in the project road. As part of IEE, an “Environmental Management Plan” is also prepared. Amongst other things, this plan includes issues associated with “Environmentally Friendly Road Construction”, approach, which is now a need for all the road construction. Table 3-2 Description of road section The various improvement components are:

Summary of General Road Road Distanc Likely Scope of Road District Condition & Environmental Section e in Km Improvement Work Features The project road is a part of VCIC corridor. The topography of the region is a The improvement work rolling terrain. includes widening of the The land use is mixed with External existing carriageway to 2 lane habitations at few Connectivit configuration. settlements. A tar plant and y to 9.207 Nellore Quarry area presents along Routhusura the project road. mala Very few roadside vegetation Cluster available along the project Cross drainage structures road. shall be rehabilitated and It is found that about 109 replaced as found necessary trees existing along the project road.

3.7. Proposed Improvement Components

3.7.1. Traffic Considerations

The appreciation of traffic characteristics is one of most important activity to evaluate the potential of the existing road and identify the major issues to develop various components of the proposed improvement work.

3.7.2. Proposed Improvements

(i) Widening of road from the existing single to 2 lane configuration. (ii) Horizontal geometry will be based on IRC: 38-1988 “Guidelines for Design of Horizontal Curves for Highways and Design Tables (First Revision)” and vertical geometry will be based on IRC: SP 23-1993. Existing gradients in some sections are steep approaching the limiting values or even more than the exceptional values in some stretches. But due to site constraints only minor easing has been feasible. (iii) Side drains unlined, lined and lined with cover will be designed for the project road. (iv) Major junctions at start and end points of both ends are proposed for improvement as per geometrics laid down in IRC: SP: 41-1994 subject to road side structures/features constraints. (v) Pavement profile will have a 210mm, 250mm, 50mm, and 40mm thicknesses for GSBC, WBM, DBM, and BC, respectively. (vi) Lay bays/parking areas and wayside amenities are proposed as these may be required based on present and projected traffic volume considerations. Bus bays and rest areas will be constructed at required locations. (vii) Road safety measures are proposed as per IRC: SP: 44-1996 like road delineators, signage, metal beam crash barriers (at sharp curves and bridge approaches) and guide posts (to delineate the edge of formation). Various signages are:-

Signboards Routhusuramala S. No Length of the Project Road 9.207 1 60 cm equilateral triangle (Warning Sign) - 2 60 cm circular (Mandatory Sign) 42 3 90 cm circular (Mandatory Sign) 3 4 80 mm x 60 mm rectangular (Information Sign) - 5 60 cm x 45 cm rectangular (Information sign) 8 6 60 cm x 60 cm square (Information Sign) - 7 90 cm high octagon (Stop Sign) 5 Direction and Place Identification Signs upto 0.9 8 10 sqm Size Board. Direction and Place Identification Signs with size 9 - more than 0.9 sqm size Board. 10 Gantry Signs 2 11 Cantilever signs - 12 Reassurance Sign 4 13 0.5*0.6 Sigle Chevaron (cautionary) 82 14 0.45*0.9 Hazard markers 58 Total 214 36

4. DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

4.1 Introduction

A brief description about the existing environment, including its physical and ecological resources, economic development of the region, and issues relating to quality of life are presented in this section. Broad aspects on various environmental parameters (geology, soil, topography, climate, land use, water resources, water quality, air quality, noise quality, tourism, cultural resources etc.) which are likely to be affected (direct or indirect) by the proposed road improvement project are covered. These aspects are covered in broader geographic extent to present the entire project region.

4.2 Physical Resources Topography, Geology and Soil Andhra Pradesh is eighth largest state of the country has a geographical area of 1.6 lakh sq. Km, which constitutes 5.05% of the land area of the country. The project area lies between 13.2218° N, 79.1010° E and 14.2581° N, 79.9193° E. The soil type in the area is mainly red-clayey soil with sandy loam to clayey loam in texture. Stratigraphically, the project area mainly comprises Archaeans, Lametas, Deccan Trap and Recent formation. Climate The climate of Andhra Pradesh varies considerably, depending on the geographical region. Monsoons play a major role in determining the climate of the state. Summers last from March to June. In the coastal plain, the summer temperatures are generally higher than the rest of the state, with temperature ranging between 20°C and 41°C. The month from July to September is the season for tropical rains in Andhra Pradesh. The state receives heavy rainfall from the South-west Monsoon during these months. The month of October and November see low-pressure systems and tropical cyclones from the Bay of Bengal which along with the Northeast Monsoon, bring rains to the southern and coastal regions of the state. November, December, January, and February are the winter months in Andhra Pradesh. Since the state has a long coastal belt the winters are not very cold. The range of winter temperature is generally 12°C to 30°C. Nellore District: The climate of the Nellore district is moderate and characterized by sub-tropical climate. The annual normal rainfall of the district is 1084 mm. The peculiarity of this district is that contribution of SW monsoon is far less than the contribution of NE monsoon rainfall. The mean daily maximum temperature in the district is about 38°C in May and the mean daily minimum temperature is about 20°C in December/ January. Temperature in the district begins to rise from the middle of February till May. With the onset of southwest monsoon in June, the temperature decreases to about 20°C and is more or less uniform during the monsoon period. The relative humidity ranges from 60 to 80% in the mornings, whereas in the evenings it varies from about 45 to more than 70%. The salient climatic features of the state are as follow: Average Annual Rainfall - 1084 mm Humidity - 45 to 80% Wind - Light to Moderate Mean Temperature - Summer 300C - Winter 200C

Chittoor District: The district receives rainfall during both the South-West and North-East monsoon periods. While the normal rainfall of the district during the South-West monsoons is 438.0 MMs, during the North-East monsoons it is 396.0 MMs. The rainfall received during winter and summer is negligible, as it being 12.0 MMs. and 88.0 MMs respectively. The annual normal rainfall of the district is 934.0 MMs. The rainfall received from the South-West monsoons is more copious than the rainfall from North-East monsoons in the Western mandals and the Central part of the District, whereas the rainfall received from North-East monsoons is comparatively copious in the Eastern mandals of the district. Natural Hazards Andhra Pradesh coastal belt is prone to having potential natural hazards such as cyclones and depressions. Cyclones are rare in Bay of Bengal from January to March. Isolated cyclones forming in south Bay of Bengal move towards west-north-west and hit Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka coasts. In April and May, these form in south and adjoining central Bay of Bengal and move initially towards north-west and north; and then re-curve towards north-east striking Andhra-Orissa-West Bengal-Bangladesh coasts in May. Most of the monsoon (June – September) storms develop in central and north of Bay of Bengal and move towards west-north-west affecting Andhra-Orissa-West Bengal coasts. Post monsoon (October – December) storms form mostly in south and central Bay of Bengal, re-curve between 150 and 180N affecting Tamil Nadu-Andhra-Orissa-West Bengal. Cyclone prone areas of Andhra Pradesh are shown below:

Figure 4-1- Cyclone map of India

Siesmicity: The Routhusuramala cluster fall under Seismic Zone – III and are in the moderate risk zone.

Water Resources and Water Quality Nellore district: The district is underlain by variety of geological formations comprising from the oldest Archaeans to Recent Alluvium. Hydro geologically these formations are classified as consolidated (Hard), semi-consolidated (Soft) and unconsolidated (Soft) formations. Ground water occurs in all most all geological formations and its potential depends upon the nature of geological formations, geographical set up, incidence of rainfall, recharge and other hydrogeological characters of the aquifer. Among the consolidated formations gneisses are relatively good aquifers. Schistose formations also form potential aquifers when the wells tapping contact zones with intrusives. In the consolidated formations ground water occurs under unconfined to semiconfined conditions. Ground water is developed in these formations by dug wells, dug cum bore wells and bore wells tapping weathered and fractured zones. The yield of the dug wells are in the range of 15 to 35 m3/day and reduce considerably during peak summer periods. The occurrence of fractures in these formations is limited to 40 to 60 m bgl and occasionally extends down to 70 to 80 m bgl. The bore wells in these formations generally tap the weathered and fractured zones. The yields of the bore wells generally range between 80 and 350 m3/day. The higher yields are limited to the available thickness of fractured zones. The quality of ground water is as important as quantity. Ground water from shallow as well as deeper aquifers of consolidated formations of the district is generally good. All along the coast both shallow and deeper aquifers are saline. However, along the coast limited potable ground water zones do exist at shallow levels but they may not sustain for heavy withdrawals. As per the ground water resources of the district all the mandals fall under Safe category, hence no area/mandal has been notified. (Source: Ground water brochure, Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh by CGWB, Ministry of Water Resources). Chittoor district: More than 90% of the district is underlain by crystalline formations and the remaining area by semi-consolidated formations. The degree and depth of weathering varies from place to place in crystalline formations and hence the potentiality of shallow aquifers also varies. Ground water occurs under unconfined conditions in weathered portion and semiconfined to confined condition occurs in fractures, joints at deeper depths. Ground water in weathered formations is developed by dug wells. The Nagari Quartzites are mostly confined to uplands and hilly areas, which are covered by forest. These formations are massive and compact and possess meagre ground water potential. The ground water development is very less and there is not much habitation in these formations. The alluvium is confined to mostly riverbanks and stream courses with varying width and depth. Ground water development in this formation is mostly by filter points and dug wells. The well yields vary from 3 to 10 lps. with drawdown of 2 to 6 m. They can sustain pumping for 6 to 8 hours/day with fast recovery of water levels. The ground water in the district is in general suitable for both domestic and irrigation purposes. The Electrical Conductivity ranges from 750 to 3000 micro Siemens/cm at 25 deg. C. Fluoride concentration in ground water is within the permissible limit Air Quality As the road passes through the agriculture lands and industrial areas, where more number of trees (about 109) are existing all along the road, the air quality is within the permissible 39

limits. Nevertheless, location specific issues of air pollution do exist (particularly in the project areas) and air pollution does feature as one of priority environmental issues of the project areas. Dust, vehicular emissions are the main causes of pollution in the road side settlements, villages. Industrial air pollution is mainly confined to areas in the coastal region, where most industries are located. The levels of pollution are far lower and smaller in scale and air pollution is not a significant issue in rural areas because road traffic is very low. In the project area there are no major industrial activities taking place and also the density of traffic on project road is very less. The air quality is reported within permissible limits in these areas. Negative air quality impacts during construction are likely to result from three main sources, viz. (i) emissions from construction equipment, including delivery trucks, (ii) fugitive dust from earth-moving operations and demolition, and (iii) localised increased traffic congestion in construction areas.

Table 4-1 Ambient Air Quality in the Project Area

PM PM SO NO S.No Parameters Location 10 2.5 x x µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3

NAAQS Limit 100 60 80 80

1 Neleballi 65 38 14 18

2 Routhusuramala 52 33 09 16

3 Pallamala 62 45 18 21

Noise Level As per the result of reconnaissance survey, it is expected that noise is neither a major issue in the majority of project area nor expected to be a problem except where the project road passes through the settlements, market areas, and junctions at village areas at busy junctions small contribution to the noise levels are expected, but still the ambient noise quality is expected to be well within the permissible limits. It is expected that noise will be generated during construction activities like operation of heavy machinery, blasting works, the haulage of construction materials to the construction yard and the general activities at the yard itself. Concrete mixing and material movements will be primary noise generating activities and, most likely, will be uniformly distributed over the entire construction period. Noise barriers and other measures - for example the prohibition of certain types of construction activity and the appropriate timing of construction activities - may be required to mitigate these effects. Table 4-2 Noise Level in the Project Area

S.No Parameters Location Leq - Day in dB (A) Leq – Night dB (A)

1 Neleballi 46 34

2 Routhusuramala 32 18

3 Pallamala 49 41

Quarries Stone quarry present along the project road. From chainage 2+500 km to 2+900 km, at left hand side, there exists a mined out quarry at a distance of 8 to 10 m. The depth of the quarry varies from 8 to 10m. Mitigation Measures for Quarry area: • Development of green belt (2 Tier & 3 Tier) on the boundary of the quarry to reduce the particulate matter entering into the environment • Sprinkling of water on the vehicles plying road, dust generating areas and stock yards. • Provision of crash barrier at the head of the mined out quarries • Regular maintenance of the vehicles plying in the quarry area.

Figure 4-2- Quarry area & Tar Plant

4.3 Ecological Resources Vegetation More than the one third of the area in the District is covered by forest. The forests are of moist and dry deciduous type. The common species available in them are Guggilam, Tangedu, Sirimanu, Kamba, Yagisa, Nallamaddi, Gandra, Vepa etc. Bamboo shurbs are sparsely scattered. But forest area in the district has been showing a quiescent pecline since 1955-56 perhaps due to podu practice, indiscriminate grazing and browsing. To stem this, regeneration programmes are being carried out. Andhra Pradesh is endowed with rich and diverse forest resources and it is a reservoir of biodiversity. The forest area of the state is 94689 sq. km constituting 0.71% of the geographical area of the state and 12.44% of the forest area of the country. Legally this area has been classified into "Reserved Forest, Protected Forest and Unclassified Forest", which constitute 65.36%, 32.84% and 1.7% of the forest area respectively. Detailed EIA (Environment Impact Studies) for this industrial cluster is to be done at later stages of DPR. Data regarding recent air quality data, water quality data, noise monitoring data, groundwater quality data, soil properties and details on existing flora & fauna are to be taken by conducting Environmental monitoring at later stages. Details of Trees along the project road From topographic data, 109 trees (51 on left side and 58 on right side of various species exist within PROW of road. Table 4.3 shows the distribution of trees along the project road. The major species envisaged are coconut, palm, neem, eucalyptus etc. Table 4-3 Trees along the Project Road

Trees in PROW

Tree LHS RHS Total Tree palm 15 6 21 Neem 2 1 3 Tree Other 32 51 83 Tree Coconut 2 0 2 Total 51 58 109

4.4 Economic Development Andhra Pradesh has undertaken considerable industrial growth particularly in the major industrial sectors such as fertiliser, agro-products, edible oil-refineries & bio-fuel plants, Information technology, thermal power generation, etc. Presence of ports such as thee Kakinada port has provided additional advantage to Andhra Pradesh to become a gateway to the East. The major occupational pattern of the people in the state includes (i) Cultivators followed by (ii) Agricultural laborers (iii) Workers in Household Industries and (iv) Other workers Common property resources Various common property resources like temples, tombs, well, Hand pumps, toilets, etc., are found along the project road. There are about 7 CPRs with in the PROW. However, a total Electric poles of 111 (Left side 62 and Right side 49 are with in PROW). The below CPRs are the least affected number. To mitigate these impacts, R&R budget has been prepared and presented in the Social Assessment Report. Table 4-4: List of Common Property Resources

Common Property Resources in PROW Details LHS RHS Total Transformer 1 1 2 Hand pump 1 0 1 Temple 1 0 1 Bore-well 1 1 2 Bus stop 1 0 1

Total 5 2 7 Economic Activities Agriculture and Forestry Nellore district: Nellore is also famous for quality rice production and aqua (prawn and fish) culture. About 70 percent of the total work force is dependent upon agriculture either as farmers or as agricultural labour. The main crops are rice paddy and sugar cane. It is particularly famous for a rice breed called "Molagolukulu". Other crops are cotton, lemon and oil seeds (like peanuts) and horticultural seeds. The total forest area in the district is 2.62 lakh hectares. The forest area is concentrated in Venkatagiri, Udayagiri, and Podalakur mandals and is covered by bamboo, Cashew, Casurina, Eucalyptus and shrubs. Chittoor district: While 4.51 lakh hectares are under forests, which constitute 30.09 per cent of the total area, the forest wealth is not very rich, but provides scope for certain strategic units. Beedi leaves and firewood are the major forest products, while bamboo and Rosewood are found extensively in C-giri Mandal. Good quality timber is available in Puttur and

Madanapalle Mandals. Red gram, horse gram, sunflower and cocanut cmps are grown respectively. Fishing Fishing in Nellore coastline is extensively used by local fisherman. Large number of irrigations tanks and Penna is rich in fishery resources. Nellore is famous for shrimp culture. Nellore district is called the "Shrimp capital of India" due to its high production of cultured shrimp. Industry Nellore district: The handloom sector is a small scale industry and next to agriculture by the number of people depends on it. Venkatagiri and Patur are important handloom centers in the district noted for their traditional handcrafted fine cotton and silk sarees embroided with pure zari. Krishnapatnam is a major port and market center situated at a distance of 20 km. The port is expected to become a world-class deep-water port. Iron ore and granite are being exported from Krishnapatnam to other countries like China. One railway line links it with Venkatachalam on main railway line. Tada is at a distance of 80 km from Nellore with new industrial ventures like the Adidas factory and Tata's Leather Park. An International Leather park project is in progress developed at Krishnapatnam. Chittoor district: According to the Industries Dept., Govt. of AP, Chittoor has 16562 Small Scale / Tiny industries with an investment of Rs.304.98 crores and providing employment to 75151 persons. Food industries seem to be the dominating industrial group in the district, having a share of nearly 30% in the total number of units, 34% of total employment and 19% of investment. The rich agro resources in the district provide ample opportunities for food processing industry. The second major industrial category is textile based industry, comprising of small power looms, yarn twisting and dyeing, handlooms, and readymade garments industry. Land Resources Nellore district: The total Geographical area of the District is 13.08 lakh Hectares. Of this 20.09% is forest area. The rest is distributed among Barren and Uncultivable Land (10.56%) and Land put into Non Agricultural uses (18.68%). The net area sown forms 25.96% while cultivable waste and fallow (current and old) lands Constitute 17.75%. Land use pattern along the project road is also mixed type dominated by agriculture followed by small/medium scale industries. Chittoor district: The district occupies an area of 15,359 square kilometres. Thirty percent of the total land area is covered by forests in the district. The rest is distributed Barren Uncultivable Land, cultivable waste land etc. Land Use and Roadside Environments The roadside environment is variable from urbanized town developments to rural agricultural areas, with intermediate semi-urban settlements and semi-rural open areas with occasional roadside dwellings and small businesses scattered throughout the route. About 30% of the road length passes through the urban/built-up areas. For the remaining length the road passes through high cultivation/agriculture land. 44

Transportation Nellore district: Roadways: NH-5 serves the major towns of Sullurpeta, Naidupeta, Gudur, Nellore, Kovur and Kavali in the district. The nearest international airport is at Chennai, 170 km to the south. The national railway runs throughout the length of the district. Nellore is situated between Gudur Junction and Vijayawada Junction on the Chennai–Howrah main line. A railway line is being constructed from Krishnapatnam to Obulavaripalle to link up this port with Mumbai Railway line. Rail Line is completed up to Venkatachalam junction connecting Nellore, Chennai cities. Krishnapatnam Port is one of the important ports situated in the district on the coast of Bay of Bengal. Railways: Nellore railway station is the major railway station of the district and is connected to major cities such as Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Chennai, Bangalore, Tirupati amongst many others. Airways: Tirupati Airport and The Chennai International airport are the nearest airports of the district and well connected via roads. Seaways: The Krishnapatnam Port is located in the district and is all weather, deep water port. Chittoor district: Roadways: The district has an intricate network of roads with more than 11,564 kms in length, crossing various villages and towns of the district. National highways which pass through the district account for 352 kms, while State highways account for 255 kms in the district. District roads, major and minor, account for 2407 kms. The recently taken over Panchayath roads under the control of Roads and Buildings Department account for 1498 kms, and Panchayath roads as such account for 7052 kms in the district. A fleet of buses provides transport services to all growth centers in the nook and corner of the district. The district has got a vehicle population of 1.98 lakhs including 7405 goods vehicles on road. The district is within reach of Chennai (formerly Madras) and Bangalore as it borders Tamil Nadu and Karnataka states respectively. These two metropolises are good sources of raw materials and market for the district. Railways: The district has 280.82 kms of railway track, of which 157.78 kms are broad gauge, while the rest of 123.04 kms are meter gauge, Tirupati, Renigunta, Kuppam and Pakala are important broad gauge links. Super-fast express trains, passenger trains and goods trains run through the district connecting Bombay, Chennai, Bangalore, Calcutta, Delhi, Hyderabad etc., providing vital transport network for industrial raw materials and finished products. Since Tirupati is the abode of Lord Venkateswara, there are direct transport facilities from Tirupati and Renigunta to far off Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, and near about Chennai, and other important places. Seaways: Tirupathi is on the Air map of India and there are weekly flights are to Hyderabad, Vijayawada, Chennai and Bangalore. It also caters to the travelling needs of business executives.. Mineral Resources Nellore District: Nellore district is famous for good quality of Mica. The district is also rich in other minerals like quartz, silica, barites, vermiculate and laterite. Nellore district is a major producer of mica in the country and has enormous reserves of good quality mica in Gudur, Nellore and Rapur taluks. The mica pegmatities of Atmakur, Gudur, Kavali and Rapur Taluks 45

have been mined for mica of commercial value for several decades. Occurrence of barytes is reported from southwest of Vinjamur with BaO content varying from 32% to 50%. Silica Sand useful in the glass industry and as foundry sand occurs at Ataknaithippa, in Sullurpet Mandal, Ballvelu, Chintavaram, Yerur of Chillakur Mandal. Mamidi of Muthukur Mandal, Pannamadugu of Tada Mandal, along the Coastal plains of the district. Barytes occurs at Vinjamur, Bandakindapalle, sankavarm, R.F Gundamadakala in Vinjamur Mandal. The mineral is off-coloured and occurs in Schists in association with quartzites. Quartz useful in glass and Ceramic industries occurs in association with pegmatites in Gudur Sydapuram Udaigir, Podakalur, Duttalur, Venkatagiri, Chejerla, Kaligiri, Vinjamur and Chillakur Mandals. Chittoor District: The district is not rich in mineral wealth. Steatite is the only mineral mined in the erstwhile Puttur and Gangadhara Nellore block areas of the district. However, the occurrence of gold, iron and Red moulding sand are also noticed in certain parts of the district. In Bisnatham area of the erstwhile Kuppam taluk, auriferous veins are 22 percent wide and carry an average gold content of 5.190 wt. of gold per tonne. Iron ore occurs in intimate association with hematite in the erstwhile Vayalpad, Srikalahasti and Puttur Taluks.

4.5 Social and Cultural

Nellore district: Nellore is considered one of the most tourist places in the state. Numerous temples, historical spots and beautiful national parks are the highlights of tourism. Sri Talapagiri Ranganatha Swamy Temple is one of the famous temples in Nellore district. The temple is more than 600 years old. The seven gold kalisams bring a unique beauty to the temple. There are several other important temples like Jonnawada for Mallikarjuna Swami Kamakshi temple on the banks of river Pennar. Somasila dam of Nellore is the biggets irrigation projects in Andhra Pradesh. Udayagiri Fort of Nellore has become one of the important tourist spots. The Udayagiri region is also famous for medicinal plants of the area. Chittoor district: Some of the popular tourist places in Chittoor are Narayanvanam, Suruthapalle, Bokkasam Palam, Srinivasa Mangapuram, Srikalahasti, Kanipaakam Temple etc. Quantum of Construction Materials Required and Borrow Area Particulars The different materials required for constructions of proposed road are as mention table Table 4-5 Details of Construction Materials Required Neleballi- Pallamalla (From 0+000 Km to 9+207Km)

S. No Item Description Unit Approx. Quantity

1 Barrow Area Cum 2,91,571 2 Fine Aggregates Cum 11,003 3 Course Aggregates Cum 1,05,788 4 Steel MT 1,362 5 Cement MT 5,433 6 Bitumen MT 1,810

Figure 4-3- Geological & Mineral Map of Andhra Pradesh

Figure 4-4- Forest Map of Andhra Pradesh

5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES

5.1. Introduction

This section presents the key environmental issues associated with different aspects of the proposed project. Identification and assessment of the potential environmental impacts are based on secondary information supplemented by data collected by field visits. Impacts on various environmental components have been assessed at four different stages namely Project location, Design, Construction and Operational stages. The implementation of a road project can cause environmental impacts that are short, or long-term, and beneficial, or adverse, in nature. As it is further discussed, the overall long- term impacts will be largely beneficial. The proposed external connectivity to Routhusuramala cluster will have major positive impacts in regard to the socio-economic environment and quality-of-life. A few short and long-term negative effects, mainly at the construction and operation stages, are, nonetheless, anticipated. These can, however, be kept in check through proper planning and adopting Environment Friendly Road Construction methods and the appropriate regulatory measures.

5.2. Beneficial Impacts (Positive Environmental Impacts) Positive Environmental Impacts

The following are expected: Improvement of the Routhusuramala cluster to 2-lane configuration will result in connectivity to the National Highway, reduction in travel time and lower vehicle operating cost i.e., per kilometer vehicle operating cost from the general improvement work and an absolute saving in cost due to reduction in fuel consumption for the existing traffic. Smooth flow of traffic once the 2 lane road laid, especially for the Educational Institutional buses.

5.3. Negative Environmental Impacts The following are expected: Improvement of project road may require cutting of road side trees of about 109 numbers. The cutting may reduce the ecological balance of the area and also enhance soil erosion problem. Also, run-off from the road and the re-channelization of existing drainage may increase erosion. The noise, air and water pollution and disposal of waste, during construction, may negatively impact both local residents and domestic animals. These effects however, only be temporary/reversible.

There will be a number of quarries and other sources as suitable sources for construction materials. The operation of these quarries, transport of material from quarry to construction site and the scars the quarries may leave on the landscape once work is complete, however, matters that must be carefully addressed if negative impacts are to be minimised. However, the operation of quarries is an independent and already regulated activity by the Department of Mines & Geology.

Also Improvements on road and construction of bridges may enhance soil erosion, and reduce the micro-level ecological balance of the region. Construction will also disturb the habitation of fauna living in this area.

These should, however, be only temporary/reversible effects. The widening will also require clearing of vegetative ground and cutting of trees (tentatively 109 nos.). The likely negative impacts of various aspects of project on the surrounding environment are more fully described in the following sections. Negative Impacts

Related to Project Location, Preliminary Planning and Design Location issues There will be a requirement to establish construction camps and related contractor’s facilities, borrow pits and quarries. These must be located in environmentally sound and socially safe areas. It is expected that construction materials for the road works will be mined only from approved quarries. The following criteria must, however, be applied when locating borrow areas:

- Borrow areas are not to be established in ecologically sensitive areas; - Villagers are to be consulted with respect to location of all borrow areas – these should ensure the safety of local communities and, if possible, should incorporate beneficial post construction features for the villages;

- Borrow areas are to be located away from the Corridor of Impact of Project road as well as 500 m away from settlements, so as to minimise visual impacts.

In regards to the setting-up of construction camps for labourers: - These should be located at least 500 m away from settlements; - Living accommodation and ancillary facilities should be erected and maintained to standards and scales approved by the Engineer-in-Charge; - Toilets and urinals should be provided in accessible places.

There are no adverse impacts expected on historical places/monuments. However, there are few religious structures/idols which are coming within ROW and adjacent to existing carriageway. Care must be taken to relocate these structures. The project road does not pass through (or) adjoining to the protected area (or) forest land (or) ecologically sensitive area. To minimize loss of vegetative cover and/or trees and soil erosion the following mitigation measures are adopted during the detailed design and construction stage of the project: The detail engineering design study shall be carried out for widening proposal in order to minimize the need for tree felling or removal of vegetation. The detailed engineering design shall identify areas prone to erosion and include land stabilization as part of the design. The detail engineering studies and construction activities will strictly enforce the environmental conditions put as part of the Environmental clearance and Consent conditions from the SPCB. The improvement of road will be done by adopting Environmental Friendly Road Construction (EFRC) methods. The improvements to the existing road for 4-lane configuration will require the need to cut vegetation existing along the project road. This will inevitably have a more significant impact and this matter is discussed in the following sections.

Other Impacts deriving from the Project Preliminary Planning and Design Process During preliminary planning and design of this project, the Consultants have taken into account the need for: 1. Optimum siting and control of quarries; providing adequate cross-drainage structures/drains; 2. Providing side-drainage structures; mechanised construction methods and thereby, for example, reduced use of firewood for heating bitumen; 3. Maximising safety and thereby reducing traffic accidents; Reducing travel times and, thereby, fuel consumption and emissions; 4. Increased accessibility for residents to education, health facilities, markets etc., and for others who might come as tourist or other purposes; and 5. Improving the socio-economic conditions of residents in the project area of influence. As part of the engineering works for this work, the following have been the guiding principles in determining preliminary alignments and other matters concerning route. These principles are implemented during detailed design wherever possible and, if this is not possible, the appropriate adjustments should be made on site during the construction phase: Table 5-1 Environmental Issues and Measures

Environmental S.No Measures to be taken Issue Final alignment should be determined so as to minimise 1 Alignment land acquisition and the impact on people, animals and to avoid unfavourable geological condition and cultural relics. Temporary and permanent drainage systems should be 2 Soil erosion designed to minimise the soil erosion. Borrow sites, waste disposal sites and asphalt mixing sites Dust and air 3 should be identified – keeping in mind environmental issues pollution such as dust generation & noise pollution. Any archaeological sites/remains identified along the 4 Cultural heritage alignment should be intimated to ASI prior to construction. Construction: Permits and Environmental Impacts to be taken into Particular Account during Construction Permits As a mandatory requirement of Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, September 2006, by Government of India, any development activities should not be taken in any part of country unless it has granted clearance from concerned authority. Highways are classified as one of the project (Item 7f), listed in said notification, which require prior clearance. The proposed project is length less than 100 Kms. And as per MoEF notification dated 22nd August 2013 the project road with less than 100 kms involving additional right of way or land acquisition upto 40 mts on existing alignments and 60 mts on realignments or by-passess may be exempted from the perview of the notification. Hence no need of Environmental clearance required At present, No clearances for the Project road has been obtained so far. The process is to ensure minimal negative environmental effects. Prior to applying for environmental clearance, a number of resource-specific clearances and permits have to be obtained.

The following table outlines the type of clearances and permits and the authorized bodies that issue them along with the procedures involved. Table 5-2 Authorized Bodies for Clearances and Permits

Authorised S.No Clearance/permit Procedures involved Time involved Remarks body State Level Environmental Impact Environmental 1 Assessment Not applicable to this project - - Clearance Authority, Government of Andhra Pradesh Application in prescribed form along with project report and required fee shall be submitted to APPCB. After scrutiny of Member application if required, concerned NOC from Andhra Secretary, Pollution Control Board shall Between 6 Before Bid 2 Pradesh Pollution Andhra Pradesh conduct public hearing in month to 1 of the Control Board Pollution Control particular district involving State year project Board authorities and Forest department and affected persons. After fulfilling the requirement SPCB may issue the NOC with specific conditions. Submission of application for stone quarry to the Department of Department of Before Mines and Geology after scrutiny Clearance for Geology and Takes between construction 3 of application and consultation quarry sites Mines, Govt. of 3-6 months. by with revenue department together Andhra Pradesh Contractor with site verifications will give approval with specific conditions.

Permission for Applications are required to be Before water extraction Central ground submitted by the applicant online Takes3-6 construction 4 for construction water Authority (www.cgwanoc.gov.in) to the months by Authorized Officer. Contractor License for Before Storing Diesel Chief Controller Various on-line steps adopted for Takes 3-6 construction 5 and other of Explosives grant of licence in form XIII months by explosives Contractor Pollution under Transport Before The format of Pollution Under Control Certificate Department, Takes 1 construction 6 Control Certificate in triplicate for vehicles and Govt. of Andhra months by shall be in Form P.U.C equipment’s Pradesh Contractor Consent for During Submission of application for Disposal of construction 7 APPCB Disposal of Sewage from Labour 4 months Sewage from (Starting camps Labour camps stage)

Permission for Divisional forest Submission of application online 8 4 months After tree felling Officer along with tree Data. Completion 51

Authorised S.No Clearance/permit Procedures involved Time involved Remarks body of Final DPR by Consultants Before Authorization for Submission of application for construction 9 Disposal of APPCB Disposal of Hazardous Waste to 4 months by Hazardous Waste APPCB Contractor Permission or Submission of application for clearance for Commissioner Before seeking permission for sand construction 10 sand mining in 2 months of geology and mining in the river by the river mining, GoAP Contractor

Unlike other states, in Andhra Pradesh, the road side plantations within right of way, comes under the authority of R&B Department. But for felling & transportation of trees, permission has to be taken from the Forest department at DFO level, under Andhra Pradesh Water, Land & Trees Act (WALTA), 2002. Environmental Impacts: To Be Taken into account during construction: General Soil and waste generated at construction camps will need to be properly disposed, otherwise it may create odour, other nuisances and disturb local drainage systems. Quarries and borrow pit sites and the need for such have not been finalized. Localized problems may, however, be expected at the finally selected sites. These problems may include dust and noise pollution and respiratory problems to both workers and local residents. The improvements to the road section may involve the cutting of some hill slopes and the destruction of some trees. At few location amount of cut and fill work expected to be significant mainly at curves and bridge locations. It also involves uprooting of trees. Debris generated during hill slope cutting should be disposed off in proper places. The likely environmental impacts from construction activities are summarized in the following sections. Physical Environment (i) Topography, Geology and Soil During the improvement works of the road sections and because of felling of trees, ground clearing; stone quarrying, and construction of structures etc. the micro-level topography will change. With proper planning, these topographical impacts can be kept within acceptable limits and sometimes even used to enhance local aesthetics. Any negative impacts on topography (existing or new), particularly soil erosion due to a lack of drainage facilities, will be minimised with the provision of proper drainage facilities such as culverts, causeways etc. The overall impact on topography is, therefore, anticipated to be insignificant. During construction phase, following restrictions should be imposed: • Existing vegetation including shrubs and grasses along the road (except within the strip directly under embankments or cuttings) should be properly maintained;

• Sites for quarrying, borrowing and disposal of soils are to be confirmed according to the applicable laws and regulations in the state and the practices followed in recent/ongoing internationally funded road projects should be continued; • Controlled and environmentally friendly quarrying techniques should be applied to minimize erosions and landslides; • Blasting (if any) should not be carried out during busy periods; • Cut material should be disposed of in suitable depressions; It is also important to: • Maintain adequate vegetative cover above and below the road; • Maintain the natural course of water bodies (that is as far as possible) and avoid throwing debris into stream courses; • Construct proper drainage structures, in order to prevent soil from being saturated with water and hence susceptible to erosion; (ii) Erosion, Silt Run-Off and Landslides Excavation and earthworks should be mainly undertaken during the dry season when the risks from erosion and silt run-off are least. The materials used for surface dressing will consist of aggregates and gravel, which do not contain silt. Internationally accepted best practice engineering approaches to minimize landslide and erosion risks and silt run-off will be incorporated into contract documents and monitored during construction. In order to minimize erosion, and silt run off, it will also be important to: • Ensure that all embankment grades are not too steep and prone to erosion; • Waste material is not thrown into nearby river streams and cross cutting water bodies; • Temporary retention ponds, interception drains, and silt traps are installed to prevent silt laden water from entering adjacent water bodies; • The topsoil of borrow areas is preserved and used for re-vegetation; • Borrow areas are provided with gentle side slope that are re-vegetated and connected to the nearest drainage channel to avoid the formation of cess pools during the rainy season; • Control the disposal and ensure the vegetative stabilization of soil. (iii) Climate The proposed improvement/construction works will be localized activity and the Project should not have any significant impact on climatic conditions viz. rainfall, temperature and humidity in the project area. (iv) Surface & Ground Water Drainage & Hydrology The natural courses of streams should, therefore, as far as possible be maintained. Appropriate temporary diversions of cross water-courses may be made if necessary. These streams should, however, be brought back to their natural course as soon as possible. Disposal of construction debris in streams and rivers should be avoided. This would disturb the water flow, cause siltation and also make the area look unattractive. Minor impacts on water resources are expected during the construction phase. The rehabilitation of existing bridges may also cause soil erosion and turbidity in immediate 53

downstream water bodies. To mitigate this, water-bodies slope stabilities should be monitored and, if necessary, appropriate remedial measures applied throughout the construction period. If possible, construction work at bridges should be avoided during the rainy season. This should minimize erosion and sedimentation. The likely impacts of surface water movements are changes in the natural drainage systems and downstream scour and erosion due to construction in flows. If suspended solid concentrations in the water are affected, this could also affect aquatic ecology. Construction activities could also lead to: Temporary pollution of water bodies: from spillage of chemicals and oil at construction sites and waste from construction camps; Discharge of sediment-laden water from construction areas; Uncontrolled surface water discharge over the road edge: creating large–scale erosion on down-slopes. To mitigate these impacts the following should be implemented: Chemicals and oils should be stored in secure, impermeable containers, and disposed of well away from surface waters; No vehicle cleaning activity should be allowed within 300 m of water bodies/drains; Construction camps should be equipped with sanitary latrines that do not pollute surface waters; Work on bridges and culverts should be limited to dry seasons, when many of the smaller streams will have low water - water diversion works can thus be minimized and the original course restored immediately after the work has been completed; Drivers should be made aware of diversions and other works at bridge construction sites; - this is particularly important at night, to avoid the accidents. Drainage structures should be properly designed to accommodate forecast discharges; Side drain waters must be discharged at every available stream crossing so that the amount of discharge water is minimized and minimal erosion occurs at the water outlets; Lined drainage structures should be provided; Where an increased discharge of surface water endangers the stability of the water outlet, erosion protection measures such as bioengineering measures, ripraps, and check dams etc., should be incorporated; In areas with high water tables, seepage may occur and side drains and up-slope catch drains must always been lined - this so that no surface water can penetrate into the subsoil; and All debris and vegetation, clogging culverts should be regularly cleared. Ground water pollution most frequently occurs when a disposal site contains chemical substances, which are leached out during precipitation and then percolate to the ground water table. It is envisaged that no such materials, in any substantial quantity, will be used in the project. Negative impacts on ground water quality are, therefore, not anticipated- neither during the construction nor operation phases.

(v) Air Quality During construction, and at the micro-level only, air quality may be degraded for short periods. This will occur from: (i) the exhaust emissions from the operation of construction machinery; (ii) fugitive emissions from brick, concrete, and asphalt plants; (iii) the dust generated from the haulage of materials, exposed soils and material stockpiles, (iv) cutting and filling of hill slope, (v) cleaning of the road, (vi) material loading, (vii) unloading and (viii) blasting activities. The impact is, however, expected to be localized, temporary and confined to construction areas. Negative air quality impacts during construction are likely to result from three main sources, viz. (i) emissions from construction equipment, including delivery trucks; (ii) fugitive dust from earth-moving operations and demolition; and (iii) localized increased traffic congestion in construction areas. The negative impacts on air quality during construction stage can be classified as in Table 5.3. There are two types of pollution, dust pollution and pollution from harmful gases. Table 5-3 Impact on Air Quality during Construction Stage

S.No Impact Source

1 Generation of Dust • Transportation and tipping of cut material - while the former (SPM) will occur over the entire stretch between the cutting location and disposal site, the latter is more location specific and more intense; • Blasting operations; • Activation of landslides and rock falls etc.; • Transportation of raw materials from quarries and borrow sites; • Stone crushing, handling and storage of aggregates in asphalt plants; • Site levelling, clearing of trees, materials loading/unloading at construction site, construction of bridges; • Concrete batching plants; • Hot mix plants – due to the mixing of aggregates with bitumen; and • Construction of structures and allied activities

2 Generation of • Hot mix plants; polluting gases • Large construction equipment, trucks and asphalt producing including SO2, NOx and paving equipment; and HC • The movement of heavy machinery, oil tankers etc. on steep slopes will cause much higher emissions of gases; • Toxic gases released through the heating process during bitumen production; and • Inadequate vehicle maintenance and the use of adulterated fuel in vehicles

On the proposed cluster, it is expected that air quality will be affected to some minor extent by dust and particulate matters generated by construction, vehicular movements, site clearance, earth filling and material loading and unloading. The impacts are, however,

expected to be localised, temporary and confined to construction areas. Care should, however, be taken at sensitive locations so that harmful impacts can be minimised.

As it is expected that Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) levels will increase during construction, certain mitigation measures are suggested in order to bring down these levels to prescribed standards (or) as far as is possible. The following actions should be implemented: There should be regular check-up and maintenance of construction equipment - the idling of engines should be discouraged and machinery causing excessive pollution (i.e., visible clouds of smoke) should be banned from sites; Hot mix plant, Wet mix plant & Concrete batching plant should be operated within the permissible limits prescribed by CPCB, and be located away from settlements; Contractor should submit a dust suppression and control programme to the APRDC prior to construction – this plan should detail actions to be taken to minimise dust generation and identify equipment to be used; Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials should be covered to reduce spills; Controlled blasting, if necessary, shall be carried out only with the prior approval of the APRDC; Bitumen emulsion should be used wherever feasible, and Bitumen heater should be used and the use of wood for fuel shall be prohibited.

(vi) Noise Levels

The existing noise in the project area is not a problem and is within the permissible limits. During the construction period, noise will be generated from the operation of heavy machinery, the haulage of construction materials to the construction yard and the general activities at the yard itself. Concrete mixing and material movements will be primary noise generating activities and, most likely, will be uniformly distributed over the entire construction period. These construction activities are expected to produce noise levels in the range of 80 – 95 dB (A). Piling, if necessary, will also cause vibration. Noise and vibration from this source will be unavoidable but the impact will only be temporary and will only affect people living or working near piling locations. In construction sites within 500 meters of a settlement, noisy operations should cease between 22:00 and 06:00 hrs. Regular maintenance of construction vehicles and machinery must also be undertaken to reduce noise. The impact and sources of noise and vibration are summarized in Table. Table 5-4 Likely Impact on Noise Quality in the Vicinity of Project Area

Impact Source Increased Noise Mobilisation of heavy construction machinery; levels causing Accelerations/decelerations/gear changes – though the extent of impact discomfort to will depend on the level of congestion and smoothness of the road local residents, surface; workers and Excavation work for foundations; local fauna Construction of structures and other facilities; Crusher plants, Hot mix plants; and Loading, transportation and unloading of construction materials. There are few houses existing along the road. The R&R for the same has been drafted and no sensitive locations are available within the vicinity of the Road.

Typical noise levels associated with various construction activities and equipment’s are presented in Table below: Table 5-5 Typical noise levels of principal construction equipment’s (Noise Level in db (A) at 50 Feet)

Construction Equipment’s Construction Equipment’s Bulldozer 80 Crane 75-77 Front end loader 72-84 Welding generator 71-82 Jack hammer 81-98 Concrete mixer 74-88 Crane with ball 75-87 Concrete pump 81-84 Concrete vibrator 76 Excavation and Earth Moving Air compressor 74-87 Bulldozer 80 Pneumatic tools 81-98 Backhoe 72-93 Bulldozer 80 Front end loader 72-84 Cement and dump trucks 83-94 Dump truck 83-94 Front end loader 72-84 Jack hammer 81-98 Dump truck 83-94 Scraper 80-93 Paver 86-88 Grading and Compaction Landscaping and clean-up Grader 80-93 Bulldozer 80 Roller 73-75 Backhoe 72-93 Truck 83-94 Paving Front and end loader 72-84 Paver 86-88 Dump truck 83-94 Truck 83-94 Paver 86-88 Tamper 74-77 Dump truck 83-94 Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, noise from Construction Equipment and  Operations. Building Equipment and Home Appliance. NJID. 300.1 (December 31, 1971) The noise levels indicated for various construction activities/equipment, while far exceeding permissible standards, will occur only intermittently and be only temporary. Despite this, these extremely high sound levels present a real risk to the health of workers on- site. Mitigation measures: Noise barrier (Brick Wall) of 180 cm Width X 200 cm Height of length of 10m is provided at temple location. Since the anticipated post-construction volumes of traffic on the project road is expected to be low, impacts from higher noise levels will have little significance even though present noise levels in these areas are low. In these areas, the noise produced during construction will also not have a significant impact, if proper mitigation measures are taken. The traffic along the project road is as follows: Table 5-6 Traffic Location

Neleballi-Routhusuramala Road

Vehicle Km 0+600 Type/Location ADT AADT

Total Vehicles 1730 1841

Total PCU 2326 2482

Table 5-7 Total Projected Traffic Routhusuramala Cluster Project Road Year Total Vehicles Total PCU 2018 1841 2482 2023 2871 3703 2028 4298 5425 2033 6296 7852 2038 9017 11172 2043 12627 15706 2048 17758 22149

Mitigation Measures should include: • Construction machinery should be located away from settlements; • Careful planning of machinery operation and the scheduling of such operations can reduce noise levels. The use of equipment emitting noise not greater than 90 dB (A) for an eight-hour operations shift and, when possible, the siting of construction yards at least 500 metres from residential areas should be adhered to; • Controlled blasting should only be carried out with prior approval from the Engineer in charge;

• Contractors should be required to fit noise shields on construction machinery and to provide earplugs to the operators of heavy machines; • Blasting should be conducted only during day-light hours; and • Only controlled blasting shall be conducted, if necessary. (vii) Topography and Appearance Construction activities of the project roads will bring permanent changes in the local-level topography and appearance of the project site. There will be a loss in aesthetic beauty of the project area mainly due to the earthwork. However this is usually a temporary phenomenon limited to the construction stage and the stage immediately following it. Proper re-vegetation activities and natural resumption of site stabilization generally bring back the previous look of the area. The following table elaborates potential effects on the topography and appearance and appropriate mitigation measures. Table 5-8 Potential effects and mitigation measures

Construction Potential effect on S.No Mitigation activity topography and appearance

1 Stone quarrying Scarring of landscape and Stone quarrying should only be potential landslides (rock undertaken in legally approved areas. slides/falls). There may be Controlled and environmental friendly permanent changes in the quarrying should be carried out to landscape. minimise landslides and erosion. 2 Earthwork from Scarring of landscape due to Borrow areas should be in legally borrow areas unearthing activities, minor approved locations. As soon as but permanent changes in construction activities are complete, landscape. they should be re-vegetated and brought back as far as possible to their previous appearance. 3 Waste disposal Disposal of cut soils and Cut off material should be used to debris at improper locations widen the road or disposed of at such as hillside below the proper disposal sites. road will make the area look untidy and unattractive. 4 Establishment of Disposal of waste and litter at Provision and allocation of proper labour camps improper locations and waste disposal bins and sites are deforestation for fire-wood will required. A supply of cooking gas make the area look dirty and should be provided by the contractor unattractive. to eliminate the use of fire wood.

5.4. Ecological Resources

i. Wildlife There is no forest area in the Project Influence area nor have any wild-life crossings been reported by the Forest Department. ii. Vegetation The project road passes through plain terrain. Removal of the existing road-side vegetative cover and uprooting of about 109 trees which will reduce the ecological balance in the areas. This will enhance soil erosion. Another impact from road construction activities and deriving from quarrying, preparation and transfer of stone 59

aggregates and earthwork, is the accumulation of dust on the surrounding vegetation. This will leads to deterioration of the vegetative health, which in turn will affect the ecology as well as the aesthetic beauty of the area. Induced impacts may result from the following: • Increased earth and rock extraction • Construction crew demands for wood as a fuel and for building materials • Construction crew demands for food • To minimise negative impacts on the vegetative cover the contract documents should specify that: a) All wood building material for workers housing should be brought from outside the project area; b) Workers should be supplied with non-wood fuels such as kerosene or liquefied petroleum gas for the duration of the contract; c) All contractor equipment and plants should be cleaned to the satisfaction of the project Engineer-in-charge prior to their relocation to project sites; d) During site clearance, care should be taken to ensure that the minimum area of vegetation is affected; e) Adequate Water bowser shall be used for sprinkling of water during construction activity on haul roads, so that dust deposition problem on vegetation are minimised. • It is estimated that about 109 trees will need to be removed for widening of the road. Generally only part of the removed vegetation can be revived. Revival can be maximised by applying the following methods: a) Clearing only the necessary amount of vegetation from the project sites; b) Protection of slopes of road embankment by turfing with Kew grass (or) locally valuable species

5.5. Human Resources i. Health, Safety and Hygiene for Construction Workers Construction of the road will inevitably result in the generation of waste. In isolated places, the amount of waste generated may be greater than normal because of substandard subsoil materials, which will need to be replaced. The Contractor will be required to control the construction site, keep it clean and provide facilities such as dust bins and dust collectors for the temporary storage of all waste. This waste should be stored adequately to avoid the pollution of water supplies and water sources and to avoid dust formation. The Contractor should be responsible for the safe removal and/or storage of all waste in order to prevent environmental pollution of any type that may be harmful to people or animals. All necessary safeguards should be taken to ensure the safety, welfare and good health of all persons entitled to be on the sites and to ensure that works are carried out in a safe and efficient manner. The personnel working at vulnerable site locations should wear safety helmets and strong footwear. It should be ensured that all workmen and staff employed on site use proper safety equipment for example, eye protectors, ear plugs,

safety helmets, and the designated safety equipment when working over water and that proper rescue equipment is available. Fire extinguishers and first-aid equipment’s shall be kept at all sites. Inevitably, injuries may occur. At the construction camps and at all workplaces, first aid equipment and nursing staff should, therefore, be available. The construction camps are anticipated to house up to 200 people for about eighteen months. With this concentration of people, the potential for the transmission of diseases and illnesses will increase. The main health and safety risks during construction will arise from: inadequate sanitation facilities in worker camps introduction of sexually transmitted and other diseases, by immigrant workers; and outbreaks of malaria, typhoid, cholera etc. amongst the labour force. The following actions should be undertaken at construction camps and stipulated in construction contracts: the contractor should be required to submit and obtain approval for a health and safety plan prior to the commencement of work; there should be provision of adequate health care facilities; and workers should be required to undergo pre- employment medical screening and treatment (if required) and periodic health checks thereafter. Additionally, the project should support a public health education programme for workers and villagers covering road safety, malaria, hygiene, and sexually transmitted diseases. The district health departments should participate in monitoring and education of communities and workers affected by the project. ii. Nuisance to nearby properties Nuisance to nearby properties is likely to result from: noise and vibration from mechanical devices and construction plant; dust during quarrying, construction and the trafficking of new surfaces prior to sealing; gaseous emissions from heavy equipment; and fumes from asphalt boiling sites. Presently air/dust pollution is not a major issue in these areas. Nonetheless, there should be regular watering of the road surfaces or the application of emulsion coats near villages, where dust is a nuisance. Noise generating equipment such as power generators and concrete mixers should be kept away from populated/commercial areas. Provisions should also be incorporated into the contract to require the use of dust suppression measures. iii. Interference with Utilities and Traffic On the project road, utilities interfere with the RoW at few locations. There are, however, few locations of electricity and telephone cables that will have to be moved prior to construction. This should not be a major problem. Traffic may experience minor delays when diverted around active construction areas, but will be more severely hampered at the locations where temporary road closures are necessary. Such may, however, be unavoidable. Danger points should have proper signs indicating the nature of the problem envisaged. All signs should be distinct and visible. iv. Community Impacts There will be minor widening work on entire road length - in which case the resettlement problem will be only minor or nil. A public consultation process has been undertaken as part of the IEE study.

Construction camps may, however, put stress on local resources and the infrastructure in nearby communities. In addition, local people may raise construction-process related grievances with the workers. This sometimes leads to aggression between residents and migrant workers. To prevent such problems, the Contractor should provide the construction camps with facilities such as health care clinics, places of worship and occasional entertainment. The use of local labourers during the construction will, of course, increase benefits to local peoples and minimize these problems. Construction activity will, however, inevitably impact community resources, often adversely. Religious sites and places of public entertainment are particularly vulnerable, though the owners of the latter will probably welcome the increased, albeit temporary, patronage. v. Quality of Life The impact of the improvements of project road on the socio-economic environment will be significantly beneficial. Improved access and reduced travel times and costs will be major stimuli to economic growth, particularly in rural areas. The better access of agricultural goods to market will be particularly important and a major contributor to poverty reduction. Increased labour mobility will also occur. This may, however, have both positive and negative impacts. Increased access is a two-way phenomenon, and the corollary to increased access to the project areas is increased access for the residents of these areas to more urban life-styles. Out-migration may, in fact, be the principal outcome. There is also the likelihood of the relocation of homes and businesses to new road-side locations. During construction, benefits to local people can be maximized if the Contractor recruits construction workers locally. Where possible, he/she should also not discriminate in the employment of women. The long-term effects of these roads on poverty reduction are, consequently, expected to be significantly positive. vi. Construction Materials The use of proper sources for stone and aggregates has become a major issue in most states. Sand and gravel are often obtained from river deposits. Jurisdiction over stone and aggregates is shared between the “Geological Survey of India” and the “State Forest Department”. The “Geological Survey of India” issues licenses for major mineral developments. The “Forest Department” issues permits for stone quarrying and for sand and gravel extraction. This is largely because these are mostly found on forest lands. Roadside quarrying is officially discouraged, but unofficially continues, invariably by petty contractors. Road maintenance, repair and new construction will continue to cause large demands for construction materials. There is a clear need for a better materials supply policy in each district, both to minimise environmental impacts of small-scale, poorly managed operations and to improve the quality and reliability of supply. In some districts, it may be appropriate to develop centralised quarries, if an operator can be attracted. In any case, pre-designation of sources would give Contractors a level playing field for bidding and minimise incentives for environmentally damaging cost cutting. As mandatory requirements for clearance of project every quarry and borrow areas: should be subjected to a site specific environmental investigation; should work according to an approved plan; and should be left in a safe condition or restored to a productive land 62

use. Subject to these conditions, obtaining construction materials for projects will not cause unacceptable impacts. Quarry and borrow pits may be filled with rejected construction waste and afterwards should be given a vegetative cover. If this is not possible, then the excavated slopes should be filled in such a way that they resemble an original ground surface.

5.6. Mitigation for Quarries

• Aggregates should be sourced only from licensed quarry sites that comply with environmental and other applicable regulations; • Occupational safety procedures/practices for the work force and as per law should be adhered to in all quarries; • Quarry and crushing units should be provided with adequate dust suppression measures - there should, for example, be water sprinkling in work areas and along the approach roads to quarry sites; • There should be regular monitoring of the quarries by concerned authorities - such to ensure compliance with environmental management and monitoring measures.

5.7. Mitigation of Borrow Areas

• Prior approval should be obtained from concerned authorities and all local environmental regulations be complied with; • Within all identified borrow areas, the actual extent of area to be excavated should be demarcated with signs and access to the operational area controlled; • Borrow pit plant and machinery should conform to EPA noise emission regulations; • Protective gear, for example earplugs, should be provided to the workforce exposed to noise levels beyond threshold limits and there should be proper rotation of such personnel; and • All operation areas should be water sprinkled to control dust levels to national ambient air quality standards. • The project will require large amounts of bitumen or bitumen emulsion. This will, most likely, be supplied in drums. These empty bitumen drums are generally recycled as steel sheeting, or used in road construction as parapets or for bank stabilisation. When supplied and used in this manner, bitumen is not regarded as a significant environmental hazard. • The project will require the import, transport and use of fuel and oils. Minor diesel spills are common in region, especially around fuel stations. • The project provides an opportunity to assist the APRDC and Contractors in improving fuel handling practices so as to minimise future fuel spillage.

5.8. Environmental Effects Related to Operation

Noise Vibration, Air Pollution & Runoff The current traffic flows along the project road is expected to increase because of improved economic activities associated with better access. The larger numbers of vehicles will be an additional source of noise and gaseous emissions. Repairs to culverts

and new drainage work will eliminate/reduce the soil erosion problems presently caused by poor cross drainage. Land Use and Settlements The likely impacts on land use and settlement patterns are limited. Improved access will inevitably lead to increase in and out migration, but this is likely to occur gradually and over a prolonged period. There will be time for new residential areas to be established. There may, however, be a need to control ribbon development. The improvement of road will attract the new development along the road. However, this is not expected much in the near future due to topographic features, but still in long term induced development is expected. Social Impacts The likely social impacts can be divided into benefits that occur to local society and other benefits, in terms of improvements to the wider quality-of-life. Specific benefits to local people will include: • Easier communication • Easier access to markets (both internally and regionally) with savings in travel times and costs • Enhanced market efficiency through better distribution and accelerated deliveries etc., • Improved access to health, education and other social services • Employment generation • Improved technical skills and • Enhanced economic activity • Likely adverse social impacts will include • Increased chances of exposure to communicable diseases, particularly during construction • Influxes of new settlers leading to increased pressure on natural resources causing hardship to local communities relying on local/forest resources and • Rural-to-urban migration causing labor shortages in the depleted rural areas and other negative impacts in the urban areas.

5.9. Potential Environmental Enhancement/Protection Measures

In order to improve the environment conditions the following measures should be taken during construction. Sanitation and House Keeping at the Labor/Construction Camps a) Site Selection Construction camps should be located at 200 - 500 m away from existing habitations - the living accommodation and ancillary facilities for labourers should be erected and maintained to standards and scales approved by the Engineer-in-Charge; All sites used for camps should be adequately drained and they should not be subjected to periodic flooding; and 64

Camps should be located such that drainage from and through the camps will not endanger any domestic or public water supply. b) Water Supply An adequate and convenient water supply, approved by the appropriate health authority, should be provided in each camp for drinking, cooking, bathing and laundry purposes; Potable water supply systems for labour camp occupants should be as per the design approved by local public health/engineering departments and meet the water quality standards as prescribed by the WHO. In addition, the design of water system facilities should be based on the suppliers and the Engineer-in-Charge’s estimates of water demands; Drinking water system must be monitored in accordance with water quality parameters as prescribed by the WHO. Any water supply system used for cooking purposes that is drained seasonally should be cleaned, flushed, and disinfected prior to use. Furthermore, a water sample of satisfactory bacteriologic quality, i.e. a sample showing not more than one coliform bacteria per 100 ml sample, should be obtained before such systems are placed into service; and All construction camps and other workplaces, good and sufficient water supply should be maintained to eliminate the chances of waterborne/water-related/water-based diseases and to ensure the health and hygiene of the workers.

c) Toilet Facilities and Hygiene Within the precinct of every workplace and accommodation unit, latrines and urinals should be provided in an accessible place, as per standards set locally. Where flushing systems cannot be provided, all latrines should be provided with a dry-earth system, which should be cleaned at least four times daily and at least twice during working hours and kept in a strict sanitary condition. Receptacles should be tarred inside and outside at least once a year; Toilet facilities adequate for the capacity of the camp should be provided - each toilet room should be located so as to be accessible; A toilet room should be located within 200 feet of the door of each sleeping room and no toilet should be closer than 100 feet to any sleeping room, lunch area or kitchen; An adequate number of urinals should be provided. d) Waste Disposal The sewage system for the camps should be designed, built and operated to the satisfaction of the concerned public health engineering department, so that no health hazard occurs and no pollution to the air, ground or adjacent watercourse takes place - compliance with the relevant legislation must be strictly adhered to;

Garbage bins should be provided in the camps and regularly emptied and the garbage disposed off in a hygienic manner to the satisfaction of relevant norms; and On completion of the works, all such temporary structures should be cleared away, all rubbish burnt, excreta tank and other disposal pits or trenches filled in and effectively sealed off and the outline site left clean and tidy to the entire satisfaction of the Engineer- in-Charge. Silt Fencing Silt fencing will be provided to prevent sediments from the construction site entering into the nearby watercourses. The silt fencing consists of geo textile with extremely small size supported by a wire mesh mounted on a panel made up of angle / wooden frame and post. It is expected a single person will be able to drive the angles by pressing from the top. The frame will be installed at the edge of the water body along which construction is in progress. The number of such units to be installed can be decided depending upon the length of the water body along the side of the road construction. Silt fencing is proposed for a along the length water bodies adjacent to the road. This is based on the primary survey data and detailed discussions with structure engineers wherein it was found that the length shall be sufficient to cover all minor and major bridge locations and the road side water bodies. Depending on the length of the individual water body, the number of units of silt fencing to be installed is decided by the Independent Engineer.

Figure 5-1: Silt Fencing Oil interceptor

Oil and grease from road run-off is another major concern during construction as well as operation. During construction, discharge of oil and grease is most likely from workshops, oil and waste oil storage locations, vehicle parking areas of the contractor and the concessionaires' camps. A total of ---- oil interceptors shall be provided at all such locations to arrest oil and grease, as per figure 8-2. The arrested products shall be disposed as per MoEF and SPCB guidelines. The location of all fuel storage and vehicle cleaning area will be at least 300 m from the nearest drain / water body.

Figure 5-2: Oil Interceptor Design Rain Water Harvesting Rainwater harvesting structures all along the proposed alignment as per as per MoEF&CC guidelines and are a cost effective method for recharging of ground water level in the project area. The rainwater-harvesting chamber shall be placed at every 1000m interval with dimensions of 2 x 2 x 0.75m3 all throughout the project corridor except at urban areas. A perforated RCC Slab covers the chamber. There is a 20cm filling, which also acts as sediment trap. There is another sediment trap in the bottom from where debris can be removed manually after certain period. A vertical drain (PVC pipe) is then sunk from the bottom of the chamber to a depth which varies as per the water table. However the Rain water harvesting pit should be at least 3 - 5 m. above the highest ground water table. Drains interconnect these chambers. The contractor and the concessionaire, along with the Engineer shall identify locations along the project route where water can be stored for the summer at least in 10 locations. Since the project area is in a water scarcity area, this shall act as good environmental practice. The measure will also reduce the cost of transportation of water. These locations should be permanent which shall be handed over to the local residents at the end of the project so that the water shortages can be reduced to a certain extent. Lump sum provision has been provided in the EMP.

Design of a recharge trench The methodology of design of a recharge trench is similar to that for a settlement tank. The difference is that the water-holding capacity of a recharge trench is less than its gross 67

volume because it is filled with porous material. A factor of loose density of the media (void ratio) has to be applied to the equation. The void ratio of the filler material varies with the kind of material used, but for commonly used materials like brickbats, pebbles and gravel, a void ratio of 0.5 may be assumed. Using the same method as used for designing a settlement tank: Assuming a void ratio of 0.5, the required capacity of a recharge tank; = (100 x 0.025 x 0.85)/0.5 = 4.25 cu. m. (4,250 litres) In designing a recharge trench, the length of the trench is an important factor. Once the required capacity is calculated, length can be calculated by considering a fixed depth and width.

Figure 5-3: Rain Water Harvesting Design e) First Aid Injuries may inevitably occur and it is, therefore, pertinent to provide first aid facilities for all workers - at construction camps and at all other workplaces first aid equipment should be provided; Adequate transport facilities for moving injured persons to the nearest hospital should be provided and these should be in a ready-to-move condition; First-aid units should have an adequate supply of sterilised dressing material and should contain an appropriate selection of other necessary appliances.

f) Maintenance All buildings, rooms and equipment and the grounds surrounding them should be maintained in a clean and operable condition and should be protected from rubbish accumulation; 68

All necessary means should be employed to eliminate and control any infestations of insects and rodents within all parts of the labour camps - this should include approved screening or other control of outside openings in structures intended for occupancy or food service facilities; Each structure made available for occupancy should be of sound construction, should assure adequate protection against the weather, and should include essential facilities to permit maintenance in a clean and operable condition – the comfort and safety of occupants should be provided by adequate heating, lighting, ventilation or insulation and, when necessary, the facilities to reduce excessive heat; and Each structure made available for occupancy should comply with the requirements of local building codes – though this should not apply to tent camps. Guidelines for identification of Debris Disposal Sites The locations of dump sites should be selected in such a manner that: • Residential areas are not located downwind of these locations • Dump sites do not contaminate any water sources, rivers etc., • Dump sites have capacity at least equal to the amount of debris to be generated • Public perceptions about the manner and location of debris disposal are obtained and taken into consideration before finalising locations; and • Permission from the head of the village/community is obtained • Precautions to be adopted during Dumping of Debris/Waste Material • The contractor shall take the following precautions while disposing off waste material: a) During site clearance and disposal of debris, the contractor should take full care to ensure that public or private properties are not damaged/affected and that traffic is not interrupted b) The Contractor should dispose off debris only to identified places or with prior permission of the Engineer-in-Charge of works c) The Contractor should only dispose of debris from the improvement of public utilities after the proper consent of villagers and approval of the Engineer-in- Charge of works d) In the event of any spoil or debris from the sites being deposited on any adjacent land, the contractor should immediately remove all such spoil debris and restore the affected area to its original state to the satisfaction of the Engineer-in-Charge of works e) The contractor should at all times ensure that all stream/river courses and drains within and adjacent to the site are kept safe and free from any debris f) When dust is likely to be created, and to dampen stored materials during dry and windy weather, the contractor should apply effective water sprays – this should also occur during the delivery and handling of materials g) Materials having the potential to produce dust should not be loaded to a level higher than the side and tail boards of a truck and should be covered with a tarpaulin in good condition

h) Any diversions required for traffic during the disposal of debris should be provided with traffic control signals and barriers and after discussions with local people and the permission of the Engineer-in-Charge of works i) During debris disposal, the Contractor should take care of surrounding features and avoid any damage to them j) While disposing debris/waste material, the contractor should take into account the wind direction and location of settlements to ensure that any dust problems are avoided; and k) Adequate arrangements should be made to ensure that debris/waste material is disposed of to the nearest designated dumping site - reports on this activity should be provided regularly by NGOs/Village Society Heads.

5.10. Rehabilitation Plan for Quarry/Borrow Pits

The following are important: The objective of the rehabilitation programme should be to make the quarry/borrow pit sites safe and secure areas. Securing borrow pits/quarry sites in a stable condition should be a fundamental requirement of the rehabilitation process. This can be achieved by filling the quarry/borrow pit floor to approximately the access road level; From the outset there should be a restoration plan, which should influence all day-to-day quarrying activities; and Land-use planning considerations should be taken into account when defining devising and finalising restoration works and these should take into account the need to preserve the environment and, if possible, to generate income for local communities. Other criteria which should be followed when rehabilitating quarry/borrow pits are - a) Quarries and borrow pits should be used to dispose of rejected construction waste and covered with a vegetation. If this is not possible, the excavated slopes should be smoothed and depressions filled in such a way that they look, more or less, like an original ground surface; b) During the execution of works, the Contractor should ensure: the preservation of trees and stock-piling of materials; the spreading of stripped material to facilitate water percolation and to allow natural vegetation growth; the reestablishment of previous natural drainage flows; the improvement of site appearance; the digging of ditches to collect runoff; and the maintenance of roadways. Once works are complete, the contractor should restore the environment around the work site to its original state. c) Immediate surroundings of quarry or borrow pits should be developed as a low maintenance reserve, with significant areas of native trees and shrubs and areas of longer grass forming open spaces.

6. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

As per ADB SPS 2009 alternatives to the project’s location, design, technology, and components and their potential environmental and social impacts need to be analyzed. Without the subproject: In the absence of the proposed subproject, the road will continue to have frequent traffic congestions, reduced flow of traffic (commercial as well as domestic), regular maintenance costs on existing roads and inadequate access to ports and other key towns and commercial centers in the state. With the subproject: This project road widening and upgrading will improve connectivity between nodes to Kakinada port which is the VCIC gateway. The implementation of various project items will have the following direct benefits: 1. Improved quality of life for the rural population in the project influence area (10 Km radial distance from the subproject road): this as a result of better access to markets, health, education and other facilities; and 2. the derived stimulus for local economic activity; and 3. A more efficient and safe road transport system through reduced travel times, reduced road accidents, reduced vehicle operating and maintenance costs and reduced transportation costs for goods Location and design alternatives In general, the horizontal alignment of the project road follows that of the centerline of the existing road.. The land use is mixed with habitations at few settlements, Industrial and agriculture in rural area. Most of the project road is covered by roadside vegetation. The improvement work includes widening of the existing carriageway to 2 lane configuration. The benefits of the widened road will be improved road safety, lower vehicle operating costs and decreased journey times. The initial proposed road was re-aligned with sections of road to be widened on both sides to minimize the impact on people, structure and places of worship. In a number of locations, the road design has taken into account the location of the trees along the road edge. At some locations along the project road, vegetation including trees, obscure visibility. Where the design team consider this to be unsafe, trees will have to be removed. Where visibility is not an issue, trees may still have to be removed to accommodate road widening. However, as many trees as possible are being retained by a measured design. Technological alternatives There is no practical alternative to the proposed widening of the existing road to improve existing conditions. A cement concrete paved road structure would provide a construction alternative but the issues surrounding this construction would be similar, if not greater, than the proposed asphalt concrete road widening. Therefore it is concluded that in order to get maximum economic and social benefit from the existing highway road, widening and upgradation needs to be completed. This will not only have regional and national benefits but will impact positively on the local residents

living along the project road. Without the project, it is anticipated that the benefits of the existing road and increased activity will not be fully realized.

7. CONSULTATION, INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

7.1. Public Consultation and Information Disclosure

Meaningful consultations are to be carried out during detailed design and IEE preparation. All the five principles of information dissemination, information solicitation, integration, coordination, and engagement into dialogue were incorporated in the consultation process. A framework of mitigating different environmental impacts likely from the project was strengthened and modified based on opinions of all those consulted, especially at the micro level by setting up a dialogue with the village people from whom information on site facts and prevailing conditions were collected. This will be continued during the implementation of the project through grievance redress mechanism.

7.2. Objectives of the Public Consultations

Public consultations were held to allow the incorporation of relevant views of the stakeholders in the final project design, mitigation measures, implementation issues, and enhance the distribution of benefits. Stakeholder’s consultations were held with intent to understand their concerns, apprehensions, overall opinion and solicit recommendations to improve project design and implementation. Informal meetings, interviews were organized covering the entire project design stage. Consultations provide affected public a platform to ensure incorporation of their concerns in the decision making process and foster cooperation among officers of APRDC, the community and the stakeholders to achieve a cordial working relationship for smooth implementation of the project. It inculcates the sense of belongingness in the public about the project. The discussions were designed to receive maximum inputs from the participants regarding their acceptability and environmental concerns arising out of the sub-project. They were given the brief outline of the project to which their opinions was sought particularly in identifying and mitigating any potential adverse impact.

7.3. Methodology

Consultation with the stakeholders, beneficiaries, and community leaders were carried out using standard structured questionnaires as well as unstructured questionnaires. Questionnaire survey/discussions were designed to obtain background information and details of general environmental issues that concern people in the project area. In addition, environmental issues were discussed with relevant organizations, government officials, beneficiaries, community leaders and experts. In addition, personal discussions with officials, on site discussion with affected stakeholders, and reconnaissance visits have also been made to the project area.

7.4. Project Stakeholders

All types of stakeholders were identified to ensure as wide coverage as possible like Residents, shopkeepers and business people who live and work along the road specially the project affected persons, road users/commuters, executing agency, government institutions whose remit includes areas or issues affected by the project (state environment and forest department, Pollution Control Board (PCB)), Irrigation Department, Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) and most importantly the beneficiary community in general.

7.5. Consultations with Local People/Beneficiaries

The consultations with the affected people has been carried out and details are attached in Appendix No.6.

Section of the Participants during the Section of the Participants during Consultations the Consultations

Table 7-1 Summary of Consultation Outcome

Mitigation measures proposed / Reason for Concerns and Issues not being able to address the concern

Meeting in Routhusuramala Village on 01.06.2018- Participants 10 (including 3 women) The number of houses will be dismantled due to Proper resettlement site will be developed. construction of the road. Fair compensation on the basis of impact assessment of houses (on market rate). Facilities of issue of free Will be provided. House site, Pattas and construction of Houses for the affected houses to be given. Fair compensation for land (on market rate) and Will be provided as per the provisions of the residual and to the affected household. New Act and Rules of the State. Affected families need to be relocated as per In this village1 Families is affected. the provision of LA. Impact on shop and commercial structure in No government land. Family residents who are affected may be 1 Resident will be affected in this village. considered for houses under IAY Scheme. Government may consider providing any

Mitigation measures proposed / Reason for Concerns and Issues not being able to address the concern government vacant land for purpose shop commercial business. Suitable compensation need to be given by the Government as per the LA, otherwise Agriculture Cultivation will be affected in this village. alternative source of livelihood may be consider. Pollution and health related problems at the time of Necessary mitigation measures proposed in construction work. the EMP. Impact on rural water and drain system due to Will not affect, only after utility shifting the civil construction work. work will start. Provision for irrigation water flow from one side to the Any such existing facilities will be maintained. other. The compensation will be determined as per Participation of local leaders or public representative the new LA Act and the Joint Collector will be in compensation. the competent authority. Payment of compensation amount before starting the Yes, all compensation will be paid before civil construction work. work commences. Creation of employment for local people during the Provision has been made in the contract to construction of the road. engage local labourers. Meeting in Basavanagunta Village on 02.06.2018 - Participants 12 (including 4 women) The number of houses will be dismantled due to Proper resettlement site will be developed. construction of the road. Fair compensation on the basis of impact assessment of houses (on market rate). Facilities of issue of free Will be provided. House site Pattas and Construction of Houses for the affected houses to be given. Fair compensation for land (on market rate) and Will be provided as per the provisions of the residual and to the affected household. New Act and Rules of the State. Affected families need to be relocated has per In this village 4 Families affected. the provision of LA. Suitable compensation need to be given by the Government as per the LA, otherwise Agriculture Cultivation will be affected in this village. alternative source of live-hood may be consider. Impact will be assessed, structures valuated Impact on religious structures (CPR Three) and and compensation will be provided at compensation. replacement cost for rebuilding at a suitable place. Families residents who are affected may be consider for houses under IAY Scheme. Government may consider providing any government vacant land for purpose shop 4 Residents will be affected in this village. commercial business. Impact indicates that subproject settlement site about 270 DH considering that in impact admin higher in Kagitha and Patimeda village settlement. Road winding is limited to 20 mts on both sides Impact on land and religious structures and suggested now. shop will be reduced. All details will be shared before Timeline of the civil work starting and ending. implementation.

PUBLIC CONSULTATION AT DOMMARAMITTA Venue: Dommaramitta Date: 1-06-2018 Time: 9.00 A.M Participants: From the DPR Consultants: S Babu Praveen, Asst. Professor Sociology, Y.Madhu, Social and R&R Specialist. Public Participated: Potential Project Affected Persons The Village heads, Public Representatives, The Residential House Owners, Land owners, Housewife’s, from the Village . The participants list is enclosed with name of the person, nature of affecting designation with mobile numbers with signature. The villagers participated from the affected villages at Dommaramitta The village representatives S.Subba Rao , S.Uma Maheswari,S.Padma,S Nirmala, S.Sujata,S.Subhasini and other participated. The Public Consultation started at 9:00 AM with the WEL-COME Speech. The Social Expert Mr.Y. Madhu narrated the importance of VCIC project corridor to the participants and requested every participant to express their views, opinion, suggestions, and objections regarding the proposed road either social or environmental issues. The Social Environmental and Technical and Satra consultants, explained clearly about the project social, environmental issues and nature of affecting of settlements, common property resources (CPRs), water bodies, trees, and etc., The Technical Expert informed about the technical specification of proposed road such as existing RoW and proposed RoW, curves improvements and importance of usage of existing ADB Road and the proposed RoW at village sections in order to reduce the affecting settlement and LA to the participants. Issues Discussed in the Public Consultations are: i. Brief introduction of the project, importance, implementation and funding agency. ii. Loss of structure like Residential, Commercial, Residential & Commercial, CPRs and others. iii. Loss of Agriculture Lands. iv. Compensation for the affecting structures and lands. v. Affecting of CPRs. vi. Resettlements and Rehabilitation sites. vii. Road safety and health (HIV/AIDS). viii. Water bodies affecting. ix. Gender issues. x. 10. Loss of Trees. xi. 11. Vulnerable persons, xii. 12. Other issues. Suggestions:

1. The participants in Kagitha Village public consultation meeting expressed to form the new By-pass road. So that the village does not have any problem and Government will also have less expenditure. The villagers are against to the expansion of the existing road in village portion.

2. Due to expansion of the road at village portion government school compound, temple and houses are affecting. Hence bypass road may be formed, making use of Government lands. 76

3. Government must ensure that villagers are not losing the shops and livelihood. So government must consider formation of new Bypass road.

4. The affected families are majority of them are poor agriculture families who cannot afford for house construction, if they lose their house in road construction the government may kindly consider to take up the house construction under IAY scheme.

5. Most of villagers are from poor and Harijana families, majority opinion to form new Bypass road.

6. For widows the Government has to provide widow pension as well as house construction under IAY scheme. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AT ROUTHUSURAMALA Venue: Routhusuramala Date: 2-06-2018 Time: 4.00 P.M Participant: From the DPR Consultants: S Babu Praveen, Asst.Professor Sociology, Mr. Y.Madhu, Social and R&R Specialist, Public Participated: Potential Project Affected Persons The Village heads, Public Representatives, The Residential House Owners, Land owners, Housewife’s, Village Youth groups, Agriculture Labourers, Business men, Vulnerable People and etc. The participants list is enclosed with name of the person, nature of affecting designation with mobile numbers with signature. The villagers participated from the affected villages at Rothusuramala The Social and Environmental Experts and Technical Team from Roughton and Satra Consultants participated. The village representatives K.Yohan, G.Mani, T.Ravi, K.Ramanamma, K.Indiramma, N.Prashanti, K.Megana, K.Vajramma,K.Parandammayya The Public Consultation started at 4:00 PM with the narrated the importance of VCIC project corridor to the participants and requested every participants to express their views, opinion, suggestions, and objections regarding the proposed road either social or environmental issues. The Social Environmental and technical team of Roughton and Satra consultants, explained clearly about the project social, environmental issues and nature of affecting of settlements, common property resources (CPRs), water bodies, trees, and etc. The technical expert informed about the technical specification of proposed road such as existing RoW and proposed RoW, curves improvements and importance of usage of existing ADB Road and the proposed RoW at village sections in order to reduce the affecting settlement and LA to the participants. The President requested the participants to respond one by one based on the nature of affecting. The participants positively responded and started questioning, expressing their views, suggestions, alternative practices etc. Issues Discussed in the Public Consultations are:

1. Brief introduction of the project, importance, implementation and funding agency. 2. Loss of structure like Residential, Commercial, Residential & Commercial, CPRs and others. 3. Loss of Agriculture Lands. 77

4. Compensation for the affecting structures and lands. 5. Affecting of CPRs. 6. Resettlements and Rehabilitation sites. 7. Road safety and health (HIV/AIDS). 8. Water bodies affecting. 9. Gender issues. 10. Vulnerable persons. 11. Loss of trees. 12. Other issues. Suggestions:

1. Due to affected house the road should be By pass

2. From External Connectivity to Routhusuramala Cluster, all the villagers are with small population and poor people..

3. The existing road is more prone to accidents at village and people ready to give agriculture lands for new road formation.

4. Compensation should be given for the land owners as per the private market rate. As per the private market rate one cent cost is 7 lakhs whereas the Government rate per 1 Acre of Agriculture land is 4 to 5 lakhs.

5. Alternative source of livelihood is to be provided, as majority of poor and affecting due to road construction they will be losing their house. Hence road alignment is to be considered from the left side.

6. Compensation should be given 3 times more than the normal once, otherwise alternative alignment is to be changed

Public Consultation conducted for widening of road from Neleballi to Routhusuramala and formation of new two-lane road from Srikalahasti-Yerpedu (Routhusuramala Road) 1. Minutes of Public Consultation Date Place Agenda Metho Participants Participan and d details ts Time of Number Consult M Fe ation a m l ale e 25 January Tahsil To inform Presen Public 2 3 2019 dar the tation 8 Office public Inform Women s, about ation B.N.K road sharin Village andri widening g and leaders ga project, Discuss APRDC and conduct ions Thott of socio- 78

ambe economic Officials du survey and Revenue record Officials public concerns PMSC Specialists (Public Communicati on)

DPR Consultants (SATRA)

Issues raised Issues Response raised by Land acquisition will be done as per the Special Information noted requirement. Land will be taken from both Deputy sides of the road. Before acquiring the land Collector from the public, a socio-economic survey (SDC) will be done to assess the status of the APRDC affected person and is required to plan resettlement.

Village Revenue Officers need to support SATRA Data Collectors in doing socio- economic survey. Affected persons need to participate and provide necessary details to survey team. Some villagers are having agriculture lands Public SDC informed that the government on both sides of the road. If government will have no problem in acquiring takes some part of the land in the total land, but the land near to the widening, the rest land may not be useful road will have good commercial for the farmers. value and hence it is better to keep the land instead of surrendering the whole land Culverts need to be constructed to avoid Public SATRA to present the designs to the excess water from the tank, Pallamelu public and collect their opinion village coming on the road before finalization. Compensation for registered, assigned, Public SDC informed that as per the new encroached lands, borewells, assets land act compensation will be paid to categories of lands acquired and also for houses and other assets.

Valuation of houses is done by R & B Department, Trees by Forest, Agriculture crops by Agriculture and Horticulture crops by Horticulture Departments.

SDC informed the public that the 79

new land acquisition act will benefit public affected persons will be compensated for loosing houses and new houses will be constructed in government land.

The compensation amount will be decided by the district revenue authorities and public required to participated in the consultation meetings with revenue officials. There are many unemployed youth from Public Public Communication specialist, affected families, will they get jobs in PMSC informed that, VCICDP has industries coming in the area Skill Development component by which unemployed youth will be trained in suitable trade and opportunities will be available for employment Some people have encroached lands near Public SDC informed that encroachment of water bodies and are cultivating agriculture water bodies is not permitted under crops. Will they get compensation from the the government rules and the government for loosing livelihood encroachers will not get any compensation. Land for land is required Public SDC informed that for loosing houses, government will construct houses. But for loosing agriculture land, government will not provide land, only compensation will only be given. Socio-economic survey to be conducted SDC Villages Revenue staff to mobilize on on at Poyya, the affected persons on the schedules dates for the socio- Bhavanisankara puram, Routhusuramala, economic survey conducted by Kothapalem and Pallamala villages on 30th SATRA Agency and 31st January 2019.

2. Action plan for the outcome of public consultation outcome

Issues raised in the public consultation Proposed action plan / mitigation measures Lack of information on compensation for More public consultation and various land and assets information disclosure is required. 3. Photographs of Public Consultation

Photo-1 – Public Consultation Photo-2 – Public Consultation

Location: B.N.Kandriga Village Location: Thottambedu Mandal Meeting Hall Date : 25.012019 Date : 25.01.2019 4. Signature sheets

The signature sheets are attached appendix 6

7.6. Consultations with Women and Vulnerable Groups

Further consultations with only women and vulnerable households (female headed households, households below poverty line etc.) were conducted as part of the social safeguards studies. The purpose of these exclusive discussions was to ensure women were aware about the project and understand their concerns and expected benefits out of the project. This can be done further.

7.7. Disclosure of information

Information is disclosed through public consultation and making relevant documents available in public locations. The following documents will be submitted to ADB for disclosure on its website: (i) Final IEE; (ii) a new or updated IEE and corrective action plan prepared during project implementation, if any; and (iii) Environmental monitoring reports. VCICDP PMU will send written endorsement to ADB for disclosing these documents on ADB’s website. VCICDP PMU will also provide relevant safeguards information in a timely manner, in an accessible place and in a form and languages understandable to affected people and other stakeholders. For illiterate people, other suitable communication methods will be used.

7.8. Grievance Redress Mechanism

Project grievance redress mechanism will be established to evaluate, and facilitate the resolution of APs’ concerns, complaints, and grievances related to social and environmental issues of the project. The GRM will aim to provide a time-bound and transparent mechanism to voice and resolve social and environmental concerns linked to the project. A common GRM will be in place for social, environmental, or any other grievances related to the project. Every grievance shall be registered and careful documentation of process with regard to each grievance undertaken, as explained below. The APIIC environmental and social safeguards officers will have the overall responsibility for timely grievance 81

redress on environmental and social safeguards issues, including keeping and maintaining the complaint and redress records. Public awareness campaign will be conducted to ensure that awareness on the project and its grievance redress procedures is generated. Affected persons will have the flexibility of conveying grievances/suggestions by sending grievance redress/suggestion in writing, through telephone call to APIIC safeguards officer or by filling forms for complaints/suggestion by email in the VCICDP Project site to be installed under the APIIC websites. Careful documentation of the name of the complainant, date of receipt of the complaint, address/contact details of the person, location of the problem area, and how the problem was resolved will be undertaken. The APIIC’s safeguard officers will have the overall responsibility for timely grievance redressal on environmental and social safeguards issues and for registration of grievances, related disclosure, and communication with the aggrieved party. Grievance Redressal Committee Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) will be established at two-levels, one at APIIC level and another at PMU level, to receive, evaluate and facilitate the resolution of displaced persons concerns, complaints and grievances. The GRC will provide an opportunity to the APs to have their grievances redressed prior to approaching the jurisdictional sub court. The GRC is aimed to provide a trusted way to voice and resolve concerns linked to the project, and to be an effective way to address affected person’s concerns without allowing it to escalate resulting in delays in project implementation. The GRC will aim to provide a time-bound and transparent mechanism to voice and resolve social and environmental concerns linked to the project. The GRC is not intended to bypass the government’s inbuilt redressal process, nor the provisions of the statute, but rather it is intended to address displaced persons concerns and complaints promptly, making it readily accessible to all segments of the displaced persons and is scaled to the risks and impacts of the project. The APIIC level GRCs will function out of each District where the subproject is being implemented. The GRC will be Chaired by Joint Collector and comprising of the Divisional Engineer acting as its member secretary and the following members: (i) RDO/Sub Collector of the division; (ii) Project Director, DRDA; (iii) Chief Executive Officer, Zilla Parishad; (iv) District Panchayat Officer; (v) District Education Officer; (vi) District Medical and Health Officer; (vii) District Level representative of DISCOM; and (viii) Superintendent, RWS Panchayat Raj Department. The Project Director, PMU will be the appellate authority who will be supported by the PMSC and Safeguard Officer of PMU, and APIIC to make final decisions on the unresolved issues. Grievance redresses process In case of grievances that are immediate and urgent in the perception of the complainant, the contractor and PMSC on-site personnel will provide the most easily accessible or first level of contact for quick resolution of grievances. Contact phone numbers and names of the concerned APIIC safeguard officers and contractors will be posted at all construction sites at visible locations. The APIIC safeguard officers will be responsible to see through the process of redressal of each grievance.

(i) 1st Level Grievance: The phone number of the APIIC office should be made available at the construction site signboards. The contractors engineer and APIIC safeguard officers can immediately resolve on-site in consultation with each other, and will be required to do so within 7 days of receipt of a complaint/grievance. (ii) 2nd Level Grievance: All grievances that cannot be redressed within 7 days at field/ward level will be reviewed by the APIIC level grievance redress committee (GRC) with support from APIIC safeguard officers and PMSC environment and resettlement specialists. APIIC level GRC will attempt to resolve them within 15 days. (iii) 3rd Level Grievance: The APIIC safeguards officers will refer any unresolved or major issues to the PMU/State-level GRC, who in consultation with APIIC will resolve them within 15 days. Despite the project GRM, an aggrieved person shall have access to the country's legal system at any stage, and accessing the country's legal system can run parallel to accessing the GRM and is not dependent on the negative outcome of the GRM. In the event that the established GRM is not in a position to resolve the issue, the affected person also can use the ADB Accountability Mechanism through directly contacting (in writing) the Complaint Receiving Officer (CRO) at ADB headquarters or the ADB India Resident Mission (INRM). The complaint can be submitted in any of the official languages of ADB’s developing member countries. The ADB Accountability Mechanism information will be included in the project-relevant information to be distributed to the affected communities, as part of the project GRM. A detailed GRM GO is attached as annexure 16. Record keeping Records of all grievances received, including contact details of complainant, date the complaint was received, nature of grievance, agreed corrective actions and the date these were affected and final outcome will be kept by PMU. The number of grievances recorded and resolved and the outcomes will be displayed/disclosed in the PMU office, and on the web, as well as reported in the semi-annual social and environmental monitoring reports to be submitted to ADB. Periodic review and documentation of lessons learned. The PMU, and APIIC supported by the PMSC specialist will periodically review the functioning of the GRM and record information on the effectiveness of the mechanism, especially on the APIIC’s ability to prevent and address grievances. Costs All costs involved in resolving the complaints (meetings, consultations, communication and reporting/information dissemination) will be borne by APIIC; while costs related to escalated grievances will be met by the PMU. Cost estimates for grievance redress are included in resettlement cost estimates. The grievance redress process is shown in Fig.

Figure 7-1- Grievance Redressal Process

8. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

8.1. Introduction

DOI will be the executing agency. A PMU will be established within the Directorate of Industries, which is under the DOI, for planning, implementation, monitoring and supervision, and co-ordination with APRDC. APRDC will be responsible for implementing the IEE/EMP requirements. PMU will recruit PMSC to provide support in implementation of VCICDP. PMU will support APRDC in implementation, management and monitoring of the project. PMU and APRDC will be assisted by PMSC respectively. APRDCs will appoint construction contractors to build infrastructure. Once the infrastructure is built and commissioned, the APRDC will operate and maintain the infrastructure. At state-level a Project Steering Committee (PSC) will be established to provide overall policy direction for the implementation of VCICDP. VCICDP Subproject Implementation Arrangements

8.2. Safeguard Implementation Arrangement

Project Management Unit: The PMU structure is as provided in the Table 19 below. PMU will be supported by PSMC. PMU will appoint a safeguards coordinator as a part of the PMSC team to collect information and progress on environmental and social safeguards compliance. Table 8-1: Tentative PMU Structure

Position Tasks

Project Director Overall Project Management Project Director (Department of Industries) Management of land-related issues Procurement of consultants, civil works, goods, Procurement Officer and NGOs, etc. Technical officer with engineering background PMSC (Senior Engineer) and preferably experience of multilateral projects Institutional Coordination and Policy Reforms Policy and Institutional support officer Investment Promotion Officer Coordination of VCICDP promotion, marketing Monitoring and Evaluation Officer Monitoring project results PMSC (Environmental Safeguards Officer) Environmental safeguards compliance PMSC (Social Safeguards and Gender Officer) Resettlement compliance, social, gender Chief Accountant and Financial Management Project accounting, audit and reporting Officer Accountant Accounting

Position Tasks Office Manager Office management

Key tasks and responsibilities of the PMU environmental safeguards officer are as follows: (i) confirm existing IEEs/EMPs are updated based on detailed designs and that new IEEs/EMPs are prepared in accordance with the EARF and subproject selection criteria related to safeguards; (ii) confirm whether IEEs/EMPs are included in bidding documents and civil works contracts; (iii) provide oversight on environmental management aspects of subprojects; (iv) ensure SEMPs prepared by contractors are cleared by APRDCs prior to commencement of civil works; (v) establish a system to monitor environmental safeguards of the project including monitoring the indicators set out in the monitoring plan of the SEMPs; (vi) facilitate and confirm overall compliance with all Government rules and regulations regarding site and environmental clearances as well as any other environmental requirements (e.g., Location Clearance Certificates, Environmental Clearance Certificates etc.), as relevant; (vii) supervise and provide guidance to the APRDCs to properly carry out the environmental monitoring and assessments as per the EARF; 86

(viii) review, monitor and evaluate the effectiveness with which the SEMPs are implemented, and recommend necessary corrective actions to be taken as necessary; (ix) consolidate monthly environmental monitoring reports from APRDCs and submit semi-annual monitoring reports to ADB; (x) ensure timely disclosure of final IEEs/SEMPs in locations and in a form and language accessible to the public and local communities; and (xi) address any grievances brought about through the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) in a timely manner. Project Implementation Units In APRDC Head Office, the safeguards specialists of APRDC currently working on a World Bank Project will coordinate all environmental and social aspects of the projects. Table 8-2: APRDC Environmental Safeguard Officer Tasks and Responsibilities

APRDC Environmental Safeguard Tasks and Responsibilities Officer

Environmental Safeguards - (i) include IEEs/EMPs in bidding documents and civil works APRDC contracts; (ii) review and approve SEMPs prepared by contractors; (iii) oversee day-to-day implementation of SEMPs by contractors including compliance with all government rules and regulations; (iv) take necessary action for obtaining rights of way; (v) oversee environmental monitoring by contractors; (vi) take corrective actions when necessary; (vii) submit monthly environmental monitoring reports to

PMU; (viii) conduct continuous public outreach and awareness

building related to environmental management; (ix) address grievances brought about through the GRM in a

timely manner; and (x) organize an induction course for the training of

contractors

APRDC Environmental Safeguard Tasks and Responsibilities environmental management to be Officer delivered by PMSC consultants

Project Management and Supervision Consultants The PMU and APRDCs will be assisted by PMSC which will be staffed with environmental and social safeguard specialists to provide required assistance and regular progress report on safeguards implementation. The environmental specialist will have overall responsibility in implementation of environmental safeguards, including appropriate monitoring and reporting responsibilities. Key tasks and responsibilities of the PSMC environmental specialist are as follows: (i) Update the IEEs including site- and subproject-specific EMPs for the subproject; (ii) Supervise EMP implementation; 87

(iii) Prepare a monitoring report of final site- and subproject-specific EMPs and communicate with the stakeholders, including ADB on the progress, of the subprojects including environmental safeguards compliance; (iv) Prepare semi-annual environmental safeguards compliance reports; and (v) Support the implementing agencies in preparing periodic financing requests and necessary environmental safeguard reports for subsequent tranches. (vi) Establish a system to monitor environmental safeguards of the Project; prepare indicators for monitoring important parameters of safeguards; (vii) Ensure all requisite approvals and no objection certificates are in place to allow implementation, and that these are renewed in a timely manner where required; (viii) Ensure that provisions and conditions of all necessary permits, consents, NOCs, etc., are incorporated in the IEEs; (ix) Take proactive action to anticipate the potential environmental impacts of the Project to avoid delays in implementation; (x) Assist APRDCs in the establishment of GRC for IEE implementation; (xi) Support the APRDCs and PMU in the GRM implementation to address any grievances submitted in a timely manner and establish record keeping system for complaint and redressal status of the project; (xii) Assist the APRDCs and PMU in the project GRM mechanism and complaint solution; (xiii) Assist the APRDCs and PMU for GRM record keeping for first tier complaint and redressed actions; (xiv) Ensure that the relevant environmental mitigation measures specified in the updated EMP will be incorporated into bidding documents and approved by the ADB prior to the issuance of the invitation for bidding; (xv) Closely monitor and supervise to ensure that all mitigation measures and monitoring requirements set out in the EMP are implemented and complied with throughout the project implementation, and when required, prepare or recommend necessary corrective actions to be taken and monitor its implementation; (xvi) Provide on-the-job training programs to APRDC staff involved in Project implementation for strengthening their capacity in managing and monitoring environmental safeguards; and (xvii) Assist the APRDCs’ safeguards officer to sensitize the turnkey contractors on ADB SPS, EARF, and GRM during detailed design and civil works implementation. Civil works Contracts and Contractors EMPs are to be included in bidding and contract documents and verified by the APRDCs and PMU. The contractor will be required to designate an Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) supervisor to ensure implementation of EMP during civil works. Contractors are to carry out all environmental mitigation and monitoring measures outlined in their contract. The PMU and APRDCs will ensure that bidding and contract documents include specific provisions requiring contractors to comply with: (i) all applicable labor laws and core labor standards on (a) prohibition of child labor as defined in national legislation for construction 88

and maintenance activities; (b) equal pay for equal work of equal value regardless of gender, ethnicity, or caste; and (c) elimination of forced labor; and with (ii) the requirement to disseminate information on sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, to employees and local communities surrounding the project sites.

9. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY AND DEVELOPMENT

The PMSC environmental safeguards specialist will be responsible for training PMU and APRDCs on environmental awareness and management in accordance with both ADB and government requirements. Typical modules would be as follows: (i) sensitization; (ii) introduction to environment and environmental considerations in water supply and wastewater projects; (iii) review of IEEs and integration into the project detailed design; (iv) improved coordination within nodal departments; and (v) monitoring and reporting system. Specific modules customized for the available skill set will be devised after assessing the capabilities of the target participants and the requirements of the project. The contractors will be required to conduct environmental awareness and orientation of workers prior to deployment to work sites. The proposed training project, along with the frequency of sessions, is presented in table.

Table 9-1 Training Program for Environmental Management

S.No Description Contents Schedule Participants A Pre-Construction stage Module 1 – Orientation PMU, and APRDCs 1/2 day (at Vijayawada) ADB Safeguard Policy Statement officials involved in project (50 persons) Government of India Environmental Laws and Regulations implementation Module 2 – Environmental Assessment Process ADB environmental process, identification of impacts and 1 Orientation workshop mitigation measures, formulation of an environmental PMU, and APRDCs management plan (EMP), implementation, and monitoring 1/2 day (at Vijayawada) officials involved in project requirements (50 persons) implementation. Review of Environmental assessment report to comply with ADB requirements Incorporation of EMP into the project design and contracts B Construction stage Roles and responsibilities of officials/contractors/consultants towards protection of environment - Environmental issues during Orientation program/ workshop construction 1 day (at Subproject PMU APRDCs 2 for contractors and supervisory Implementation of EMP locations) (15 persons) Contractors staff Monitoring of EMP implementation Reporting requirements 1 day on a regular period to be determined by PMU, Experiences and best practices Experiences on EMP implementation issues and challenges, PMU APRDCs 3 – APRDCs, and PMSC sharing Best practices followed Contractors (at Vijayawada) (50 persons)

ADB = Asian Development Bank; EMP = Environmental Management Plan; APRDC = Project Implementation Unit; PMU = Project Management Unit; PMSC = Design and Supervision Consultant; APRDC=Andhra Pradesh Road Development Corporation; APIIC= Andhra Pradesh Industrial & Infrastructure Corporation; AP Transco=Andhra Pradesh Transmission Corporation.

10. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT & MONITORING PLAN

10.1. Environment Management Plan

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is intended to set out clearly and unambiguously the likely negative impacts of construction and/or operation of the project, the action that is required to avoid or mitigate each impact and the responsibility for taking each action. Responsibility is made legally binding when actions are subsequently specified in contracts. The EMP also ensures that the positive impacts are conserved and enhanced. It addition, it provides measures for institutional strengthening and effectiveness assessment through defined monitoring plan, reporting and corrective & preventive action planning. More specifically the objectives of the EMP are: (i) To ensure compliance with Asian Development Bank’s applicable safeguard policies, and regulatory requirements of Andhra Pradesh and the Government of India; (ii) To formulate avoidance, mitigation and compensation measures for anticipated adverse environmental impacts during construction and maintenance and ensure that environmentally sound, sustainable and good practices are adopted; (iii) To stipulate monitoring and institutional requirements for ensuring safeguard compliance; and (iv) The project road should be environmentally sustainable.

10.2. Environment Monitoring Program The monitoring and evaluation are critical activities in implementation of the Project. Monitoring involves periodic checking to ascertain whether activities are going according to plan or not. It provides the necessary feedback for project management to ensure project objectives are met and on schedule. The reporting system is based on accountability to ensure that the environmental mitigation measures are implemented. Environmental monitoring program has the underlying objective to ensure that the intended environmental mitigations are realized and these results in desired benefits to the target population causing minimal deterioration to the environmental parameters. Such program targets proper implementation of the EMP. The broad objectives are: 1. To evaluate the performance of mitigation measures proposed in the EMP. 2. To evaluate the adequacy of environmental assessment. 3. To suggest ongoing improvements in management plan based on the monitoring and to devise fresh monitoring on the basis of the improved EMP. 4. To enhance environmental quality through proper implementation of suggested mitigation measures. 5. To meet the requirements of the existing environmental regulatory framework and community obligations.

10.3. Performance Indicators

The significant physical, biological and social components affecting the environment at critical locations serve as wider/overall Performance Indicators. However, the following specific environmental parameters can be quantitatively measured and compared over a period of time and are, therefore, selected as specific Performance Indicators (PIs) for monitoring because of their regulatory importance and the availability of standardized procedures and relevant expertise. This includes parameters to be measured, methods to be used, sampling locations, frequency of measurements, detection limits, cost and responsibility for implementation and supervision. Performance indicators requiring quantitative measurements are: Air Quality with respect to PM2.5, PM10, CO, NOx and SO2 at selected location. Water Quality with reference to DO, BOD, Oil and grease, COD, Suspended Solids and Turbidity, Alkalinity rivers/streams and water bodies at selected points. Noise levels at sensitive receptors (schools, hospitals, community/religious places). Survival rates of trees planted as compensatory plantation to compensate for removal of roadside trees. Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) Monitoring: Ambient air quality parameters recommended for monitoring road development projects are PM2.5, PM10, Carbon Monoxide (CO), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2). These are to be monitored, right from the commencement of construction activity at selected locations of plants and machinery, crushers on sites, excavation works etc. Data should be generated once in a season excluding monsoon in accordance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards as per CPCB recent notification of 2009. Water Quality Monitoring: The physical and chemical parameters recommended for analysis of water quality relevant to road development projects are pH, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, oil and grease, COD, Chloride, Lead, Zinc and Cadmium. The location, duration and the pollution parameters to be monitored and the responsible institutional arrangements are given in the Environmental Monitoring Plan. The monitoring of the water quality is to be carried out at locations identified along the project road during construction and operation phase. Surface water quality will be monitored as per fresh water classification of CPCB Noise Level Monitoring: The measurements for monitoring noise levels would be carried out at sensitive receptors and construction sites along the project roads. The Ambient Noise Standards formulated by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in 1989 or the standards by State Pollution Control Board if such standards are stringent than those of the CPCB are to be complied.. Sound pressure levels would be monitored on twenty-four hour basis. Noise should be recorded at “A” weighted frequency using a “slow time response mode” of the measuring instrument. Success of Re-vegetation: compensatory plantation will be taken up in lieu of tree cutting@1:2 basis. These compensatory plantations will have to be monitored by the implementing agency with the help of the Forest Department. Such monitoring will be conducted through random samples. Such sampling should cover at least 5% of the area planted up. 75% survival rate shall be ensured.

10.4. Generic Guidelines for Implementing EMP

A set of generic guidelines have been formulated to avoid potential impacts due to construction and its allied activities. Quarry and Borrow area Management has been excluded since no new borrow areas or quarries are likely to be opened and quarrying is

not involved. Quarry materials will be obtained from licensed quarries. Earth material obtained from excavation will be used for road construction. The management and monitoring mechanism required to ensure that the project implementation is carried out in accordance with the due regards to environment. These includes major environmental issues and associated impacts, suggested mitigation measures, implementation and supervising responsibilities, a monitoring plan and institutional assessment and training requirements for successful implementation of the mitigation measures

Table 10-1 Environmental Impact and Mitigation Matrix for Project Road (Note: A Generic Impact and Mitigation Matrix Applicable to all Road Projects is Provided for Various Stages of Project. Site Specific Impacts and Mitigation Measures at Construction Stage are Addressed Separately for Proposed Road Section i.e., Neleballi to Pallamala Road section)

Project Responsibility during Responsibility Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Stage/Activity Implementation during Monitoring 1. General Matrix applicable to all road sections 1.1 Preliminary Planning and Design Stage 1.1.1 Widening Location on agricultural Widening on other side of Entire APRDC/ Supervision APRDC/APIIC options of project road land, dense forests, wildlife agricultural land, dense project Consultant habitat, unstable sites and forests, wildlife habitat and length religious/cultural sites. unstable sites. Widening Change in widening option should avoid religious/cultural determined during the sites. detailed design stage Additional environment studies changing the scope or for new alignments (if scale of environmental required). impacts predicted in the IEE. 1.1.2 Location of Location in appropriate Construction camps should be Project APRDC/ APRDC/APIIC construction camps locations such as close to located at least 500m away constructio Supervision Consultant and Contractor the local communities, from community areas and n sites facilities community drinking water away from water resources, source etc. and at least 1 km away from reserve / protected forest stretches. Village Forest Management Committees should be consulted before locating

Project Responsibility during Responsibility Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Stage/Activity Implementation during Monitoring temporary project facilities.

1.1.3 Location of Location in un approved Only government approved Environme APRDC/ Supervision APRDC/APIIC quarry sites areas, forest areas etc. quarry sites should be planned ntally and Consultant /Department of for project use. technically Geology & Mines Quarries should not be located suitable in the locations of reserve / sites near protected forest stretches. the project road 1.1.4 Location of Location in unstable areas Location in environmentally Environme APRDC/ Supervision APRDC/APIIC borrow pits or close to village sound areas and away from ntally and Consultant villages technically Borrow areas should not be suitable located in the locations of sites and reserve / protected forest near the stretches. project road 1.1.5 Obtainment of Delays in processing Processing of NOC/permits on APRDC/ Supervision ADB appropriate permits causing further a timely basis. Consultant NOC/permits delay in initiation of project construction

1.1.6 Preparation of Exclusion of environmental Incorporation of all mitigation APRDC/ ADB project detailed design management and measures into the project Design Consultant and contract bidding mitigation measures hence detailed design and contract documents lack of EFRC during bidding documents construction

Project Responsibility during Responsibility Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Stage/Activity Implementation during Monitoring 1.7 Removal of Loss of livelihood and Compensation against loss of locations APRDC/ Supervision ADB encroachment structures. structures and should be where Consultant /structures along the rehabilitated as per the resettleme road. provisions of resettlement nt required plan. 1.2 Construction Stage 1.2.1 Removal of Change in micro level Removal of only necessary Area of the Contractor/ APRDC/APIIC vegetation and felling habitat/environment. Soil vegetation. Re-vegetation ROW Forest Department of about 109 trees erosion. Scarring of immediately after earth mainly landscape. removal activities. forests Compensatory afforestation in area the available land @ 1:2 ratio in consultation with State Forest Department 1.2.2 Quarrying Landslides Use of environmental friendly Quarry Contractor APRDC/APIIC (rockslides/falls), scarring techniques of quarrying. sites of landscape 1.2.3 Crushing of Dust pollution for Water sprinkling of stone Stone Contractor APRDC/APIIC stone and transport of construction labourers and crushing site. Proper coverage crushing /Mining department stone and materials. local vegetation. Air of vehicle transporting stone sites and pollution from machinery and material. Regular road and vehicle exhaust. Noise maintenance of machinery constructio pollution and disturbance to and vehicles. Conduction of n nearby wildlife. stone crushing and transportation activities only during the day. Stone crushers should be located away from settlements

Project Responsibility during Responsibility Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Stage/Activity Implementation during Monitoring and forest stretches.

1.2.4 Stablishment of Improper waste disposal. Provision of cooking gas. Constructio Contractor/ APRDC APRDC/APIIC construction camps. Loss of aesthetic beauty. Provision of proper waste n camp Health issues. disposal facilities as well as sites health facilities. 1.2.5 Operation of Spillage/leakage of Proper storage and handling Constructio Contractor APRDC/APIIC machinery and chemicals and oil and of chemicals and oil. Provision n site equipment and contamination of soil and of adequate facilities such as general activities of water resources. Injury to construction hats, facemasks, labourers labourers. Respiratory earplugs, gloves etc. Provision problems from dust and of well-equipped First Aid Kit machinery emissions. and health facilities. Hearing problem due to Preparation of traffic control high level of noise. Traffic plans, proper maintenance of delays and congestion. road surface to allow smooth flow of traffic. 1.2.6 Water supply for Disruption of water supply Independent arrangements be Constructio Contractor APRDC/APIIC construction activities of local communities made for requirements for n camps and labour camps construction work in such a and work way that water availability and place supply to nearby communities remains unaffected 1.2.7 Unexpected Destruction of constructed Undertake appropriate Constructio Contractor/ APRDC APRDC/APIIC environmental road and road furniture, remedial actions in n camps problems/calamities injuries, loss of lives and coordination with relevant and sites (egg. flash floods) property. government and local during construction agencies.

Project Responsibility during Responsibility Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Stage/Activity Implementation during Monitoring activities

1.2.8 Implementation Inadequacy of Strictly following and Constructio Contractor APRDC, ADB of EMP during environmental implement the EMP measures n camps construction. management measures or mentioned in the contract and sites deviation from the EMP documents and maintaining measures mentioned in the proper documentation of contract documents. measures taken. 1.2.9 Earth removal Scarring of landscape due Disposal of debris at proper Borrow Contractor APRDC/APIIC from borrow areas to improper disposal of disposal site. area, water debris. Proper re-vegetation of borrow bodies. Soil erosion. areas. Disruption of local Provision of appropriate drainage. drainage structures/facilities. Siltation in nearby water bodies and hence negative effects on aquatic ecology. 1.2.10 Removal of Change in micro level Removal of only necessary Entire Contractor/ Forest APRDC/APIIC vegetation and habitat/environment. Soil vegetation. Re-vegetation of project Department uprooting of trees erosion. Scarring of the space available within length with (about 109) landscape. RoW immediately after earth vegetation. removal activities. Removal of trees should be compensated with planting new trees @ 1:2 ratios on available space along the road.

Project Responsibility during Responsibility Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Stage/Activity Implementation during Monitoring 1.2.11 Construction of Construction during dry Bridge/ Contractor/ APRDC APRDC/APIIC culverts and bridges Disruption of local stream season. Provision of culvert course and aquatic appropriate drainage facilities location i.e. hydrology. and stream diversion structures. 1.2.12 Relocation of Disturbance to religious Religious structures should be Locations Contractor/ APRDC/ APRDC/APIIC cultural properties sentiments of the local left undisturbed, shifting (if of temples/ Local community leaders communities require) shall be done in full shrines at cooperation with local people. km 1.2.13 Construction at Increased noise level Construction of suitable noise Locations Contractor/ APRDC APRDC/APIIC sensitive locations during construction and barriers at these locations of schools, operation religious properties etc., 1.2.14 Health and Safety Impact om health and safety of Development of a transportation At Contractor APRDC Issues workers and community management plan for road repairs Construction that includes measures to ensure site work zone safety for construction workers and the traveling public; Reduction of maximum vehicle speeds in work zones; Training of workers in safety issues related to their activities Use of millers and pavers with At Contractor APRDC exhaust ventilation systems and Construction proper maintenance of such site systems to maintain worker exposure to crystalline silica

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Project Responsibility during Responsibility Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Stage/Activity Implementation during Monitoring (millers and grinders) and asphalt fumes (pavers) below applicable occupational exposure levels; Use of the correct asphalt product At Contractor APRDC for each specific application, and Construction ensuring application at the correct site temperature to reduce the fuming of bitumen during normal handling Maintenance of work vehicles and At Contractor APRDC machinery to minimize air Construction emissions site 1.3 Operation Stage

1.3.1 Movement of Air pollution from Pollution under Control Along the Contractor/ APRDC APRDC/APIIC vehicles emissions. Noise and certificate for all vehicles and road Local Traffic Police vibrations causing periodical noise monitoring of disturbance to residents equipment’s. and domestic animal Periodic cleaning of drains. Contamination of soil and water resources due to poor drainage.

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10.5. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN The site specific management plan has been given in table 10.1A Table 10.1A – Site Specific Environmental Management Plan

Impacts (List Mitigation Measures Param Location Responsib Monitorin Responsible Frequency of from IEE) (List from IEE) eters le for g Method for monitoring Monit mitigation Monitoring ored

Pre-Construction Stage

Tree cutting • Restricting tree No of Cutting of Forest Documen APRD / PMU Once before start cutting within trees of trees Dept. / t Check / PMSC of construction construction limit during APRDC site • Avoiding tree clearance cutting at ancillary sites • Providing and maintaining compensatory plantation of two times of cutting • All trees to be cleared will numbered clearly marked with paint

Removal of • Necessary planning Docu Work site Concerne Documen APRD / PMU Once before start utilities and coordination with ments clearance d ts Check / PMSC of construction concerned authority and availa utility local body bility agencies • Prior notice to and / APRDC consultation with concerned authority, local body and public to be affected so as to

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Impacts (List Mitigation Measures Param Location Responsib Monitorin Responsible Frequency of from IEE) (List from IEE) eters le for g Method for monitoring Monit mitigation Monitoring ored

ensure that work does not get affected and impact on public is minimum • All above ground utilities that will be shifted will clearly marked with paint to guide workers

Contractor The Contractor will All At the Contracto Documen APRD / PMU Once before start Preparatory complete the following docu office of r ts check / PMSC of construction Works (Upon activities no later than ment the issuance of 30 days upon issuance relate contractor Notice to of Notice to Proceed d to Proceed) mitiga 1.) Submit appointment tion letter and resume of meas the Contractor’s ures Environmental Officer (EO) to SC/APRDC 2.) EO will engage CSC-Environment Specialist and to a meeting to discuss in detail the EMP, seek clarification and recommend corresponding revisions if necessary 3.) EO will request CSC-ES copy of monthly monitoring formats and establish deadlines for

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Impacts (List Mitigation Measures Param Location Responsib Monitorin Responsible Frequency of from IEE) (List from IEE) eters le for g Method for monitoring Monit mitigation Monitoring ored

submission. 4.) EO will submit for CSC-ES approval an action plan to secure all permits and approvals needed to be secured during construction stage which include but not limited to: i) operation of crushers and hot mix plants, ii) transport and storage of hazardous materials (e.g. fuel, lubricants, explosives), iii) waste disposal sites, iv) temporary storage location, iv) water use, and v) emission compliance of all vehicles. Arrangements to link with government health programs on hygiene, sanitation, and prevention of communicable diseases will also be included in the action

Religious • Suitable No of Work site Contracto Documen APRD / PMU Once before start places mitigation measures religio r ts check / PMSC of construction are incorporated in us resettlement plan. struct ure

Construction Stage

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Impacts (List Mitigation Measures Param Location Responsib Monitorin Responsible Frequency of from IEE) (List from IEE) eters le for g Method for monitoring Monit mitigation Monitoring ored

Air Pollution Maintenance of Air Constructi Contracto Laborato Contractor/ Regular monitoring equipment and regular Qualit on plants, r ry check APRD / PMU by Contract checking up of pollution y equipmen of air / PMSC emission from vehicles Param t and pollution Monthly monitoring and equipment eters vehicles by APRDC like Quarterly PM10, monitoring by SO2, PMU/PMSC NOx

Air Pollution • Maintaining diversion Air Contracto Laborato Contractor/ Regular monitoring and detour for road Qualit r ry check APRD / PMU by Contract Temporar traffic in good shape y of air / PMSC y Monthly monitoring and traffic regulated. Param pollution eters diversion by APRDC • Regular sprinkling like Quarterly of water, as necessary. PM10, monitoring by SO2, PMU/PMSC NOx

Air Pollution • Maintaining Air Contracto Laborato Contractor/ Regular monitoring adequate moisture Qualit r ry check APRD / PMU by Contract

at surface of any y of air / PMSC Monthly monitoring earthwork layer Param pollution Dust by APRDC completed or non- eters during completed unless and like earth Quarterly until base course is PM10, works or monitoring by applied, to avoid dust SO2, from spoil PMU/PMSC emission. NOx dumps • Stockpiling spoil at designated areas and at least 5 m away from traffic lane.

Air Pollution Air Borrow Contracto Laborato Contractor/ Regular monitoring Qualit pits r ry check APRD / PMU by Contract Refer Appendix 4 y of air

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Impacts (List Mitigation Measures Param Location Responsib Monitorin Responsible Frequency of from IEE) (List from IEE) eters le for g Method for monitoring Monit mitigation Monitoring ored

Param pollution / PMSC Monthly monitoring eters by APRDC like PM10, Quarterly SO2, monitoring by NOx PMU/PMSC

Air Pollution Air Storage of Contracto Laborato Contractor/ Regular monitoring Qualit constructi r ry check APRD / PMU by Contract • Sprinkling of water as y on of air / PMSC necessary. Param materials pollution Monthly monitoring eters by APRDC like Quarterly PM10, monitoring by SO2, PMU/PMSC NOx

Water • Constructing and Physic Constructi Contracto Laborato Contractor/ Regular monitoring Pollution maintaining diversion al, on of r ry check APRD / PMU by Contract channel, sedimentation chemi of air / PMSC Bridges or Monthly monitoring basin, dykes, etc. as cal pollution Culverts by APRDC may be required to and temporarily channelise biolog - Quarterly water flow of streams / ical Earthwork monitoring by river param and PMU/PMSC eters marginal • Storage of spillage of construction material constructi and excavated soil on above high flood level materials causing temporar y turbidity and suspende d solids

Water • Strictly avoiding Physic Constructi Contracto Laborato Contractor/ Regular monitoring

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Impacts (List Mitigation Measures Param Location Responsib Monitorin Responsible Frequency of from IEE) (List from IEE) eters le for g Method for monitoring Monit mitigation Monitoring ored

Pollution cleaning / washing of al, on r ry check APRD / PMU by Contract construction vehicle in chemi vehicles of air / PMSC any water body cal pollution Monthly monitoring and by APRDC biolog Quarterly ical monitoring by param PMU/PMSC eters

Water • Proper planning of Physic Soil Contracto Laborato Contractor/ Regular monitoring Pollution site clearing and al, erosion r ry check APRD / PMU by Contract grubbing so as not to chemi from of air / PMSC Monthly monitoring keep the cleared site cal constructi pollution by APRDC before working for long and on site duration. biolog Quarterly ical monitoring by • Providing temporary param PMU/PMSC side drains, catch eters water bank or drains, sedimentation basin, as necessary to avoid or minimize erosion and prevent sedimentation to receiving water bodies

Water The construction debris Physic Seepage Contracto Laborato Contractor/ Regular monitoring Pollution having heavy metal or al, from r ry check APRD / PMU by Contract water soluble material chemi Constructi of air / PMSC will be kept in covered cal on Debris pollution Monthly monitoring location and by APRDC biolog Quarterly The runoff from the ical other debris material monitoring by param PMU/PMSC will be guided to the eters settling tank where particulate matter will be settled and fresh water will be discharged

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Impacts (List Mitigation Measures Param Location Responsib Monitorin Responsible Frequency of from IEE) (List from IEE) eters le for g Method for monitoring Monit mitigation Monitoring ored

in to the stream

Water The sewage from the Physic Constructi Contracto Laborato Contractor/ Regular monitoring Pollution construction camp will al, on camp r ry check APRD / PMU by Contract be treated in septic tank chemi of air / PMSC cal and pollution Monthly monitoring and workers’ by APRDC camp biolog Quarterly ical monitoring by param PMU/PMSC eters

Ground Water • All wastewater will Physic Contracto Laborato Contractor/ Regular monitoring be diverted to a ditch al and r ry check APRD / PMU by Contract that will be managed Chemi Wastewat of air / PMSC through a for the period of cal er logging pollution laboratory construction and after Param construction such eters Monthly monitoring ditches will be filled and by APRDC restored to original Quarterly condition. monitoring by PMU/PMSC

Ground Water Physic Borrow Contracto Laborato Contractor/ Regular monitoring al and pit r ry check APRD / PMU by Contract • Excavation of borrow Chemi excavatio of air / PMSC through a pit should not touch the cal n pollution laboratory aquifer Param eters Monthly monitoring by APRDC Quarterly monitoring by PMU/PMSC

Ground Water • Providing septic tanks Physic Contracto Laborato Contractor/ Regular monitoring for treating sewage al and r ry check APRD / PMU by Contract

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Impacts (List Mitigation Measures Param Location Responsib Monitorin Responsible Frequency of from IEE) (List from IEE) eters le for g Method for monitoring Monit mitigation Monitoring ored

from toilets before Chemi of air / PMSC through a discharging through cal pollution laboratory soak pits Param Monthly monitoring eters Human Locating soak pits by APRDC • wastes at least 50m from any and Quarterly ground water sources wastewat monitoring by • Decanting and or er at PMU/PMSC controlled disposal of oil constructi and grease as collected on camp at collection tanks of maintenance yard and chemical storage areas Refer Appendix 14

Noise • Site Controls: Day Vehicles Contracto Laborato Contractor/ Regular monitoring Pollution and Stationary equipment time and r ry check APRD / PMU by Contract Vibration will be placed along and Constructi of air / PMSC through a uninhabited stretches as night on pollution laboratory per distance time machiner Monthly monitoring requirements computed equiv y by APRDC above as far as alent practicable to minimize decib Quarterly objectionable noise el monitoring by impacts. level PMU/PMSC • Scheduling of And Project Activities: docu Operations will be menta ry scheduled to coincide check with period when people would least likely to be affected. Construction activities will be avoided between 9 P.M. and 6 A.M. near

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Impacts (List Mitigation Measures Param Location Responsib Monitorin Responsible Frequency of from IEE) (List from IEE) eters le for g Method for monitoring Monit mitigation Monitoring ored

residential areas. • Protection devices (ear plugs or ear muffs) will be generating machines. • Construction equipment and machinery should be fitted with silencers and maintained properly. • Source-control through proper maintenance of all equipment. • Use of properly designed engine enclosures and intake silencer

• Noise measurements should be carried out along the road to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation measures. • Vehicles and equipment used should confirm to the prescribed noise pollution norms. • Blasting operations will be carried as per Appendix 16.

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Impacts (List Mitigation Measures Param Location Responsib Monitorin Responsible Frequency of from IEE) (List from IEE) eters le for g Method for monitoring Monit mitigation Monitoring ored

• Movements of heavy construction vehicles and equipment near public properties will be restricted. • Comply with siting criteria for stone crushers, Hot Mix Plant/s (HMP) and concrete batching plant/s (CBP), and installations and maintenance of pollution control devices as mentioned in Appendix 13

Spillage from • Providing impervious Physic Constructi Contracto Laborato Contractor/ Regular monitoring plant and platform and oil and al and on Camp r ry check APRD / PMU by Contract equipment at grease trap for chemi of air / PMSC through a construction collection of spillage cal pollution laboratory camp from construction param Monthly monitoring equipment vehicle eters by APRDC maintenance platform of water Quarterly • Collection oil and monitoring by lubes drips in container PMU/PMSC during repairing construction equipment vehicles • Providing impervious platform and collection tank for spillage of liquid fuel and lubes at

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Impacts (List Mitigation Measures Param Location Responsib Monitorin Responsible Frequency of from IEE) (List from IEE) eters le for g Method for monitoring Monit mitigation Monitoring ored

storage area, • Providing bulk bituminous storage tank instead of drums for storage of bitumen and bitumen emulsion • Providing impervious base at bitumen and emulsion storage area and regular clearing of any bitumen spillage for controlled disposal • Disposing non-usable bitumen spills in a deep trench providing clay lining at the bottom and filled with soil at the top

• Collecting kitchen Quant Constructi Contracto Laborato Contractor/ Regular monitoring waste at separate bins ity of on Camp r ry check APRD / PMU by Contract Domestic and disposing of in a pit solid of air / PMSC through a solid waste at designated area/s waste pollution laboratory and liquid and waste • Collecting plastics in physic Monthly monitoring generated at separate bins and al and by APRDC camp disposing in deep chemi Quarterly trench at designated cal monitoring by area/s covering with soil param PMU/PMSC eters • Collecting cottons, of clothes etc. at separate water bins and burning in a pit

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Impacts (List Mitigation Measures Param Location Responsib Monitorin Responsible Frequency of from IEE) (List from IEE) eters le for g Method for monitoring Monit mitigation Monitoring ored

(with sand bed)

• Controlled operation Physic Borrow Contracto Physical Contractor/ Regular monitoring and redevelopment of al sites r verificati APRD / PMU by Contract Borrow pits borrow pits to avoid status on / PMSC through a water logging and land of laboratory contamination borro w Monthly monitoring area by APRDC Quarterly monitoring by PMU/PMSC

Loss of • The topsoil from all Quant Work site Contracto Physical Contractor/ Regular monitoring topsoil areas of cutting and all ity of r Verificati APRD / PMU by Contract areas to be soil on / PMSC through a permanently covered laboratory shall be stripped to a specified depth of Monthly monitoring by APRDC 150 mm and stored in stockpiles. At least 10% Quarterly of the temporarily monitoring by acquired area shall be PMU/PMSC earmarked for storing topsoil. • The stockpile shall be designed such that the slope does not exceed 1:2 (vertical to horizontal), and the height of the pile be restricted to 2m. To retain soil and to allow percolation of water, the edges of the pile shall be protected by

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Impacts (List Mitigation Measures Param Location Responsib Monitorin Responsible Frequency of from IEE) (List from IEE) eters le for g Method for monitoring Monit mitigation Monitoring ored

silt fencing. • Stockpiles will not be surcharged or otherwise loaded and multiple handling will be kept to a minimum to ensure that no compaction will occur. The stockpiles shall be covered with gunny bags or tarpaulin. • It shall be ensured by the contractor that the topsoil will not be unnecessarily trafficked either before stripping. Such stockpiled topsoil will be returned to cover the disturbed area and cut slopes. Residual topsoil will be distributed on adjoining/proximate barren/rocky areas as identified by the SC in a layer of thickness of 75mm – 150mm. Top soil shall also be utilized for redevelopment of borrow areas, landscaping along slopes, medians and incidental spaces.

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Impacts (List Mitigation Measures Param Location Responsib Monitorin Responsible Frequency of from IEE) (List from IEE) eters le for g Method for monitoring Monit mitigation Monitoring ored

• Construction vehicle, machinery and equipment shall move or be stationed in the designated area (RoW or CoI, as applicable) only. While operating on temporarily acquired land for traffic detours, storage, material handling or any other construction related or incidental activities, topsoil from agricultural land will be preserved as mentioned above.

Ecology Restricting tree cutting No of Work site Contracto Physical Contractor/ Regular monitoring within corridor of impact trees r Verificati APRD / PMU by Contract and on / PMSC through a Minimizing tree cutting permi laboratory and vegetation ssion clearance during site grant Monthly monitoring selection ed for by APRDC • Preservation of trees cuttin Quarterly g within ancillary sites and monitoring by avoiding impact on PMU/PMSC forest resources by providing buffer area from boundary of PF, RF, national park and wildlife sanctuary of 1km for locating construction plants, construction camp and 500 m for borrow areas

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Impacts (List Mitigation Measures Param Location Responsib Monitorin Responsible Frequency of from IEE) (List from IEE) eters le for g Method for monitoring Monit mitigation Monitoring ored

• Preservation of trees of ecological, socio- cultural importance • Providing cooking at camp for discouraging and prohibiting use of fire-wood i.e. cutting of trees by the workers.

Occupational • Water supply, PPE Constructi Contracto Physical Contractor/ Regular monitoring health and sanitation, drainage and and on site r Verificati APRD / PMU by Contract medical health facilities all on / PMSC through a safety of at campsite items laboratory workers menti • Providing and using oned Monthly monitoring PPEs in by APRDC mitiga Quarterly Using working reverse • tion monitoring by horn for all construction meas PMU/PMSC equipment and vehicles ures • Providing earth link circuit breaker (ELCB) for all electrical connections • Maintaining first aid at construction sites • Maintaining emergency response system

Accident and • Providing and Numb Constructi Contracto Physical Contractor/ Regular monitoring Safety maintaining traffic er on site r Verificati APRD / PMU by Contract management accide on or / PMSC through a comprising diversion; nts accident laboratory warning, guiding and

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Impacts (List Mitigation Measures Param Location Responsib Monitorin Responsible Frequency of from IEE) (List from IEE) eters le for g Method for monitoring Monit mitigation Monitoring ored

regulatory signage; record Monthly monitoring channelisers and by APRDC delineators; lighting, flagmen; dust control Quarterly system etc. as specified monitoring by in the contract. PMU/PMSC • Providing adequate light at construction zone if working during night time is permitted by the Engineer • Conducting induction and periodic training for all workers and supervisors

Operation Stage

• Periodicals monitoring Ambie Proposed APRDC Laborato APRDC/PMU Once in year of air pollutants and if nt ai road ry and PMSC Air Pollution values exceed the qualit location testing standard limits, suitable y mitigation measures to param be taken. eters like PM10, NOx, SO2 etc

• Periodical monitoring Day Proposed APRDC Laborato APRDC/PMU Once in year of noise level will be and road ry and PMSC

carried out. If values night location testing Noise exceed the standard noise limits, suitable

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Impacts (List Mitigation Measures Param Location Responsib Monitorin Responsible Frequency of from IEE) (List from IEE) eters le for g Method for monitoring Monit mitigation Monitoring ored

Pollution measures will be taken. level • Providing and maintaining signage on noise regulation at silence zones

Maintenance of standard Numb Proposed APRDC Laborato APRDC/PMU Once in year Highway Safety Signage er of road ry and PMSC Road Safety and Traffic accide location testing nts Management. and near miss

Numb Proposed APRDC Laborato APRDC/PMU Once in year er of road ry and PMSC Tree Roadside tree plantation tree location testing plantation two times of cutting.

Contaminatio Soil Proposed APRDC Laborato APRDC/PMU Once in year n of Soil and qualit road ry and PMSC Water • Contingency plans to y location testing Resources be in place for cleaning from Spills up of spills of oil, fuel due to traffic and toxic chemicals. & • Spill of oil, fuel and Accidents automobile servicing units without adequate preventive systems in place to be discouraged.

• The drains will be draina Proposed APRDC Laborato APRDC/PMU Once in year periodically cleared to ge road ry and PMSC Maintenance maintain storm water struct location testing of drainage flow. ure system • Road drains will be

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Impacts (List Mitigation Measures Param Location Responsib Monitorin Responsible Frequency of from IEE) (List from IEE) eters le for g Method for monitoring Monit mitigation Monitoring ored

cleared of debris before onset of every monsoon.

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10.6. Environmental Monitoring Plan

Table 10-2 Environmental Monitoring Plan

Environmental Aspect to be Monitored Time and Frequency of Monitoring Location Responsible party Features A. Physical Environment

Air and Noise Level of PM10, PM2.5 and SO2 and Before commencement of any construction Neleballi, APRDC/APIIC NOx activities. Routhusuramala, Pallamala Once in every section while construction is on-going. Noise levels on dB (A) scale Once after completion of construction activities. Water Bodies Concentration of sediments and Before starting of construction activities. All the major surface APRDC/APIIC presence of construction debris. water bodies are dried During construction activities in the vicinity of each up, Ground water water body. sample is taken. Once after completion of construction activities. pH, BOD, COD, DO, TDS, NO3 Same as above. and Coliform Length of line drainage structures During construction activities in the vicinity of each Full length of project APRDC/APIIC constructed and strengthened. water body. road Length of damaged or missing line Before starting of construction activities. Full length of project APRDC/APIIC drains. road Once after completion of construction activities. Total number, type and lengths of Before starting of construction activities. Full length of project APRDC/APIIC cross drainage structures including road Once a year during construction activities bridges constructed or strengthened Once after completion of all construction activities. Number of weak cross drainage Before starting of construction activities. Full length of project APRDC/APIIC

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Environmental Aspect to be Monitored Time and Frequency of Monitoring Location Responsible party Features structures. Once after completion of construction activities. road Geology - Once a year after completion of construction Entire project length. APRDC/APIIC, Do activities. M&G B. Ecological Resources Flora Total number of trees Planted Before starting of construction activities. Entire project section APRDC/APIIC, Forest Department Once after completion of construction. Before starting of construction activities. Full length of project APRDC/APIIC, road Forest Department Average tree density During construction (once a year per section) Total number of trees Planted Once after completion of construction activities and thereafter once every year for 5 to 10 years depending on budget availability. Before starting of construction activities. C. Social Environment Health Number of accidents amongst During construction activities. All construction sites APRDC/APIIC, construction workers. along project road Contractor, local health officials, Number of accidents due to Before starting construction activities. All villages along APRDC/APIIC, moving traffic amongst local project road Contractor, local Once a year during construction activities. community members health officials, Once every year after completion of construction activities. Full length of project APRDC/APIIC, Travel time Time taken to travel within each Before starting construction activities. road Contractor

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Environmental Aspect to be Monitored Time and Frequency of Monitoring Location Responsible party Features road section After construction activities

Number and extent of travel delays During construction activities (throughout the year). Full length of project APRDC/APIIC, road Contractor Occupational Health and Safety Physical Development of a transportation Regular during the Construction Stage At the Construction Contractor Hazards management plan for road repairs site that includes measures to ensure work zone safety for construction workers and the traveling public; Reduction of maximum vehicle speeds in work zones; Training of workers in safety issues related to their activities Chemical Full length of project road Regular during the Construction Stage At the Construction Contractor hazards site Use of the correct asphalt product Regular during the Construction Stage At the Construction Contractor for each specific application, and site ensuring application at the correct temperature to reduce the fuming of bitumen during normal handling Maintenance of work vehicles and Regular during the Construction Stage At the Construction Contractor machinery to minimize air site emissions

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10.7. Environment Management Budget

Most of the measures have been addressed as part of good engineering practices, the costs for which have been accounted for in the engineering/cost. All costs towards preconstruction clearances/permission will be borne by executing agency. These costs are indicative. The environmental budget for the various environmental management measures proposed under the project is presented in table. Table 10-3 Estimated Environment Management Cost

To be included in S.No Activity Amount in Rs Remarks Budget under

1 Tree Cutting and Compensatory Afforestation activities

No. Trees to be planted 218 No of Trees affecting APRDC-under Nos (1:2 basis) @2000/tree a) 2,18,000 (109 Nos) VCIC project including maintenance for 5 Years by Contractor.

2 Studies and Monitoring activities

Monitoring (Air, BOQ of Civil Works a) 19,55,000 Water, Noise, Soil) Cost

APRDC/APIIC b) Training 6,00,000 under VCIC Project

Total 27,73,000

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For monitoring activities:

Item Estimated Amount Description of Items Unit Rate in (INR) No. Quantity (INR)

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A Mitigation Measures

1 Oil, Grease & Sludge Separator No. 1.00 50,000.00 50,000.00

2 Silt Fencing Rm 1.00 1,000.00 1,000.00

3 Relocation of drinking water sources No. 1.00 50,000.00 50,000.00

4 Relocation of Hand pumps No. 1.00 20,000.00 20,000.00 5 Desilting / Deeping of Ponds No. 1.00 2,00,000.00 2,00,000.00 6 Digging of Wells No. - 3,00,000.00 -

B Monitoring of Environmental Attributes during Construction Phase

No. of Monitoring of Air Quality near Hot mix plants 4.00 8,000.00 32,000.00 Samples No. of Monitoring of Air Quality at Critical Locations 16.00 8,000.00 1,28,000.00 Samples No. of Monitoring of Noise Level at Equipment Yards 16.00 3,000.00 48,000.00 Samples No. of Monitoring of Noise Level at Critical Locations 16.00 3,000.00 48,000.00 Samples No. of Monitoring of Water Quality 8.00 6,000.00 48,000.00 Samples No. of Monitoring of Soil Quality 4.00 6,000.00 24,000.00 Samples No. of Additional Soil Monitoring during Spills 1.00 6,000.00 6,000.00 Samples No of Training Environmental awareness 3 100,000 300,000 – sessions

C Enhancement Measures

a) Landscaping at Junction location Sqm 2,000.00 500.00 10,00,000.00

b Surface Water Bodies Nr. 1.00 3,00,000.00 3,00,000.00

TOTAL 22,55,000

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11. MONITORING AND REPORTING

11.1. Monitoring and Reporting

DOI will monitor and measure the progress of EMP implementation. The monitoring activities will correspond with the project’s risks and impacts. In addition to recording information on the work and deviation of work components from original scope, PMU, APRDC, and PMSC will undertake site inspections and document review to verify compliance with the EMP and progress toward the final outcome. APRDC / PMSC will submit monthly monitoring and implementation reports to PMU, who will take follow-up actions, if necessary. DOI will submit semi-annual monitoring reports to ADB. The suggested monitoring report format, a construction site checklist is attached in appendices, which is to be filled by the PMSC/APRDC supervising staff, and attached to monthly reports. Subproject budgets will reflect the costs of monitoring and reporting requirements. For projects likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts during operation, reporting will continue at the minimum on an annual basis. Monitoring reports will be posted in a location accessible to the public. Compliance with loan covenants will be screened by the Department of Industries, Government of Andhra Pradesh. ADB will review project performance against the DOI, GoAP, commitments as agreed in the legal documents. The extent of ADB's monitoring and supervision activities will be commensurate with the project’s risks and impacts. Monitoring and supervising of social and environmental safeguards will be integrated into the project performance management system.

11.2. Implementation Schedule

S.No Description Indicative Time Frame

1 Project implementation a Detailed Design and Bidding Documents Month of September 2018 b Procurement December 2018 c Construction March 2019 d Defects Liability Period One year after completion 2 Environmental management Design Review and Technical Audit Consultant of a Starting (4 years of intermittent inputs) Environmental Specialist

b Project management office’s (PMU) submission of In the month of July and January every Environmental monitoring report (EMR) year Monthly EMR for Project's Monthly Progress c 8th day after effective month Report Semi-Annual EMR during construction for d 8th day after effective 6-months submission to ADB

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S.No Description Indicative Time Frame Semi-Annual EMR for submission to ADB during e O&M until ADB issues a Project Completion 8th day after effective year Report Finalization of environmental management plan g (EMP), (if applicable) revision of initial After disclosure of the draft IEE environmental examination (IEE) h ADB review and approval of revised IEE and EMP. After disclosure of the draft IEE i Obtaining Government’s approval of IEE Report After disclosure of the draft IEE Community preparation (including disclosure of j After disclosure of draft IEE Final IEE and its EMP) Establishment of baseline data (as set out in the (shall have been done before award of k EMP) contract) Preparation of site-specific environmental l management plan (SEMP) by selected Contractor, before start of works on site review of SEMP Against Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS)- or establishment of construction- m compliant EMP. related facilities. 3 Construction a Mobilization to Demobilization Implementation of mitigation measures and b conduct of environmental effects monitoring After award of the contract following the SEMP. c Submission of EMR Every month 5th day of the month following the d Monthly, by Contractor effective month Quarterly, by Contractor or by Licensed 3rd day of the month following the e Laboratory effective quarter Operation (potentially could start even before 4 DLP is over) Implementation of mitigation measures and a Starting Q/Q Y monitoring activities as Specified in the EMP b Submission of EMR Starting Q/Q Y 5thday of the month following the c Monthly, by Operator effective month Quarterly, by Operator or (if applicable) by 3rd day of the month following the d Licensed Laboratory effective quarter

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12. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

CONCLUSIONS

On the basis of

(i) Information available,

(ii) Field visits over the entire length of the project road,

(iii) Discussions with the Project authorities;

RECOMMENDATIONS Contracts for construction and the Bills of Quantities should incorporate the requirements for all the earlier-referred to environmentally-recommended working practices and for the consultant’s suggested measures designed to mitigate long-term post construction adverse impacts. The following are deemed to be the most important initial recommendations designed to make the project environmentally sound and sustainable.

• The Contractors should comply with all environmental mitigation measures specified in this IEE report.

• First priority should be to reuse excess material/debris generated during construction works.

• Discarded materials that cannot be used in construction and fill should, if suitable, be used for bio-engineering measures.

• All other excess material should be disposed of in locations or landfills that will not promote instability and result in destruction of property, vegetation, irrigation and drinking water supply systems.

• Extreme care should be taken to avoid disposal near water-bodies or in areas that will inconvenience or deprive local residents of their livelihood.

• The Contractors should consult with the Engineer-in-Charge before locating project offices, sheds and construction plants.

• Camps should not be located near settlements (or) irrigation ponds, nor to negatively impact local residents’ access to drinking water.

• Camps should be operated within a self-sufficient infrastructure and no trees should be cut for wood fuel.

• The implementation unit should ensure that the contractors identify environmentally safe locations for setting construction camps and other plants, machinery, vehicles and equipment, as well as locations for storage and disposal of wastes, both from the construction camps and from the sites.

• Environmental and Social Management Cell of implementation unit should have capacity to address environmental and social measures related to implementation of proposed project.

• The implementation unit should ensure that the regulatory permissions required for the construction equipment, vehicles and machinery have been obtained by the Contractors and are valid at all times during the execution of the project. 127

• The implementation unit should ensure that pollution control equipment is installed on all equipment and functions properly by the Contractor. • During haul operations, measures should be enforced to ensure environmental protection, namely regular sprinkling of water to suppress dust, use of spillage proof vehicles for hauling and regular maintenance of vehicles etc. • Contractor should be required to maintain construction sites, keep them clean and provide appropriate facilities for the storage of all waste until it is disposed. • Work forces should be provided with adequate water supply, septic tanks with soak pits, health care facilities and LPG to reduce their dependence on wood fuels. • The Contractors should ensure that the safety of workers and other site users is not compromised during construction. • Quarry area should be restricted along the road and close to the RoW. • Where possible, quarry area should be located away from population centres, streams, drinking water intake, cultivable lands and natural drainage systems. • No bituminous material should be discharged into side drains. • Nearby trees, vegetation and private property should be protected during bitumen emulsion spraying work. • Bitumen drums should be stored in designated locations and not scattered along the road. • Borrow areas should not be established in ecologically sensitive areas. • Borrow areas should be located away from the road and settlements facing the road - so as to minimise visual impacts. • Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials should be covered to reduce spills. • Particular care/attention should be given to adequate drainage. • For the construction zones within 500 metres of settlements, noisy operations should be stopped between 22:00 to 06:00 hrs. • Care should be taken to avoid sacred and religious sites. Loss of trees should compensated by planting trees on available space in consultation with forest department. For all works, the APRDC/APIIC will, however, have to obtain clearances (if any) from the Environmental Department and Pollution Control Board

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APPENDIX-1: RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (REA) CHECKLIST

Instructions: (i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES), for endorsement by Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer. (ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists. (iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures. Project Title : Connectivity to Routhusuramala Industrial Cluster Country: INDIA Sector: Road Sub-Sector: Division: APIIC Department: APRDC

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

A. Project Siting Is the project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas?

Cultural heritage site √ No Protected Area √ No Wetland √ Mangrove √ None of them is in the vicinity or within 10 km radius of the Estuarine √ subproject. Buffer zone of protected area √ Special area for protecting biodiversity √ B. Potential Environmental Impacts √ Opening of new quarries is not proposed. Quarry m a t e r i a l • encroachment on historical/cultural areas; w i l l be sourced from existing disfiguration of landscape by road √ quarries. Mitigation measures for embankments, cuts, fills, and quarries? quarry management are outlined in the IEE in case need for a new quarry arises in future.

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Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

No national parks, wildlife sanctuaries or similar eco- sensitive areas along the subproject road. encroachment on precious ecology (e.g. √ As per the forest department, no sensitive or protected areas)? loss of any rare/threatened/endangered Species of flora is envisaged. There are a few drains (locally known nallas) being crossed by alteration of surface water hydrology of the subproject road. waterways crossed by roads, resulting in √ However most of them are seasonal increased sediment in streams affected by and the activities are not of large increased soil erosion at construction site? scale and confined to available ROW. Not anticipated. Workers camp will be small as most of the workers deterioration of surface water quality due to employed will be local. Contractor silt runoff and sanitary wastes from worker- will be required to manage √ based camps and chemicals used in excavated soils and provide construction? adequate sanitary facilities for the workers. The EMP ensures measures are included to mitigate the impacts. Anticipated during construction increased local air pollution due to rock period. However, site-specific, low crushing, cutting and filling works, and √ in magnitude and short in duration. chemicals from asphalt processing? The EMP ensures measures are included to mitigate the impacts.

Not anticipated. Workers may get exposed to dust and noise during construction activities. However the risks and vulnerabilities related to exposure levels are likely to be occupational health and safety due to short and insignificant. Workers will physical, chemical, biological, and radiological √ be provided requisite PPEs to hazards during project construction and minimize such exposure and operation during project construction and associated harmful occupational operation? health effects. Traffic Safety measures will be adopted during operation phase.

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Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

Not anticipated. Blasting will not be required as the Project is widening of existing road. Ambient noise level is expected to increase in the range of 80-90 db(a) due to various construction activities, maintenance workshops, and earthmoving equipment. Although this level of noise exceeds national standards, their occurrence noise and vibration due to blasting and other √ will be intermittent and co-terminus civil works? with the project construction. All stationary noise making sources equipment like dg set, compressors will be installed with acoustic enclosures. Timings of noise construction activities will be regulated near sensitive receptors. Noise barriers have been proposed at sensitive locations very close to the alignment.

Exact number of affected persons dislocation or involuntary resettlement of √ are mentioned in the subproject people? Resettlement Plan (RP)

Minimal. Details will be dislocation and compulsory resettlement of √ a v a i l a b l e in t h e Subproject people living in right-of-way? RP. disproportionate impacts on the poor, Details available in the women and children, Indigenous Peoples or √ Subproject RP. other vulnerable groups?

Not anticipated. Deterioration in ambient air quality will be other social concerns relating to Localized and temporarily during inconveniences in living conditions in the construction activity. The project √ project areas that may trigger cases of upper area is largely located in open respiratory problems and stress? areas. Plantation along the highway and improved road conditions will improve the air quality of the area.

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Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

Anticipated. Suitable traffic management plan will be Designed and hazardous driving conditions where implemented by the construction interferes with pre-existing roads? √ contractor to prevent any hazardous driving condition in above situations.

Not anticipated. No such condition is anticipated as mostly local workforce will be employed and construction camps will be smaller, if any. poor sanitation and solid waste disposal Proper provisions for sanitation, in construction camps and work sites, health care and solid waste and possible transmission of communicable √ disposal facilities will be available in diseases (such as STI's and HIV/AIDS) from the contract documents to avoid workers to local populations? such possibility. Workers will be made aware about communicable diseases. The EMP ensures measures are included to mitigate the impacts. accident risks associated with increased Adequate safety measures will be vehicular traffic, leading to accidental spills √ adopted to avoid such conditions. of toxic materials? Increase in noise and air pollution is Expected during construction phase. Adequate mitigation measures will be adopted to minimize them. During operation phase, the main source of noise and air will be traffic. Improved road conditions, increased noise and air pollution resulting from √ extensive plantation will help reduce traffic volume? the noise and air impact. Moreover, the alignment mostly passes through open land which will provide adequate dispersion of gaseous emission. if measures suggested for noise sensitive receptors prove inadequate, solid noise barrier will be placed. Not anticipated. This is increased risk of water pollution from oil, expected from accidental grease and fuel spills, and other materials √ spillage. The EMP ensures from vehicles using the road? measures are included to mitigate the impacts.

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Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

Not anticipated. Most of the workers social conflicts if workers from other √ will be from local areas and hence regions or countries are hired? such conflict is not anticipated. large population influx during project Not anticipated. Most of the workers construction and operation that causes will be from local areas and large increased burden on social infrastructure and √ population influx during construction services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)? and operation is not anticipated. risks to community health and safety due to Not applicable. Construction will not the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal √ involve use of explosives and of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals chemicals during construction and operation?

community safety risks due to both accidental and natural causes, especially where Work areas will be clearly the structural elements or components of the demarcated with signage and safety project are accessible to members of the barriers and access will be affected community or where their failure could √ controlled. Only workers and project result in injury to the community throughout concerned members will be allowed project construction, operation and to visit the operational sites. decommissioning.

Based on the above assessment the project is categorized as ‘B’ as per SPS, 2009. Project will require Environmental Clearance from the SEAC under the preview of EIA Notification 2006 and its subsequent amendments.

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A Checklist for Preliminary Climate Risk Screening Project Title : Connectivity to Routhusuramala Industrial Cluster Country: INDIA Sector: Road Sub-Sector: Division: APIIC Department: APRDC 1 Screening Questions Score Remarks Location and Is siting and/or routing of the project (or its components) Design of likely to be affected by climate conditions including project extreme weather related events such as floods, droughts, 0 storms, landslides? Would the project design (e.g. the clearance for bridges) need to consider any hydro- meteorological parameters (e.g., sea-level, peak river flow, reliable water level, peak 0 wind speed etc)? Materials and Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions Maintenance (e.g. prevailing humidity level, temperature contrast between hot summer days and cold winter days, exposure 1 to wind and humidity hydro-meteorological parameters likely affect the selection of project inputs over the life of project outputs (e.g. construction material)? Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions, and related extreme events likely affect the 1 maintenance (scheduling and cost) of project output(s)? Performance of Would weather/climate conditions, and related extreme project events likely affect the performance outputs (e.g. annual power production) of project output(s) 1 (e.g. hydro-power generation facilities) throughout their design life time?

Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below: S.No Response Score 1 Not Likely 0 2 Likely 1 3 Very Likely 2 Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any single response, the project will be assigned a medium risk category.

Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High): Medium

Other Comments:

PREPARED BY:

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APPENDIX-2: TREES DATA ALONG THE SUB PROJECT ROAD

Trees in PROW

Tree LHS RHS Total Tree palm 15 6 21 Neem 2 1 3 Tree Other 32 51 83 Tree Coconut 2 0 2 Total 51 58 109

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APPENDIX-3: LAND USE PATTERN (Chainage wise Description)

Chainage Existing Land use Remarks From To 0 1 Agricultural land both sides

1 2 Agricultural land both sides

2 3 Agricultural land both sides Quarry area

3 4 Agricultural land both sides Settlements (LHS)

4 5 Agricultural land both sides

5 6 Agricultural land both sides

6 7 Agricultural land bothsides

7 8 Agricultural land both sides

8 9+207 Agricultural land both sides

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APPENDIX-4: DETAILS OF EXISTING BORROW AREAS

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APPENDIX-5: ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY ALONG SUB PROJECT LENGTH ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY Practical View of the Community about Environmental Scenario

Km: From - Nelaballi To - Pallamala Team No-

Q.1 What do you think about the quality of water from ponds, wells, rivers or canal in your area? Good Satisfactory/Polluted - Satisfactory Q.2 if the quality of water is polluted /poor then in your opinion what are its reasons? Ingress of industrial effluent in the source Sewage leakage/discharge in the source Animal water holes - Yes Rain water storage -Yes Others, please specify Q.3 Is the noise level in your area disturbing / irritating? Yes/No - No Q.4 If the Noise level is disturbing / irritating then in your opinion, it is due to Vicinity of industry Vehicular Traffic Construction work - Yes Work shop / scooter repair shop - Aviation zone Others, please specify Q.5 How, in your opinion, the noise level can be brought to satisfactory level in your area? Using the Machinery equipment, w hich causes less noise as well as the Good condition certificate from the authorities concerned. Is the quality of air, which you breathe, is healthy and clean? Yes/No Yes

If not, then what are the reasons? Due to vehicular pollution Due to Industrial pollution Due to poor sanitation Not Applicable Due to tanneries in the vicinity Due to domestic smoke Others, please specify Are there any places of Archaeological / historical importance in your vicinity? If yes, please give details. : Furnished in the Report

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Is there any previous history of natural disaster viz. Floods, Drought, earthquake etc. in your area? If so, give details with year of occurrence and damage. Flood Yes / No Drought Yes / No Earthquake Yes / No Location: Year: Are any rare species of Birds, Animals etc. visiting your area during winter? If so, please give details and locations Name of the Species: Location: Do you have any market place etc. in your areas and it is likely to be affected by proposed expansion of road? If yes, then which site do you suggest for relocation of the markets. Not much Do you have any suggestion to improve the Environment w.r.t. Air, Water and Noise in your area? Yes Follow & implement the pre-cautions mentioned in the report during the work execution

Particular Name Sign/Date

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APPENDIX-6: PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND PROJECT PHOTOS

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1. Signature Sheet of Public consultations

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PHOTOS

End point meeting on Starting point (busstop) Tada-Srikalahasti Road

Quarry Area Tar plant near project road

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A Bridge Project road

Quarry Plantation along the road

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APPENDIX-7: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The Complete Environmental Management Plan is separately provided at Chapter No. 10

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

APPENDIX-8: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

SEMI-ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT

I. INTRODUCTION Overall project description and objectives Environmental category as per ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 Environmental category of each subproject as per national laws and regulations Project Safeguards Team

Name Designation/Office Email Contact Address Number 1. PMU

2. PIUs

3. Consultants

Overall project and sub-project progress and status Description of subprojects (package-wise) and status of implementation (preliminary, detailed design, on-going construction, completed, and/or O&M stage)

 

Package Components/List Status of Implementation Contract If On-going Construction Number of Works Status (Preliminary Design/Detailed %Physical Expected (specify Design/On-going Progress Completion if under Construction/Completed/O&M)a Date bidding or contract awarded)

a If on-going construction, include %physical progress and expected date of completion.



II. COMPLIANCE STATUS WITH NATIONAL/STATE/LOCAL STATUTORY ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTSa Package Subproject Statutory Status of Validity Action Specific No. Name Environmental Compliancec if Required Conditions that Requirementsb obtained will require environmental monitoring as per Environment Clearance, Consent/Permit to Establishd

a All statutory clearance/s, no-objection certificates, permit/s, etc. should be obtained prior to award of contract/s. Attach as appendix all clearance obtained during the reporting period. If already reported, specify in the “remarks” column. b Specify (environmental clearance? Permit/consent to establish? Forest clearance? Etc.) c Specify if obtained, submitted and awaiting approval, application not yet submitted. d Example: Environmental Clearance requires ambient air quality monitoring, Forest Clearance/Tree- cutting Permit requires 2 trees for every tree, etc.

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III. COMPLIANCE STATUS WITH ENVIRONMENTAL LOAN COVENANTS No. (List Covenant Status of Action schedule and Compliance Required paragraph number of Loan Agreement)

IV. COMPLIANCE STATUS WITH THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (REFER TO EMP TABLES IN APPROVED IEE/S)

Confirm if IEE/s require contractors to submit site-specific EMP/construction EMPs. If not, describe the methodology of monitoring each package under implementation.

Package-wise Implementation Status Package Components Design Status Final IEE based on Detailed Design Site-specific Remarks Number EMP (or (Preliminary Not yet Submitted Disclosed Final IEE Construction Design due to ADB on provided to EMP) Stage/Detailed (detailed (Provide project Contractor/s approved by Design design not Date of website (Yes/No) Project Completed) yet Submission) (Provide Director? completed) Link) (Yes/No)

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Identify the role/s of Safeguards Team including schedule of on-site verification of reports submitted by consultants and contractors. For each package, provide name/s and contact details of contractor/s’ nodal person/s for environmental safeguards. Include as appendix all supporting documents including signed monthly environmental site inspection reports prepared by consultants and/or contractors. With reference to approved EMP/site-specific EMP/construction EMP, complete the table below Provide the monitoring results as per the parameters outlined in the approved EMP (or site-specific EMP/construction EMP when applicable). In addition to the table on EMP implementation, the main text of the report should discuss in details the following items:

Grievance Redress Mechanism. Provide information on establishment of grievance redress mechanism and capacity of grievance redress committee to address project-related issues/complaints. Include as appendix Notification of the GRM (town-wise if applicable). Complaints Received during the Reporting Period. Provide information on number, nature, and resolution of complaints received during reporting period. Attach records as per GRM in the approved IEE. Identify safeguards team member/s involved in the GRM process. Attach minutes of meetings (ensure English translation is provided).

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Confirm if any dust was noted to escape the site boundaries and identify dust suppression techniques followed for site/s. Identify muddy water was escaping site boundaries or muddy tracks were seen on adjacent roads. Identify type of erosion and sediment control measures installed on site/s, condition of erosion and sediment control measures including if these were intact following heavy rain; Identify designated areas for concrete works, chemical storage, construction materials, and refueling. Attach photographs of each area. Confirm spill kits on site and site procedure for handling emergencies. Identify any chemical stored on site and provide information on storage condition. Attach photograph. Describe management of stockpiles (construction materials, excavated soils, spoils, etc.). Provide photographs. Describe management of solid and liquid wastes on-site (quantity generated, transport, storage and disposal). Provide photographs. Provide information on barricades, signages, and on-site boards. Provide photographs. Provide information on Checking if there are any activities being under taken out of working hours and how that is being managed.

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Summary of Environmental Monitoring Activities (for the Reporting Period)a Impacts Mitigation Parameters Method of Location Date of Name of (List Measures Monitored (As Monitoring of Monitoring Person from (List from a minimum Monitoring Conducted Who IEE) IEE) those identified Conducted in the IEE the should be Monitoring monitored) Design Phase

Pre-Construction Phase

Construction Phase

Operational Phase

a Attach Laboratory Results and Sampling Map/Locations.

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Overall Compliance with CEMP/EMP No. Sub- EMP/ CEMP CEMP/ EMP Status of Action Project Part of Being Implementation Proposed and Name Contract Implemented (Excellent/ Additional Documents (Y/N) Satisfactory/ Partially Measures (Y/N) Satisfactory/ Below Required Satisfactory)

V. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF THE PROJECT

Brief description on the approach and methodology used for environmental monitoring of each subproject

VI. MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ON PROJECT SURROUNDINGS (ambient air, water quality and noise levels)

Brief discussion on the basis for monitoring Indicate type and location of environmental parameters to be monitored Indicate the method of monitoring and equipment to be used Provide monitoring results and an analysis of results in relation to baseline data and statutory requirements

As a minimum the results should be presented as per the tables below.

Air Quality Results Parameters (Government Standards) Site No. Date of Testing Site Location PM10 SO2 NO2 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3

Parameters (Monitoring Results) Site No. Date of Testing Site Location PM10 SO2 NO2 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3

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Water Quality Results Parameters (Government Standards) Site Date of Site No. Sampling Location pH Conductivity BOD TSS TN TP µS/cm mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

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Parameters (Monitoring Results) Site Date of Site No. Sampling Location pH Conductivity BOD TSS TN TP µS/cm mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

Noise Quality Results

LAeq (dBA) (Government Date of Site Site No. Standard) Testing Location Day Time Night Time

LAeq (dBA) (Monitoring Date of Site Site No. Results) Testing Location Day Time Night Time

VII. SUMMARY OF KEY ISSUES AND REMEDIAL ACTIONS

Summary of follow up time-bound actions to be taken within a set timeframe.

APPENDIXES • Photos • Summary of consultations • Copies of environmental clearances and permits • Sample of environmental site inspection report • Other

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APPENDIX-9: NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

Time Residential, Sensitive Pollutant weighted Industrial area rural & other Method of measurement area average areas

Sulphur Annual* 15 µg/m³ 80 µg/m³ 60 µg/m³ Improved West and Gaeke Dioxide Method Ultraviolet (SO2) 24 hours** 30 µg/m³ 120 µg/m³ 80 µg/m³ Fluorescence Jacab & Hochheiser Oxides of Annual* 15 µg/m³ 80 µg/m³ 60 µg/m³ Modified Nitrogen as NOx 24 hours** 30 µg/m³ 120 µg/m³ 80 µg/m³ (Na-Arsenite) method Gas phase Chemiluminescence

Suspended High Volume Sampler Particulate Annual* 70 µg/m³ 360 µg/m³ 140 µg/m³ (Average flow rate not less Matter 24 hours** 100 µg/m³ 500 µg/m³ 200 µg/m³ (SPM) than 1.1 m³/minute) Restorable Particulate Respirable Particulate Annual* 50 µg/m³ 120 µg/m³ 60 µg/m³ Matter Matter Sampler (RPM) size 24 hours** 75 µg/m³ 150 µg/m³ 100 µg/m³ less than 10 µm 1.0µg/m³ Annual* 0.5 µg/m³ 0.75 µg/m³ AAS Method after sampling Lead (Pb) 1.5 µg/m³ using EPM 2000 or 24 hours** 0.75 µg/m³ 1.0 µg/m³ equivalent filter paper Non - dispersive infrared Carbon 8 hours** 1.0 mg/m³ 5.0 mg/m³ 2.0 mg/m³ Monoxide Spectroscopy 1 hour 2.0 mg/m³ 10 mg/m³ 4.0 mg/m³ (CO)

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APPENDIX-10: NATIONAL DRINKING WATER STANDARDS

Permissible Limit in Absence Sl. No. Parameter and Unit Desirable Limit of Alternate Source

1 Colour (Hazen units) 5 25

2 Odour Unobjectionable - 3 Taste Agreeable - 4 Turbidity (NTU) 5 10 5 pH 5-8.5 No relaxation

6 Total Coliforms (MPN/100 mL) nil -

7 Pathogenic Organisms or Virus nil -

8 TDS (mg/L) 500 2000 9 Mineral Oil (mg/L) 0.01 0.03

10 Free Residual Chlorine (mg/L) 0.2 -

11 Cyanide (mg/L as CN) 0.05 No relaxation

12 Phenol (mg/L C6H5OH) 0.001 0.002

13 Total Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) 300 600

14 Total Alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO3) 200 600

15 Chloride (mg/L as Cl) 250 1000

16 Sulphate (mg/L as SO4) 200 400

17 Nitrate (mg/L as NO3) 45 100

18 Fluoride (mg/L as F) 1 1.5

19 Calcium (mg/L as Ca) 75 200

20 Magnesium (mg/L as Mg) 30 100

21 Copper (mg/L as Cu) 0.05 1.5

22 Iron (mg/L as Fe) 0.3 1

23 Manganese (mg/L as Mn) 0.1 0.3

24 Zinc (mg/L as Zn) 5 15 25 Boron (mg/L as B) 1 5

26 Aluminium (mg/L as AL) 0.03 0.2

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Permissible Limit in Absence Sl. No. Parameter and Unit Desirable Limit of Alternate Source

27 Arsenic (mg/L as As) 0.05 No relaxation

28 Mercury (mg/L as Hg) 0.001 No relaxation

29 Lead (mg/L as Pb) 0.05 No relaxation

30 Cadmium (mg/L as Cd) 0.01 No relaxation

31 Chromium (VI) (mg/L as Cr) 0.05 No relaxation

32 Selenium (mg/L as Se) 0.01 No relaxation

33 Anionic Detergents (mg/L MBAS) 0.2 1

34 PAH (mg/L) nil - 35 Pesticides (µg/L) Absent 0.001

36 Alpha Emitters (10-6µc/mL) nil 0.0001

37 Beta Emitters (10-6µc/mL) nil 0.001

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APPENDIX-11: CRITERIA FOR WATER CLASSIFICATION BY CPCB

Class of Designated Best Use Criteria Water

Total Coliforms MPN/100ml shall be 5000 or less Drinking water source pH between 6 to 9 (with conventional A Dissolved Oxygen 4 mg/1 or more treatment) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 5 days 20°C 3 mg/L or less Total Coliforms MPN/100ml shall be 500 or less pH between 6.5 to 8.5 Outdoor bathing B (organised) Dissolved Oxygen 5 mg/1 or more Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 5 days 20°C 3 mg/L or less Total Coliforms MPN/100 ml shall be 50 or less Drinking Water Source pH between 6.5 to 8.5 (without conventional C Dissolved Oxygen 6 mg/l or more treatment) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 5 days 20°C 2 mg/L or less pH between 6.5 to 8.5 for Fisheries Propagation of Wildlife D Dissolved Oxygen 4 mg/L or more Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/L or less pH between 6.0 to 8.5 Irrigation, Industrial Electrical Conductivity at 25°C Max 2250µ mhos/cm Cooling, Controlled E Waste Sodium absorption ratio Max. 26 Boron, Max. 2 mg/L

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APPENDIX-12: NATIONAL AMBIENT NOISE STANDARDS

Limits of Leq in dB(A) Area Code Category of Zones Day time* Night time* A Industrial 75 70 B Commercial 65 55 C Residential 55 45 D Silence Zone ** 50 40

* Day time is from 6 am to 9 pm whereas night time is from 9 pm to 6 am ** Silence zone is defined as area up to 100 meters around premises of hospitals, educational institutions and courts. Use of vehicles horns, loud speakers and bursting of cracking are banned in these zones.

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APPENDIX-13: MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION PLANTS, EQUIPMENT AND VEHICLES

Purpose • To ensure that safeguard measures are taken to avoid / mitigate / minimize environmental impacts Site selection criteria Following criteria are to be met wherever possible for crusher and HMP: • 1.5 km away from settlement, school, hospital on downwind directions • 1.5 km from any archaeological site • 1.5 km from ecologically sensitive areas i.e. forest, national park/sanctuary etc. • 1.5 km from rivers, streams and lakes • 500 m from ponds • 250 m from State and National Highway boundary away from agricultural land • preference to barren land Concrete batching plant should be located at least 200 m from the settlement, preferably on leeward side, whenever possible. The format for submission of details to the Engineer during finalisation of plant site is given as follows (Site identification for Plants). Statutory Requirements • Obtaining Consent-for-Establishment (CFE) under Air and Water Acts from the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) before start of installation • Obtaining Consent-for-Operation (CFO) under Air and Water Acts from the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) before start of commissioning and trial run • Complying with the terms and conditions laid down in the CFE and CFO, which generally include providing metallic road inside plant campus for movement of vehicles, plantation, periodic (monthly) pollution monitoring i.e. ambient air, noise and stack emission • The suspended particulate matter contribution value at a distance of 40 m from a controlled isolated as well as from a unit located in a cluster should be less than 600µg/m3 or as shall be prescribed by SPCB. • Obtain certificates from manufacturer for Type Approval and Conformity of Production for Diesel Generator (DG) set/s. • For DG sets of capacity up to 1000 kVA, the noise level at 1 m from the enclosure surface shall not exceed 75 dB (A). Pollution control measures • Dust control measures in stone crusher plant i.e. water sprinkling at primary crusher and secondary crusher, conveyor & return belts, covered conveyor system, chute at outfall of aggregates, cyclone separator, wind braking wall etc.,

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• For HMP, ensure adequate stack height as stipulated in CFE, install emission control devices such as bag house filters, cyclone separators, water scrubbers etc., as attached with the plant by the manufacturer or stipulated in CFE. • Prefer bulk bitumen storage with mechanized handling facilities that storage in drums with manual operation at HMP to prevent / minimize bitumen spillage and thereby contaminating soil and ground water. • Impervious platform for storage of bituminous and other liquid hazardous chemical • Bag house filter / multi-cone cyclone for emission control. For bag house, cartridge filters reported to be more efficient than fabric filters • Pollution control measures for Diesel Generator (DG) set i.e. stack height, acoustic enclosure etc. • Greenbelt along the periphery of plant site.

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SITE IDENTIFICATION FOR PLANTS Construction Stage Report: One Time: Date: Installed Capacity: Location of Plant (Ch. & offset):

Sl. No. Item / Requirement Details as per Actual

1 Predominant wind direction

2 Size and area of the proposed plant site (m xm & Sq.m)

Present land use (barren or fallow land having no 3 prominent vegetation should be preferred)

No dwelling units within 1.5km from the plant boundary 4 in downwind direction

Distance of nearest boundary of State Highways and National 5 Highways (should be at least 250 m from the plant boundary) Sensitive areas such as religious places, 6 schools/educational institutions, reserved / protected forest, sanctuary etc. within 1.5 km (should be nil) River/Stream/Lake within 1.5 km and ponds within 500 7 m

No other trees of girth>0.3m present and will be affected 8 (no tree should be affected)

9 Width of Haul road (m)

10 Total Length of Haul Road (km)

Length of non-metal Haul Road (km) (should be as 11 minimum as possible) Documents to be attached: Site plan showing wind direction, haul road and other environmental features. Certified that the furnished information is correct and all relevant information as required is attached. Contractor:

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APPENDIX-14: CAMP SITE MANAGEMENT

A. Purpose Campsite of a contractor represents the single potentially most polluting location during implementation of any road project. Air pollution may be caused by emissions from Crushers, Hot-Mix, and Concrete Batching Plants. Water pollution may be caused by discharge of sediment, oil & grease, and organics laden run-off from these plants and their ancillary facilities as well as workshops, residential quarters for the labor. Land may be polluted due to indiscriminate disposal of domestic waste or (accidental) release of hazardous solids from storage areas. While the installation and operation of Crushers and Hot-Mix Plants are regulated by the respective Pollution Control Boards, the other sources described above usually do not appear to be causes of significant concern. Items to be considered for labor camps are mentioned briefly in Clause 105.2 (as part of 105: Scope of Work) of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) publication: Specifications for Road and Bridge Works. Some specific requirements for labor accommodation and facilities are to be met by the Contractor in line with Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996. Currently, there is no one-point guidance regarding the environmental management aspects of the Contractor’s campsite. This guideline on Campsites is designed to fill this gap. B. Scope This guideline covers the Contractors’ camp sites – whether used by in-house crew or by any sub- contractors’ crew. It covers siting, operation, maintenance, repair and dismantling procedures for facilities for labor employed on project (and ancillary) activities as well as equipment and vehicles. It does not include siting, operation, maintenance, repair and dismantling of major plants – Hot-mix Plant, Concrete Batching Plant, Crusher or Wet Mix Macadam Plant.

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C. Siting, Establishing, Operation and Closure of Construction Camp Potential Environmental Impacts Construction camps require large areas for siting facilities like major plants, storage areas for material, residential accommodation for construction labor and supervisors, and offices. Removal of topsoil and vegetation from the land to be utilized for camps is the first direct impact of any such establishment. In addition, local drainage may be impaired if proper drainage is not effected by grading. Other impacts may include damage to ecologically important flora and fauna, if campsites are located close to such areas. Water pollution because of discharge of sediment, fuel and chemicals is also a possibility. Pollution of land due to indiscriminate disposal of construction wastes including scarified pavement, concrete and even substantial quantities of domestic wastes from residential areas can also be potentially disastrous, especially if the site is reverted to its original use after the project (mostly agriculture). D. Mitigation Measures Siting of Construction Camps The following guidelines will assist the Contractor to avoid any environmental issues while siting construction camps: i Maintain a distance of at least 1.5 km from boundaries of designated Reserved Forests, Sanctuary or National Park area for locating any temporary or permanent camps. ii Maintain 1.5 km from river, stream and lake and 500m from ponds iii Maintain 250 m from the boundary of state and national highways iv Locate facilities in areas not affected by flooding and clear of any natural or storm water courses. v Locate campsites in the (most prevalent) downwind direction of nearest village(s). The boundary of the campsite should be at least 1.5 km from the nearest habitation so that the incoming labor does not stress the existing local civic facilities. vi The ground should have gentle slope to allow free drainage of the site. vii Recorded consultations should be held with residents of the nearest settlement and/or their representatives to understand and incorporate where possible, what they would like to see within their locality. Establishment, Operation, and Closure of Camps i The facilities within the camp site should be laid out so that the separation distances suggested in other guidelines are maintained. A notional lay-out of the facilities except the major plants is included in this guideline. ii Topsoil from the area of the plant shall be stored separately for the duration of the operation of the camp and protected from being washed away, unless agreed otherwise in writing with the owner. If stored, it will be returned on to its original location at the time of closure of the site.

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iii The Contractor shall prepare, make widely available (especially to staff responsible for water and material management), and implement a Storm water Management Plan (SWMP) for (all) the site(s) following approval of the same by the Engineer. . iv The Contractor shall prepare an Emergency and Spill Response Plan as per the requirements of Appendix 1 to Clause 501 of Specifications for Road and Bridge Works to cover the spillage of bitumen and/or chemicals like retarders, curing compounds, etc. v The Contractor shall prepare a Waste Management Plan describing the types and quantities that are likely to be generated from within the camp site, with the period and duration during the construction schedule; methods to be adopted to minimize these; methods of removal, treatment and (on-site or off-site) disposal for each type; as well as location of final disposal site, if any. vi The Contractor shall provide safe ingress and egress for vehicles from the site and public roads and shall not impact existing through traffic. vii Water tankers with sprayers must be available at the camp site at all times to prevent dust generation. viii In case of stockpiles of stored material rising higher than wind-breaking perimeter fencing provided, sprinklers shall be available to prevent dusting from the piles during windy days. ix On completion of works, the Contractor shall restore the site to the condition it was in before the establishment of the campsite, unless agreed otherwise in writing with the owner(s) of the site(s). If such a written agreement has been made, the Contractor shall hand over the site to the owner(s) in accordance with such an agreement. Equipment and Vehicle-related issues Potential Environmental Impacts The maintenance and repair of equipment and vehicles in Contractor’s camp are activities that can have significant adverse impacts if not carried out properly. The concern mainly arises from discharge of wash water contaminated with oil and grease, whether from washing of vehicles or degreasing of equipment and vehicle parts. Vehicle washing, especially dirt from tires, also gives rise to sediment-laden run-off. No such discharges should be directly allowed into surface water bodies since they can be harmful to aquatic species. Mitigation Measures a. Vehicles i All vehicles used by the Contractor must have copies of currently valid Pollution Under Control Certificates displayed as per the requirement of the Motor Vehicles Department for the duration of the Contract. ii All vehicles and equipment will be fitted with silencers and/or mufflers which will be serviced regularly to maintain them in good working condition and conforming to the standard of 75dB (A) at 1m from surface of enclosure. b. Workshop and Maintenance areas i These areas must have impervious flooring to prevent seepage of any leaked oil & grease into the ground. The area should be covered with a roof to prevent the entry of rainwater.

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ii The flooring shall be sloped to from both directions to one corner where an oiland- grease trap with sufficient capacity should be installed. All discharges from the workshop area must pass through the trap to remove the floating oil and grease before entering the drainage system of the site. The trap should be designed to provide a hydraulic residence time of about 20 minutes for the peak hourly discharge anticipated from the area (as per following figure). iii Alternatively, degreasing can also be carried out using mechanical spray type degreaser, with complete recycle using an enclosure with nozzles and two sieves, coarse above and fine below, may be used as shown in the adjacent photograph. This arrangement will require some initial investment and running cost for the pump, but the payback period, in terms of the use of diesel, under Indian conditions, has been reported to be less than 1 year. Figure 1: Workshop Area Pollution Control

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All the waste oil collected, from skimming of the oil trap as well as from the drip pans, or the mechanical degreaser shall be stored in accordance with the Environment Protection (Storage and Disposal of Hazardous Wastes) Rules, 1989. For this purpose, metallic drums should be used. These should be stored separately in sheds, preferably bunded. The advantage of this arrangement is that it allows for accurate accounting in case the waste material is sold to oil waste recyclers or other users like brick-kiln owners who can burn such inferior fuel. A separate vehicle washing ramp shall be constructed adjacent to the workshop for washing vehicles, including truck mounted concrete mixers, if any, after each day’s construction is over, or as required. This ramp should have an impervious bottom and it should be sloped so that it drains into a separate chamber to remove the sediment from the wash water before discharge. The chamber should allow for a hydraulic residence time of about 10 minutes for discharge associated with the washing of each truck. Following figure shows an outline sketch for a sedimentation chamber. Figure 2: Sedimentation Chamber for vehicle washing ramp discharge

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Facilities for Labour Potential Environmental Impacts The sudden arrival and relatively longer duration of stay of construction crew can cause substantial strain on the existing infrastructure facilities like water supply, sanitation and medical care, especially in rural areas. Pollution from domestic wastes can affect local sources of water supply and may harm the crew themselves as well as local residents. Improper sanitation and inadequate health care also potential bottlenecks that the Contractor can eliminate with relatively little effort. Mitigation Measures It should be emphasized that the Indian Law requires that the Contractor provide several facilities to for the workers as per Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996. Some of the provisions described herein are more stringent to act as benchmark for improved environmental performance of road projects: The contractor shall provide free-of-charge temporary accommodation to all the labour employed for the project. The accommodation includes separate cooking place, bathing, washing and lavatory facilities. At least, one toilet will be provided for every 35 people and one urinal will be provided for every 20 persons. More toilets and/or urinals may have to be provided if the Engineer decides that these numbers are insufficient. In case female labourers are employed, separate toilet and urinals will be provided in locations clearly marked “Ladies Toilets” in a language understood by most labourers. The contractor shall ensure the supply of wholesome water for all the labour, including those employed by any other agency working for the contractor. These locations will be marked “Drinking Water” in the language most commonly understood among the labour. In hot season, the contractor shall make efforts to ensure supply of cool water. No water point shall be located within 15 m of any washing place, urinal, or latrine. The contractor shall ensure that adequate cooking fuel, preferably kerosene or LPG, is available on-site. The contractor will ensure that wood/ coal are not used as fuel on the site. Workers need to be made aware of this restriction. In cases where more than 250 labours are employed, canteen facility should be provided by the Contractor. A crèche must be provided in each campsite where more than 50 female labourers are employed, whether directly or indirectly, for the project or its ancillary activities. Contractor must provide adequate facilities for first-aid treatment at the campsite. A doctor / ambulance should be available on call for the duration of project implementation. The contractor shall obtain the approval of the Engineer for these facilities within 30 days of mobilization.

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TYPICAL DRAWING OF WORKERS’ CAMP SANITARY FACILITY

181

Layout of Construction Camp

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APPENDIX-15: MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE AND DEBRIS DISPOSAL

Purpose • To maximize re-use of material generated during construction and • To avoid environmental hazards due to improper disposal of construction waste material. Procedure The following procedures should be followed for upkeep of storage and disposal sites; i) Contractor shall maintain register for keeping records on kilometer-wise quantities of material generated during grubbing, stripping, excavation and scarifying; ii) Contractor shall re-use construction material to the extent possible based on engineering properties. Possible re-use areas are filling sections, embankment slope, village approach roads etc. Debris without bitumen could be used for backfilling of quarry / borrow areas as recommended by the Engineer. At locations identified for dumping of residual bituminous wastes, the dumping shall be carried out over a 60mm thick layer of rammed clay so as to eliminate the possibility of the leaching of the wastes into the ground water. The contractor shall ensure that the filled area is covered with a layer of preserved topsoil layer of preserved topsoil. iii) Contractor shall estimate the chainage-wise quantities of various waste material to be disposed of; iv) Contractor shall restrict waste disposal strictly at approved site/s only; v) Contractor shall prepare a plan including detailed lay out plan and cross-section for disposal of debris and bitumen waste and get approval of the same by the Engineer; vi Bentonite slurry or similar debris generated from pile driving or other construction activities shall be disposed such that it does not flow into the surface water bodies or form mud puddles in the area; vii Contractor and Engineer shall ensure that disposal areas are properly treated as per agreed plan; viii Contractor and Engineer’s representatives shall undertake joint weekly inspection to ensure compliance of various environmental requirements. Ix Engineer’s representatives shall issue non-compliance if disposal site is not managed as per agreed plan; x All arrangement for transportation during construction including provision, maintenance, dismantling and clearing debris, where necessary will be considered incidental to the work and should be planned and implemented by the contractor as approved and directed by the SC. C Site inspection Weekly joint site inspection shall be undertaken for all the storage areas. The details of attributes, which are to be inspected, are given as follows. The Contractor shall ensure compliance of the requirements. 183

Details to be inspected for Monitoring Construction Material Reuse & Disposal

Attributes Requirements

Segregating debris and bitumen during generation; Segregating re-usable portion of debris and bitumen and Construction material generation storing preferably near areas of re-use; and and re-use Temporary storage of waste material at sites as directed by the Engineer

Disposal of waste material at approved disposal site within a week of generation; Disposal site should be properly demarcated; Proper levelling / grading at disposal site/s; Recommended / agreed safeguard measures to avoid Waste disposal ground water contamination by leachate from disposal of scarified material are to be implemented; Recommended / agreed safeguard measures to avoid soil erosion are to be implemented

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APPENDIX 16: GO ON GRM GOVERNMENT ORDER NO GO.RT.NO. 163 DATED 08-06-2018 FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL MECHANISM

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Appendix: 17 Sensitive ecological map of the project’s corridor of influence

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Appendix 18: Applicable Ambient Air Quality Standards for India Projects Parameter Locationa Applicable Standards Per ADB SPSe (µg/m3)

c PM10 Industrial Residential, Rural and Other 20 (Annual) Areas 50 (24-hr) c Sensitive Area 20 (Annual) c 50 (24-hr) c c PM25 Industrial Residential, Rural and Other 10 (Annual) Areas 25 (24-hr) c Sensitive Area 10 (Annual) c 25 (24-hr) c b SO2 Industrial Residential, Rural and Other 50 (Annual) Areas 20 (24-hr) c 500 (10-min) c Sensitive Area 20 (Annual) b 20 (24-hr) c 500 (10-min) c b NO2 Industrial Residential, Rural and Other 40 (Annual) Areas 80 (24-hr) b 200 (1-hr) c Sensitive Area 30 (Annual) b 80 (24-hr) b 200 (1-hr) c CO Industrial Residential, Rural and Other 2,000 (8-hr) b Areas 4,000 (1-hr) b 100,000 (15-min)d Sensitive Area 2,000 (8-hr) b 4,000 (1-hr) b 100,000 (15-min)d b Ozone (O3) Industrial Residential, Rural and Other 100 (8-hr) Areas 180 (1-hr) b Sensitive Area 100 (8-hr) b 180 (1-hr) b Lead (Pb) Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other 0.5 (Annual) b Areas 1.0 (24-hr) b Sensitive Area 0.5 (Annual) b 1.0 (24-hr) b b Ammonia (NH3) Industrial Residential, Rural and Other 100 (Annual) Areas 400 (24-hr) b Sensitive Area 100 (Annual) b 400 (24-hr) b b Benzene (C6H6) Industrial Residential, Rural and Other 5 (Annual) Areas Sensitive Area 5 (Annual) b Benzo(o)pyrene (BaP) particulate phase Industrial Residential, Rural and Other 0.001 (Annual) b only Areas Sensitive Area 0.001 (Annual) b Arsenic (As) Industrial Residential, Rural and Other 0.006 (Annual) b Areas Sensitive Area 0.006 (Annual) b Nickel (Ni) Industrial Residential, Rural and Other 0.02 (Annual) b Areas Sensitive Area 0.02 (Annual) b a Sensitive area refers to such areas notified by the India Central Government. b Notification by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India Environment (Protection) Seventh Amendment Rules, 2009 c WHO Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Global update 2005. WHO. 2006 d Air Quality Guidelines for Europe Second Edition. WHO 2000. e Per ADB SPS, the government shall achieve whichever of the ambient air quality standards is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures are appropriate in view of specific project circumstances, the executing agency of the government will provide full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives that are consistent with the requirements presented in ADB SPS.

Applicable Ambient Noise Level Standards for India Projects

Receptor/ Source Applicable Standards Per ADB SPSc (dBA) Day time Night time Industrial area 70b 70b Commercial area 65a 55a Residential Area 55a 45a Silent Zone 50a 40a a Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2002 as amended up to 2010. b Guidelines for Community Noise. WHO. 1999 c Per ADB SPS, the government shall achieve whichever of the ambient air quality standards is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures are appropriate in view of specific project circumstances, the executing agency of the government will provide full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives that are consistent with the requirements presented in ADB SPS.

Applicable Drinking Water Quality Standards for India Projects

Group Parameter Unit Max. Concentration Applicable Limitsd Standards Per ADB SPSa, c, d Physical Turbidity NTU 1 (5) 1 (5) pH 6.5 – 8.5 6.5 – 8.5 Color Hazen units 5 (15) 5 (15) Taste and Odor Agreeable Agreeable TDS mg/l 500 (2,000) 500 (2,000) Iron mg/l 0.3 0.3 Manganese mg/l 0.1 (0.3) 0.1 (0.3) Arsenic mg/l 0.01 (0.05) 0.01 Cadmium mg/l 0.003 0.003 Chromium mg/l 0.05 0.05 Cyanide mg/l 0.05 0.05 Fluoride mg/l 1 (1.5) 1 (1.5) Lead mg/l 0.01 0.01 Ammonia mg/l 0.5 0.5 Chemical Chloride mg/l 250 (1,000) 250 (1,000) Sulphate mg/l 200 (400) 200 (400) Nitrate mg/l 45 45 Copper mg/l 0.05 (1.5) 0.05 (1.5) Total Hardness mg/l 200 (600) 200 (600) Calcium mg/l 75 (200) 75 (200) Zinc mg/l 5 (15) 5 (15) Mercury mg/l 0.001 0.001 Aluminum mg/l 0.1 (0.3) 0.1 (0.3) Residual mg/l 0.2 0.2 Chlorine Micro E-coli MPN/100ml Must not be detectable Must not be detectable in any 100 ml Germs Total Coliform MPN/100ml in any 100 ml sample sample a Bureau of India Standard 10200: 2012. b Health-based guideline values. c Per ADB SPS, the government shall achieve whichever of the ambient air quality standards is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures are appropriate in view of specific project circumstances, the executing agency of the government will provide full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives that are consistent with the requirements presented in ADB SPS. d Figures in parenthesis are maximum limits allowed in the absence of alternate source.

APPLICABLE STANDARDS FOR DISCHARGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS (EFFLUENT)

Pollutants Units Applicable Standard per ADB SPS a, b, c

pH pH 6 – 9 b BOD mg/l 20 a COD mg/l 125 b Total nitrogen mg/l 10 b Total phosphorus mg/l 2 b Oil and grease mg/l 10 b Total suspended solids mg/l <50 a Total coliform bacteria MPN b / 100 ml 400a b a Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules, 2017 b Health-based guideline values c Per ADB SPS, the government shall achieve whichever of the ambient air quality standards is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures are appropriate in view of specific project circumstances, the executing agency of the government will provide full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives that are consistent with the requirements presented in ADB SPS.

Appendix 19: SOUTH ASIA REGIONAL DEPARTMENT SAFEGUARDS INFORMATION LOG FOR SAUW PROJECTS Project: IND: Visakhapatnam Chennai Industrial Corridor Development Program (VCICDP) [Naidupeta Economic Zone Subproject – Connectivity to Routhusuramala Cluster (Part of South Block of Proposed Yerpedu – Srikalahasthi Node)

Loan No.: Package No.: VCICDP-APRDC/05 Components: The sub project Neleballi to Pallamala on Tada-Srikalahasti Road section has been proposed to implement and upgrade to two lane road on priority base. The project road passes mainly through two districts from 0+000 Km to 3+200 Km comes under Nellore district and remaining part of the road falls in Chittoor district. The project road passes mainly though plain and rolling terrain. The topography of the region is mixed type with combination of horizontal and vertical curves. The land use is mixed type with sections of agricultural land on plains and small/medium size industries in clusters. There exists a tar plant and stone quarry beside the project road. Roadside plantation is observed at a few places on the project road. The improvement work will be undertaken along the existing alignment and the requirement for additional land is being ascertained to accommodate the proposed improvement work. There are no environmentally critical areas in the project road. Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-1 Description of APRDC-APIIC Roads

As per ToR As Per Design Length (Approx) Proposed Length (in S.No Name of the road project (in Km) Km) External Connectivity to Naidupeta 1 6.9 7.568 industrial Cluster with NH – 16 Connectivity to Routhusuramala Cluster (Part of South Block of 2 10.3 9.207 Proposed Yerpedu – Srikalahasthi Node)

External Connectivity to Nakkapalli 3 Cluster, Visakhapatnam District 16 4.425 (Kagitha to Patimeda)

Total 33.2 21.200

Contract Civil works Type: Date of IEE: January 2019

Draft IEE Updated/Revised IEE Others/Remarks This draft IEE report has been IEE includes a site-specific EMP. prepared based on detailed design and in cooperation with DPR PMU and PIU will update this IEE before consultants. start of construction if there are any changes in detailed design in the subproject as included in the present DPR report and also based on ADB’s review and comments. The updated IEE will be uploaded at ADB’s and Project websites. 1

Activity Status Detailed Comments and Further Actions Required 1. Environmental Yes No This IEE report has been prepared on the assessment has been X basis of detailed design study and DPR, satisfactorily conducted field investigations and surveys, based on ADB REA stakeholder consultations and meetings. Checklist and scoping checklist.1 2. Environmental Yes No The IEE has been prepared based on assessment based on X detailed design. The Draft final IEE will be latest project updated if there are any further changes in components and design the design details before start of construction.

3. Statutory Requirements2 NA Forest Clearance From topographic data, 109 trees (51 on left side and 58 on right side of various species exist within PROW of road. The major species envisaged are coconut, palm, neem, eucalyptus etc. Anticipated Environmental Impacts indicates that there will be an estimated 109 number of trees that will be felled in line with road clearance.

APRDC will secure permission from the state forest department before start of construction. The permission from Forest department will be obtained stretch wise before commencement of the work. The permission details will be included in the SEMR.

X No Objection Certificate To be obtained before start of works

NOC will be obtained before commencement of the work and it will be included in the subsequent SEMR. Site Location Clearance The existing road belongs to employer APRDC, so SLC is not required X Environmental Compliance EC from MoEF not required/applicable to Certificate subproject X Permit to Construct (or Consent for Establishment (CFE) is equivalent) required to be obtained from APPCB for some facilities like Hot mix plant, crushers,

1 ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist for screening and categorization. 2 If applicable, Include date accomplished or obtained. 2

Activity Status Detailed Comments and Further Actions Required quarry or batch mix plant established for a project. In case contractor establishes such plant, CFE and CFO will be obtained after award of work and it will be reported in the subsequent SEMR. X Permit to Operate (or Consent for Establishment (CFE) is not equivalent) required for road construction. Others No new quarry will be opened for this project hence permission is not required. The contractor may buy material from operating quarries. In case quarry is opened, requisite permissions will be obtained after award of work and it will be reported in the subsequent SEMR. 5. Policy, legal, and Adequate Not Adequate administrative framework X Frameworks included: X National regulation/law on Provided in the IEE EIA X Environmental agency Table 2-2 demonstrates statutes, policies, regulations and responsible agencies X Relevant international Provided in the IEE environmental agreements X Environmental standards World Bank Group EHS guidelines has (IFC’s EHS Guidelines) been included in section 2.3 of IEE.

Appendix-9, Appendix-10 and Appendix-12 provides national ambient air quality standards, national drinking water standards and noise level standards respectively. 6. Anticipated Impacts and risks: Mitigation environmental impacts Measures: and mitigation measures Yes No Biodiversity NA There is no sensitive ecosystem, or wildlife conservation sanctuary or national park or hotspot or fragile ecosystem within the area of influence or corridor of impact of the sub project. Map showing ecological area is given in appendix.17 Pollution X Pollution control measures provided in the prevention and IEE (Appendix 13 – Management of abatement construction plants, equipment and vehicles) Health and X Health and safety measures provided in safety the EMP Physical cultural X There are no adverse impacts expected on resources historical places/monuments. However, there are few religious structures/idols which are coming within ROW and adjacent to existing carriageway. Care must be taken to relocate these structures.

. Cumulative NA No cumulative impacts impacts

Activity Status Detailed Comments and Further Actions Required Transboundary NA No transboundary movements anticipated impacts 7. Impacts from Associated Addressed Not None Not applicable Facilities3 Addressed NA 8. Analysis of Alternatives Yes No Provided in the IEE X 9. EMP budget included Yes No Estimated environment management cost X is at INR 27,73,000. Environmental monitoring cost is at INR 19,55,000. 10. EMP implementation Yes No integrated in PAM and X bid documents 11. Consultation and Yes No Details including photographs, attendance Participation X sheets, etc. are provided in the IEE. 12. Grievance Redress Yes No GRM Notification provided Mechanism X Description of GRM Identification of GRC members 13. Disclosure Endorsement to disclose on ADB May be disclosed after final formatting. website Disclosed on project website May be disclosed after final formatting. Relevant information available to May be disclosed after final formatting. stakeholders and affected people in language and form they understand 14. Mobilized PMU Yes No Presently PMU has deputed a Safeguards Environment Specialist X Officer who is coordinating environmental and social safeguards activities.

Environmental specialist of PMSC has been hired by PMU and mobilized. The names and contact details are provided in the SEMR. 15. Mobilized PIU Yes No The PIU environmental specialist has been Environment Specialist X mobilized and it has been reported in the SEMR 16. Mobilized Environment Yes No Presently PMU has deputed a Safeguards Specialist at PMU level X Officer who is coordinating environmental and social safeguards activities.

Environmental specialist of PMSC has been hired by PMU and mobilized. The names and contact details are provided in the SEMR. 17. Mobilized Environment Yes No The PIU environmental specialist has been Specialist at PIU level X mobilized and it has been reported in the SEMR 18. Awareness training on Yes No Environmental training awareness budget compliance to safeguard X has now been provided in part B of requirements

3 ADB SPS (Appendix 1 para 6) defines associated facilities as not funded as part of the project (funding may be provided separately by the borrower/client or by third parties), and whose viability and existence depend exclusively on the project and whose goods or services are essential for successful operation of the project. 4

Activity Status Detailed Comments and Further Actions Required Environmental Monitoring Budget under section 10.6 19. Others/Remarks The IEE may be disclosed at ADB Website and Project websites after final formatting. Prepared by: Anik Ajmera, Environment Safeguards Consultant, SAUW

Noted and Checked By: Zarah C. Pilapil, Associate Safeguards Officer (Environment), SAUW

Documents/References: Updated IEE sent by PD VCICDP