CURRICULUM 10Th Edition
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CURRICULUM 10th edition Prepared by The Freshwater Trust Staff Illustrations by Adriana Martinez 2005 The Freshwater Trust All rights reserved Salmon Watch TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction i Curriculum and Teacher’s Guide iii Oregon Education Act for the 21st Century iv Timeline for a Salmon Watch year v Responsibilities of Salmon Watch participants vi Unit 1. Preparing for Salmon Watch 1.1 Section 1A. Introduction to The Freshwater Trust and Salmon Watch 1.2 Section 1B. Nature Awareness and Observation 1.3 Section 1C. The Watershed Web of the Wild 1.8 Section 1D. Where in the World…Are You? 1.18 Section 1E. Salmon Life Cycle 1.20 Student Handouts 1.21 Student Handout 1A. Celebration of Wild Fish 1.22 Student Handout 1B. The Importance of Wild Salmon 1.23 Student Handout 1C. Oregon Trout/Salmon Watch Mission & Vision 1.26 Student Handout 1D. Student Responsibilities for Salmon Watch 1.27 Student Handout 1E. Nature Awareness and Observation 1.28 Student Handout 1F. Pathways to Nature 1.29 Student Handout 1G. The Sacred Circle 1.33 Student Handout 1H. What is a Watershed? 1.34 Student Handout 1I. Using Maps 1.36 Student Handout 1J. Topographic map example 1.39 Student Handout 1K. Topographic mapping symbols 1.40 Unit 2. Salmon Watch Field Trip Planning and implementation 2.1 Preparing for Your Field Trip 2.2 Field Trip Planning Checklist 2.3 Tips for Field Trips 2.4 Salmon Watch Field Trip Site Preview Sheet 2.5 What to Wear and Take 2.7 Salmon Watch Stream Safety and Etiquette 2.8 Selecting Your Field Trip Activities 2.9 Field Trip Agenda 2.11 School Administration Requirements 2.13 Contacting Field Trip Participants 2.14 Other Field Trip Resources 2.14 After the Trip 2.15 Teacher Evaluation 2.16 Student Evaluation 2.22 Reimbursement Form 2.25 Background Information for Field Trip Activities 2.27 Salmon Biology 2.29 Water Quality 2.30 Aquatic Macroinvertebrates 2.38 Riparian Ecosystems 2.43 Data Forms for Field Trip Activities 2.49 Water Quality Stream Flow Macroinvertebrates Riparian and Aquatic Survey Riparian Area Transect Riparian Area Mapping Riparian Soil Survey Canopy Cover Survey StreamWebs 2.67 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Salmon Watch Unit 3. Native American Indian Storytelling 3.1 Student Handout List 3.7 Student Handout 3A. Native American Beliefs & Symbols 3.8 Student Handout 3B. Native American Indian Storytelling 3.9 Student Handout 3C. Animals & Nature in Native American Indian Stories 3.11 Student Handout 3D. Salmon Boy 3.15 Student Handout 3E. A Salmon Story 3.17 Student Handout 3F. Coyote Stories 3.20 Student Handout 3G. Legend of the Lost Salmon 3.23 Student Handout 3H. The Navajo Deer Hunting Way 3.25 Student Handout 3I. Koyoda & How He Brought Salmon to the Columbia R. 3.27 Student Handout 3J. It is Important 3.32 Unit 4. Salmon 4.1 Section 4A. The Journey of Wild Pacific Salmon 4.2 Section 4B. External Characteristics of Salmonids 4.3 Section 4B. Goin’ Fishin’ – Identifying Salmon Species 4.4 Section 4C. Sniffin’ Salmon: Salmonid Life Cycles 4.7 Section 4D. Salmon Supplemental Information 4.9 Student Handouts/Teacher Pages 4.12 Student Handout 4A. The Journey of Wild Pacific Salmon 4.13 Student Handout 4B. The Life Cycle of Wild Salmon 4.17 Teacher Page 4B. The Life Cycle of Wild Salmon 4.18 Student Handout 4C. Potential Challenges to Salmon 4.19 Teacher Page 4C. Potential Problems and Challenges to Salmon Decline 4.20 Student Handout 4D. My Life Cycle Compared to a Salmon 4.22 Student Handout 4E. External Characteristics of Salmonids 4.23 Teacher Page 4E. External Characteristics of Salmonids 4.24 Student Handout 4F. Goin’ Fishin’… 4.28 Student Handout 4G. Fish and Fish Facts 1-5 4.29 Student Handout 4H. Dichotomous Key for Five Salmon Species 4.34 Student Handout 4I. Sniffin’ Salmon 4.35 Student Handout 4J. Sniffin’ Salmon Diagram 4.37 Salmon Supplemental Information List 4.38 Salmon Handout 4.1 A Changing Columbia Basin, 1770-Present 4.39 Salmon Handout 4.2 Causes of Salmon Mortality 1770 - Present 4.41 Salmon Handout 4.3 Where are the Salmon, When? 4.42 Salmon Handout 4.4 Salmonid Habitat Requirements 4.43 Unit 5. Life in a Watershed 5.1 Section 5A. Watersheds 5.2 Section 5B. Water Quality and Quantity 5.8 Section 5C. Wetlands Site Study 5.10 Section 5D. Physical Structure of Streams 5.15 Section 5E. Salmon as an Indicator of the Health of a Watershed 5.17 Student Handouts 5.21 Student Handout 5A. Watersheds, Stream Scene 5.22 Student Handout 5B. Water Temperature, Stream Scene 5.26 Student Handout 5C. Where Am I Comfortable? 5.28 Student Handout 5D. Fish and Water Temperature 5.29 Student Handout 5E. Effects of Temperature on Goldfish Respiration Rate 5.31 Student Handout 5F. Wading into Wetlands, National Wildlife Federation 5.36 Student Handout 5G. Stream Structure and Fish Habitat 5.39 Student Handout 5H. Home Wet Home, Stream Scene 5.42 Student Handout 5I. Fish Habitat Needs Vocabulary 5.44 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Salmon Watch Unit 6. Humans and their Environment 6.1 The Oregon Forest Practices Act 6.3 The Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds 6.4 Section 6A. John Day Dam Drawdown Role-Play 6.5 Section 6B. Salmon Fisheries Simulation 6.6 Section 6C. Human Population Growth – Flies Lab 6.9 Section 6D. What Are Your Energy Needs? 6.11 Section 6E. Native American Fishing Rights Mock Treaty Negotiation 6.12 Section 6F. Salmon Political Science: Government Management and Regulation 6.14 Section 6G. The Role of Hatcheries 6.21 Student Handouts 6.29 Student Handout 6A. John Day Dam Drawdown 6.30 Student Handout 6B. John Day Dam Options 6.32 Student Handout 6C. Role Play Profiles 6.35 Student Handout 6D. Salmon Fisheries Group Worksheet 6.46 Student Handout 6E. Salmon Fisheries Simulation Directions & Questions 6.47 Student Handout 6F. Pacific Fisheries Status Report 6.49 Student Handout 6G. Salmon Fisheries Graph 6.50 Student Handout 6H. Population Information 6.51 Student Handout 6I. Population Data 6.52 Student Handout 6J. Population Unit Evaluation 6.53 Student Handout 6K. What Are Your Energy Needs? 6.54 Student Handout 6L. Sources of Energy 6.57 Student Handout 6M. Winterkill Excerpt by Craig Lesley 6.60 Student Handout 6N. Role Play Protocols & Negotiating Points – Indian Tribes 6.64 Student Handout 6O. Role Play Protocols & Negotiating Points – United States 6.65 Student Handout 6P. Summary of 1855 Treaties w/ Columbia River Tribes 6.66 Student Handout 6Q. Salmon Political Science Activity 6.67 Student Handout 6R. History of the Hatchery System 6.68 Student Handout 6S. The Trask Hatchery Scenario 6.69 Student Handout 6T. Profiles of Hatchery Roles 6.71 Unit 7. Service Learning Projects 7.1 Sample Timeline for Service Learning Project Planning 7.3 List of Local Partners and Project Opportunities 7.4 List of Grants 7.13 Student Handouts 7.16 Student Handout 7A. What is Service Learning?/Effect Service L. Project 7.17 Student Handout 7B. Service Learning Planning Flow Chart 7.18 Student Handout 7C. List of Service Learning Project Ideas 7.19 Student Handout 7D. Service Learning Project Presentation Ideas & Forums 7.20 Student Handout 7E. Designing a Personal Action Plan 7.21 Student Handout 7F. Student Service Learning Project Action Plan 7.22 Student Handout 7G. Service Learning Project Evaluation 7.24 Appendix – Salmon Watch Alignment of ODE Content Standards A.1 Bibliography Internet Resources B.1 Salmon-related videos B.3 Bibliography – written materials B.6 Maps/Atlases B.8 Glossary G.1 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Salmon Watch ______________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Salmon Watch INTRODUCTION TO SALMON WATCH When we see land as a community to which we belong, we may begin to treat it with love and respect. -Aldo Leopold THE THE FRESHWATER TRUST SALMON WATCH VISION AND MISSION Historically, an estimated 16 million wild salmon returned in a given year to their native streams in the Columbia River basin to spawn. Now, fewer than one million wild salmon will return. Human activity in the Pacific Northwest has resulted in severe loss of natural habitats, including those that support native salmon populations. From its beginnings in 1983, The Freshwater Trust has worked for the restoration of our wild fish heritage. Through innovative programs and projects, the non-profit organization has actively supported: • effective fish resource conservation advocacy at state, regional and federal levels. • coordinated and collaborative regional fishery management. • more funding for watershed restoration and hands-on habitat improvement. • restoration of stream flows that will support healthy wild fish • protection of the last remaining healthy native fish populations. • and advocacy for inclusion of watershed protection within natural resources planning. In 1993, The Freshwater Trust launched the Salmon Watch program with the goal of instilling in the next generation of decision-makers an ethic of stewardship that incorporates the conservation of our wild fish heritage into their view of watershed management. Coupled with classroom instruction and community service projects, Salmon Watch is designed to enable students to understand and relate to the natural world on a personal level by witnessing spawning salmon, one of nature’s great spectacles, and actively assessing the health of local watersheds. The program’s objectives are to foster a deeper appreciation and understanding of the value of native salmon to our natural heritage and to indigenous cultures, and to empower students with the capacity for taking responsible action in their communities. Since 1993, hundreds of classrooms, serving over 60,000 students in Oregon, have experienced Salmon Watch. In 1997 the Salmon Watch program earned the Governor’s Community Partnership Award for its collaborative approach.