Index1
A Antisemitism Abandonment theory, 38 conspiratorial, 108 Achcar, Gilbert, 130n4 and the Family Guy, 77–78 African American people and Holocaust education in support for WWII, 21 Germany, 90 teaching about genocide, and indifference to Nazi genocide, 92–94, 97, 109 5, 12, 14, 19–21 Alexander, Jeffrey, 3, 49 links to anti-liberalism and anti- Americanization of the globalism, 110–111 Holocaust, 4–6, 22 and the Oi! rock subgenre, 58–59 Amistad (movie), 94 and resistance to COVID-19 Amy Bellette (Roth character), 29–30 restrictions, 115 Anderson County Review antisemitic, rising, and return to nativism and anti-mask cartoon, 113 isolationism, 109 And Truth Shall Set You Free See also Holocaust education; (Icke), 117 Holocaust memorialization; Anne B. Real (novel, flm), 87 White nationalism “Another Brick in the Wall, Part II” Auschwitz imagery, 2, 106, 113 (Pink Floyd),” 57 Auslander, Shalom, 30–31
1 Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refer to notes.
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature 133 Switzerland AG 2021 J. Demsky, Nazi and Holocaust Representations in Anglo-American Popular Culture, 1945–2020, Palgrave Studies in Cultural Heritage and Confict, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79221-3 134 INDEX
B Cole, Tim, 2 Baldwin, Stanley, 15 Commodifed “Bart vs. Australia” episode (The memorialization, 33, 109 Simpsons),” 79 Conspiracy narratives, 115, 118 Battle of Cable Street, London, 15 Corrupt remembrance, 30, 38 Berenbaum, Michael, 4, 28 COVID-19 pandemic, 113–116, 118 Bieber, Justin, 86 Crimes against humanity, 12–14 Blair, Tony, 40 See also International Military “Blitzkrieg Bop” (Ramone, Joey and Tribunal (IMT), Nuremberg Tommy),” 53 Cultural trauma, 3, 49 “Blood and Honor” campaign Curb Your Enthusiasm (TV show, (Donaldson), 59 David), “The Survivor” “Blood Sucker” (No Remorse),” 61 episode, 73 Borowski, Tadeus, 68 Bosnia, ethnic cleansing in, 39–41 Boswell, Matthew, 52 D Bowers, Robert, 112–114 David, Larry, 69, 73 Bowie, David, 55–57 Days of Remembrance of the Victims Boyne, John, 87 of the Holocaust Boy in the Striped Pajamas (Boyne), 87 ceremonies, 27, 31 Breivik, Anders, 88–90 The Dead Kennedys, 53 British Union of Fascists (BUF), De Hann, Ido, 91 14–16, 120 Democracy, democratic values, Broder, Henryk, 28 liberator narratives and, 13, 19 Brooks, Mel, 68, 73 See also Liberator narrative Bruce, Lenny, 68 Des Pres, Terrence, 67, 68 The Diary of Anne Frank (play, Goodrich and Hackett), 18 C The Diary of Anne Frank (movie, “California Über Alles” (The Dead Stevens), 18–19 Kennedys),” 53 The Diary of a Young Girl (Frank), 86 “Candy, Quahog, Marshmallow” See also Frank, Anne episode (Family Guy),” 77 The Dictators, “Master Race Rock,” 52 Carmichael, Stokely, 110 Django Unchained (Tarantino), 94 Carter, Jimmy, 27, 38 Donaldson, Ian Stuart, 59–60 Chabloz, Alison, 115–117 Dyck, Kirsten, 58 Chappelle’s Show, “Time Haters” skits, 94 Clapton, Eric, 53–55, 57, 120 E Clark, Dick, 51, 52 Eden, Anthony, 17 The Clash, 51 Ed Sullivan Show, Rolling Stones Clinton, Bill, 39–40 appearance, 47, 48 Clinton, Hillary, 110, 112 Edwards, Ralph, 18 INDEX 135
Emancipator tropes, see Liberator See also Holocaust education; narrative International Military Tribunal “Episode #1.3” (Kay and Peele),” 95 (IMT), Nuremberg; US Eric Cartman (character on South Holocaust Memorial Park), 74 Museum (USHMM) Evian Conference on Refugees, 16 Germany, Holocaust education “Exterminate Ya” (No Remorse),” 61 in, 90–91 Extras (British TV sitcom), “Kate The Ghost Writer (Roth), 29, 69 Winslet” skit, 79–80 The Great Dictator (Chaplin), 70 Goodrich, Frances, 18, 30 Goodyer, Ian, 57 F Gyuri (character in Fatelessness), 96, 97 Fallace, Thomas, 93 Family Guy (cartoon), 77 Fatelessness (Kertész), 96 H Finklestein, Norman, 2 Hackett, Albert, 18, 30 Frank, Anne “Hammerskins Nation,” 57 fctional deconstructions of, 29–30 Harry, Prince, 120–121 portrayals in pop culture, 75–78 Hate rock, 51, 58–62, 69 real vs. imagined, deconstructive Hi Hitler! (Rosenfeld), 3 approaches, 86 Historical Roasts (Netfix), 127 roast of on Historical Roasts, 127 Historiography, and being faithful to as symbol of hope, 2–3 the historical event, 4–6 See also Liberator narrative See also Holocaust memorialization “Free My Land” Hitler, Adolf, 32, 33 (Skrewdriver),” 60, 119 Holocaust (NBC TV Furie, Matt, 105–107 miniseries), 30–32 See also Pepe the Frog memes Holocaust education brazen/irreverent approaches, value of, 2–3, 6–7, 87, G 92–94, 97, 128 Geneva (Shaw), 116 constructive approaches, 80, 96–97 Genocide contemporary, creativity needed for, addressing at the IMT, 12 5, 87, 97 in Bosnia, 39–41 contested approaches, 127–129 and cultural trauma, 3–4 empathic vs. non-empathic human potential for, 93, 97 approaches, 96 Nazi, indifference to in the US and emphasis on human morality/ the UK, 4, 12–15, 19–20 equity, 89 Palombo’s memorialization, 33–35 in Europe, 88–92 and racism, 61 and evoking contemporary trivializing, 117 parallels, 96–97 136 INDEX
Holocaust education (cont.) historical vs. imagined reality of, 3, goal, 93, 97 16–18, 86 impact of historical distancing, Holocaust denial/derision, 61, 88, 5–6, 86–87 115–117, 120, 128 and the intersection of race, history impact of the Nuremberg and memorialization, 94 trials, 4, 13 and purely emotional irreverent, pedagogical value, responses, 86–87 2, 6–7, 88, 92–94, 97, 128 US vs. UK pedagogical reimagining, importance, 3–7, approaches, 3–4, 89 109, 128 Holocaust humor responsible vs. irresponsible and Holocaust themed TV skits, 69 approaches, 69–79 Nazi humor vs., 68 as solely the responsibility of Jewish responsible vs. irresponsible people, 128 approaches, 5, 69–79 US vs. UK experiences, 3–4, UK, and changing historical 14, 29, 130 understanding among the Wiesel’s contribution, 37–38 British, 79 See also Holocaust education as way of ensuring constructive future holocaust consciousness, 80 I See also Pop culture; Television Icke, David, 117–119 sitcom skits “If I’m Dying, I’m Lyin” (Family “Holocaust Laughter” (De Pres),” 67 Guy),” 77–78 Holocaust memorialization Inglourious Basterds (move, active, limits, 35 Tarantino), 94 ambiguous vs. ambitious Intergovernmental Committee memory, 17 (IGC), 16 balancing raising awareness with International Military Tribunal (IMT), kitsch, 31 Nuremberg, 4, 12–15 “Blood and Honor” campaign See also Liberator narrative (Donaldson), 59 Irving, David, 117 comparison of US and Israeli TV, 4 confating indifference and J concern, 17 Jackson, Robert, 12 constructive vs. destructive Jagger, Mick, 48, 50 memorializing, 94, 127–129 Jewish War Veterans March, and cultural trauma, 3 1933, 19–20 and distance from historical Johansen, David, 58, 59 events, generational Jones, Brian, 48 distance, 2–4, 85 Joyce, James, 14 INDEX 137
K “Major Boobage” (South Park), 75–76 Karski, Jan, 16, 17 Make America Great Again “Kate Winslet” episode (MAGA), 6, 107–108, 110, (Extras),” 79–80 113–114, 119 Kertész, Imre, 96–97 “Mandela Boot Camp & Time Key and Peele (TV show), 95 Haters” (Chappelle’s Show), 94 Kinloch, Nicholas, 87 “Master Race Rock” (The Klüger, Ruth, 96 Dictators), 53 Kohner, Hanna, 18 Maus (Spiegelman), 31–32 Kushner, Tony, 3, 13 McLaren, Malcolm, 51 Kverndokk, Kyrre, 89 Memorializing, see Holocaust memorialization Menthon, François de, 12 L Merkel, Angela, 90 Laqueur, Walter, 38 Mitford, Diana, 15 Latinx/Chicanx populations, educating Mosley, Oswald, 14, 15, 119, 120 about the Holocaust, 87 Muslim immigrants, 88, 90–93 “Law of ironic Hitlerization” My Holocaust (Reich), 96 (Rosenfeld),” 73 Lazar, David, 73 Lester, Julius, 109 N Liberator narrative Nathan Zuckerberg (Roth and the Cold War, 31, 86, 89 character), 30 emphasis on in the US, 18–19 National Front (NF) party, UK, 54, and the Nuremberg trials, 4 55, 57, 58 value to both the US and the Nationality Act, 1948, 53 UK, 12–13 Nativist Pepe, 119–120 Wiesel’s acquiescence to, 38 Nazi Pepe the Frog, 106–110 See also Holocaust memorialization; “Nazi Punks Face off” (The Dead International Military Tribunal Kennedys), 53 (IMT), Nuremberg; US The Netherlands, Holocaust Holocaust Memorial Museum education in, 91 (USHMM), 12 “Never forget” trope, 6, 79 Lindquist, David, 95 Night (Wiesel), 37, 96 “Lockdown Laura” cartoon, 113–115 Non-Playable Character (NPC) London, Louise, 14 memes, 111–114 Long, Breckinridge, Jr., 19, 20 “No Racism, No Antisemitism” (Palombo), 32, 33 No Remorse (band), 61 M Norway, Holocaust education Magid, Shaul, 38 in, 88–89 Maguire, Peter, 12 Novick, Peter, 2–3, 109 138 INDEX
Nuremberg liberator trope, see See also Frank, Anne; Hate rock; International Military Tribunal Holocaust education; (IMT), Nuremberg Holocaust humor Powell, Enoch, 53–55 Presidential campaign, 2016, “great O meme war,” 110 Offce of War Information (OWI), Punk rock, 50–53 U.S., 20–22 See also Hate rock; Oi! rock Oi! rock, 58–60 See also Hate rock; Pop culture O’Toole, Peter, 48 Q Quayle, Dan, 28
P Palombo, AleXsandro, 32–33, 76 R Panayi, Panikos, 53 Racism, current, and pedagogical value Patraka, Vivian, 39 of Holocaust studies, 93–97, Pearce, Andy, 3, 51 109, 111 Peellaert, Guy, 50 See also Antisemitism; Holocaust Pepe the Frog memes education; Pop culture; White appropriations for emotional nationalism self-expression, 106 “The Raincoats” episode (Seinfeld), 72 Brexit Pepe, 118–119 Ramone, Joey and Tommy, 53 confation with NPC Wojak, 113 Randall, AWG, 17 Nativist Pepe, 119–120 Rebel, Johnny, 61 Nazi Pepe, 106–110 Reich, Tova, 96 original character, 105 Reich, Walter, 18–19 use of by Trump family, 107, 110 The Residents (The Third Reich ‘n and white nationalism, Roll), 51 6–7, 106–107 Rhodes, Ben, 51 “Pinkeye” (South Park), 74–76 Rialto, California, Holocaust Pink Floyd, 55–57 miseducation scandal, 85–87 Pop culture “Rivers of blood” speech and appropriation of Nazi/ (Powell), 53–55 Holocaust history, 54, 69 Robertson, Pat, 117 bridge-building using, 73, 76 Robot Chicken (Claymation), 76 Oi! and other hate rock “Rock against Communism (RAC) musicians, 60 crusade” (National Front), 58 “Pinkeye” (South Park), 74–76 “Rock against Racism” movement The Producers, 68 (UK), 57–58 television sitcom skits, 70–79 Rock Dreams (Peellaert), 50 INDEX 139
Rodwell, Grant, 88 T The Rolling Stones, 47–53, 58 Tale of a City (OWI brochure), 21–22 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 19–22, 38 Television sitcom skits, 4–5, 70–79 Rosenfeld, Gavriel, 3, 73, 74 See also Holocaust humor Roth, Philip, 29–31, 33, 69 The Third Reich ‘n Roll (the Rumbold, Harold, 14 Residents), 51 “Run Like Hell” (Pink Floyd), 57 This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen (Borowski), 68 “Toy Meets Girl” (Robot S Chicken), 75–77 Schindler’s List (movie), 72–73, 79, Tree of Life synagogue attack, 93–94, 129 Pittsburgh, 112–113 Seinfeld, Jerry, 69 Trump, Donald, 78, 107, 110 Seinfeld (TV show), 69–72 “Trump Guy” episode (Family Selling, Jan, 89 Guy), 78 Sex Pistols, 51 The Turner Diaries, 111 Shandler, Jeffrey, 70 Shaw, Bernard, 116–117 Shawcross, Hartley, 12–14, 17, 120 U Sherman, A.J., 16 United Kingdom Silverman, Max, 17 anti-immigrant/racist animosity in, The Simpsons (cartoon series), 34 106–107, 119–120 Siouxsie Sioux, 50 Battle of Cable Street, 15 Sitcom skits, see Television sitcom skits cultural trauma from WWII, “Six Million Lies” (No Remorse), 61 3–4, 13–14 Skrewdriver (band), 59–60 distancing from the past, 17–18, Smirnov, LM, 12 50–51, 61 Sol Kugel (Auslander character), 30 Holocaust mockery/indifference, “Soup Nazi” episode (Seinfeld), 70–72 3–4, 115–121 South Park (cartoon series), 74–75 Kindertransporte program, 14–16 Soviet Union, 12, 31, 86 policies towards Nazi’s after start of Spector, Karen, 95 war, 16–18 Spiegelman, Art, 30–31 and pop cultural appropriation of “The Spy Who Learned Me” episode Nazi/Holocaust history, 4–6 (The Simpsons), 78–79 response to the Bosnian Steir-Livny, Liat, 4 genocide, 36–40 Stevens, George, 19 “Rock against Racism” Stier, Oren Baruch, 2 movement, 57–58 Still Alive (Klüger), 96 support for fascism in, Stratton, Jon, 70 14–15, 17, 116 “The Survivor” episode (Curb Your as upholder of democratic values, 13 Enthusiasm), 73 value of the Nuremberg myth in, 12 Sweden, Holocaust education in, 89 See also Holocaust memorialization 140 INDEX
United States W and the Americanization of the “Waiting for the Worms” (Pink Holocaust, 27–32 Floyd), 57 anti-African American songs The Wall (album and flm; Pink opposing the Civil Rights Floyd), 55–57 Movement, 61 War Refugee Board (WRB), 20 attitudes towards Jews, 15–20 The Wave (movie), 91 Capitol attack, Jan. 6, 2021, 113 “Welcome narrative” approach, as defender of global human 18, 96 rights, 5 While America Watches as liberator nation, 4–5, 18–19, 40 (Shandler), 70 and modern American learners, 93 White nationalism punk use of Nazi imagery, 53 bigotry and hate and reminders about fascism and associated with, 92, 95, genocide by rockers, 53 107–108, 110–111 World War II experience, 3–4 and the cooptation of Nazi memes, See also Holocaust humor; Holocaust 4–7, 114, 120 memorialization; International and Holocaust education, 90 Military Tribunal (IMT), and NPC Wojak, 111–113 Nuremberg; Liberator narrative and Pepe the Frog, 106–108 US Holocaust Memorial and violence, 112–115 Museum (USHMM) white power rockers, 59 activist legacy, 39–40 “White Power” (Skrewdriver), 60 and the Americanization of the “Why Auschwitz Was Never Bombed” Holocaust, 27 (Wyman), 38 Holocaust (NBC TV Wiesel, Elie, 29, 36–38 miniseries), 30–32 See also Night (Wiesel) inaugural ceremonies, 36 Wildavsky, Aaron, 40 and indifference to responsible “Wojak” (NPC), 111–113 remembrance, 77 Wojak Oswald Mosley, 120 and the liberator trope, 38–39 Wojak Robert Bowers, 113–114 Wyman, David, 38
V Van Gogh, Theo, 92 Y Vicious, Sid, 51, 52 Yolocaust website, 128 Victimization trope, 31–33, 55, 70, 88 Yuval-Davis, Nira, 17