6 X 10.Long New.P65

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-69030-0 - Hand Talk: Sign Language among American Indian Nations Jeffrey E. Davis Index More information

Index

Alexander Graham Bell. 49, 68, 211 Boas, Franz, xx, 7, 32, 44–47, 50, 55, 68, 85, American Sign Language (ASL), xvi, xxix, 15, 110, 214, 215 18, 25, 77, 83, 85, 93, 94, 96, 97, 100–01, book website, xxi 139, 140, 154, 172, 175, 178, 179, 180, 219, 223, 228 Cabeza de Vaca, 18 compared with other signed languages, Campbell, Lyle, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 15, 18, 19, 20, 86, 103–08 92, 101, 103, 108, 130, 179, 216 compared with PISL, 121–22, 123–32 Canada, 4, 6, 15, 21, 28, 92, 99, 131, 201, 220 history of, 25–27 characteristics of alternate and primary sign linguistic features, 205 systems, 181 linguistic features compared with PISL, Cheyenne, xviii, xx, 4, 7, 16, 39, 40, 49, 75, 145–53, 164–70 76, 114, 154, 173, 200, 218, 219 phonological constraints, 135–38 Chinook, 9, 11, 12, 172 Stokoe’s linguistic research, 134–35 Choctaw-Chickasaw, 9 verb agreement, 146 Clark, William, 7, 45, 92, 110, 164, 222 anthropology, xvi, xx, 30, 32, 64, 202, 214 Cobley, Paul, 64 anthropological linguistics, 19, 31, 85, 86, comparative method of linguistic 91, 93, 95, 135, 172, 174, 202 reconstruction, 101–03 emergence of the discipline, 43–47, 51–54, continuum of gesture, 185 64–66 Crow, xx, 7, 11, 16, 75, 115, 172, 173, 199, ethnocentrism, 203 219 ethnography, 51, 204 Crystal, David, xviii, 16, 17, 220, 223 Arapaho, 7, 75, 76, 81, 82, 89, 91, 114, 148, cultural areas of Native North America, xv, 151, 167, 194, 200, 216, 218, 219 xvii, 2, 6–9, 12, 72, 91–92, 99, 110, 167, Aronoff, Mark, xxi, 61, 143, 148, 157, 160, 171, 187 171, 176, 177, 186 Arctic and Subarctic, 99 Assiniboine, xx, 4, 7, 14, 16, 75, 92, 114, 172, California, 13, 37, 48, 71, 85 200, 215, 219 Great Basin, 2, 12, 92, 99, 110 Australian Aboriginal Sign Language (AASL), Great Plains, i, xv, xvii, xx, 1, 5, 6–12, 13, 93–95, 151, 180, 183 16, 19–20, 37, 72–73, 87, 90–96, 99–100, 110, 131, 145, 172, 173, 180, 187, 211, ban on the subject of language origins, 66–67 218, 221 Battison, Robbin, xvi, 86, 90, 94–98, 135, 136, Northeast, 99, 110 137, 139–40 Northwest Coast, 9, 15, 19 Battle of Little Bighorn, 39–40, 159, 167, Plateau, 2, 11, 12, 72, 92, 99, 110 213 Southwest, 1, 2, 11, 15, 19, 99, 110 Baynton, Douglas, 30, 63, 67–69, 98, 179 Custer’s Last Stand, see Battle of Little Bellugi, Ursula, 71, 149, 152 Bighorn Bitter Root Jim, 75, 76, 77, 152 Blackfoot, xviii, 4, 7, 16, 70, 79, 80, 82, 92, Dakotan, see Sioux 113, 145, 173, 200, 219, 221 Darwin, Charles, 29, 43, 48, 49, 65, 66–68, Bloomﬁeld, Leonard, 46, 56, 88, 101, 214 215

240

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-69030-0 - Hand Talk: Sign Language among American Indian Nations Jeffrey E. Davis Index More information

Index 241

Davis, Jeffrey, 2, 5–7, 8, 15, 26, 30, 55, 78, 83, lexical similarity studies, 103–07 88, 98, 99, 102, 103, 122, 125, 130, 131, methodologies in a nutshell, 108–09 156, 173, 178, 180, 181–84, 210, 212, methods and standards, 110–22 219, 223 PISL and ASL comparisons, 124–29 de Saussure, Ferdinand, 48, 50, 64, 88 PISL comparisons, 122–24 Dickens, Charles, 152 thresholds of historical relatedness, 107–08 Dine,´ see Navajo Hoffman, James, xx, 7, 49, 55–57, 61, 122, Dunbar, William, 22–24, 110, 122, 125 126, 155, 156, 222 horse nomadism, 11 emergent sign systems, 176 Al-Sayyid Bedouin sign language, 177 Indian schools, 77 home sign, 176 Indian Sign Language Council, 72–73, 75, Navajo family sign, 178 78 Nicaragua sign language, 177 Inuit, 4, 7 question of language youth, 178 Emmorey, Karen, 148, 225, 228 Jansz, Linda, 64 endangered languages, xviii, 1, 13, 15, 16, 26, Jefferson, President Thomas, 21, 22 127, 131, 172, 223 Johnston, Trevor, 134, 143, 145, 148, 157, Ethnologue, 6 161–65, 179, 211 Europe, xvi, 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 18–20, 24–27, 45, 55, 63, 65–68, 102, 106, 108, 186, 216, Karttunen, Frances, 4, 21–22 220 Kendon, Adam, 30, 43, 63, 64, 68, 90, 93, 94, colonization, xix, 11, 18, 19, 20, 24, 27, 220 171, 180, 184, 186, 215, 223 Spanish explorers, 18 Keresan Pueblo, 7, 210, 231 key to tribal territories, 10 Farnell, Brenda, xx, 6, 7, 76, 93, 95, 172, 180, Kiowa-Apache, see Plains Apache 221 Kroeber, Albert, xx, 45, 50, 62, 85–91, 95–96, First Nations, xix, 4, 12, 13, 22, 37–41, 72, 135, 139, 140, 145, 155, 157–58, 214, 121, 187, 206, 210, 220 218, 220 Flathead, 7, 75, 76, 92, 113, 114, 115, 198, 219 frequently asked questions, 12 Laguna Pueblo, 7 language corpus, xv, xviii, xxi, 6, 30, 83, 90, Gallaudet, Edward, 49 99, 100, 109–21, 130, 140, 150, 203, Gallaudet, Thomas, 23, 59, 69 214 gestures, see taxonomy of sign systems language families, 1–3, 6, 9, 61, 101, 108, 124, Goldin-Meadow, Susan, 146, 150, 175–77, 130, 172 181, 182, 183, 184 language loss, 3, 13, 27, 131, 184 Great Depression of 1930, 73, 84 language phyla and groups Groce, Nora, xvi, 18, 25, 26, 179, 211 Algic, see Algonquian Gros Ventre, see Hidatsa Algonquian, 1, 7, 16, 173 Guerra Currie, A.-M., 102, 103–09, 121, 130, Athabaskan, 7, 92 219 Caddoan, 7 Eskimo-Aleut, 7 Harrington, Frank, 7, 62 Iroquoian, 7 Hidatsa, 7, 14, 16, 21, 38, 55, 75, 115, 173, Keresan, 7 193, 194, 195, 199, 211 Kiowan, 7, 92 Hinsley, Curtis, 43–45, 47, 52, 61, 63, 214 language family, 205 historical linguistics, 50, 64, 108; see also Sahaptian, 7 comparative method, Salishan, 7 chance or shared symbolism, 103 Siouan, 7, 92 cognates, the search for, 101–02 Uto-Aztecan, 7, 92 cross-linguistic studies of signed languages, Zuni, 7 101–02 language revitalization, xviii, xxiv, 1, 13, genetic relatedness, 101–02, 108, 130–31 16, 17, 71, 72, 84, 109, 132, 173, 187, language isolate, 205 220

242 Index

Lean Wolf, 38, 39, 195 Ojibwa or Chippeway, 7, 55 Lewis and Clark expedition, 21–22 Liddell, Scott, 97, 143, 146–50, 152, 165, 184, Padden, Carol, xxi, 97, 146, 171, 176, 177, 185 186, 221 Lillo-Martin, Diane, xxi, 97, 134, 146, 150, Parkhurst and Parkhurst, 102–04, 106–07, 171, 175, 186, 222 109 lingua francas, xix, 1, 9–12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 39, Pellegra, Cito, xxv 75, 89, 92, 131, 169, 171–72, 174, 182, picture writing or pictographs, 30, 33, 34, 187, 205, 210, 211, 223 40–44, 51–55, 60, 61, 71, 212 Linguistic Society of America, 46, 85, 190, Piegan, see Blackfoot 210 Pierce, Charles Sanders, 64 Long, J. Schuyler, 27–28, 124, 125 Plains Apache, 7 Long, Stephen, 7, 23, 123 Plains Indian Sign Language (PISL), 6, 20, 27, Lucas, Ceil, 96, 186 73, 77, 82, 84, 85, 86, 205 annotations of signs, 191–96 Mallery, Garrick, xix, xxiv, 7, 23, 24, 28, Battison’s taxonomy of sign types, 30–39, 40–44, 47, 66, 70, 85, 87, 89, 92, 139–40 97, 110, 121, 126, 135, 140, 145, 146, classifiers, 148 151, 155, 163, 164, 166, 167, 170, 174, comparative form, 165 185, 189, 213, 215, 219, 220, 222, 223, comparison with other signed languages, 229 174 collaborators, 54–55 compounding, 144 life and research, 48–50 constructed action, 151 Mandan, 7, 21, 55, 75, 114, 192, 194, 199 depicting signs, see classifiers McKay-Cody, Melanie, xvii–xviii, 6, 13, derivational and inflectional processes, 15–17, 25, 82, 99, 131, 172–73, 180–83, 141 219 discourse analysis, 75–77 McKee, David, 102, 103–04, 107, 109, 130, discreteness, 133, 203 218 displacement, 149 McNeill, David, 121, 184–85, 217 duality of patterning, 91, 133, 140, 161, Meier, Richard, 61, 97, 103, 105, 130, 149–50, 203 151, 157, 160, 175 film dictionary and preservation project, Mithun, Marianne, 1–3, 6, 7, 9, 15, 19–20, 86, 78–79 90–91, 92, 141, 142, 158, 163, 165, 211, gender, 165 215 gradient features, 166 Mobilian, 9, 12, 172 grammaticalization, 164 Mountain Chief, xvii–xviii, 70, 75, 76, 77, handshape, 204 111–20, 200 handshapes, 135 Museum of the Plains Indian, 73 hyponyms and hypernyms, 168 Myer, Albert James, 35, 49 lexical analysis, 160 linguistic features compared with ASL, naming issues, 3 145–53, 164–70 National Endowment for the Humanities, 73 mental lexicon, 160, 205 National Museum of Natural History, xix, 30, metaphor, 167 31, 62, 212 minimal pairs, 134, 135–38, 205 National Science Foundation, xxi, xxv, 73 morphological analysis, 140, 206 Navajo, xvi–xviii, 3, 5, 7, 35, 169, 178, 180, negative forms, 165 210 phonological analysis, 133, 207 New Mexico Pueblo varieties, see Keresan phonological constraints, 135–38 Nez Perce, 7, 16, 92, 173 pointing signs, 149 North American Indian Sign Language, xvi, polysemy or semantic extension, 145 xviii, xx, xxi, 1, 5, 6, 27, 34, 54, 99, 109, polysynthetic, 142, 207 126, 185, 218 possession, 165 earliest published accounts, 24–25 productivity, 207 Northern Cheyenne, see Cheyenne pronouns, 150

Index 243

question formation, 164 iconicity, 204, 221 recursion, 159 iconicity and arbitrariness, xvi, 19–20, reflexive form, 165 89–90, 97, 100, 102, 106, 107, 108, 128, semantics, 167, 208 188–90, 202 sign language parameters, 134 indigenous sign language, xv, xix, xx, 98, summary of linguistic findings, 169 99, 100, 104, 107, 124–25, 129, 130–32, summary of research findings, 172 171, 180, 184, 186–87, 216, 219 symmetry and dominance conditions, inflections, 141, 205 138–39 international communication, 28, 174, syntax, 153, 208 204 theoretical issues, 142 language and communication, 20, 54, 64, time indicators, 163 65, 71, 77, 95, 159, 178, 183, 185, 188, verb agreement, 146 189 website, i, xviii, xxi lexicon, 160, 205 Powell, John Wesley, xxiv, 31–33, 34, 40, Martha’s Vineyard, xvii, xxi, 18, 27, 171, 42–43, 45, 47, 49, 53, 61, 62, 212, 214 211, 218 Pritchard, Evan, 3, 25, 211 Mexican Sign Language (LSM), 105 modality, 8, 20, 51, 65, 88, 89, 108, 133–34, Quinto-Pozos, David, 61, 97, 143, 152, 175, 140, 143, 153, 157–58, 169–70, 175, 176, 179, 186 179, 181, 188, 205, 208 myths, 188 Red Horse, 40, 159–60, 164, 167, 213 non-manual signals, 206 Romaine, Suzanne, 17 non-verbal communication, 206 onomatopoeia, 206 Sacagawea, 21–22, 211 simultaneous communication (sim-com), Sandler, Wendy, xxi, 61, 97, 134, 143, 146, 96, 143, 157, 158 148, 150, 157, 160, 171, 175–76, 178, symmetry and dominance conditions, 96 179, 186, 221, 222, 223 universal linguistic phenomenon, 20, 28, 59, Schembri, Adam, 97, 134, 143, 145, 148, 157, 66, 71, 87, 97, 103, 134, 169–70, 175–76, 160, 161, 162, 164, 179, 219, 222 178, 183, 188–90, 218, 223 Scott, Hugh, xxiv, 7, 28–29, 62, 72–78, 82, universality, xvi, 23, 28, 69, 89, 189, 83–84, 110, 121, 122, 126, 146, 197, 222 208 Sebeok, Thomas, xvi, 6, 30, 52, 90, 171, 180, Sioux, 7, 16, 40, 113, 154, 159, 167, 173, 199, 186 218 semiotics, 30–31, 50, 51, 63–64, 185–86, 208, sociolinguistic outcomes, xix, 8, 12, 13, 16, 80, 212 83, 84, 100, 127, 129, 130, 133, 169, 172, pragmatics, 207 178, 181, 183, 219; see lingua francas, Shoshone, xxviii, xxix, 7, 11, 21–22, 75, 197, code-switching, 181, 202 211 creolization, 11, 13, 104, 107, 125, 128, sign language 129, 176, 178, 179, 203, 216, 219, 223 affixation, 140–43, 202 dialect, 91, 203 alternate and primary signed languages, see extralinguistic factor, 204 taxonomy of signed communication jargon, 11, 205 systems language contact, xv–xvii, 205 campaign against sign language, 67–71 lexical borrowing, 96, 205 compounding, 144, 203 multilingualism, 129, 207, 212 conventionalized, xx, 1, 5, 20, 59, 93, 96, mutual intelligibility, 104, 206 122, 128, 149, 160, 161, 163, 169, 176, pidginization, 11, 13, 203, 204, 207, 180, 184, 186, 189, 217, 221 219 Deaf community, 125 Stokoe, William, xvi, 70–71, 85, 88, 91, 93, derivation, 141, 203 94, 96, 97, 125, 134, 135, 136, 184, 185, French Sign Language (LSF), xvi, 18, 25, 220 103, 105, 124, 180, 218 Stoney, see Assiniboine gestuno, 204 Supalla, Sam, 177, 178 glosses, xxix Supalla, Ted, 148

244 Index

taxonomy of signed communication systems, Umiker-Sebeok, Jean, xvi, 6, 31, 52, 63, 171, 180 180, 186 alternate signed languages, 25, 101, 172, 180, 181, 186, 202 Veditz, George, 27 gestures, 12, 94, 180, 184, 204 Voegelin, Carl, xx, 46, 62, 85–86, 89, 90, 95, home sign, 179, 180, 183, 204 135, 140 primary signed languages, 180, 207 Weatherwax, Marvin, 7, 76, 110, 122–24, 218 Taylor, Allan, 6, 9–12, 15, 16, 19–20, 90–91, West, La Mont, 86 92, 93, 145, 158, 163, 174, 181, 210, White Horse, Tom, 75, 76, 81, 82, 83, 114, 214 116, 148, 149, 151, 152, 164, 165, 167, Tomkins, William, 87, 110, 122–26, 139, 144, 200 155, 189, 218, 223 Woll, Bencie, 102–03 Tylor, Sir Edward, 20, 24, 43–44, 45, 48, 59, Woodward, James, 26, 97, 102, 103, 104, 64–65, 155 107–08, 124–25, 127, 130, 216, 217, 218