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Tabanidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia

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Tabanidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences (2009) 16,77–83 King Saud University Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences www.ksu.edu.sa www.sciencedirect.com ORIGINAL ARTICLE Tabanidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia H.M. Al Dhafer a,*, H.A. Dawah b, M.A. Abdullah c a King Saud University, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Protection, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia b National Museum of Wales, Department of Biodiversity and Systematic Biology, Entomology Section, Cardiff CF10 3NP, UK c King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 9064, Abha, Saudi Arabia Available online 27 October 2009 KEYWORDS Abstract Samples were collected from southern, central and eastern regions of Saudi Arabia using Malaise traps and sweep nets. Nine species of Tabanidae were identified, two for the first time from Tabanidae; Saudi Arabia, Hybomitra peculiaris (Szila´dy) and Atylotus pulchellus (Loew). Horseflies; New records; Therefore, the total number of Tabanidae in Saudi Arabia is 31 species. Remarks of the species Saudi Arabia; recorded in this study were given. A key to the genera of Tabanidae occurring in the Arabian Pen- Key to genera insula is also provided. Available literature for Saudi Arabian Tabanidae is summarized and pro- vided. It is concluded that the tabanid fauna of Saudi Arabia is more similar to that of the Palaearctic region than to the Afrotropical region. ª 2009 King Saud University. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Kettle, 1992; Chainey, 1993), and includes many species important to human and animal health, either by acting as a The family Tabanidae (horse flies, deer flies and clegs) belongs disease vector, or by debilitating the host. For more informa- to the superfamily Tabanoidea, suborder Brachycera, along tion on the diseases for which tabanids act as vectors, see: with 10 other dipteran families (Colless and McAlpine, Chva´la et al. (1972), Krinsky (1976). When present in large 1991). Members of the Tabanidae are the largest blood-suck- numbers, Tabanids can also cause economic losses by disturb- ing flies, and the family contains 3000–4000 species throughout ing labourers and tourists, because the bite of some species can the world (Kettle, 1992; Chainey, 1993). It is important be- be very irritating and painful and secondary bacteria etc. cause of its veterinary and medical significance (Foil, 1989; can be introduced into the wound. Their attack on livestock can be so severe as to reduce milk yields in dairy cattle. The Tabanidae are poorly known in the Middle East. Al-Talafha et al. (2004) reported that there are 27 (Leclercq, * Corresponding author. 1982 = ca 44) species of Tabanidae recorded from Iraq and E-mail address: [email protected] (H.M. Al Dhafer). 24 species in Jordan. Al-Houty (1989) recorded one species from Kuwait, while Al-Ahmadi and Salem (1999) listed 17 spe- 1319-562X ª 2009 King Saud University. All rights reserved. Peer- review under responsibility of King Saud University. cies from Saudi Arabia. The main objective of the present pa- doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2009.10.004 per is to report on the species recorded in Saudi Arabia during our survey, along with available details on their biology and distribution and to summarize the available literature for Sau- Production and hosting by Elsevier di Arabia. A key to the tabanid genera occurring in the Ara- bian Peninsula is also included. 78 H.M. Al Dhafer et al. 2. Materials and methods other specimens collected by other collectors from other sites were also examined. These sites were: Al Qatif, Alkarj, Al Hu- 2.1. Collection methods and specimen preparation and specimens fuf, Fifa, Riyadh and Najran. These specimens were deposited of flies examined in The Arabian National Museum of Arthropods, Ministry of Agriculture, Riyadh (ANMA); in The King Saud University Malaise traps were set up at two locations in the Asir province Museum of Arthropods King Saud University, College of of Saudi Arabia and operated at various periods. In addition, Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Table 1 List of localities sampled with coordinates and altitude, trapping methods and dates of collection. Abha Farm Centre; vegetable farm 18°130N42°300E 2150 m Malaise trap 3.lll.-3.Vl.2001 Alkarj 24°130N47°150E 300 m Sweeping 28.X.1980 Al Hufuf 25°150N49°320E 250 m Sweeping 30.XI.1982; 20.V.1984 Al Qatif 26°450N49°580E 100 m Sweeping 15.XI.1985; 15.XI.1980; 30.XI.1982 Al-Rakaba, Alhurytha 90 km South of Abha 17°070N42°390E 60 m Sweeping 3.II.2006 Fifa 19°120N43°60E 250 m Sweeping 1.IV.1983; 31.X.1984 Maraba 60 km South of Abha; fruit farm, 17°540N42°230E 80 m Malaise trap 1-17.Vl.2003 mainly mango and banana 1-31.V. 2004 15-X-30.IX.2004 Najran 17°320N44°200E 1257 Sweeping 15.IV.1983 Riyadh 24°360N46°450E 650 m Sweeping 14.V.1977; 2.V.1981; 15.II.1981; 8.I.1985; 3.VIII.1980 Table 2 List of Tabanidae species recorded from Saudi Arabia. Species References Origin* Subfamily Tabanini Ancala latipes (Macquart) Amoudi (1989) P, A Atyloyus farinosus (Szilady) Moucha (1976), Amoudi and Leclercq (1992), Gadallah and Bosly (2006) P Atyloyus pallescens (Walker) Moucha (1976) P Atylotus agrestis (Wiedemann) Amoudi (1989), this study P, A, O Atylotus pulchellus Loew This study P, O Atylotus venturii Leclercq, 1966 Amoudi and Leclercq (1996) P Atylotus pallescens** (Walker, 1871) Moucha (1976) P Atylotus agricola (Wiedemann) Amoudi and Leclercq (1993) P Hybomitra peculiaris (Szila´dy) This study P, O Haematopota coronata Austen Leclercq (1982, 1986), this study P, A Haematopota abyssinica Surcouf Amoudi (1989 P, A Haematopota minuscula Austen Amoudi and Leclercq (1993) P Tabanus albifacies Loew Leclercq (1966), Amoudi and Leclercq (1996) P, A Tabanus arabicus Macquart Leclercq (1982), Amoudi and Leclercq (1996) P Tabanus biguttatus Wiedemann Oldroyd (1954), Amoudi (1989), this study P, A Tabanus camelarius Austen Leclercq (1986) P, A Tabanus cordiger Meigen Leclercq (1986) P Tabanus fumidus Austen Leclercq (1982) P Tabanus leleani turkestanicus Olsufjev Leclercq (1982), this study P, O Tabanus leucostomus Loew Leclercq (1986) P, A Tabanus mordax Austen Leclercq (1986), Walker and Pittaway (1987) P Tabanus polygonus Walker Walker and Pittaway (1987) P Tabanus rupinae Austen Walker and Pittaway (1987), this study P Tabanus riyadhae Amoudi and Leclercq Amoudi and Leclercq (1988) P Tabanus separatus Efflatoun Amoudi and Leclercq (1996) P Tabanus sabuletorum Loew Leclercq (1982), this study P, O Tabanus taeniola Palisot de Beauvois Amoudi (1989), Amoudi and Leclercq (1992), Gadallah and Bosly (2006) P, A Tabanus sufis Jaennicke Leclercq (1986), Amoudi and Leclercq (1993, 1996), this study P, A, O Tabanus unifasciatus Loew Amoudi and Leclercq (1996) P Subfamily Pangoniinae Philoliche (Philoliche) magrettii (Bezzi) Amoudi and Leclercq (1992) P, A Philoliche (Dorcaloemus) auricoma (Austen) Amoudi and Leclercq (1992) P, A * A: Afrotropical; P: Palaearctic; O: Oriental. ** Moucha (1976) recorded this species from Saudi Arabia, followed by Leclercq (1982). However, Chva´la (1988) records this as a doubtful species and states that the type locality (Tor) is in Sinai, Egypt and not in Arabia. Leclercq (2000) supported Chva´la’s statement. Tabanidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia 79 Protection, Riyadh (KSMA), and in The National Museum of Wales, Cardiff (NMWC). 2.2. Identification of flies Insects were identified at the National Museum of Wales, Car- diff (NMWC). They were first identified to genus level using Stubbs and Drake (2001) and then to species level using mainly Oldroyd (1952, 1954, 1957), Leclercq (1966) and Chva´la et al. (1972). Comparisons were also made with reliably identified specimens in the National Museum of Wales, Cardiff. 2.3. Illustrations A photographic montage of some of the species of Tabanidae occurring in the Arabian Peninsula was prepared in the NMWC using images from a video camera and ‘‘Synaptics Automontage’’ software. 3. Results and discussion Figure 1 (A) Tibiae of hind leg of Adersia sp.; (B) tibiae of hind Nine species of Tabanidae were identified, two for the first time leg of Tabanus sp. recorded from Saudi Arabia, Hybomitra peculiaris (Szila´dy, 1914) and Atylotus pulchellus (Loew, 1858) Therefore, the total number of Tabanidae in Saudi Arabia is 31 species. It is con- cluded that the tabanid fauna of Saudi Arabia is more similar to that of the Palaearctic region than to that of the Afrotrop- ical region (Table 2). 3.1. Key to genera of Tabanidae occurring in the Arabian Peninsula (1) Middle and hind tibiae with apical spurs......... ........................(Fig. 1A). .. .. .. .2 – Only middle tibiae with apical spurs. .. .. .. .. ..................... (Fig. 1B). .. .. .. ...3 (2) Grey dusty-looking flies found on sea beaches; mouth parts in both sexes very much reduced, female with frons very wide and swollen (Fig. 2) . .. .. ......Adersia Figure 2 The general features of the female of Adersia guichardi Austen Austen (Photograph by James Turner ª Amgueddfa Cymru – – Habitat otherwise, mouth parts fully functional in National Museum Wales). female; wing usually with distinctive cross band or bands and often with fore margin and apex with similar dark markings; basal two antennal segments usually long and subequal in length (Fig. 3) ........ Chrysops Meigen (3) Wing with a distinct grey–brown pattern of small spots and rosettes; basal part of third antennal segment slen- der but differentiated from the three terminal segments (Fig. 4) . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .........................Haematopota Meigen – Not this combination of characters, wing markings may be present but not of this pattern . .. .. ..... ......................... ................................. .......................................4 (4) Eyes of living specimens light yellowish to pale green– Figure 3 The general features of the female of Chrysops flavipes grey, usually with one incomplete narrow band or Meigen (Photograph by James Turner ª Amgueddfa Cymru – unbanded; eyes of dry specimens light to reddish-brown.
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