RWS Reloading Brochure
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Safe Use of Smokeless Powder for Small Arms
Safe Use of Smokeless Powder for Small Arms Propellant is designed to create gas when burned. The speed by which it creates gas is what we call, “Burn Rate”. You will hear about “faster powders” or “slower powders”. These descriptions refer ONLY to the rate at which relative propellants create gas. The burn rate of a propellant is controlled by surface area of the individual grains, density, particle size, energetic content, and burn rate modifiers (deterrents). It is impossible to tell the burn rate of a propellant by its physical traits alone. Burn rates of a propellant must be matched to the chamber and bore dimensions of a firearm, and the weight and resistance of a projectile. Many additional variables contribute to the correct balance of propellant burn rate and firearm requirements. Experts test these variables, using pressure-test barrels, and fired remotely. It is unwise and potentially dangerous for individuals to develop loads outside of established recipes. We call this, “Tickling the dragons belly”, and strongly advise against the practice. The ballistic output of your loaded rounds WILL change from many variables. Among them: Case length, case volume, primer type and brand, primer seating depth, temperature, altitude, atmospheric pressure, projectile weight, projectile seating depth, projectile form, projectile material, internal case capacity, propellant burn rate, charge weight, moisture contamination, residual solvent, bore conditions, case hardness, mouth crimp, bullet-pull, load length, powder lot, primer lot, projectile lot, firing pin or hammer force, and firearm. Propellants that look very similar, when loaded in a cartridge, can lead to disastrous results. Therefore, ensure your own safety by diligently following safe reloading practices. -
User Instructions for the Co-Ax® Primer Seater Issue 5
User Instructions for the Co-Ax® Primer Seater Issue 5 1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION 4.0 FILL PRIMERS IN FEED TUBE Co-Ax Primer Seater allows for fast, easy seating with a built-in primer Primers for U.S. cartridges come in two diameters — large (0.210”) and flipper and loading tray. It seats primers flat and coaxially with the small (0.175”) — and two general types — rifle and pistol. Rifle primers cartridge case for accurate alignment and penetration. have more rigid cups and a hotter flash than pistol primers. The unique design allows the operator to eliminate “slop” when working The Primer Seater comes with two sizes of the Feed Tube with a specific cartridge, translating into consistent seating, reliable (011521-011LG and 011521-011SM). To fill the Feed Tube with primers, ignition, and reduced misfires. you may use the Primer Seater tray or the Primer Tube Loader (sold separately), as described below. Case priming is a critical handloading operation because, in order for ammunition to perform efficiently, consistent powder ignition is 4.0.1 FILL PRIMERS IN BUILT-IN TRAY mandatory. Crushed, broken-tipped, or protruding primers may be dangerous or cause variations in pressure. The case must be primed 1. Empty the primers from their package into the Seater’s tray. before adding new powder, so that your gun’s propellant powder is 2. Place the Large or Small Tube into the built-in channel, as shown in contained at the bottom of the case. Fig. 1. The anvil of the primer should face the slotted side of the Tube. -
High-Speed Measurement of Firearm Primer Blast Waves
High-speed measurement of firearm primer blast waves Michael Courtney, Joshua Daviscourt, Jonathan Eng U.S. Air Force Academy, 2354 Fairchild Drive, USAF Academy, CO, 80840 [email protected] Amy Courtney Force Protection Industries, Inc., 9801 Highway 78, Ladson, SC 29456 [email protected] Abstract: This article describes a method and results for direct high-speed measurements of firearm primer blast waves employing a high-speed pressure transducer located at the muzzle to record the blast pressure wave produced by primer ignition. Key findings are: 1) Most of the lead styphnate based primer models tested show 5.2- 11.3% standard deviation in the magnitudes of their peak pressure. 2) In contrast, lead-free diazodinitrophenol (DDNP) based primers had standard deviations of the peak blast pressure of 8.2-25.0%. 3) Combined with smaller blast waves, these large variations in peak blast pressure of DDNP-based primers led to delayed ignition and failure to fire in brief field tests. Keywords: rifle primer, blast pressure, primer strength, muzzle velocity variations I. Introduction measurement method presented could be used, Over the years various surrogates have been used to together with mass sorting and measurement of quantify and compare performance of rifle primers velocity standard deviations to determine which including measuring velocity and standard deviation hypothesis is better supported in a given cartridge when the primer alone propelled a projectile from a and load. gun barrel,(1) measuring velocity, pressure, and standard deviation produced by a given primer in combination with a given powder charge and bullet,(2)(3) and measuring the size of the visible primer flash in photographs.(2)(3) This article presents a method and results for direct high-speed measurements of rifle primer blast waves employing a high-speed pressure transducer located at the Figure 1: Left: High-speed pressure transducer (on top) muzzle to record the blast pressure wave produced and signal conditioning unit. -
Dumdum Slugs Used by Some Area Police
Expand Violently on Impact Dumdum Slugs Used By Some Area Police ByPhiwnshirm L,ptstR: A. N: oZstas IV Police in Prince George's, endangering innocent by- Montgomery and Fairfax slanders. counties, joining a growing The U.S. armed services national trend, are carrying do not use expanding bullets flat-nosed bullets that many because a 1907 Hague con- authorities call "dumdums" vention, to which the U.S. is because they expand vio- a party, outlawed bullets lently inside human or ani- "calculated to cause unnec- mal targets they hit. essary suffering," according These flat or hollow- to the U.S. State Depart- tipped bullets differ from ment Office of Treaty Af- the round-tipped .38-caliber fairs. slugs that have been the Rachel Hurley, a foreign standard police cartridge In affairs officer there, said the U.S: since the beginning the unnecessary suffering of the century. The "dum- clause "has been interpreted dums" rip wider wound to include . .. dumdum bul- channels through flesh, lets." sometimes shattering into Instead the tips of U.S. many pieces and tending to military bullets are pointed stop inside bodies rather rounded and the softlead is than going through cleanly, covered by a hard metal according to weapons ex- perts. jacket that tends to keep the bullets intact when it The suburban Washington hits a target. police who use them say Lt. Charles Federline they like their increased of the Montgomery County po- stopping power, greater lice department said, "There penetration of car doors and was an alarming increase of other shields used by crimi- people who were shot with nals and their tendency not to riccochet off pavement, See BULLETS, A10, Col. -
Intro to Reloading
Intro to Reloading This introductory manual will cover the basics of handloading ammunition. It will include information regarding necessary equipment, required materials, and the reloading process. This is not intended to be a comprehensive guide. Reloading is an in-depth, complex subject. This guide is a starting point for absolute beginners. Further information should be sought out for your specific calibers you are reloading, your specific brand and models of equipment, and your specific reloading components and materials. Follow all instructions that come with your equipment and materials. When someone who has never reloaded their own ammo looks into it, the needed equipment list is daunting and expensive. It is the intention of this guide to make reloading seem easy and accessible. Anyone, even children, can reload ammunition if shown the steps. My 8 year old is more than eager to help me de-prime, drop powder, or resize shells. Hopefully the knowledge presented here will increase your confidence when it comes to starting your reloading journey. [2] Socialistra.org Why Reload? Self Sufficiency: A decade ago, the generally accepted wisdom was “You will always be able to find .22lr. You will always be able to find .223. You will always be able to find .30-06. You will always be able to find XYZ.” After Sandy Hook in 2012, that all changed. For YEARS afterward, certain kinds of ammo were simply non-existent on store shelves. In this Time of Trump, it may not seem to make sense to spend $.10-$.25 more on each round you would make vs just buying the factory ammo. -
Characterization of Volatile Organic Gunshot Residues in Fired Handgun Cartridges by Headspace Sorptive Extraction
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Serveur académique lausannois CHARACTERIZATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC GUNSHOT RESIDUES IN FIRED HANDGUN CARTRIDGES BY HEADSPACE SORPTIVE EXTRACTION a* b a M. Gallidabino , F. S. Romolo , C. Weyermann a University of Lausanne, École des Sciences Criminelles, Institut de Police Scientifique, Bâtiment Batochime, 1015 Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland b Sapienza Università di Roma, Section of Legal Medicine, Department SAIMLAL, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Roma, Italy Abstract In forensic investigation of firearm-related cases, determination of the residual amount of volatile compounds remaining inside a cartridge could be useful in estimating the time since its discharge. Published approaches are based on following the decrease of selected target compounds as a function of time by using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME). Naphthalene, as well as an unidentified decomposition product of nitrocellulose (referred to as “TEA2”), are usually employed for this purpose. However, reliability can be brought into ques- tion given their high volatility and the low reproducibility of the extracted procedure. In order to identify alternatives and therefore develop improved dating methods, an extensive study on the composition and variability of volatile residues in nine different types of cartridges was carried out. Analysis was performed using headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE), which is a more exhaustive technique compared to SPME. 166 compounds were identified (several of which for the first time), and it was observed that the final compositional characteristics of each residue were strongly dependent on its source. Variability of single identified compounds within and between different types of cartridge, as well as their evolution over time, were also studied. -
Rimfire Firing-Pin Indent Copper Crusher (Part 1)
NONFERROUSNONFERROUS HEATHEAT TREATING TREATING Rimfire Firing-Pin Indent Copper Crusher (part 1) Daniel H. Herring – The HERRING GROUP, Inc.; Elmhurst, Ill. The Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers’ Institute Inc., also known as SAAMI, is an association of the nation’s leading manufacturers of rearms, ammunition and components. SAAMI is the American National Standards Institute-accredited standards Fig. 1. Firing-pin indent copper crushers developer for the commercial small arms and ammunition industry. SAAMI was for 22-caliber rimfire ammunition founded in 1926 at the request of the federal government and tasked with: creating and (courtesy of Cox Manufacturing and publishing industry standards for safety, interchangeability, reliability and quality; and Kirby & Associates) coordinating technical data to promote safe and responsible rearms use. he story of SAAMI’s rimfire firing-pin indent copper pressures and increased bullet velocities. crusher describes the reinvention of one of the most The primary advantage of rimfire ammunition is low cost, important tools in the ammunition and firearms industry typically one-fourth that of center fire. It is less expensive to T(Fig. 1). This article explains the purpose and operation manufacture a thin-walled casing with an integral-rimmed of the rimfire firing-pin indent copper crusher and how an primer than it is to seat a separate primer in the center of the unusual chain of events almost led to the disappearance of this head of the casing. simple but important technology. The most common rimfire ammunition is the 22LR (22-caliber long rif le). It is considered the most popular round Rimfire Ammunition in the world and is commonly used for target shooting, small- In order to discuss the rimfire copper crusher, we need to take a game hunting, competitive rifle shooting and, to a lesser extent, step back and first explain what rimfire ammunition is and how it works. -
The Effects of Physical Flash Hole Deviations on Factory-Grade Rifle Ammunition
Scholars' Mine Masters Theses Student Theses and Dissertations Spring 2015 The effects of physical flash hole deviations on factory-grade rifle ammunition Nicolaas Martin Schrier Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses Part of the Explosives Engineering Commons Department: Recommended Citation Schrier, Nicolaas Martin, "The effects of physical flash hole deviations on factory-grade rifle ammunition" (2015). Masters Theses. 7416. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/7416 This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL FLASH HOLE DEVIATIONS ON FACTORY- GRADE RIFLE AMMUNITION by NICOLAAS MARTIN SCHRIER A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the MISSOURI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE IN EXPLOSIVES ENGINEERING 2015 Approved by Paul Worsey, Advisor Gillian Worsey Jason Baird iii ABSTRACT The objective of this research is to determine the effect of dimensional and positional changes of the primer flash hole on the performance of factory-grade rifle ammunition. The studied variables were flash hole diameter, offset from center, and orientation of the offset in the primer pocket. Cartridge performance was quantified by measuring muzzle velocity, chamber pressure, and target grouping size (precision). Five different flash hole diameters were tested for both the Remington .223 and Winchester .308 calibers: 1.4mm, 2.0mm (the Fiocchi standard), 2.4mm, 2.8mm, and 3.0mm. -
A Sharp Little Affair: the Archeology of Big Hole Battlefield
A Sharp Little Affair: The Archeology of the Big Hole Battlefield By Douglas D. Scott With Special Sections by Melissa A. Connor Dick Harmon Lester Ross REPRINTS IN ANTHROPOLOGY VOLUME 45 1994 Published by J & L Reprint Company 410 Wedgewood Drive Lincoln, Nebraska 68510 Revised for PDF publication June 2009 Acknowledgments First and foremost we wish to acknowledge and thank Hank Williams, Jr. for his interest and financial support. The National Park Service seldom has the luxury of conducting an archeological research project that is not tied to some development project or some overriding management action. Mr. William's support allowed us to pursue this investigation for the benefit of the park without being tied to a specific management requirement. His support did allow us to accomplish several management goals that otherwise would have waited their turn in the priority system. This project has had more than its fair share of those who have given their time, resources, and knowledge without thought of compensation. Specifically Irwin and Riva Lee are to be commended for their willingness to ramrod the metal detecting crew. They volunteered for the duration for which we are truly grateful. Aubrey Haines visited us during the field investigations and generously shared his vast knowledge of the Big Hole battle history with us. His willingness to loan material and respond to our questions is truly appreciated. Former Unit Manager Jock Whitworth and his entire staff provided much support and aid during the investigations. Jock and his staff allowed us to invade the park and their good-natured acceptance of our disruption to the daily schedule is acknowledged with gratitude. -
Modern Guns and Smokeless Powder
BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF Henrg W. Sage 1S91 /\:,JM^n? ^I'tClfl ofseo Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030760072 : : MODERN GUNS AND SMOKELESS POWDER. ARTHUR RIGG JAMES GARVIE. LONDON E. & F. N. SPON, 125, STRAND. NEW YORK SPON & CHAMBERLAIN, 12, CORTLANDT STREET. 1892. MODERN GUNS AND SMOKELESS POWDER. PART I. INTRODUCTION. Gunpowder, the oldest of all explosives, has been the subject of many scientific investigations, sup- ported by innumerable experiments ; but Nature guards her secrets well ; and to this day it cannot be said that the cycle of chemical changes brought about by the combustion of gunpowder is thoroughly understood. Its original components vary, but are generally about 75 parts potassium nitrate, 15 parts carbon, and 10 parts sulphur, with other ingredients some- times added. These materials, when simply mixed together, burn with considerable vigour, but cannot rank as an explosive until they have been thoroughly incorporated, so that the different molecules are brought into such close proximity that each finds a neighbour ready and willing to combine on the smallest encouragement. Heat furnishes the necessary stimulus, by pro- 2 MODERN GUNS AND SMOKELESS POWDER. moting chemical activity ; and, when combined with concussion, the molecules are driven closer to- gether, and this intimate association accelerates their combination. The effect of mere concussion is shown to greater advantage when any of the more dangerous ex- plosives, such as iodide of nitrogen, are subjected to experiment. -
Winchester® Components Catalog
WINCHESTER® COMPONENTS CATALOG Winchester® Powder . .02 Winchester® Primers . .03 Winchester® Wads & Shot . .04 Shotshell Reloading Data . .07 Winchester® Centerfire Rifle Data . .12 Winchester® Centerfire Handgun Data . .20 Winchester® Warnings . .25 Winchester ® Powders WST Target shotshell and standard velocity handgun propellant. Ideal for use in 45 Auto match applications. Consistent,clean, low flash and smoke are benefits to the shooter. Powder of choice for reloading AA shells. 231 As the most popular reload propellant, 231 is a pistol powder ideally suited to the 38 Special, 45 auto, and 9mm standard loads. Consistency, clean burning, low flash, and a broad range of applications make this a powder of choice on any pistol cartridge reloader’s shelf. WSF Super-Field® propellant is the propellant of choice for Winchester 20 gauge AA® Target Load and 12 gauge 3 3/4 dram equivalent Super-X® load. WSF is an ideal choice to maximize velocities in 12 gauge 1 1/8 oz. and 1 1/4 oz. loads. Super-Field also performs well in 38 Super, 9mm and 40 S&W pistol loads. Excellent propellant for fast shooting action pistol applications. 296 This propellant was developed for Winchester factory loaded ammunition for 357 magnum, 44 magnum and 410 bore. Its high loading density provides optimal velocity. 296 is also the powder type used by Winchester for factory loaded 410 bore AA loads. However, 296 is not suitable for most rifle cartridges. 748 748 is the powder of choice by Winchester and the U.S. military for 5.56mm and 223 Rem. ammunition. The low flame temperature of 748 extends barrel life versus other similar speed powders. -
2019 Catalog
2019 CATALOG AMERICA’S COMPANY AMERICA’S COMPANY AMERICA’S AMERICA’SAMMUNITION AMMUNITION TABLE OF CONTENTS PRODUCT LINES PMC in 2019 Vertical Integration Bronze Handgun Bronze Rifle X-TAC 3 4 6 10 14 X-TAC MATCH SFX Special Packaging Ballistics PMCAmmo.com 18 22 24 28 2 Through our dependability and customer service, we continue to bring our customers ammunition that exceeds their expectations, ensuring the highest quality ammunition at competitive prices. We will strive to expand our strong presence in the ammunition market. We ensure that the ammunition we provide uses the most advanced technology available. And, as technology continues to offer more innovations, we will still be mindful of the traditions and products that have brought us to where we are today. Our group of PMC professionals, enthusiasts, engineers, and shooters make for a formidable team, one of which we are very proud. Being a part of a team means that we look out for one another. This is why we listen to you and stand behind our products. We remain true to our customers and the values that form the foundation of our company. Regardless of the PMC ammunition you choose, you can always depend on our product quality measured by dependability, safety, performance, and downrange accuracy. Our Starfire line has been re-engineered and will be relaunched NEW as SFX. SFX meets existing law enforcement protocols. Its hyper- I N expanding hollow point is optimal for self-defense. 9SFX is currently 2019 available. 45SFX and 40SFX will be released later in 2019. 3 COMPLETE QUALITY CONTROL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Our supplier’s vertical integration philoso- PMC’s supplier owns and operates the phy allows for reliable quality control over brass mill that produces the brass strips every PMC component, each step of the from which all brass cartridge cups are way, in the manufacturing process.