Professor Shekhar Kumta
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The Prospects for Old-Age Income Security in Hong Kong and Singapore
1 London School of Economics and Political Science The prospects for old-age income security in Hong Kong and Singapore Ng Kok Hoe A thesis submitted to the Department of Social Policy at the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, September 2013 2 Declaration of Authorship I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 99,613 words. 3 Abstract Family support is the central pillar of old-age income security in Hong Kong and Singapore. But demographic ageing, among the fastest internationally, implies fewer adult children to provide support, while the public pension systems remain lean even by East Asian standards. Future elderly cohorts therefore face growing risks of financial hardship. This study examines the current extent of this problem, its prospects in the coming decades, and the possibilities of pension reform. It is unique in combining historical and prospective approaches towards policy causes and effects within a comparative framework. -
Ship-Breaking.Com Information Bulletins on Ship Demolition, # 15 - 18 from January 1St to December 31St, 2009
Ship-breaking.com Information bulletins on ship demolition, # 15 - 18 from January 1st to December 31st, 2009 Robin des Bois 2010 Ship-breaking.com Information bulletins on ship demolition Summary Global Statement 2009 : the threshold of 1,000 vessels is reached … 3 # 18, from September 25th to December 31st …..……………………........ 4 (The nuclear flea market, Europe : when there is a will there is a way, China, car ferries) # 17, from June 27th to September 24th …..………….……………………... 45 (Inconsistency in the United States, A good intention in the United Kingdom ?, the destocking continues) # 16, from April 4th to June 26th …...………………………………..………... 76 (MC Ruby, the economic crises continues, shaky policy in Bangladesh) # 15 fromJanuary 1st to April 3rd ……..……………………..………………. 101 (Goodbye Bangladesh, hello Philippines ?, car carriers, the rush continues) Press release January, 27th, 2010 Global statement 2009 of vessels sent to demolition : The threshold of 1,000 vessels is reached For four years, Robin des Bois has been studying the demolition market via the mobilisation and the analysis of over thirty different bibliographical sources. Robin des Bois counted 293 vessels sold for demolition in 2006, 288 in 2007 and 456 in 2008. In 2009, 1,006 vessels have left the waters, representing more than twice the 2008 total and three times the 2006 total. The total weight of recycled metal reached more than 8.2 million tons, five times the total amount of 2006. During this record year the pace of vessels leaving the oceans during the summer months has barely slowed down. The worldwide financial crisis weighed considerably on trade exchange; big ship owners have massively sent for demolition their oldest ships to adapt to the dropping of freight rates and to draw benefits from their recent ships. -
Shipbreaking # 48 – July 2017
Shipbreaking Bulletin of information and analysis on ship demolition # 48, from April 1 to June 30, 2017 July 31, 2017 Content Maersk, the French Maritime Authorities 2 Offshore: research, supply, 16 Container ship 50 and Justice sing a craddle song diving support, pipelayer Reefer 61 Rio Tagus 2 vessel Ro Ro 63 Bangladesh: demolition kills 3 Offshore platform 22 Bulker 65 Indonesia: demolition pollutes 4 Oil tanker 24 Car carrier 84 Overview, 2nd Quarter 2017 5 Chemical tanker 30 The END: 87 The converted 7 Gas carrier 32 Exile for the Silver Sky Factory-ship 10 Combinated carrier 35 Dredger 11 General cargo 36 Sources 90 Ferry 12 Aliaga, facing Lesbos 48 Stavronisi, sold to Bangladesh for 4.5 million US$ Delaware River (USA) under pilotage, December 30, 2010. © Capt D.I. Flokas Robin des Bois - 1 - Shipbreaking # 48 – July 2017 Maersk, French Maritime Authorities and Justice sing a "craddle song" During the night of December 21 to 22, 2016, the Maersk Searcher and Maersk Shipper sank off the coasts of Brittany, France, while they were sailing under tow and aside from Denmark to Aliaga, Turkey for demolition. As soon as December 23, according to the information provided by Maersk the French Maritime Authorities said the hulls had been decontaminated before departure. On January 4, 2017, after examining additional documents provided by Maersk, the authorities announced that each hull contains in average about 100 m3 of residual oil. On January 9, Robin des Bois editor of “Ship Breaking” filed a complaint against Maersk to the Court of Brest for release of polluting substances, for pollution of marine waters and for dumping waste. -
Ship-Breaking.Com Information Bulletins on Ship Demolition, # 12 - 14 from January 1St to December 31St, 2008
Ship-breaking.com Information bulletins on ship demolition, # 12 - 14 from January 1st to December 31st, 2008 Robin des Bois 2009 Press Release February 3rd 2009 Global Statement 2008 of shipping vessels Sent to Demolition For the third consecutive year, the association Robin des Bois has studied in detail the reality of the ship- breaking market through the mobilisation and the analysis of about thirty diverse and specialised bibliographical sources. In 2006, Robin des Bois tallied 293 vessels sold for demolition and 288 in 2007. In 2008, 456 vessels have left the ocean. This large increase of vessels to be demolished (+ 58%), follows suit with the total weight of recycled metals: 3.7 million ton in 2008 against 1.7 million in 2007, i.e. more than double. The flow of vessels leaving the oceans in 2008 was dense and even accelerated towards the end of the year. The prices offered by the Asian ship-breaking yards at the beginning of the year continued to rise up until summer, they reached record averaging prices of around 800 $ per ton. The ship-owners took advantage to sell old and/or large vessels, in particular a large number of VLCC tankers (Very Large Crude Carrier). During autumn, for a while the decrease in selling rates of metals and the financial crisis disorganised the ship-breaking market: uncertainty in prices, difficulties in obtaining the cash finances or the letters of credit slowed down transactions and negotiations. The result was that China became a more stable and attractive destination than their Indian subcontinent competitors. -
14 Ship-Breaking.Com
Information bulletin on February 3rd, 2009 ship demolition #14 September 22nd to December 31st 2008 Ship-breaking.com Cementco bulk carrier – Outbound Brisbane to Gladstone August 2007 – © Shipspotting Sold for demolition to Bangladesh by her Australian owner at the end of the year 2008. From September 22nd to December 31st 2008, 181 vessels have left to be demolished; the cumulative total of the demolitions will permit the recycling of more than 1.7 million tons of metal. During this period, India with 80 vessels (44%) to be demolished, is ahead of Bangladesh with 70 (39%), followed by China 20 (11%), and Pakistan 11 (6%). Bangladeshi ship-breaking yards prefer to buy high tonnage vessels; therefore Bangladesh is ahead of India with a total of 810,000 t of metal to be recycled compared with India at 570,000 t in 2008. Following record summer prices, the rates offered by ship-breakers started to decrease in September along with the fall of steel plate prices. At the end of September, vessels were still negociated at around 500 $ per ton, but the financial crisis, the restriction of credit facilities and the drop in freight rates all led to a collapse in demolition prices : compared to their highest level the prices were divided by three and fell back to their 2003 rates. In October, the difficulties in achieving transactions and uncertainty of prices on the Indian subcontinent resulted in China ranking for the first time as the number one destination of demolition. After some wavering weeks, transactions recovered and their rhythm accelerated during the last two months of the year.