Native Plant List for Migrating Birds

Home , Cornus rugosa, Lonicera canadensis, Parthenocissus inserta, Ribes americanum, Rubus occidentalis, Salix amygdaloides

Use this list to select plants that will attract and support migrating birds in your landscape 2

Photo: Virginia (Ginny) Sanderson Photo: Ann Harkness Cover Photo: Blackburnian WarblerCredit: BillMajoros move through thecity. be usedforplanningavarietyoflandscapeandgarden projects tohelpmigratingbirds asthey properties andotherurbanlocationscanprovide these essentialresources. Thisplantlistcan Increasing thenumberofnativeplantsinhomelandscapesandplantingbedsoncommercial Many birds willalsoaddberriesandseedsaspart oftheirdietduringfallmigration. example serviceberrysupports124speciesofcaterpillar, whilelilacsonlysupport40species. native species.Non-nativeplantssupportveryfewinsectspeciescompared tonativeones.For growing todependonthoseplantsforfood,shelterorotherresources notprovided bynon- site. Nativeinsectshaveevolvedwithnativeplantsoverhundreds orthousandsofyears,often as caterpillars,flies,beesandmidgestogivethemtheenergytraveltheirnextstopover provides foodandsaferesting places.Inspring,many birds rely onspidersand insectssuch Steep declinesinmanybird speciesmeansthere isaneedforhighqualitystopoverhabitatthat be protected from threats suchascats,collisionswithbuildingsandpoorfoodsupplies. movement, knownasmigration,birds needstopoverlocationswhere theycanrest, refuel and abundant insectsandlowercompetitioninCanadawhiletheyraisetheiryoung.Duringthis homes inthesouthandtheirbreeding grounds inthenorthsotheycantakeadvantageof the Creditbetweentheirwinter Riverwatershed.Theymaketheselonganddifficultjourneys During springandfallmore than120speciesoflandbirds movethrough theurbanregions of Bird MigrationandStopoverHabitat ca/prairiemeadowplants). for LandscapingandNative PrairieandMeadowPlantsforLandscaping(www.creditvalleyca. landscaping plantlists:Native Woodland Plants(www.creditvalleyca.ca/woodlandplants) For additionalplantinformationincludingpreferred soils,flowercoloursandmore, refer toCVC’s 3 4 the common and scientificnamesgiven. eachheightcategory,Within plantnamesare sortedalphabeticallybycommon name,withboth 2: Name • • • • • • • • plants from twoormore layersofvegetationcanincrease thenumberofbirds thatusethesite: In naturalwoodlandsandforests youwillnoticedifferent heightsorlayersofplants.Selecting 1: Height opportunities ingardens andlandscapedareas. The listhasbeendividedintosixcategories: This listrecommends plantsthatsupportmigratorybirds byproviding food,shelterandresting Choosing YourPlant Eastern BluebirdwithCedarWaxwings ground cover/vines very smallshrub(lessthan2m) small shrub(2to4m) medium shrubs(4to6m) large shrubs(6to10m) small trees (10to15m) medium trees (15to23m) tall trees (greater than23m)

Photo: Putneypics • • • • • during migration: the followingcharacteristics,whichcontributetoward providing food,shelterandresting sites benefit tomigratorybirds (onebeingthehighestrank).Rankingwasdetermined basedon Plants withineachheightcategoryhavebeenrankedtoshowwhichplantsprovide themost 3: Rank www.creditvalleyca.ca/plantselectionguide. complete listofapproved plantsforCVCplanningapplications andrestoration projects refer to: Credit Riverwatershed.Commonnativeplantsonthis listare thosewithoutanasterisk.Fora Restoration projects andthoserequiring aCVCpermitmustusecommonspecies nativetothe Restoration Projects and PlantinginRegulatedAreas timing andabundanceoffruitseeds number ofbird foragingguildsitcansupport support forbirds, smallmammals,beesorotherinsects number ofbutterflyandmothspeciessupported(duringlarvaladultstages) branch density 5 6 birds supported. Choosing plantsthatsupportseveralguildswillincrease thenumberanddiversityof • • • • • • • • • • • foraging guildslisted: habits. Thissectionindicateswhichbird foragingguildseachplantsupports.There are 11 Birds are sometimesgrouped intocategoriesorguildsbasedontheireatingforaging 5: ForagingGuild foraging preference. This sectionprovides examplesofbird familiesthatmayuseaplantbasedontheirfoodand 4: BirdFamiliesThatMayUsePlant Baltimore Oriole -Upper Canopy Frugivore Ground Frugivore –eatsfruitontheground e.g.finches Ground Grainivore –eatsseedsontheground e.g.sparrows Ground Insectivore –eatsinsectsontheground e.g.blackbirds Lower CanopyFrugivore –eatsfruitinthelowerpartoftrees andinshrubse.g.robins Lower CanopyGrainivore –eatsseedsinthelowerpartoftrees andinshrubse.g.cardinals Lower CanopyInsectivore –eatsinsectsinthelowerpartoftrees andinshrubse.g.chickadees Upper CanopyFrugivore –eatsfruithighinthetrees e.g.orioles Upper CanopyGrainivore –eatsseedshighinthetrees e.g.jays Upper CanopyInsectivore –eatsinsectshighinthe trees e.g.warblers Bark Insectivore –eatsinsectsonorbehindtree bark e.g.woodpeckers Aerial Insectivore –eatsinsectswhileflyingthrough the aire.g.swallows

Photo: Fyn Kynd Northern Flicker-GroundInsectivore Wilson’s Warbler - Upper Canopy Insectivore

Photo: Patty McGann Photo: John W. Iwanski Choke Cherryinbloom • • • When choosingplants: likelihood ofbird survivalduringthiscriticalperiod. food availablethroughout migrationandincrease the during springandfallmigrationwillmaximizethe Choosing agroup ofplantswithdifferent phenology spring andfallmigrations. flower andfruitwith respect toearly, midandlate It describeswhenaplantwillleaf-out,drop leaves, This sectionliststhetimingorphenologyofaplant. 6: PlantPhenology higher rank(closertoone) tomaximizethebenefityourplantinghasforbirds. For small-scaleprojects suchasbackyard landscaping,focusonchoosingplants witha of birds overtheentire length ofmigration. varying heightswithplants thatdevelopatdifferent timesinorder tosupportalargernumber For large-scaleprojects, such asforest restoration, focusoncreating adiversecanopyof lists, whichcontaininformationonsunexposure, soiltypeandmoisture. Seepage3. Make sure eachplantmatchesyoursiteconditionsbyreferring toCVC’s landscapingplant

Photo: Dan Mullen Choke Cherryberries Choke Cherrybuds 7

Photo: Carolannie Photo: Kent McFarland Examples of bird Spring Spring Spring Fall Fall families that may Migration Migration Migration Migration Migration use plant Foliage Flowering Fruiting Foliage Fruiting Photo: Bill Majoros Photo: Bill Majoros Photo: Bill Majoros Black-and-white Warbler Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Magnolia Warbler Aerial Insectivore Bark Insectivore Upper Canopy Insectivore Upper Canopy Grainivore Upper Canopy Frugivore Lower Canopy Insectivore Lower Canopy Grainivore Lower Canopy Frugivore Insectivore Ground Grainivore Ground Frugivore Ground

Common Name Scientific Name Rank Foraging Guild Mid Mid Mid Mid Mid Late Late Late Late Late Early Early Early Early Early

Flycatchers, Basswood, American Tilia americana 8 Creepers Warblers, Beech, American Fagus grandifolia 7 Jays Doves, Cottonwood, Eastern Populus deltoides ssp. deltoides 4 Wrens Waxwings, Hackberry, Common* Celtis occidentalis 6 Warblers Chickadees, Hemlock, Eastern Tsuga canadensis 9 Finches Creepers, Hickory, Bitternut Carya cordiformis 7 Flycatchers Kingfishers, Hickory, Shagbark Carya ovata 11 Vireos Nuthatches, Large Trees Large Maple, Black Acer nigrum 4 Warblers Gnatcatchers, Maple, Red Acer rubrum 1 Grosbeaks Sparrows, Maple, Silver Acer saccharinum 4 Finches Nuthatches, Maple, Sugar Acer saccharum 2 Warblers Woodpeckers, Oak, Black* Quercus velutina 3 Titmice Jays, Oak, Bur Quercus macrocarpa 10 Nuthatches

8 * Not for restoration or projects requiring a CVC permit, see p. 5. 9 Examples of bird Spring Spring Spring Fall Fall families that may Migration Migration Migration Migration Migration use plant Foliage Flowering Fruiting Foliage Fruiting Photo: Kelly Colgan Azar Photo: Bill Majoros Birds Photo: Mike’s Scarlet Tanager Black-throated Green Olive-sided Flycatcher

Warbler Aerial Insectivore Bark Insectivore Upper Canopy Insectivore Upper Canopy Grainivore Upper Canopy Frugivore Lower Canopy Insectivore Lower Canopy Grainivore Lower Canopy Frugivore Insectivore Ground Grainivore Ground Frugivore Ground

Common Name Scientific Name Rank Foraging Guild Mid Mid Mid Mid Mid Late Late Late Late Late Early Early Early Early Early

Wrens, Oak, Northern Red Quercus rubra 2 Gnatcatchers Mimics, Oak, Swamp White Quercus bicolor 5 Towhees Warblers, Oak, White Quercus alba 3 Sparrows Chickadees, Large Trees Large Pine, Eastern White Pinus strobus 3 Nuthatches Finches, Pine, Red* Pinus resinosa 5 Woodpeckers Wrens, Aspen, Large-tooth Populus grandidentata 6 Flycatchers Creepers, Aspen, Trembling Populus tremuloides 5 Kinglets Birch, Paper Chickadees, Betula papyrifera 2 Other name: White Birch Finches Warblers, Birch, Yellow Betula alleghaniensis 3 Sparrows Thrushes, Cedar, Eastern Red* Juniperus virginiana 1 Sparrows

Medium Trees Warblers, Cedar, Eastern White Thuja occidentalis 5 Woodpeckers Woodpeckers, Cherry, Wild Black Prunus serotina 3 Tanagers Warblers, Fir, Balsam Abies balsamea 1 Finches

10 * Not for restoration or projects requiring a CVC permit, see p. 5. 11 Examples of bird Spring Spring Spring Fall Fall families that may Migration Migration Migration Migration Migration use plant Foliage Flowering Fruiting Foliage Fruiting Photo: Kelly Colgan Azar Photo: Kelly Colgan Azar Photo: Bill Majoros Ruby-crowned Kinglet Purple Finch Blue-headed Vireo Aerial Insectivore Bark Insectivore Upper Canopy Insectivore Upper Canopy Grainivore Upper Canopy Frugivore Lower Canopy Insectivore Lower Canopy Grainivore Lower Canopy Frugivore Insectivore Ground Grainivore Ground Frugivore Ground

Common Name Scientific Name Rank Foraging Guild Mid Mid Mid Mid Mid Late Late Late Late Late Early Early Early Early Early

Creepers, Poplar, Balsam Populus balsamifera 5 Vireos Doves, Spruce, White Picea glauca 3 Finches Tamarack Sparrows, Larix laricina 2 Other name: American Larch Finches

Medium Trees Flycatchers, Willow, Peach-leaved* Salix amygdaloides 4 Warblers Blue-beech Kinglets, Carpinus caroliniana 6 Other name: Musclewood Vireos Thrushes, Cherry, Choke Prunus virginiana 1 Woodpeckers Mimics, Cherry, Pin Prunus pensylvanica 2 Waxwings Hop-hornbeam, Eastern Kinglets, Ostrya virginiana 5 Other name: Ironwood Vireos Small Trees Hummingbirds, Redbud, Eastern* Cercis canadensis 4 Cuckoos Grosbeaks, Sumac, Staghorn Rhus typhina 3 Cardinals

12 * Not for restoration or projects requiring a CVC permit, see p. 5. 13 Examples of bird Spring Spring Spring Fall Fall families that may Migration Migration Migration Migration Migration use plant Foliage Flowering Fruiting Foliage Fruiting Photo: Jeff Whitlock Photo: Jeff Photo: Dave Inman Photo: Kelly Colgan Azar Swainson’s Thrush Northern Shrike Fox Sparrow Aerial Insectivore Bark Insectivore Upper Canopy Insectivore Upper Canopy Grainivore Upper Canopy Frugivore Lower Canopy Insectivore Lower Canopy Grainivore Lower Canopy Frugivore Insectivore Ground Grainivore Ground Frugivore Ground

Common Name Scientific Name Rank Foraging Guild Mid Mid Mid Mid Mid Late Late Late Late Late Early Early Early Early Early

Alnus incana ssp. rugosa Warblers, Alder, Speckled 8 Former scientific name: Finches Alnus rugosa Waxwings, Dogwood, Alternate-leaved Cornus alternifolia 8 Grosbeaks Thrushes, Hawthorn, Cockspur Crataegus crus-galli 4 Shrikes Gnatcatchers, Maple, Mountain Acer spicatum 3 Sparrows Jays, Nannyberry Viburnum lentago 5 Orioles Thrushes, Plum, Canada Prunus nigra 7 Chickadees Mimics, Serviceberry, Downy Amelanchier arborea 1 Warblers Large Shrubs Large Serviceberry, Smooth Blackbirds, Amelanchier laevis 5 Other name: Allegheny Serviceberry Waxwings Kinglets, Willow, Bebb’s Salix bebbiana 5 Gnatcatchers Vireos, Willow, Pussy Salix discolor 2 Cuckoos Wrens, Willow, Shining* Salix lucida 6 Blackbirds Willow, Wooly Sparrows, Salix eriocephala 6 Other name: Heart-leaved Willow Finches

14 * Not for restoration or projects requiring a CVC permit, see p. 5. 15 Examples of bird Spring Spring Spring Fall Fall families that may Migration Migration Migration Migration Migration use plant Foliage Flowering Fruiting Foliage Fruiting Photo: Syd Phillips Photo: Bill Majoros Photo: Kelly Colgan Azar Hermit Thrush Wilson’s Warbler Palm Warbler Aerial Insectivore Bark Insectivore Upper Canopy Insectivore Upper Canopy Grainivore Upper Canopy Frugivore Lower Canopy Insectivore Lower Canopy Grainivore Lower Canopy Frugivore Insectivore Ground Grainivore Ground Frugivore Ground

Common Name Scientific Name Rank Foraging Guild Mid Mid Mid Mid Mid Late Late Late Late Late Early Early Early Early Early

Viburnum opulus spp. trilobum Mimics, Cranberry, Highbush 1 Former scientific name: Waxwings Viburnum trilobum

Mimics, Dogwood, Gray Cornus racemosa 1 Sparrows Cornus stolonifera Bluebirds, Dogwood, Red-osier 7 Former scientific name: Sparrows Cornus sericea Thrushes, Dogwood, Round-leaved Cornus rugosa 5 Cardinals Sparrows, Dogwood, Silky* Cornus amomum 9 Blackbirds Elderberry, Canada Flycatchers, Sambucus canadensis 2 Other name: Common Elderberry Titmice Sambucus racemosa Thrushes, Elderberry, Red 8 Medium Shrubs Former scientific name: Warblers Sambucus pubens Jays, Hazelnut, Beaked Corylus cornuta 11 Blackbirds Thrushes, Hobblebush* Viburnum lantanoides 7 Warblers Hummingbirds, Ninebark, Eastern* Physocarpus opulifolius var. opulifolius 4 Vireos Waxwings, Saskatoon* Amelanchier alnifolia 2 Orioles Thrushes, Serviceberry, Round-leaved Amelanchier sanguinea 10 Tanagers

16 * Not for restoration or projects requiring a CVC permit, see p. 5. 17 Examples of bird Spring Spring Spring Fall Fall families that may Migration Migration Migration Migration Migration use plant Foliage Flowering Fruiting Foliage Fruiting Photo: Kelly Colgan Azar Photo: Bill Majoros Photo: John Mattherws White-crowned Sparrow Canada Warbler Northern Rough-winged

Swallow Aerial Insectivore Bark Insectivore Upper Canopy Insectivore Upper Canopy Grainivore Upper Canopy Frugivore Lower Canopy Insectivore Lower Canopy Grainivore Lower Canopy Frugivore Insectivore Ground Grainivore Ground Frugivore Ground

Common Name Scientific Name Rank Foraging Guild Mid Mid Mid Mid Mid Late Late Late Late Late Early Early Early Early Early

Hummingbirds, Spicebush* Lindera benzoin 6 Orioles Jays, Sumac, Fragrant* Rhus aromatica 2 Warblers Viburnum nudum Wild-raisin* Jays, Former scientific name: 10 Other name: Smooth Witherod Warblers Viburnum cassanoides

Medium Shrubs Winterberry Thrushes, Ilex verticillata 2 Other name: Black Holly Towhees Thrushes, Arrowwood, Downy* Viburnum rafinesquianum 8 Waxwings Thrushes, Bush-honeysuckle, Northern Diervilla lonicera 9 Swallows Flycatchers, Chokeberry, Black* Aronia melanocarpa 6 Vireos Swallows, Current, Wild Black Ribes americanum 3 Hummingbirds Bluebirds, Gooseberry, Prickly Ribes cynosbati 2 Vireos

Small Shrubs Warblers, Honeysuckle, Canada Fly Lonicera canadensis 10 Sparrows Waxwings, Juniper, Creeping* Juniperus horizontalis 4 Flycatchers Juniper, Ground* Waxwings, Juniperus communis 6 Other name: Common Juniper Kinglets

18 * Not for restoration or projects requiring a CVC permit, see p. 5. 19 Examples of bird Spring Spring Spring Fall Fall families that may Migration Migration Migration Migration Migration use plant Foliage Flowering Fruiting Foliage Fruiting Photo: Syd Phillips Photo: Kelly Colgan Azar Photo: Kelly Colgan Azar Eastern Bluebird Lincoln’s Sparrow Winter Wren Aerial Insectivore Bark Insectivore Upper Canopy Insectivore Upper Canopy Grainivore Upper Canopy Frugivore Lower Canopy Insectivore Lower Canopy Grainivore Lower Canopy Frugivore Insectivore Ground Grainivore Ground Frugivore Ground

Common Name Scientific Name Rank Foraging Guild Mid Mid Mid Mid Mid Late Late Late Late Late Early Early Early Early Early

Finches, Meadowsweet, White Spiraea alba 1 Wrens Kinglets, New Jersey Tea* Ceanothus americanus 4 Flycatchers Mimics, Raspberry, Black Rubus occidentalis 2 Towhees Towhees, Raspberry, Purple-flowering Rubus odoratus 4 Tanagers Sparrows, Raspberry, Wild Red Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus 5 Tanagers Swallows, Rose, Carolina* Rosa carolina spp. carolina 5 Thrushes Waxwings, Rose, Smooth Rosa blanda 7 Kinglets

Small Shrubs Amelanchier spicata Serviceberry, Low Bluebirds, Former scientific name: 4 Other name: Running Serviceberry Towhees Amelanchier stolonifera Cuckoos, Snowberry, Common* Symphoricarpos albus var. albus 5 Bluebirds Spiraea, Hardhack* Flycatchers, Spiraea tomentosa 6 Other name: Steeplebush Sparrows Finches, St. John’s-wort, Kalm* Hypericum kalmianum 7 Towhees Chickadees, Viburnum, Maple-leaf Viburnum acerifolium 2 Orioles

20 * Not for restoration or projects requiring a CVC permit, see p. 5. 21 Examples of bird Spring Spring Spring Fall Fall families that may Migration Migration Migration Migration Migration use plant Foliage Flowering Fruiting Foliage Fruiting Photo: Kelly Colgan Azar Photo: JanetandPhi Photo: Kelly Colgan Azar Rusty Blackbird Sedge Wren Barn Swallow Aerial Insectivore Bark Insectivore Upper Canopy Insectivore Upper Canopy Grainivore Upper Canopy Frugivore Lower Canopy Insectivore Lower Canopy Grainivore Lower Canopy Frugivore Insectivore Ground Grainivore Ground Frugivore Ground

Common Name Scientific Name Rank Foraging Guild Mid Mid Mid Mid Mid Late Late Late Late Late Early Early Early Early Early

Hummingbirds, Bittersweet, American Celastrus scandens 3 Finches Creeper, Thicket Warblers, Parthenocissus inserta 3 Other name: Virginia Creeper Sparrows Bluebirds, Creeper, Virginia* Parthenocissus quinquefolia 3 Mimics Mimics, Dewberry, Northern* Rubus flagellaris 2 Sparrows Mimics, Grape, Riverbank Vitis riparia 1 Orioles Swallows, Partridge-berry* Mitchella repens 4 Wrens

Ground cover/Vines Ground Swallows, Strawberry Bush, Running* Euonymus obovatus 5 Bluebirds Virgin’s-bower* Swallows, Clematis virginiana 4 Other name: Virginia Virgin’s-bower Blackbirds Wintergreen Swallows, Gaultheria procumbens 5 Other name: Eastern Teaberry Wrens

22 * Not for restoration or projects requiring a CVC permit, see p. 5. 23 Sources

• 2013. Adams, George. Gardening for the Birds: How to Create a Bird-Friendly Backyard. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. • 2014. Evergreen Native Plant Database (nativeplants.evergreen.ca/). Toronto, Ontario: Evergreen Brick Works. • 1988. Hightshoe, Gary. Native Trees, Shrubs, and Vines for Urban and Rural America. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. • 2014 (last accessed). Plant Finder (www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/plantfinder/ plantfindersearch.aspx). St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Gardens. • 2009. Tallamy, Douglas. Bringing Nature Home: How You Can Sustain Wildlife with Native

Tree Swallows Photo: Bryant Olson Plants. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. • 2014 (last accessed). USDA, NRCS. The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Baton Additional Resources Rouge, LA: National Plant Data Center. Birds: • CVC’s Native Plant List for Breeding Birds (www.creditvalleyca.ca/plantsforbreedingbirds) Credit Valley Conservation landscaping information and programs • Cornell Lab of Ornithology bird guide (www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/search) CVC offers programs and resources that support native plant gardening, landscaping and • Celebrate Urban Birds (celebrateurbanbirds.org/) naturalization. • Bird Studies Canada (bsc-eoc.org/)

Your Green Yard offers workshops and presentations on native plant gardening and landscaping • FLAP (www.flap.org/) to local residents within the Credit River watershed. www.creditvalleyca.ca/ygy Gardens:

Greening Corporate Grounds offers advice, landscape concept plans and planting events to • How to Create Bird Friendly Gardens (www.creditvalleyca.ca/birdgardens) businesses and institutions within the Credit River watershed. • Native Woodland Garden for Homes (www.creditvalleyca.ca/reswoodland) www.creditvalleyca.ca/gcg • Native Woodland and Forest Plantings for Businesses and Institutions (www.creditvalleyca.ca/corpwoodland) Countryside Stewardship offers workshops as well as technical and financial assistance to • Native Prairie and Meadow Gardens and Landscapes for Homes, Businesses and Institutions support rural environmental stewardship. (www.creditvalleyca.ca/prairiemeadow) www.creditvalleyca.ca/countrysidestewardship • Yard Map (http://content.yardmap.org/) For additional landscaping fact sheets and resources, visit www.creditvalleyca.ca/landscaping

This is a list of landbirds that have been recorded during spring and fall migration in urban areas within the Credit River watershed. Use this checklist to keep track of birds you see throughout spring and fall migration in your backyard, at work or around the city.

Vultures Hummingbirds Jays and Crows Thrushes American Redstart Northern Cardinal Turkey Vulture Ruby-throated Hummingbird Blue Jay Eastern Bluebird Cape May Warbler Rose-breasted Grosbeak American Crow Veery Cerulean Warbler Indigo Bunting Ospreys Kingfishers Swainson’s Thrush Northern Parula Larks Osprey Belted Kingfisher Hermit Thrush Magnolia Warbler Blackbirds and Orioles Horned Lark Wood Thrush Blackburnian Warbler Bobolink Hawks Woodpeckers American Robin Yellow Warbler Red-winged Blackbird Martins and Swallows Northern Harrier Red-bellied Woodpecker Chestnut-sided Warbler Eastern Meadowlark Purple Martin Sharp-shinned Hawk Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Mimics (Mockingbirds Blackpoll Warbler Rusty Blackbird Tree Swallow Cooper’s Hawk Downy Woodpecker and Thrashers) Black-throated Blue Warbler Common Grackle Northern Rough-winged Swallow Red-tailed Hawk Hairy Woodpecker Gray Catbird Palm Warbler Brown-headed Cowbird Bank Swallow Northern Flicker Brown Thrasher Pine Warbler Orchard Oriole Cliff Swallow Plovers Pileated Woodpecker Northern Mockingbird Yellow-rumped Warbler Baltimore Oriole Barn Swallow Killdeer Black-throated Green Warbler Falcons Starlings Canada Warbler Finches Chickadees Sandpipers American Kestrel European Starling* Wilson’s Warbler House Finch* Black-capped Chickadee American Woodcock Merlin Purple Finch Peregrine Falcon Waxwings New World Sparrows White-winged Crossbill Nuthatches Pigeons and Doves Cedar Waxwing Eastern Towhee Pine Siskin Red-breasted Nuthatch Rock Pigeon Tyrant Flycatchers American Tree Sparrow American Goldfinch White-breasted Nuthatch Mourning Dove Eastern Wood-pewee Buntings Chipping Sparrow Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Snow Bunting Field Sparrow Old World Sparrows Creepers Cuckoos Alder Flycatcher Vesper Sparrow Brown Creeper House Sparrow* Black-billed Cuckoo Willow Flycatcher Wood Warblers Savannah Sparrow Least Flycatcher Ovenbird Wrens Fox Sparrow Owls Eastern Phoebe Northern Waterthrush House Wren Song Sparrow Eastern Screech Owl Great Crested Flycatcher Blue-winged Warbler Winter Wren Lincoln’s Sparrow Eastern Kingbird Black-and-white Warbler Carolina Wren Swamp Sparrow Nightjars Tennessee Warbler White-throated Sparrow Vireos Common Nighthawk Gnatcatchers Nashville Warbler White-crowned Sparrow Blue-headed Vireo Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Connecticut Warbler Dark-eyed Junco Swifts Philadelphia Vireo Mourning Warbler Chimney Swift Warbling Vireo Kinglets Common Yellowthroat Cardinals * Non-native species Red-eyed Vireo Golden-crowned Kinglet Hooded Warbler Scarlet Tanager Ruby-crowned Kinglet

26 27 Photo: Fyn Kynd

1255 Old Derry Road Mississauga, Ontario L5N 6R4 Phone: 905-670-1615 Photo: James Dale Toll Free: 1-800-668-5557 Fax: 905-670-2210 Website: www.creditvalleyca.ca Email: [email protected] creditvalleyca.ca/facebook @cvc_ca photo: Alice Kong