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Труды Бгу 2014, Том 9, Часть 2 Удк 597.063:591.531.19:630.176.322(476)

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Труды Бгу 2014, Том 9, Часть 2 Удк 597.063:591.531.19:630.176.322(476) Труды БГУ 2014, том 9, часть 2 УДК 597.063:591.531.19:630.176.322(476) СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ИЗУЧЕННОСТИ ТАКСОНОМИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА НАСЕКОМЫХ-ФИЛЛОФАГОВ ДУБА ЧЕРЕШЧАТОГО (QUERCUS ROBUR L.) В БЕЛАРУСИ Е.М. Сетракова Белорусский государственный университет, Минск, Беларусь e-mail: [email protected] Введение Целью данной работы являлось установление таксономического состава комплекса насекомых-филлофагов дуба черешчатого (Q. robur) на территории Беларуси. Дуб черешчатый является одной из самых ценных древесных пород, как в Беларуси, так и за ее пределами [1]. Древесина дуба на протяжении многих веков широко использовалась для самых разных целей и отраслей промышленности, и ценилась намного выше древесины большинства других деревьев. Дуб черешчатый является также и лекарственным, декоративным и фитомелиоративным растением. Дуб черешчатый распространен по всей территории Беларуси и особенно часто встречается в ее южной части [2, 3]. Исследования, проведенные в Министерстве лесного хозяйства (Белгослес) наглядно демонстрируют, что в Беларуси существует проблема сокращения лесных насаждений с участием дуба. Так, за последние 40 лет, доля дубрав в нашей стране сократилась с 4,8 до 3,5%. [4]. Обстоятельства этому способствующие до конца пока не выяснены. Одной из причин этого явления, по нашему мнению, может быть поражение дуба насекомыми-вредителями. Насекомые развиваются на многих частях дуба, в различной степени повреждая его древесину, цветы, плоды, корни и листву. Однако, первичной проблемой, приводящей к общему ослаблению дуба черешчатого, считается формирование комплекса насекомых- филлофагов [5]. В результате питания насекомых-филлофагов возникает дефицит листьев, что приводит к временному подавлению многих жизненных процессов либо к гибели дерева. В конечном итоге для лесного хозяйства это чревато прямыми экономическими потерями, в виде потери древесины за счет уменьшения прироста, а также за счет усыхания (отмирания) части или всего древостоя. Существенным также считается и уменьшение плодоношения на поврежденных участках [6, 7]. Кроме того, на ослабленном организме растения формируется сопутствующий вторичный комплекс фитофагов и возбудителей заболеваний, что в конечном итоге и приводит к гибели растения. Целенаправленных исследований взаимосвязи дуба черешчатого со всем комплексом насекомых-филлофагов в Беларуси до настоящего времени не проводилось, имеются работы лишь по массовым видам вредителей (ссылки приведены далее по тексту). Также существуют отдельные работы, в которых приводятся фрагментарные списки видов равнокрылых, жесткокрылых, чешуекрылых и различных таксонов галообразователей, обитающих на Q. robur, а также работы по отдельным таксономическим группам, в которых приводятся сведения относительно питания вида на Q. robur. Методы исследования Сбор фаунистического материала производился в период с 2012 по 2014 года на территории всех административных областей Беларуси, а также всех геоботанических округов. Основными методами являлись кошение энтомологическим сачком и ручной сбор. Весь собранный материал этикетировался и помещался на ватные слои. В дальнейшем, при камеральной обработке применялись традиционные для каждой группы методы. Так как целью данного исследования являлось установление таксономического состава насекомых- филлофагов дуба черешчатого, то соответственно в данной работе приведены результаты 236 Труды БГУ 2014, том 9, часть 2 сборов носивших качественный характер. В итоге в данной работе объеденены результаты собственных исследований и ранее опубликованные данные. Результаты и обсуждение Как показал проведенный нами анализ к настоящему времени в Беларуси зарегистрировано 268 видов насекомых-филлофагов Q. robur, список которых приводится ниже с указанием соответствующего литературного источника. Таксономическая структура приведена согласно электронному каталогу «Fauna Europaea» [8]. Отряд Lepidoptera. Надсемейство Eriocranioidea. Семейство Eriocraniidae. Dyseriocrania subpurpurella (Haworth, 1828) (=Eriocrania subpurpurella) [9]. Надсемейство Nepticuloidea. Семейство Nepticulidae. Подсемейство Nepticulinae. Триба Nepticulini. Stigmella ruficapitella (Haworth, 1828) [10]; Stigmella samiatella (Zeller, 1839) [11]; Stigmella atricapitella (Haworth, 1828) [11, 12]. Надсемейство Tischerioidea. Семейство Tischeriidae. Tischeria ekebladella (Bjerkander, 1795) [10, 13]; Tischeria decidua Wocke, 1876 [10, 12, 13]; Tischeria dodonaea Stainton, 1858 [11]. Надсемейство Adeloidea. Семейство Heliozelidae. Heliozela sericiella (Haworth, 1828) (=Heliozela stanneella) [10, 13]. Семейство Incurvariidae. Подсемейство Incurvariinae. Incurvaria masculella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) [10, 13]; Incurvaria pectinea Haworth, 1828 [10, 13]. Семейство Adelidae. Подсемейство Adelinae. Adela reaumurella (Linnaeus, 1758) [10]. Надсемейство Tineoidea. Семейство Psychidae. Подсемейство Oiketicinae. Триба Phalacropterygini. Sterrhopterix fusca (Haworth, 1809) (=Sterrhopteryx hirsutella) [10]. Надсемейство Yponomeutoidea. Семейство Argyresthiidae. Argyresthia (Argyresthia) retinella Zeller, 1839 (=Argyresthia retinella) [10]. Надсемейство Gracillarioidea. Семейство Gracillariidae. Подсемейство Lithocolletinae. Phyllonorycter quercifoliella (Zeller, 1839) (=Lithocolletis quercifoliella) [10, 13, 14]. Подсемейство Gracillariinae. Acrocercops brongniardella (Fabricius, 1798) [9, 10, 13], (=Coriscium brongniardellum) [12]; Caloptilia alchimiella (Scopoli, 1763) [10, 13]. Надсемейство Gelechioidea. Семейство Coleophoridae. Coleophora anatipenella (Hübner, 1796) [10]. Семейство Chimabachidae. Diurnea lipsiella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (=Diurnea phryganella) [10]. Семейство Peleopodidae. Carcina quercana (Fabricius, 1775) [10]. Семейство Gelechiidae. Подсемейство Gelechiinae. Триба Gelechiini. Psoricoptera gibbosella (Zeller, 1839) [10, 13]. Триба Teleiodini. Pseudotelphusa paripunctella (Thunberg, 1794) [10, 13]. Надсемейство Tortricoidea. Семейство Tortricidae. Подсемейство Tortricinae. Триба Archipini. Pandemis corylana (Fabricius, 1794) [10, 13, 15]; Pandemis heparana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) [10, 13, 15, 16]; Pandemis cerasana (Hübner, 1786) (=Pandemis ribeana) [15, 17]; Choristoneura diversana (Hübner, 1817) [10, 13]; Choristoneura hebenstreitella (Muller, 1764) (=Choristoneura sorbiana) [10, 13]; Archips xylosteana (Linnaeus, 1758) [10, 13, 15]; Archips crataegana (Hübner, 1799) [10, 13, 15, 16]; Archips podana (Scopoli, 1763) [15]; Archips rosana (Linnaeus, 1758) [15], (=Cacoecia rosana) [17]; Ptycholoma lecheana (Linnaeus, 1758) [10], (=Ptycholoma lecheanum) [15]; Syndemis musculana (Hübner, 1799) [15]; Clepsis rurinana (Linnaeus, 1758) (=Clepsis semialbana) [15]; Adoxophyes orana (Fischer v. Röslerstamm, 1834) (=Adoxophyes reticulana) [15]. Триба Ramapesiini. Paramesia gnomana (Clerck, 1759) [10, 15]; Epagoge grotiana (Fabricius, 1781) [10, 13, 15]. Триба Euliini. Eulia ministrana (Linnaeus, 1758) [15]. Триба Tortricini. Aleimma loeflingiana (Linnaeus, 1758) [10, 13, 15]; Tortrix viridana Linnaeus, 1758 [10, 12, 13, 15–19]; Acleris sparsana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) [10, 13]; 237 Труды БГУ 2014, том 9, часть 2 Acleris notana (Donovan, 1806) (=Acleris tripunctana) [10]; Acleris ferrugana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) [10, 13]; Acleris variegana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) [15]. Подсемейство Olethreutinae. Триба Grapholitini. Cydia splendana (Hübner, 1799) (=Laspeyresia splendana) [10, 15]. Триба Eucosmini. Spilonota ocellana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) [10, 13, 15], (=Tmetocera ocellana) [17]; Notocelia cynosbatella (Linnaeus, 1758) (=Pardia cynosbatella) [10]; Notocelia roborana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) [10]; Gypsonoma dealbana (Frölich, 1828) [10, 13, 15]; Zeiraphera isertana (Fabricius, 1794) [10, 13]; Epinotia nisella (Clerck, 1759) [10]; Epinotia tenerana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) [15]. Триба Enarmoniini. Ancylis mitterbacheriana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) [10, 13, 15]; Ancylis upupana (Treitschke, 1835) [10]; Ancylis achatana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) [10, 15]. Триба Olethreutini. Eudemis profundana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) [10, 13]; Apotomis turbidana Hübner, 1825 [15]; Orthotaenia undulana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) [15]; Olethreutes arcuella (Clerck, 1759) [15]; Celypha lacunana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (=Argyroploce lacunana) [15]. Надсемейство Pyraloidea. Семейство Pyralidae. Подсемейство Phycitinae. Триба Phycitini. Acrobasis consociella (Hübner, 1813) [10, 13]; Elegia similella (Zincken, 1818) (=Microthrix similella) [10, 13]. Подсемейство Pyralinae. Триба Endotrichini. Endotricha flammealis (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) [10, 13]. Семейство Crambidae. Подсемейство Spilomelinae. Agrotera nemoralis (Scopoli, 1763) [10, 13]. Надсемейство Zygaenoidea. Семейство Limacodidae. Подсемейство Limacodinae. Apoda limacodes (Hufnagel, 1766) (=Cochlidion avellana) [10]; Heterogenea asella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) [10]. Семейство Zygaenidae. Подсемейство Procridinae. Триба Procridini. Rhagades (Rhagades) pruni (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (=Procris pruni) [10, 13]. Надсемейство Geometroidea. Семейство Geometridae. Подсемейство Alsophilinae. Alsophila aescularia (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) [10, 13]. Подсемейство Geometrinae. Триба Comibaenini. Comibaena bajularia (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (=Comibaena pustulata) [10]. Триба Hemitheini. Hemithea aestivaria (Hübner, 1789) (=Hemithea strigata) [10]. Подсемейство Sterrhinae. Триба Cosymbiini. Cyclophora (Cyclophora) pendularia (Clerck, 1759) (=Cosymbia pendularia) [10]; Cyclophora (Codonia) porata
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