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The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a New Look at Musical Instrument Classification
The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a new look at musical instrument classification by Roderic C. Knight, Professor of Ethnomusicology Oberlin College Conservatory of Music, © 2015, Rev. 2017 Introduction The year 2015 marks the beginning of the second century for Hornbostel-Sachs, the venerable classification system for musical instruments, created by Erich M. von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs as Systematik der Musikinstrumente in 1914. In addition to pursuing their own interest in the subject, the authors were answering a need for museum scientists and musicologists to accurately identify musical instruments that were being brought to museums from around the globe. As a guiding principle for their classification, they focused on the mechanism by which an instrument sets the air in motion. The idea was not new. The Indian sage Bharata, working nearly 2000 years earlier, in compiling the knowledge of his era on dance, drama and music in the treatise Natyashastra, (ca. 200 C.E.) grouped musical instruments into four great classes, or vadya, based on this very idea: sushira, instruments you blow into; tata, instruments with strings to set the air in motion; avanaddha, instruments with membranes (i.e. drums), and ghana, instruments, usually of metal, that you strike. (This itemization and Bharata’s further discussion of the instruments is in Chapter 28 of the Natyashastra, first translated into English in 1961 by Manomohan Ghosh (Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, v.2). The immediate predecessor of the Systematik was a catalog for a newly-acquired collection at the Royal Conservatory of Music in Brussels. The collection included a large number of instruments from India, and the curator, Victor-Charles Mahillon, familiar with the Indian four-part system, decided to apply it in preparing his catalog, published in 1880 (this is best documented by Nazir Jairazbhoy in Selected Reports in Ethnomusicology – see 1990 in the timeline below). -
The World Atlas of Musical Instruments
Musik_001-004_GB 15.03.2012 16:33 Uhr Seite 3 (5. Farbe Textschwarz Auszug) The World Atlas of Musical Instruments Illustrations Anton Radevsky Text Bozhidar Abrashev & Vladimir Gadjev Design Krassimira Despotova 8 THE CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUMENTS THE STUDY OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, their history, evolution, construction, and systematics is the subject of the science of organology. Its subject matter is enormous, covering practically the entire history of humankind and includes all cultural periods and civilizations. The science studies archaeological findings, the collections of ethnography museums, historical, religious and literary sources, paintings, drawings, and sculpture. Organology is indispensable for the development of specialized museum and amateur collections of musical instruments. It is also the science that analyzes the works of the greatest instrument makers and their schools in historical, technological, and aesthetic terms. The classification of instruments used for the creation and performance of music dates back to ancient times. In ancient Greece, for example, they were divided into two main groups: blown and struck. All stringed instruments belonged to the latter group, as the strings were “struck” with fingers or a plectrum. Around the second century B. C., a separate string group was established, and these instruments quickly acquired a leading role. A more detailed classification of the three groups – wind, percussion, and strings – soon became popular. At about the same time in China, instrument classification was based on the principles of the country’s religion and philosophy. Instruments were divided into eight groups depending on the quality of the sound and on the material of which they were made: metal, stone, clay, skin, silk, wood, gourd, and bamboo. -
Draft List of Terms for Supplemental Unit and Activities Unit
Further Research for Turkish Music The modern Republic of Turkey is in a part of the world that has been home to many groups of people. Coastal Anatolia was home to the ancient city of Troy, the Greek colonies in Ionia, and the Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire. At its largest, the Ottoman Empire included parts of North Africa, Eastern Europe, Anatolia, and a large area of the Middle East, including Mecca and Medina in the Arabian Peninsula. Because the Ottomans allowed the different peoples living under the Sultan to keep their culture and Religion, they kept their identities. Because of this, people from all of these areas are still living in modern Turkey. Istanbul, the largest and most cosmopolitan city, has populations of Turks, Greeks, Kurds, Arabs, Armenians, Persians, Roma, and Bulgarians, just to name a few. Music is an excellent window into the culture and society of a particular people, or in this case a particular area. We can use many of the topics that come up in talking about music to expand our knowledge of the people who play the music in addition to the music itself. Here, we will explore some of the important terms that came up when we looked at a few of the instruments in Turkey. Some important questions to ask about music and music making: This list is far from complete. It is a good example of the kinds of questions we can ask about music to learn more about it. What: What is the music for? What does the music sound like? What do the players and audiences find important about the music? Who: -
Karlheinz Stockhausen: Works for Ensemble English
composed 137 works for ensemble (2 players or more) from 1950 to 2007. SCORES , compact discs, books , posters, videos, music boxes may be ordered directly from the Stockhausen-Verlag . A complete list of Stockhausen ’s works and CDs is available free of charge from the Stockhausen-Verlag , Kettenberg 15, 51515 Kürten, Germany (Fax: +49 [0 ] 2268-1813; e-mail [email protected]) www.stockhausen.org Karlheinz Stockhausen Works for ensemble (2 players or more) (Among these works for more than 18 players which are usu al ly not per formed by orches tras, but rath er by cham ber ensem bles such as the Lon don Sin fo niet ta , the Ensem ble Inter con tem po rain , the Asko Ensem ble , or Ensem ble Mod ern .) All works which were composed until 1969 (work numbers ¿ to 29) are pub lished by Uni ver sal Edi tion in Vien na, with the excep tion of ETUDE, Elec tron ic STUD IES I and II, GESANG DER JÜNGLINGE , KON TAKTE, MOMENTE, and HYM NEN , which are pub lished since 1993 by the Stock hau sen -Ver lag , and the renewed compositions 3x REFRAIN 2000, MIXTURE 2003, STOP and START. Start ing with work num ber 30, all com po si tions are pub lished by the Stock hau sen -Ver lag , Ket ten berg 15, 51515 Kürten, Ger ma ny, and may be ordered di rect ly. [9 ’21”] = dura tion of 9 min utes and 21 sec onds (dura tions with min utes and sec onds: CD dura tions of the Com plete Edi tion ). -
Vprom User Manual
EPROM DRUMS www.alyjameslab.com USER MANUAL 2.0 BY Aly James ©2014-2016 ALYJAMESLAB TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................. 3 WHAT’S NEW IN V2.0? .................................................................................................................. 6 INSTALLATION............................................................................................................................... 7 CONTROL PANELS ........................................................................................................................10 THE AM6070 DAC.........................................................................................................................13 SAMPLE TUNING ..........................................................................................................................17 THE HIHAT CASE...........................................................................................................................20 MAIN PANEL ................................................................................................................................21 CEM FILTERS ................................................................................................................................22 SETTINGS .....................................................................................................................................24 EPROM LOADING .........................................................................................................................26 -
Developing Sound Spatialization Tools for Musical Applications with Emphasis on Sweet Spot and Off-Center Perception
Sweet [re]production: Developing sound spatialization tools for musical applications with emphasis on sweet spot and off-center perception Nils Peters Music Technology Area Department of Music Research Schulich School of Music McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada October 2010 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. c 2010 Nils Peters 2010/10/26 i Abstract This dissertation investigates spatial sound production and reproduction technology as a mediator between music creator and listener. Listening experiments investigate the per- ception of spatialized music as a function of the listening position in surround-sound loud- speaker setups. Over the last 50 years, many spatial sound rendering applications have been developed and proposed to artists. Unfortunately, the literature suggests that artists hardly exploit the possibilities offered by novel spatial sound technologies. Another typical drawback of many sound rendering techniques in the context of larger audiences is that most listeners perceive a degraded sound image: spatial sound reproduction is best at a particular listening position, also known as the sweet spot. Structured in three parts, this dissertation systematically investigates both problems with the objective of making spatial audio technology more applicable for artistic purposes and proposing technical solutions for spatial sound reproductions for larger audiences. The first part investigates the relationship between composers and spatial audio tech- nology through a survey on the compositional use of spatialization, seeking to understand how composers use spatialization, what spatial aspects are essential and what functionali- ties spatial audio systems should strive to include. The second part describes the development process of spatializaton tools for musical applications and presents a technical concept. -
Quantum Leap Stormdrum 3 Manual
Quantum Leap Stormdrum 3 Virtual Instrument Users’ Manual QUANTUM LEAP STORMDRUM 3 VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT The information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not rep- resent a commitment on the part of East West Sounds, Inc. The software and sounds described in this document are subject to License Agreements and may not be copied to other media. No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced or otherwise transmitted or recorded, for any purpose, without prior written permission by East West Sounds, Inc. All product and company names are ™ or ® trademarks of their respective owners. Solid State Logic (SSL) Channel Strip, Transient Shaper, and Stereo Compressor licensed from Solid State Logic. SSL and Solid State Logic are registered trademarks of Red Lion 49 Ltd. © East West Sounds, Inc., 2013. All rights reserved. East West Sounds, Inc. 6000 Sunset Blvd. Hollywood, CA 90028 USA 1-323-957-6969 voice 1-323-957-6966 fax For questions about licensing of products: [email protected] For more general information about products: [email protected] http://support.soundsonline.com ii QUANTUM LEAP STORMDRUM 3 VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT 1. Welcome 2 About EastWest and Quantum Leap 3 Producer: Nick Phoenix 4 Percussionist: Mickey Hart 5 Credits 6 How to Use This and the Other Manuals 7 Online Documentation and Other Resources Click on this text to open the Master Navigation Document 1 QUANTUM LEAP STORMDRUM 3 VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT Welcome About EastWest and Quantum Leap Founder and producer Doug Rogers has over 35 years experience in the audio industry and is the recipient of many recording industry awards including “Recording Engineer of the Year.” In 2005, “The Art of Digital Music” named him one of “56 Visionary Artists & Insiders” in the book of the same name. -
Piano Manufacturing an Art and a Craft
Nikolaus W. Schimmel Piano Manufacturing An Art and a Craft Gesa Lücker (Concert pianist and professor of piano, University for Music and Drama, Hannover) Nikolaus W. Schimmel Piano Manufacturing An Art and a Craft Since time immemorial, music has accompanied mankind. The earliest instrumentological finds date back 50,000 years. The first known musical instrument with fibers under ten sion serving as strings and a resonator is the stick zither. From this small beginning, a vast array of plucked and struck stringed instruments evolved, eventually resulting in the first stringed keyboard instruments. With the invention of the hammer harpsichord (gravi cembalo col piano e forte, “harpsichord with piano and forte”, i.e. with the capability of dynamic modulation) in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori toward the beginning of the eighteenth century, the pianoforte was born, which over the following centuries evolved into the most versitile and widely disseminated musical instrument of all time. This was possible only in the context of the high level of devel- opment of artistry and craftsmanship worldwide, particu- larly in the German-speaking part of Europe. Since 1885, the Schimmel family has belonged to a circle of German manufacturers preserving the traditional art and craft of piano building, advancing it to ever greater perfection. Today Schimmel ranks first among the resident German piano manufacturers still owned and operated by Contents the original founding family, now in its fourth generation. Schimmel pianos enjoy an excellent reputation worldwide. 09 The Fascination of the Piano This booklet, now in its completely revised and 15 The Evolution of the Piano up dated eighth edition, was first published in 1985 on The Origin of Music and Stringed Instruments the occa sion of the centennial of Wilhelm Schimmel, 18 Early Stringed Instruments – Plucked Wood Pianofortefa brik GmbH. -
WOODWIND INSTRUMENT 2,151,337 a 3/1939 Selmer 2,501,388 a * 3/1950 Holland
United States Patent This PDF file contains a digital copy of a United States patent that relates to the Native American Flute. It is part of a collection of Native American Flute resources available at the web site http://www.Flutopedia.com/. As part of the Flutopedia effort, extensive metadata information has been encoded into this file (see File/Properties for title, author, citation, right management, etc.). You can use text search on this document, based on the OCR facility in Adobe Acrobat 9 Pro. Also, all fonts have been embedded, so this file should display identically on various systems. Based on our best efforts, we believe that providing this material from Flutopedia.com to users in the United States does not violate any legal rights. However, please do not assume that it is legal to use this material outside the United States or for any use other than for your own personal use for research and self-enrichment. Also, we cannot offer guidance as to whether any specific use of any particular material is allowed. If you have any questions about this document or issues with its distribution, please visit http://www.Flutopedia.com/, which has information on how to contact us. Contributing Source: United States Patent and Trademark Office - http://www.uspto.gov/ Digitizing Sponsor: Patent Fetcher - http://www.PatentFetcher.com/ Digitized by: Stroke of Color, Inc. Document downloaded: December 5, 2009 Updated: May 31, 2010 by Clint Goss [[email protected]] 111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 US007563970B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,563,970 B2 Laukat et al. -
Fall 2013 FYS Brochure.Pdf
First Year Seminars THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL FALL 2013 First Year Seminars For Your Success! FALL 2013 How can you make the best transition to college and share the excitement of Carolina’s intellectual life? Students and faculty agree: enroll in a First Year Seminar. Carolina’s First Year Seminars (FYS) Program provides a unique academic opportunity within our broader curriculum. FYS are small (no more than 24 students), taught by our best instructors, and address topics that are on the frontier of scholarship or research. FYS give you the opportunity to work together with faculty and classmates in a shared experience that provides a hands-on preview of the exciting world of engaged scholarship at Carolina. FYS are “regular courses” in the sense that they are one semester in duration, offered in the fall and spring, provide 3 credit hours, and meet General Education HILL requirements. FYS go beyond “regular courses” in their emphasis on active learning, which usually includes class discussion and other modes of engagement such as CHAPEL - fieldwork, artistic performances, class trips, presentations, projects, or experiments. UNC FYS also help refine your ability to communicate clearly and persuasively in a wide , array of formats. And, perhaps most important, FYS are designed to be lively and SEARS fun, promoting collaboration in scholarship and intellectual discovery. DAN BY plan ahead PHOTO Many students are attracted by the FYS that are directly relevant to their interests, but this strategy is a bit shortsighted because all students will eventually enroll in A note from Drew Coleman advanced courses in their major. -
Some Acoustic Characteristics of the Tin Whistle
Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics SOME ACOUSTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TIN WHISTLE POAL Davies ISVR, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK J Pinho ISVR, Southampton University, Southampton, UK EJ English ISVR, Southampton University, Southampton, UK 1 INTRODUCTION The sustained excitation of a tuned resonator by shed vorticity in a separating shear layer 1 or the whistling produced by the impingement of thin fluid jets on an edge 2 have both been exploited by the makers of musical instruments from time immemorial. Familiar examples include panpipes, recorders, flutes, organ flue pipes 13 , and so on. Over the centuries, the acquisition of the necessary knowledge and skill for their successful production must have been laboriously accomplished by much trial and error. A more physically explicit understanding of the basic controlling mechanisms began to emerge during the great upsurge in scientific observation and discovery from the mid19th century, as this was also accompanied by the relevant developments in physics, acoustics and fluid mechanics. These mechanisms can take several forms, depending on subtle differences in local and overall geometric detail and its relation to the magnitude, direction and distribution of any flow that is generating sound. One such form includes many examples of reverberant systems, where separating shear layers 3,4 provide the conditions where this coupled flow acoustic behaviour may occur. It is well known 14 that whenever a flow leaves a downstream facing edge it separates, forming a thin shear layer or vortex sheet. Such sheets, which involve high transverse velocity gradients, are very unstable and rapidly develop waves 14 . -
MP-Price-List-2020-EUR.Pdf
PRICE LIST 2020 EURO Model Description Price PICKUP PICKUP INSTRUMENTS NEW MPDS1 digital percussion stomp box 199,00 € NEW MPS1 analog percussion stomp box 89,00 € NEW MPSM stomp box mount 49,90 € FX10 fx pedal 169,00 € PBASSBOX pickup bassbox 129,00 € PSNAREBOX pickup snarebox 119,00 € NEW MIC-PERC percussion microphone 24,90 € KA9P-AB pickup kalimba, african brown 99,90 € PICKUP CAJONS NEW PAESLDOB artisan edition pickup cajon, solea line 299,00 € PWCP100MB pickup cajon, woodcraft professional, makah-burl frontplate 199,00 € PSC100B pickup cajon, snarecraft, baltic birch frontplate 149,00 € PSUBCAJ6B pickup vertical subwoofer cajon, baltic birch 249,00 € PTOPCAJ2WN pickup slaptop cajon, turbo, walnut playing surface 189,00 € PTOPCAJ4MH-M pickup slaptop cajon, mahogany playing surface 149,00 € NEW PBASSCAJ-KIT cocktail cajon kit 499,00 € NEW PBASSCAJ cocktail cajon 169,90 € NEW PBC1B pickup bongo cajon 79,90 € NEW PCST pickup cajon snare tap 74,90 € NEW PCTT pickup cajon tom tap 69,90 € NEW MMCS mini cajon speaker 59,90 € PA-CAJ cajon preamp 99,00 € NEW CMS cajon microphone stand 9,90 € CAJONS ARTISAN EDITION CAJONS AEMLBI martinete line, brazilian ironwood with ukola woodframe frontplate 1.199,00 € AEFLIH fandango line, indian heartwood frontplate 699,00 € AESELIH seguiriya line, indian heartwood frontplate 469,00 € AESELCB seguiriya line, canyon-burl frontplate 469,00 € AECLWN cantina line, walnut frontplate 499,00 € AEBLLB buleria line, lava-burl frontplate 299,00 € AEBLMY buleria line, mongoy frontplate 299,00 € AESLEYB soleà line,