The US Navy Japanese/Oriental Language School Archival Project The Interpreter Archives, University of Colorado at Boulder Libraries Number 195 Remember September 11, 2001 [email protected] May 1, 2014

Our Mission the son of George T. and Helena Tolls. Watching Ingrid Bergman as Bonnie Raitt, the Plasmatics, (Donovan) Monahan. Philip must have been better than the Jeff Lorber and Timothy Leary, In the Spring of 2000, the graduated South High School in food poisoning resulting from William Ackerman and Karla Archives continued the origi- Worcester in 1933. He earned his the meal they missed. Harry Bonoff. Mountain Productions nal efforts of Captain Roger Bachelor’s degree in 1937 from Muheim told me he took Jane to operated the theater for 15 Pineau and William Hudson, the College of the Holy Cross that theatre on their first date. months, but the fixed movie and the Archives first at- and earned a law degree from A renovation of an opera house style seating restricted a tempts in 1992, to gather the Catholic University Law School house, the theatre was designed diversity of activity and the papers, letters, photographs, in 1940. He also attended the by Robert Boller of Kansas City theater was forced to close. The and records of graduates of University of Michigan Law and opened on January 9, 1936. community rallied to reopen the the US Navy Japanese/ School where he received an The design featured a facade theater, and in 1988 it was Oriental Language School, LLM in 1941. decorated in the art deco style, transformed into a multi-use hall University of Colorado at Phil was a life-long swimmer colored glass and black glass with cabaret style seating. Care Boulder, 1942-1946. We and belonged to the YMCA of tiles in Terra Cotta. The interior was given to preserve the art assemble these papers in Greater Worcester on Main carries two twenty-five foot deco ornamentation, including recognition of the contribu- Street. During World War II, murals, on either side, in green the hand-painted murals and tions made by JLS/OLS Philip joined the Navy and and blue along with a ceiling fresco ceiling. instructors and graduates to attended the U.S. Navy Japanese mural depicting a western theme New Hope Communications the War effort in the Pacific Oriental Language School at the in shades of orange. The Daily purchased the theater in 1995, and the Cold War, to the University of Colorado at Camera held a contest to select a with plans to operate it primarily creation of East Asian Boulder. He was deployed in the name for the theater. The as an entertainment venue, while language programs across South Pacific in the Office of winning name was "The also bringing in non-musical and the country, and to the Naval Intelligence Japanese Boulder". The winning entrant community events. Recent development of Japanese- Language Division as a Japanese received a one year pass to the renovations have expanded the American cultural rec- translator and had attained the theater [I guess Boulderites have Boulder Theater's capabilities as onciliation programs after rank of Lieutenant upon his always been humble about their a multi-use facility. It has World War II. discharge. Philip worked for town name. With the Boulderado featured top acts such as B.B over thirty years at the Criminal Hotel and the Boulder Theatre, King, Tori Amos, Blues Traveler, Phili p R. Monahan Division of the United States they always want folks to know Branford Marsalis, Lucinda JLS 1944, 95 Department of Justice. While where they are]. Williams and Johnny Cash, there, he briefed and argued Prior to the mid-1940s, in ranging from Jazz, Rock & Roll, WORCESTER — Philip cases on behalf of the Federal keeping with Boulder’s version Rhythm & Blues, and acoustic. Redmond Monahan, 95, of Government before the United of Jim Crow, African American The theater is now the home of Worcester died Sunday, States Supreme Court, including patrons had to watch movies some of Boulder’s most November 14, 2010 in UMass during the tenure of Chief Justice from the balcony, a policy that cherished entertainment Memorial Medical Center – Earl Warren. Upon his was subverted by a number of traditions, from the eTown radio Memorial Campus. retirement in 1974, he liberal whites who brought program to the annual Warren He leaves several nephews volunteered for a year as a blacks down into the main Miller film screenings to the and nieces, Eileen (Reavey) lawyer with Common Cause, a seating areas during WWII. Boulder International Film Mittelholzer, Carol (Blackmer) nonprofit citizen’s lobbing Between 1950 and 1975, the Festival and more. Since Creen, Paul W. Blackmer, David organization promoting open, number of theatres in Boulder merging with the Fox Theatre M. Blackmer, Joyce (Blackmer) honest and accountable proliferated, with the Regency last year, the colorful theater Marsden, Lynne (Blackmer) government. on Walnut and 11th, the Fox and seems to only have gotten Long, Janice (Monahan) Stalmok, The family would like to the Flatiron on the Hill, one at stronger. Projects for the Joan (Monahan) Spind, Claire extend their gratitude to Dodge Basemar, two near Arapaho and upcoming year include (Monahan) Allen, Carol Park Rest Home in Worcester for Folsom and one by Crossroads renovating the balcony seats, (Monahan) Tisdell, Ellen their exceptional and dedicated Mall. Multiplexes in the suburbs which haven’t been removed McCauley and John Scott care of Phil. and home video rentals cut since the theater re-opened in McCauley; 30 grandnieces and attendance to the Boulder 1936. The theater plans to ask nephews and one great Worcester Telegram & Gazette November 16, 2010 Theatre by the mid-1970s. In supporters to sponsor a chair. grandniece. He was predeceased ______1979, Mann Theaters closed the The versatility of the Boulder by his siblings, Helen Reavey, Boulder theatre. In 1980, with Theater makes it perfect for George F. Monahan, Grace Boulder Theatre the theater’s future up in the air, events ranging from meetings Monahan, Ruth Blackmer, Mary 1936-2011 the city designated the marquee and conferences to live theater, G. Monahan, Frances McCauley; The Boulder Theatre had a sign a historic landmark, private parties and concerts. two nephews, Edwin Reavey, Jr. unique history for the USN rendering it immune to future and George R. Monahan; a niece, http://www.bouldertheater.com/histo JLS/OLS students at the redevelopment. In 1981, the ry.php; Suzanne (Blackmer) Kasper and University of Colorado. It was theater was renovated, this time David Accomazzo, three grandnieces and where Phil Burchill and into updated concert hall by “Boulder Theater turns 75” grandnephews. Hammond Rolph played hooky Mountain Productions. It The Boulder Weekly, Mr. Monahan was born on January 10,2011 and watched For Whom the Bell featured such diverse performers October 12, 1915 in Worcester http://www.boulderweekly.com/articl finals competition in Two days later, the state asserting that the F.B.I.’s spying e-4175-boulder-theater-turns- Washington, D.C. attorney general began the first on a defendant by telescope from 75.html; King graduated cum laude of several investigations. After a quarter-mile away violated his & David M. Hays from Yale Law School. He the Internal Revenue Service constitutional rights. Archivist & Editor ______joined the Navy during World threatened to strip the trust of its His favorite and longest-running War II and served as a tax-exempt status retroactively in case involved protecting a small Judge Samuel P. King military Japanese interpreter. 1999, the five trustees, all finch-billed bird, the palila, by dies of head injury He later followed in his Democratic appointees, resigned removing wild goats and sheep at 94 father's footsteps, taking active or were removed from office. from the slopes of a volcano. He

Samuel Pailthorpe King, a part in local Republican politics. “They treated it like a cookie ruled in 1979 that the bird had federal judge for nearly four In 1956 he was appointed a jar,” Judge King, a Republican, standing to sue in federal court decades, died this afternoon at territorial district court said of the trustees in an and monitored the bird’s welfare Kuakini Medical Center magistrate. With statehood in interview with The New York for the rest of his life. after falling and suffering a head 1959, Hawaii's first elected Times in 2000, “or a Democratic Besides Ms. Stretch, Judge injury. Republican governor, William pension fund.” King is survived by his wife of King, 94, one of Hawaii's most Quinn, elevated King to a circuit In a 2008 interview with PBS 66 years, the former Anne Van highly respected judges, was one court judgeship. Hawaii, Judge King told of being Patten Grilk; a son, Samuel Jr.; of the authors of the Broken King became one of the first approached by Randall Roth, a another daughter, Louise King Trust essay that led to reforms at judges for Hawaii's professor of trust law at the Lanzilotti; and six grandchildren. the Bishop Estate, now progressive Family Court in the University of Hawaii, who Many Hawaiians remembered known as Kamehameha Schools. 1960s, earning the unofficial title showed him a draft of an essay, the judge for an off-the-cuff — "Father of the Family Court." which the judge called “good and often-quoted — remark to a "We feel so fortunate to have gotten a chance to share Honolulu Star-Advertiser stuff.” potential juror who claimed that our lives with mom and dad all By Star-Advertiser Staff But Judge King volunteered she had to leave for the island of these years," his daughter, POSTED: 06:57 p.m. that it would carry more weight Maui the next day. “Here today, HST, Dec 07, 2010 if prominent people in the gone to Maui,” he said. Louise King Lanzilotti, said. ______"We're so lucky. He was a great community also added their Douglas Martin role model for us." Samuel P. King imprimaturs. Judge King agreed New York Times to sign on and recommended King was appointed U.S. Judge and Critic of December 11, 2010 three others: a former state ______District judge here in Hawaiian Charity 1972. Samuel Pailthorpe King appeals court judge, a former Sidney DeVere Brown Dies at 94 chairwoman of the University of was born in China. He was OLS 1945; Historian part-Hawaiian, spoke Japanese Samuel P. King, a federal judge Hawaii board of regents and a Norman, Okla. — Dr. Sidney fluently and was a who mobilized the power of the Catholic priest. DeVere Brown, Professor descendant of the first white man pen to topple overseers of one of Together they formulated a Emeritus of History at the to settle in Hawaii. He once tried the nation’s wealthiest charities, final essay with what The University of Oklahoma, died at to unseat Democratic Gov. John a 19th-century trust set up by American Journalism Review in age 85, at his home in Norman, Burns. Hawaiian royalty to educate the 2001 called “damning detail.” Okla, on Wednesday, Dec. 8, In the heat of the controversy kingdom’s natives, died Tuesday Mr. Roth has said Judge King 2010, after a long illness. over Bishop Estate the in Honolulu. He was 94. was the “intellectual leader” of Arrangements for services are outspoken King remained The cause was complications the process. pending. Internment will take unfazed by criticism. of a fall the day before, his Samuel Pailthorpe King was place at the Elmwood Cemetery "I know one thing," he said in daughter Charlotte King Stretch born on April 13, 1916, in in Augusta. an interview at the time. said. Hankow, China, the son of a Born on Jan. 29, 1925, in a "Every judge has an obligation: Judge King was one of five commander of a United States farmhouse near Douglass, he If you see something wrong in co-authors of a scathing 6,400- Navy gunboat on the Yangtze grew up on a wheat and cattle the community, you speak out word critique of one of Hawaii’s River. The boy grew up amid farm not so far from the Flint against it." most powerful institutions, the banana and macadamia nut Hills in Butler County. He His father, Samuel Wilder Bishop Estate, in 1997. groves in Hawaii. graduated from Augusta High King, was active in the Established in the will of a He graduated from Yale and School in 1941. His Republican Party and appointed Hawaiian princess who died in its law school and was a undergraduate education at the first part-Hawaiian governor 1884, the estate ran schools to Japanese translator for the Navy Southwestern College, Winfield, by President Dwight D. educate native Hawaiian youths. in World War II. After his Kan., was interrupted by World Eisenhower in 1953. He also Its assets of $10 billion made it discharge, he went into private War II. He served as a naval served as a Bishop Estate trustee the wealthiest charity in the practice and then held a officer, 1943-1946, completing from 1957 to 1959. United States in 1995, according succession of territorial and state the intensive 14-month course at Born in Hankow, China, to The Wall Street Journal. judgeships. President Richard M. the U.S. Navy Japanese where his father was stationed The essay, which filled three Nixon appointed him to the Language School at the in the Navy, the young King lost pages of The Honolulu Star- federal bench in 1972. He University of Colorado, Boulder, his left eye in a childhood Bulletin, accused the trustees of, assumed senior status in 1984. to mark the beginning of his accident. He excelled at Punahou among other things, paying Judge King spent 38 years on specialization in Japanese School and attended Japanese themselves more than $800,000 the federal bench and several history. language school — a rarity for a year each, conducting financial times ran unsuccessfully for He earned an A.B. degree in a Caucasian, part-Hawaiian lad. transactions for personal gain political office, including history and government from He became Punahou's student and neglecting the trust’s Hawaii’s governorship. His Southwestern College in body president and a champion educational mission. thousands of rulings included 1947. In 1948, he married his orator, participating in national one protecting the rights of mental patients and another college classmate, Ruth Esther Murray, and began graduate University among other Nickell, Dr. Nancy E. Brown of Theresa Kramer Stone in Priest studies in history at the places. His year-long visiting Norman, Okla., Dr. Russell M. River, ID. He is survived by his University of Wisconsin, professorships were at the Brown of Lexington, Ky., and wife of 50 years, Paula Hale Madison, completing the M.A. University of Illinois and the his wife, Kathy Loeb, and Dr. Brown; daughters Janell Israel and Ph.D., the latter in 1952. University of Michigan, and he Frederick L. Brown of Seattle, (Colin Harris), Honolulu, HI, Brown was a professor of taught for shorter periods at the Wash.; his five grandchildren, Nelda Stone (Thomas Smith), history at Oklahoma State University of Kansas, University Ellen Nickell of New Orleans, Laguna Beach, CA. and University in Stillwater from of Wisconsin, University of La., Elliott Nickell of Brooklyn, Elizabeth "Liza" Stone, Denver, 1952 to 1971 before moving to Colorado, University of NY, and his wife, Elizabeth CO; goddaughters, Mikiyo Norman to join the University of Nebraska, East Central State Nickell, Carrie Nickell of La Morioka, Tokyo, Japan and Oklahoma faculty which he College, and the University of Grande, Ore., Michael Brown of Karen Campbell (Graham) served until his retirement in Science and Arts of Oklahoma Ann Arbor, Mich., and David Westford, MA; granddaughters, 1995. He taught courses in East (where he was Regents Brown of Grinnell, Iowa; his Shyrah Maurer (Stephen), Asian history throughout his Professor). Since 2003, he has brother, Stanley Brown of Honolulu and Brooke Watson career. He offered a popular presented fall courses for the Hanover, Penn., and his wife, (Craig), Honolulu; grandson, full-year course in Japanese School of International and Area Sandra Brown; eight nieces and Paul Stone, Denver; great history that regularly attracted Studies at the University of nephews. grandchildren, Jack Maurer, 100 students, in addition to Oklahoma. Augusta Gazette Shea Maurer and Ryder Watson, special courses on Chinese Brown was elected to the Dec 10, 2010 Honolulu; sisters-in-law, Calista ______history, Korean history, and Oklahoma Higher Education Lee Brown, Culver City, CA.; Southeast Asian history. Hall of Fame, 2000, to the Maj elmer stone Jean Brown, Dallas, Texas and His principal research was in Scholars Hall of Fame, Marion Stone, Las Vegas, NV. nineteenth-century Japanese Southwestern College, Winfield I'm not sure whether you heard He is predeceased by his history, and he was one of the in 2004, and received the that Elmer Stone passed away on sister, Elizabeth; and brothers, first to write about the history of Jackson and Caroline Bailey March 8, 2011, after a long Barney and Fred. Stone's the Meiji Restoration of 1868 – Public Service Award of the illness with throat cancer, and a education was obtained first an event that marked the end of Midwest Conference on Asian leg injury from years ago. He from Fullerton Junior College, shogun rule and the move to Affairs at its Michigan State was my best and longest friend. then University of California, modernize Japanese government University meeting in 1999. He We served together throughout Berkeley and University of and society – along with its was in Who’s Who in America. WW II, from early 1942 to the Colorado, Boulder. After WWII principal leaders, based on the In 2008, he provided his day the first A-bomb was he obtained his Juris Doctor primary sources in Japanese. He friends and family a detailed, dropped on Japan. That day we degree from the University of was the leading American expert moving account of his childhood were in San Francisco awaiting Southern California Law School on two of those leaders, Kido and young adulthood in a transportation back to the (1948). Takayoshi and Okubo memoir entitled Kansas Pacific, having just completed When Stone received the Toshimichi, and his three- Farmboy. He described the hard our NSOL courses at Boulder. anticipated call to military volume biography and work of surviving the Great Elmer, as a reservist, was sent service in July 1941 he promptly translation of The Diary of Kido Depression on a largely self- home. I was a regular, so I was enlisted in the United States Takayoshi, 1868-1877, was the sufficient farm in Bloomington, sent to Manila to join Marine Corps for the duration of winner of the Japan Cultural Kan. where his parents, Leonard MacArthur's command. the national emergency. Translation Prize of the Japan and Jessie, raised him, his sister Since the war he & Paula Following "boot camp" he was Translators Association in Tokyo Barbara, and his brother have lived relatively close, in transferred to the 8th Marine in 1986. Stanley. He portrayed the close- Palm Desert, so we've been able Regiment which was sent to He also published articles, knit community of his youth, to see each other fairly often defend American Samoa the delivered lectures, and helped where social life focused on the over the years. Although we'd month after Pearl Harbor on produce a video about the country store, the church, and the been in touch recently by phone, December 7, 1941. While in popularity of jazz music in school. I hadn't actually seen Elmer Samoa Stone and seven others Japan. He, himself, travelled to He was a member of the since last August, when Grace were selected for the intensive Japan nineteen times during his Lions Club and the Norman and I met with him and Paula for instruction in the Japanese career. Singers. He was a fan of Duke a 4 day, 2nd MarDiv Reunion in language and related In 2003 and 2008, he Ellington, Will Rogers, OU Reno. He was in poor health intelligence. After completing arranged trips to Japan with all football, and OU basketball, and then, but joined in the activities training they were classified as his children and grandchildren, in his later years could be found as much as he could. The news "combat intelligence/language including visits to the every weekday morning having of his death was not a surprise, specialist". The “Samoa hometowns of Kido and Okubo. coffee with a group of friends at but still a blow nevertheless. Marines”, as they were called, Brown was a foreign research Homeland, never failing to buy a He was a dear friend and we were sent to attend the US Navy will truly MISS HIM! fellow at Tokyo University on copy of the New York Times Japanese/Oriental Language three occasions, as a Ford before leaving the store. Harry D. Pratt School at the University of Foundation Fellow in 1956- He was preceded in death by his COL USMC (Ret.) OLS 1945 Colorado and at Oklahoma ______1957, and as a Japan Foundation parents, Leonard and Jessie A&M. This language served him Fellow in 1977-1978 and 1984- Brown, his sister, Barbara Brown MAJ ELMER J. STONE, well not only during his military 1985. He has lectured at Unruh, and his wife of fifty-four OLS 1945, USMC service but for the rest of his Harvard University and years, Dr. Ruth Murray Brown. professional life. Princeton University, and taken He is survived by: his good Elmer J. Stone of Palm Desert, Recalled to active duty in part in symposiums of the friend, Dr. Beverly Joyce of Calif., passed away on March 8, June 1950 Stone served as an Iwakura Mission Society in Norman; his four children, Dr. 2011 as a result of pulmonary intelligence officer on the staff Tokyo, at the University of Margaret Nickell of Kansas City, failure. He was born January 28, of Col. Chesty Puller for the Sheffield, and Hokkaido Mo., and her husband, Dr. Barry 1919 to Elmer Ortman Stone and landing at Inchon, Korea, the recapture of Seoul and the law practice largely in the field funeral services be held for him have been some basis for DC’s Chosin Reservoir campaign. In of international business in but he would be pleased by any ignoring the [commissioning] June 1951 he was transferred to Europe, Asia and the Middle donations made to the Marine requests. We in later classes, the Naval War College, Newport East. As a corporate attorney he JROTC program at Desert Hot studying daily with AJA teachers R.I. for training in the Uniform successively became chief Springs (CA) High School. [the acronym AJAs was used all

Code of Military Justice; he was counsel for Douglas Aircraft The Desert Sun through WWII at CU by the relieved from active duty in Company and general counsel March 13 to March 15, 2011 student newspaper, Silver and November. Stone remained in for Ryan Aeronautical and the Gold], felt ill at ease about the the inactive reserve until 1958 Pacific Group of Teledyne, Inc. [Ed. Note: We mourn with the [inequitable] situation, but as when he was retired with the In private practice he formed and remaining “Samoa Marines”. MAJ lowly enlisted men, were not in a rank of major; however until his managed a firm that after a Stone is mentioned or comments in position to effect any changes. death he remained committed merger became the national firm The Interpreter Issues: #26, #64A (on When, in Ann Arbor, we finally and dedicated to the Corps which of Fenwick, Stone, Davis & the Samoa JLS), #70, #91A, #98A, met with the men with whom we #99A, #100, #140, #147, #155, #157, and #165.] would be working and living, ______during infantry training at Fort

McClellan and further language Reprise on Nisei as training at Fort Snelling, we Commissioned were pleased to learn that many had been commissioned during US Army Officers and after the Philippine Your Issue #160, of The campaigns. During the first few Interpreter, contained a few months of the Occupation, the items I felt that I, as an Army desire of the Nisei to be counterpart, should be required discharged from the general to furnish a response. atmosphere of discrimination Mr. Breece’s comment that weighed heavily on the Army’s “of course, the Army did not need for linguists, and commission its Nisei,” is not commissions were issued really accurate. One of the liberally to those who certainly ironies of the Army program is deserved that reward. By the that the early Nisei students were time I was assigned to ATIS in told that they would receive early 1946, and billeted at the commissions after the NYK Building in Tokyo, there completion of their training, it appeared to be more Nisei rarely happened until nearer the officers there than other officers end of the war. Even the head of (which included some British, the academic program, John Dutch, and a few Russians). Aiso, was not given a Later, non-Nikkei were in a commission until 1945. distinct minority among officers According to COL Kai at various stations at which I Rasmussen, head of the entire served until Autumn 1947. Mr. program from its inception in Breece was not accurate in November 1, 1941, he had suggesting that the Army did not requested their issuance, but the award commissions to Nisei, but War Department remained silent, he would have been correct in based on the supposition, suggesting that the awards, "THE GRADUATES - top to West. After retirement from that erroneous as it was, that hakujin during combat and training, bottom, and in left to right order, group he joined the international would not feel comfortable in came too few late and late. they are: Pfc. Sheldon L. Brown, firm of Morgan, Lewis and Staff Sgt. David E. Wakefield, Pfc. ranks below those held by Allen H. Meyer Bockius for which he opened Americans of Japanese Ancestry. US Army MIS Edgar A. Lipman, Pfc. Elmer J. Stone, Corporal Robert G. and managed an office in Tokyo This was not true of two who for five years, followed by [Ed. Note: Thanks to Allen Meyer for Robinson, Corporal William R. attended the initial class at this clarification of an oft stated Croyle, Pfc. Ralph A. Baker, another year in Taipei, Taiwan Presidio, but may have arisen comment regarding commissions for Major Ferdinand Bishop, and Hong Kong. among some of the early classes the Nisei MIS.] Instructor, and Capt. Harry D. Paula and Elmer enjoyed ______at Savage, who having been Pratt." The Samoa Marines: many years of world-wide land repatriated on the initial trip of “Parley-Voo Japanese”, image $Donations Accepted and sea travel. They especially published in the Marine Corps the Gripsholm, were quite favored the rails and counted the embittered by their maltreatment To donate, make your check out magazine The Leatherneck, to the University of Colorado, December 1942. Trans-Siberian Express, The by the Imperial Japanese before ______Patagonian Express, The writing US Navy JLS Fund on they had returned from Japan; he often credited for being the Canadian Pacific as well as another element might have been the memo line, and mail it to our commuting throughout Europe contact address. guiding force of his life. During the fact that a number of the his service he was awarded two as their favorites. No part of internees had indicated loyalty to David Hays Purple Hearts, one on Japan was left untouched and Japan by requesting repatriation Archives Guadalcanal and one in Korea. they often returned to Tokyo to to Japan (or, later, by answering University of Colorado at Boulder Stone's professional career visit their myriad friends there as “No-No” to the now infamous 184 UCB well to London, Vienna and all Boulder, Colorado 80309-0184 spanned more than fifty years of Questionnaire), and there might ______parts of Italy. Stone requested no