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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-43080-8 - Essentials of Surgical Pediatric Pathology Edited by Marta C. Cohen and Irene Scheimberg Index More information Index abscess medullary tumors 212–18 arbovirus encephalitis 465 central nervous system 465 neuroblastoma–ganglioneuroma arteriovenous hemangioma 418 periprostatic 322 spectrum 214–18 arteriovenous malformations 25, 418 ACDMPV see alveolar capillary pheochromocytoma 212–14 Aspergillus spp., nasal infection 130 dysplasia with misalignment myelolipoma 218 astroblastoma 446 of pulmonary veins small round-cell tumors 477 astrocytoma acinar cell carcinoma 117–18 adrenal rests 319 anaplastic 442, 443 acinar dysplasia 175, 176 adult granulosa cell tumor 307–8 desmoplastic infantile 446 acinic cell carcinoma 157 aggressive (deep) angiomyxoma 311 diffuse 441–2, 443 acne 1 Alagille syndrome 92, 101 pilocytic 440–1 acromegaly 200 ALCL see anaplastic large T-cell pilomyxoid 441 acute infectious colitis 71–2 lymphoma ataxia telangiectasia 248–9 acute myeloid leukemia 255–9 allele-specific oligonucleotides 481, 485 atopic dermatitis 1–2 classification 255, 257, 258 allergic dermatitis 1 atrophic gastritis 50 clinical presentation 256 alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency 92, 94, atypical spitzoid neoplasms (ASN) 13 in Down syndrome 260–1 96, 98 atypical teratoid/malignant rhabdoid genetics 258–9 Alport syndrome 352 tumor 451–2 histology 256 alveolar capillary dysplasia with autoimmune gastritis 49–50 acute promyelocytic misalignment of pulmonary autoimmune hepatitis 103 leukemia 259 veins (ACDMPV) 176–7 autoimmune/immunodeficiency adamantinoma 419–20 alveolar dysplasia, congenital 175–6 associated enteropathies 58 adamantinomatous alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma 360 autoimmune lymphoproliferative craniopharyngioma 455 genetics 354–5, 472 syndrome (ALPS) 232–3 adenoid cystic carcinoma 157–8 alveolar soft part sarcoma 354–5, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney cribriform 158 379, 380 (ADPK) disease 97–8, 284 solid (basaloid) 158 genetics 354–5 autosomal recessive polycystic kidney tubular 158 amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia 264 (ARPK) disease 284 adenoma anaplastic astrocytoma 442, 443 parathyroid 208–9 anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma balanitis xerotica obliterans 323 pituitary 200, 455–6 (ALCL) 30, 32, 238–9 Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba thyroid 205 small cell variant 239, 476 syndrome 64 adenomatoid tumor 320 anaplastic oligo-astrocytoma 444 Barrett’s esophagus 47 adenomatous polyposis coli 352 anaplastic oligodendroglioma 444 Bartholin gland cyst 310 adenomatous polyps of small androgen insensitivity syndrome 325–6 Bartonella henselae 232 bowel 65 aneurysmal bone cyst 420–2 basal cell carcinoma 29 adenomyomatous polyps of small angiocentric glioma 446 histology 30 bowel 65 angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma 377 predisposing factors 29 adipocytic tumors 373–4 extraskeletal mesenchymal 354–5 ”basket weave” orthokeratosis 4 adrenal glands 210–18 angiomyxoma B-cell lymphoma 228–30 congenital disorders 210–11 aggressive (deep) 311 B-lymphoma 238, 254, 256 agenesis 211 superficial 311 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 242–3 cystic structures 211 angiosarcoma 23, 352, 419 mature B-cell lymphoma 241–3 ectopic cortical nodules 210 bone 418–19 Becker muscular dystrophy 464 hyperplasia 210, 211 cutaneous 23 Becker’s nevus 26 testicular adrenal rest tumors epithelioid 419 Beckwith–Wiedemann (TARTS) 210 anophthalmia-esophageal-genital syndrome 352 cortical tumors 211–12 syndrome 44 adrenal hyperplasia 210 Cushing syndrome 212 antrochoanal polyps 131–2 islet cell hypertrophy 218 498 virilizing 211, 212 aplastic anemia 265 Wilms’ tumor 286 fusion 210 apocrine nevus 26 benign fibrous histiocytoma 368 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-43080-8 - Essentials of Surgical Pediatric Pathology Edited by Marta C. Cohen and Irene Scheimberg Index More information Index bile duct disorders osteogenic 403–10 second branchial cleft 145–6 Alagille syndrome 101 resection specimens 409–10 third/fourth branchial cleft 146 Caroli’s disease 97 small round-cell tumors 475–6 branchial pouch anomalies 201 choledochal cyst 100 Erdheim–Chester disease 425 break apart probes 489, 491 congenital hepatic fibrosis 97 fibrous dysplasia 422–3 breast 333–4 development 90, 91 fractures carcinoma 345–6 ductal plate malformation 97 callus 426 secretory 345 isolated hepatic polycystic disease 98 stress fracture 426, 427 epithelial lesions 340–3 non-syndromic bile duct paucity 101 Langerhans-cell histiocytosis 423–5 atypical ductal hyperplasia 341–2 spontaneous performation of myogenic, myopericytic, gynecomastia 334, 342–3 common bile duct 101 lipogenic and epithelial macromastia 343 biliary atresia 92 tumors 419–20 nipple duct adenoma 341 extrahepatic 92, 98–100 adamantinoma 419–20 proliferative disease without intrahepatic bile duct pacity 101 myofibroma/myofibromatosis 419 atypia 336, 340–1 liver transplant patients 110 osteofibrous dysplasia 423 fibroepithelial lesions 333–40, 341 neonatal sclerosing cholangitis 101 osteomyelitis fibroadenoma 333–7 biliary system infectious 427–8 hamartoma 336, 340 pathology 97, 99 non-infectious 428 lactating adenoma see nodular see also hepatobiliary system pseudarthrosis 427 gestational hyperplasia biopsy Rosai–Dorfman disease 425 nodular gestational hyperplasia duodenum 60 vascular lesions 416 334, 337 kidney 287 arteriovenous hemangioma/ phyllodes tumor 334, 336, 337–40 liver 92–3 malformation 418 hematopoietic neoplasms 346 rectal suction 68–70 capillary hemangioma 416 metastases 346 skin 261 epithelioid stromal lesions 343–5 bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous hemangioendothelioma 418 fibromatosis 344 proliferation (BPOP) 400 epithelioid hemangioma 417 pseudoangiomatous stromal bladder 295–6 Gorham disease 417 hyperplasia 336, 343–4 cystitis 295 hemangioendothelioma 418 see also other stromal lesions developmental anomalies 295 lymphangioma/lymphatic bronchogenic cyst 171–2 diverticulum 295 malformation 417 Brucella spp. 232 tumors 295–6 venous hemangioma/venous Bullough lesion 404, 405 embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma malformation 416–17 bullous dermatitis 5–6 296 bone marrow failure 263–5 linear IgA disease of childhood 5–6 epithelial (urothelial) 296 aplastic anemia 265 bullous pemphigoid 5–6 blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell inherited syndromes 263, 264 Burkholderia cepacia 186 neoplasm 262–3 refractory cytopenia of childhood Burkitt lymphoma 66, 241–2 Bloom syndrome 286, 352 263–5 ovary 309 blueberry muffin baby 34–5, 261 bone marrow pathology 253–65 blue nevus 14–15 acute myeloid leukemia 255–9 calcifying aponeurotic fibroma 363–4 B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell calcifying fibrous tumor 362 238 neoplasm 262–3 canal of Nuck, cyst of 311 characteristics 254 congenital acute leukemia with Candida albicans, esophagitis 44 prognostic factors 256 spontaneous remission capillary hemangioma 416 bone island 404, 405 261–2 capillary malformation 23–4 bone lesions 397–428 juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia carcinoid/neuroendocrine tumors benign 416–19 262 liver 110 bone cysts myeloid proliferations in Down metastatic 318 aneurysmal 420–2 syndrome 260–1 pancreas 118 simple 422 myeloid sarcoma 259–60 small bowel 65, 66 bone tumors 397–416 precursor B-lymphoid neoplasms carcinoma showing thymus-like angiosarcoma 418–19 253–5 differentiation (CASTLE) 148 chondrogenic 397–403 therapy-related myeloid neoplasms Carney complex Ewing’s sarcoma/PNET 313, 352, 258, 260 adrenal involvement 211 354–5, 375–6, 412–13 Borrelia burgdorferi 232, 433 breast involvement 333 fibrogenic 410–11 botryoid embryonal pituitary involvement 200 fibrohistiocytic 411 rhabdomyosarcoma 359 Caroli’s disease 97 hematopoietic 413 brain–thyroid–lung syndrome 184 cartilaginous tumors 374–5 notochordal 414–16 branchial arch anomalies 144–6 Castleman’s disease 234 osteoclastic giant-cell-rich 413–14 first branchial cleft 145 cat scratch disease 232 499 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-43080-8 - Essentials of Surgical Pediatric Pathology Edited by Marta C. Cohen and Irene Scheimberg Index More information Index caustic esophagitis 46 unusual/rare gliomas 445, 446 Crohn’s disease 51, 75–8 celiac disease 59–61 see also individual tumors indeterminate colitis 78 cellular fibrous histiocytoma 368 cerebrovascular disorders 462 ulcerative colitis 73–5 central core disease 464 cervical neoplasms polyps/tumors 78–9 central giant-cell granuloma 141 clear cell adenocarcinoma 312–13 malignant tumors 79 central giant-cell tumor 413–14 embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma neurofibromatosis 1 79 central nervous system infection/ 311–12 polyps and polyposis syndromes inflammation 465–7 CGH–SNP microarrays 493–4 78–9 abscess 465 channelopathies 220 stromal polyps 79 atypical viral infections 466 CHARGE syndrome 44 pseudo-obstruction 67–71 fungal infection 466 chemical gastropathy 50 Hirschsprung’s disease 68–70 opportunistic infections 466 childhood asymmetric labium majus intestinal hypoganglionosis 70 viral infection 466 enlargement (CALME) 311 intestinal neuronal dysplasia 70 central nervous system tumors 438–54, choledochal cyst 100 visceral myopathies 71 460 cholestasis, neonatal 92 colorectal adenocarcinoma 79 astrocytic 440–4 cholesteatoma 128–9 combined immunodeficiency in anaplastic astrocytoma 442, 443 cholesterol granuloma 129 chromosomal breakage brainstem glioma 443 chondroblastic osteosarcoma 409 syndrome see Nijmegen diffuse astrocytoma 441–2, 443 chondroblastoma 401–2 breakage syndrome glioblastoma 442–3 chondrocutaneous
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    Salivary Gland Diseases and Disorders Dr. Mahmoud E. Khalifa Prof of OMFS Lecture ILOs At the end of this chapter you should be able to: 1. Distinguish the clinical features of infections of the salivary glands from those in other structures 2. Differentiate on clinical grounds between infection, obstruction, benign and malignant neoplasms of the salivary glands 3. Plan and evaluate the results of the investigation of disorders of the salivary glands 4. List the important/relevant information to be elicited from patients with salivary gland disorders 5. Select cases which require referral for a specialist opinion 6. Describe the causes of a dry mouth and be able to distinguish between organic and functional causes. Anatomy Major glands Minor glands 3 pairs Situated mostly 800 to 1000 in the oral cavity Parotid Submandibular The majority atAlso found in the the junction of pharynx, larynx, the hard and soft trachea, and palates sinuses sublingual Functions These glands function to produce saliva, which serves as Lubricant for speech & swallowing Assists taste Immunologic (antibacterial) Digestive Cleansing properties Based on the type of secretion, the salivary glands may be grouped as: (i) Serous, (ii) Mucous and (iii) Mixed. Parotid gland secretion is serous in nature. The sublingual gland secretes mixed, but predominantly mucous. The submandibular gland secretion is also mixed, but is predominantly serous. The minor glands secrete mucous saliva. Parotid Gland The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland, the secretion of which is serous in nature. It is pyramidal in shape; The base located superficial and apex medially The base is triangular in shape its apex is towards the angle of the mandible, the base at the external acoustic meatus The parotid duct (Stenson‘s duct) Emerges at the anterior part of the gland.
  • Evolving Concepts in Human Renal Dysplasia

    Evolving Concepts in Human Renal Dysplasia

    DISEASE OF THE MONTH J Am Soc Nephrol 15: 998–1007, 2004 EBERHARD RITZ, FEATURE EDITOR Evolving Concepts in Human Renal Dysplasia ADRIAN S. WOOLF, KAREN L. PRICE, PETER J. SCAMBLER, and PAUL J.D. WINYARD Nephro-Urology and Molecular Medicine Units, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom Abstract. Human renal dysplasia is a collection of disorders in correlating with perturbed cell turnover and maturation. Mu- which kidneys begin to form but then fail to differentiate into tations of nephrogenesis genes have been defined in multiorgan normal nephrons and collecting ducts. Dysplasia is the princi- dysmorphic disorders in which renal dysplasia can feature, pal cause of childhood end-stage renal failure. Two main including Fraser, renal cysts and diabetes, and Kallmann syn- theories have been considered in its pathogenesis: A primary dromes. Here, it is possible to begin to understand the normal failure of ureteric bud activity and a disruption produced by nephrogenic function of the wild-type proteins and understand fetal urinary flow impairment. Recent studies have docu- how mutations might cause aberrant organogenesis. mented deregulation of gene expression in human dysplasia, Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract and the main renal pathology is renal dysplasia (RD). In her (CAKUT) account for one third of all anomalies detected by landmark book Normal and Abnormal Development of the routine fetal ultrasonography (1). A recent UK audit of child- Kidney published in 1972 (7), Edith Potter emphasized that one hood end-stage renal failure reported that CAKUT was the must understand normal development to generate realistic hy- cause in ~40% of 882 individuals (2).