Le Corbusierand the Age of Purism
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Le Corbusier Y El Salon D' Automne De París. Arquitectura Y
Le Corbusier y el Salon d’ Automne de París. Arquitectura y representación, 1908-1929 José Ramón Alonso Pereira “Arquitectura y representación” es un tema plural que abarca tanto la figuración como la manifestación, Salón d’ Automne imagen y escenografía de la arquitectura. Dentro de él, se analiza aquí cómo Le Corbusier plantea una interdependencia entre la arquitectura y su imagen que conlleva no sólo un nuevo sentido del espacio, sino Le Corbusier también nuevos medios de representarlo, sirviéndose de los más variados vehículos expresivos: de la acuarela Équipement de l’habitation al diorama, del plano a la maqueta, de los croquis a los esquemas científicos y, en general, de todos los medios posibles de expresión y representación para dar a conocer sus inquietudes y sus propuestas en un certamen Escala singular: el Salón de Otoño de París; cuna de las vanguardias. Espacio interior Le Corbusier concurrió al Salón d’ Automne con su arquitectura en múltiples ocasiones. A él llevó sus dibujos de Oriente y a él volvió en los años veinte a exhibir sus obras, recorriendo el camino del arte-paisaje a la arquitectura y, dentro de ella -en un orden inverso, anti-clásico-, de la gran escala o escala urbana a la escala edificatoria y a la pequeña escala de los espacios interiores y el amueblamiento. “Architecture and Representation” is a plural theme that includes both figuration as manifestation, image and Salon d’ Automne scenography of architecture. Within it, here it is analyzed how Le Corbusier proposes an interdependence between architecture and image that entails not only a new sense of space, but also new means of representing it, using Le Corbusier the most varied expressive vehicles: from watercolor to diorama, from plans to models, from sketches to scientific Équipement de l’habitation schemes and, in general, using all possible expression and representation means to make known their concerns and their proposals, all of them within a singular contest: the Paris’s Salon d’ Automne; cradle of art avant-gardes. -
Le Corbusier's Cité De Refuge
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.796 Le Corbusier’s Cité de Refuge: historical & technological performance of the air exacte L.M. Diaz, R. Southall School of Arts, Design and Media, University of Brighton Abstract: Despite a number of attempts by Le Corbusier to implement the combination of ‘respiration exacte’ with the ‘mur neutralisant’ he was never able to test the viability of his environmental concepts in a realised building. The Cité de Refuge, which was built with a more conventional heating system and single glazed facade, is however unique in that unlike the other potential candidates for the implementation of these systems, the building, as built, retained a key design feature, i.e. the hermetically sealed skin, which ultimately contributed to the building’s now infamous failure. It is commonly argued that Le Corbusier, however, abandoned these comprehensive technical solutions in favour of a more passive approach, but it is less well understood to what extent technical failures influenced this shift. If these failures were one of the drivers for this change, how the building may have performed with the ‘respiration exacte’ and ‘mur neutralisant’ systems becomes of interest. Indeed, how their performance may have been improved with Le Corbusier's later modification of a brise-soleil offers an alternative hypothetical narrative for his relationship to technical and passive design methodologies. Keywords: environment, technology, performance, history, Cité de Refuge. 1. Introduction There are two technical building concepts that represent, perhaps more than any others Le Corbusier’s early drive to find comprehensive and exclusively mechanical approaches to the heating and ventilation of modern buildings: a) the mur neutralisant, a double-skin glazed wall with conditioned air circulated within the cavity to moderate heat exchange between the interior and exterior, and b) the respiration exacte, a mechanical ventilation system for providing conditioned air to interior spaces at a constant temperature of 18˚C. -
Villa Savoye Poissy, France [ La Maison Se Posera Au Milieu De L’Herbe Comme Un Objet, Sans Rien Déranger
Villa Savoye Poissy, France [ La maison se posera au milieu de l’herbe comme un objet, sans rien déranger. ] Le Corbusier Villa Savoye Située dans les environs de Paris, et terminée en 1931, la Villa Savoye est une maison de campagne privée conçue par l’architecte d’origine suisse Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, plus connu sous le nom de Le Corbusier. Elle est rapidement devenue l’un des plus célèbres bâtiments dans le style international d’architecture et établit la réputation de Le Corbusier comme l’un des architectes les plus importants du vingtième siècle. Importance architecturale Lorsque la construction de la Villa Savoye commença en 1928, Le Corbusier était déjà un architecte internationalement célèbre. Son livre Vers une Architecture avait été traduit en plusieurs langues, et son travail sur le bâtiment Centrosoyuz à Moscou l’avait mis en contact avec l’avant-garde russe. En tant que l’un des premiers membres du Congrès International d’Architecture Moderne (CIAM), il devenait aussi célèbre comme un défenseur important et éloquent de l’architecture © Fondation Le Corbusier moderne. La Villa Savoye allait être la dernière d’une série de « villas puristes » blanches, conçues et construites par Le Corbusier famille Savoye, Le Corbusier s’est assuré que la conception et son cousin Pierre Jeanneret à Paris et dans les environs de la maison devienne la représentation physique de ses dans les années 1920. Encouragé par la liberté donnée par la idéaux de « pureté totale ». © Fondation Le Corbusier 2 La villa allait être construite en accord avec les « cinq points » emblématiques que Le Corbusier avait développés comme principes directeurs pour son style architectural : 1. -
Le Corbusier at Chandigarh
MIT Press Open Architecture and Urban Studies • The Open Hand Le Corbusier at Chandigarh Maxwell Fry Published on: Apr 23, 2021 License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0) MIT Press Open Architecture and Urban Studies • The Open Hand Le Corbusier at Chandigarh 2 MIT Press Open Architecture and Urban Studies • The Open Hand Le Corbusier at Chandigarh The city of Chandigarh came first into my recognition in 1948 or 1949 as the whiff of a possible commission wafted via the Royal Institute of British Architects, but remaining without substance. The Punjab Government may have at that time been sending out feelers prior to meeting Albert Mayer, whom they commissioned to make a plan, with the brilliant young architect Matthew Nowicki. However, the sudden death of Nowicki in 1950 necessitated the selection of a new architect for Chandigarh. When Prem Thapar, of the Indian Civil Service and the administrator of the project, with the chief engineer, P. L. Varma, called upon Jane Drew and myself at our office in the closing months of 1950, a complete plan existed for a city of 150,000 people, along with a detailed budget covering every ascertainable item, including thirteen grades of houses for government officials with the accommodation and the estimated cost set against each. There was also a generous infrastructure of social and educational services and provision for the supply of water, drainage, and electricity to every level of dwelling provided, so that an examination of the budget and the well-advanced Mayer plan demonstrated the clear intention of the government to construct a modern city on a site selected to serve the state at the highest level of design and execution and set a new standard for India. -
Construire L'image Bilder Bauen the Constructed Image
CONstruire L’image LE CORBUSIER ET LA PHOTOGRAPHIE bilder bauen LE CORBUSIER UND DIE FOTOGRAFIE the constructed image LE CORBUSIER AND PHOTOGRAPHY GUIDE DE VISITE BESUCHER- HEFT VISITOr’s GUIDE Construire l’image F Le corbusier Le Corbusier et la photographie 30.09.2012 – 13.01.2013 F Ô le miracle de la photographie ! 2012 Bilder bauen Brave objectif, quel œil surnuméraire précieux ! Le Corbusier und die Fotografie Le Corbusier (Charles-Édouard Jeanneret), Lettre à Charles L’Eplattenier, 1911 30.09.2012 – 13.01.2013 the constructed image le corbusier and photography F Nombre d’expositions ont déjà été consacrées aux multiples facettes de 30.09.2012 – 13.01.2013 l’œuvre de Le Corbusier (1887–1965), mais son rapport à la photographie, un thème qui touche pourtant à de nombreux aspects de sa carrière diversifiée, a été peu abordé jusqu’à ce jour. La photographie est bien sûr à la base de la F En 2012, la Ville de La Chaux-de-Fonds F Cette exposition sera présentée au CIVA diffusion de son œuvre architecturale, mais cette exposition ne se limite pas à célèbre le 125e anniversaire de la naissance de (Centre international pour la Ville, l'Archi- la représentation photographique des réalisations de Le Corbusier. Dans son Charles-Edouard Jeanneret dit Le Corbusier, tecture et le Paysage) de Bruxelles du 26 avril cas, la photographie mérite en effet d’être envisagée dans une perspective célèbre architecte, urbaniste, peintre et au 6 octobre 2013. bien plus large : il est ici question de la photographie autant comme outil de homme de lettres né en 1887 dans la Métro- représentation, de promotion ou de diffusion que comme moyen de recherche pole horlogère. -
Villa Savoye Poissy, France [ the House Will Stand in the Midst of the Fields Like an Object, Without Disturbing Anything Around It
Villa Savoye Poissy, France [ The house will stand in the midst of the fields like an object, without disturbing anything around it. ] Le Corbusier Villa Savoye Lying on the outskirts of Paris, France, and completed in 1931, Villa Savoye was designed as a private country house by the Swiss-born architect, Le Corbusier. It quickly became one of the most influential buildings in the International style of architecture and cemented Le Corbusier’s reputation as one of the most important architects of the 20th century. Architectural significance When the construction of Villa Savoye began in 1928, Le Corbusier was already an internationally known architect. His book Vers une Architecture (Towards a New Architecture) had been translated into several languages, while his work on the Centrosoyuz Building in Moscow, Russia, had brought him into contact with the Russian avant-garde. As one of the first members of the Congrès International d’Architecture Moderne (CIAM), he was also becoming known as an important and vocal champion of modern architecture. Villa Savoye would be the last in a series of white ‘Purist villas’ designed and © Fondation Le Corbusier constructed by Le Corbusier and his cousin Pierre Jeanneret in and around the city of Paris during the 1920s. Encouraged by the Savoye family’s open brief, Le Corbusier ensured that the design of the house would become the physical representation of his ‘Total Purity’ ideals. © Fondation Le Corbusier 2 The villa was to be constructed according to the emblematic ‘Five Points’ Le Corbusier had developed as guiding principles for his modernist architectural style: 1. -
Chandigarh Heritage Furniture
Chandigarh Heritage Furniture 74 docomomo 47 — 2012/2 docomomo_47.indd 74 08/12/12 18:29 lthough Chandigarh is linked to Le Corbusier due to the urban planning and the buildings of the Capitol complex, the footprint of the tandem between Jeanneret and the Fry–Drew team Agoes far beyond as reflected for example in different housing typologies and the design of interesting furniture collections. These have been seldom described and evaluated, perhaps partly due to the lack of attention that the authorities have towards Chandigarh’s heritage. By Ariadna Alvarez Garreta he history of Chandigarh is well known by all but when his collaborator Matthew Nowicki, the architect I will make a brief introduction in order to contex- who had to implement the project in India, died in a plane Ttualize the political background and the proposed crash. As a result, Nerhu’s commission continued search- urban scheme by architects Le Corbusier and Pierre Jean- ing for an architect and finally Le Corbusier was chosen. neret in 1950.1 Once he accepted, the commission proposed Maxwell In 1947 when India got its independence as a former Fry and Jane Drew, English architects and members of British colony driven by a new breed of young and local CIAM, to carry out the basic ideas of Meyer’s master plan, politicians led by Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nerhu,2 they teaming up with Le Corbusier. From that moment, a “great had to accept the division of the country in two, India and architecture adventure” began. Le Corbusier and Pierre Pakistan, thus giving response to the creation of a new Jeanneret started working and gave Meyer’s preliminary Muslim state. -
The Urban Canvas: Urbanity and Painting in Maison Curutchet
130 ACSA EUROPEANCONFERENCE LISBON HISTORYTTHEORY/CRITIClSM . 1995 The Urban Canvas: Urbanity and Painting in Maison Curutchet ALEJANDRO LAPUNZINA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign USA ABSTRACT A BRIEF HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF MAISON CURUTCHET This paper proposes a reading of the faqade of Maison Curutchet, a significant yet largely unstudied building de- In September 1948, Dr. Curutchet, a well-knownprogressive signed by Le Corbusier in 1949, as a metaphor or a condenser surgeon from Argentina, contacted Le Corbusier, however of the architect's ideas on urban-planning and painting. It indirectly, requesting his architectural services for the de- also proposes that in this building Le Corbusier proved to be sign of a combination of single family dwelling and medical (contrary to what is often asserted) one of the most contex- office in a site, facing a beautiful large urban park, that he tually urban oriented architects of the twentieth century. owned in the city of La Plata, one-hundred kilometers south of Buenos Aire~.~He sent to Le Corbusier a very detailed program of his needs that included a three- bedroom house INTRODUCTION with all "modern comforts," and an independent medical Maison Curutchet is undoubtedly one of the least known cabinet consisting of waiting room and consultation office buildings designed by Le Corbusier. The reasons for the little where he could perform minor surgical interventions imple- attention that this work received from critics and historians menting his then revolutionary techniques. to-date are manifold, and should be attributed to the building's In spite of being extremely busy with the design and geographical location, far away from what were then the construction of other major projects (most notably the Unite centers of architectural production (the discourse and the d'Habitation in Marseilles and the Masterplan for St. -
Introducing Pierre Jeanneret — Architect, Designer, Educator — in Chandigarh Maristella Casciato
c study centre mellon lectures 18 November 2010 20 Introducing Pierre Jeanneret — architect, designer, educator — in Chandigarh Maristella Casciato My objective in this lecture is to give an account of the architect Pierre Jeanneret’s contribution to the construction of the new capital of the state of Punjab in India, to be later named Chandigarh. The city, marked by its modern buildings and neighborhoods, its housing and leisure parks, its infrastructure and landscapes, has been fully associated with a single Western designer, known worldwide as Le Corbusier. The title of tonight’s presentation intentionally situates the two poles of Fig. 1 Portrait of Pierre Jeanneret in Chandigarh, not dated, my presentation – Pierre Jeanneret in his relationship to Chandigarh Fonds Pierre Jeanneret, Collection Centre Canadien d’Architecture / Canadian Centre for Architecture, Montréal © Jeet Malhotra – as equally essential. While examining the multifaceted aspects of Pierre Jeanneret’s responsibilities during his long mandate as “Senior Architect” for the Capital Project, I wish to reveal his role as one of the major actors in the development of the city – a role that was also instrumental in the transfer of knowledge that operates as a means of creating the language of modern Indian architecture. Let me also point out that by using the term “introducing”, I am literally proposing to initiate you into an appraisal of Pierre Jeanneret’s professional and cultural contributions to the construction of the new Punjabi capital, and beyond (Figs.1 & 2). In that respect, I would like to acknowledge the opportunity I have been given to access the extensive and not yet fully researched archival documentation – Fig. -
Of Ronchamp's East Wall: Constellations of Thought
Montreal Architectural Review ‘In the sky with diamonds’ of Ronchamp’s East Wall: Constellations of Thought* Marcia F. Feuerstein Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) Abstract The Chapelle Notre-Dame-du-Haut in Ronchamp designed by Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, also known as Le Corbusier, has been studied, analyzed and explored by architects, theorists and historians ever since it was completed. Despite these studies, scholars have paid little attention to the east wall of the chapel as a unique architectural element. An important and iconic element within this project, it is distinguished by the turning statue of the Virgin Mary set in a cabinet within the wall and surrounded by small openings allowing light into the chapel. While the moving statue had always been part of the original design, the small openings -- the stars -- were not. Somehow and sometime the eastern wall became a sky when, at the beginning of construction, it was a wall. The story began with Le Corbusier’s slow design process, which allowed him to develop an evolving vision even after a design was finalized. His creative process allowed him to envision the building as a full scale model, which provided him with freedom to take advantage of new opportunities of designing during construction. This occurred with the east wall. A serendipitous * This essay was initially conceived in the late 1990s but developed for and presented at the AHRA conference on models and buildings at Nottingham in November 2005. I wish to thank Lisa Landrum and Margarita McGrath for their recent suggestions, as well as Peter Carl for his generous and extensive comments on the initial paper. -
La Cité De Refuge Le Corbusier Et Pierre Jeanneret L’Usine À Guérir
Les Éditions du patrimoine présentent La Cité de refuge Le Corbusier et Pierre Jeanneret L’usine à guérir Collection « Monographies d’édifices » > Le premier équipement collectif de Le Corbusier, classé Monument historique depuis 1975. > La restauration exemplaire d’un chef d’œuvre du XXe siècle. > Plus de 80 ans après sa construction, un centre d’accueil social toujours en activité. Contact presse : annesamson communications : Andréa Longrais - 01 40 36 84 32 – [email protected] Camille de La Vaquerie - 01 40 36 84 32 – [email protected] Éditions du patrimoine : [email protected] – 01 44 54 95 22 Clair Morizet : [email protected] - 01 44 54 95 23 1 Su -Lian Neville : [email protected] - 01 44 61 22 70 Communiqué de presse Commandée en 1929 par l’Armée du Salut à Le Corbusier et à son cousin Pierre Jeanneret sur une proposition de la princesse de Polignac, la Cité de refuge a été la première réalisation d’ampleur de l’architecte ; elle vient de faire l’objet d’une profonde restauration, menée sous la maîtrise d'ouvrage de Résidences Sociales de France. Conçu comme un centre d’accueil et d’hébergement de 282 lits pour sans-abris, ce vaste édifice remplit peu ou prou les mêmes fonctions 80 ans plus tard. Restaurer ce monument historique tout en s’adaptant à un environnement social et humain profondément bouleversé était un véritable pari. La Cité de refuge présente nombre d’innovations : il s’agissait ainsi du premier bâtiment d'habitation entièrement hermétique, comportant en particulier mille mètres carrés de vitrages sans ouvrant. -
Los Alzados Inmateriales Como Planos Abstractos Y Su Control Geométrico
CAPÍTULO 5: LOS ALZADOS INMATERIALES COMO PLANOS ABSTRACTOS Y SU CONTROL GEOMÉTRICO. Como sostenía Scully, los alzados de Garches están sólo dibujados y no construidos. Son de papel. Se redibujaron posteriormente a la obra, para su publicación en “L´Architecture Vivante” y posteriormente en L´Oeuvre Complète. Son esquemas, y como tal han de ser considerados, Contienen errores, como el único tensor de la marquesina; pero demuestran el control de la Geometría en las composiciones de Le Corbusier mediante los trazados reguladores. El texto que los acompaña recalca el carácter de la geometría como mecanismo de obtención de la emoción en arquitectura. Tras una página doble homogénea en la que la que sólo aparecía un tipo de representación (la planta), Le Corbusier vuelve a una página doble con una composición multifacética. El montaje de esta página doble está compuesto por un texto, dos planos (el alzado delantero y el trasero), y una secuencia de 8 fotografías. Es la única página doble sobre Garches donde se mezclan estos tres métodos de descripción: el escrito del texto, el plano y la fotografía. No es por lo tanto un modo ortodoxo de representación. Al darse esta conjugación de los 3 elementos; es necesario que sean vistos de modos distintos: la lectura atenta del texto, la detención de la mirada ante la objetividad del plano, para pasar después a la continuidad fragmentaria y la superposición visual de la secuencia de imágenes. Lo visual y lo mental están continuamente relacionándose. Es manifiesto que estas dos páginas no pueden sino concebirse como una sola, dado que dos imágenes del recorrido “saltan” de la página 145 a la página 144.