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Love As the Basis for Harry Potter's Self-Sacrifice

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Love As the Basis for Harry Potter's Self-Sacrifice Towards a Grown-Up Faith: Love as the Basis for Harry Potter’s Self-Sacrifice Sigrid Coenradie 1 Introduction “Is it love again?”, said Voldemort, his snake’s face jeering. “Dumbledore’s favourite solution, love, which he claimed conquered death, though love did not stop him falling from the Tower and breaking like an old waxwork. Love, which did not prevent me stamping out your Mudblood mother like a cockroach, Potter – and nobody seems to love you enough to run for- wards this time, and take my curse”.1 In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, sacrifice is a predominant theme. Although there are differences – Harry Potter is but a fictive character, his sac- rifice functions in a mythical, but not a religious setting – Joanne Rowling’s story has some striking similarities to the biblical story of Abraham and Isaac, and the Quranic story of Ibrahim and his son. The parallels between Harry’s sacrifice and the Passion cannot be missed either. The sacrifice of a son even turns into the sacrifice by a son in many re-readings of the Abraham-story. All are stories about the sacrifice of a son, and thereby shaping the identity of a community. Harry’s sacrifice will enable us to look into this theme more profoundly. The main question of this article is: Is Harry’s action to be interpreted as a sacrifice, a self-sacrifice or as a gift? This, however, raises new questions, for example about the autonomy of the one being sacrificed, the necessity of vio- lence commonly involved in sacrificial practices, and finally questions about the nature of self-sacrifice in a profane context. This article is structured accordingly and will consider 1. Harry being sacrificed; 2. Harry’s self-sacrifice; and a strangely combining variant I propose, 3. Harry’s life being given. I will compare the above-mentioned biblical sacrifices to the one Harry makes. The meaning of the term ‘sacrifice’ is ambiguous. Claudia Welz differen- tiates between a religious and a secularized meaning of the word sacrifice.2 1 Joanne K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (London: Bloomsbury, 2007), 36. 2 Claudia Welz, “Love as Gift and Self-Sacrifice,” in Neue Zeitschrift für Systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie 50 (Bd., 2008): 238–266. © sigrid coenradie, ���7 | doi ��.��63/9789004335530_0�� This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license.Sigrid Coenradie - 9789004335530 Downloaded from Brill.com09/27/2021 12:28:08PM via free access Towards a Grown-Up Faith �65 In its religious meaning it is an act of giving to God, which is motivated by the anticipation of receiving in return, as a successful communication with God. In its secularized meaning sacrifice implies deliberate loss and destruction, the renouncing or giving up of something valuable for the sake of a greater good. I define ‘self-sacrifice’ as the practice of offering one’s life to gain something more valuable, e.g. an eternal life in heaven. I will argue that, although Harry Potter at the close of the final book is prepared to give his life for his friends, in the process he paradoxically receives his life as a gift. Furthermore, I claim this gift has nothing to do with magic, but can be regarded as old-fashioned religious grace. Therefore, I define ‘gift’ used in the context of ‘sacrifice’ as the receiving back of the life that has been offered in self-sacrifice. In this article no specific literary method is applied. I do not search for causal connections or inter-textual relations. According to Paul Ricoeur nar- ratives offer a possible world and an opportunity for identification. In the fol- lowing, the novels on Harry Potter are placed in a context of religious studies on sacrifice and its meanings. The question is if, and if so, how, an analysis of Harry Potter’s sacrifice can contribute to a philosophical-theological reflection on (self)sacrifice. From the start it is clear that Harry Potter is in a privileged position, com- parable to Abraham, who is called out of Ur, and Jesus who was announced by John the Baptist as a very special person. Harry is “the Chosen One”, who survived an assassination attempt by the evil wizard Voldemort. Therefore, Harry is destined to fight Voldemort and save the Hogwarts school community. Throughout the seven volumes of the Potter series, however, the reader gradu- ally becomes aware that Harry cannot defeat Voldemort without laying down his own life. When, in the second part of the last book, Harry discovers this dilemma, he feels betrayed and used by the school’s headmaster Dumbledore. I will argue that the free choice Harry has to make regarding his being sacri- ficed, forms a necessary condition for all acts of self-sacrifice. Furthermore, one wonders how Harry’s sacrifice can be interpreted. Is Harry’s self-sacrifice an act of violence against self in order to prevent violence against others, as Derrida states? Can Harry’s self-sacrifice be interpreted as an altruistic sacrifice instead of an egoistic one, in line with the difference Schiller suggested? I will argue: Neither. Harry’s self-sacrifice does not seem to be understandable adequately in terms of a sacrifice. Its meaning has to be re-phrased in terms of a gift. 1.1 Summary For those who did not read the series: The main character, Harry Potter, is an orphan. His parents were killed by the evil wizard Tom Riddle, whose nickname is Lord Voldemort. One-year-old Harry survived the attack. Harry is left to stay Sigrid Coenradie - 9789004335530 Downloaded from Brill.com09/27/2021 12:28:08PM via free access �66 Coenradie with his only remaining family: His uncle and aunt and their spoiled son. This family of muggles (non-wizards) mistreats the young Harry. The series starts when Harry is eleven years old and is invited to enter Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, the setting for most of the books. In each volume, Harry is one year older and the author J. K. Rowling introduces issues consis- tent with Harry’s age at the time. During his first trip on the train to Hogwarts, Harry meets Ron and Hermione. They develop a strong friendship and then fight Voldemort, who is a constant threat to the happy Hogwarts society, together. The last volume, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, is completely devoted to the accomplishment of Harry’s mission to conquer Voldemort, through his self-sacrifice. As will be argued, Harry’s self-sacrifice is not moti- vated by fear, duty or a higher principle. Harry relinquishes his life out of love and with the help of the Hogwarts community. 1.2 A Life Based on Sacrifice Out of Love Harry’s very existence is based on sacrifice, as his mother Lily was protecting him with her life when she was killed by the evil wizard Voldemort. Harry sur- vived the attack. He is the “Boy who lived”, the “Chosen One”. The scar on his forehead, which he received the night his parents died, reminds him, and every- one who meets him, of his destiny. That destiny is to conquer Voldemort, who is still after Harry and wants to conquer the wizard world, out of revenge. Not until the fifth volume does the reader learn what motivated Voldemort to try and kill Harry. It is a prophecy, which states that neither Harry nor Voldemort could live while the other survived: The one with the power to vanquish the Dark Lord approaches (. .) and the Dark Lord will mark him as his equal, but he will have power the Dark Lord knows not (. .) and either must die at the hand of the other for neither can live while the other survives (. .).3 The prophecy functions as a meta-narrative that seems to justify the violence against Harry. However, Nikolaus Wandinger, who compares the sacrifices of Harry Potter, of the school’s headmaster Dumbledore, of teacher Snape and of other characters in the books, has pointed out that this prophecy ironically 3 Joanne K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the order of the Phoenix (London: Barnes & Noble, 2003), 37, 741. Sigrid Coenradie - 9789004335530 Downloaded from Brill.com09/27/2021 12:28:08PM via free access Towards a Grown-Up Faith �67 became self-fulfilling only after Voldemort’s evil action.4 The prophecy was no inescapable fate. It had no power of its own.5 By acting out of fear,6 moreover, by transferring the ability of talking Parsletongue (snake language) and estab- lishing a mind connection, Voldemort himself created his opponent. In the end his down-fall is a self-judgment.7 1.3 Horcruxes There is yet more to the relationship between Lord Voldemort and Harry Potter. As the story unfolds, it becomes clear that Harry is one of seven Horcruxes cre- ated by Lord Voldemort. Horcruxes are fragments of his soul. As is clear from his name, vol-de-mort (fleeing death), Voldemort’s aim is to become immortal. Dividing his soul among the Horcruxes is a way of spreading the risk of death. However, creating a Horcrux has its prize, as it requires a murder to split the soul, and a spell to encase it. Furthermore, the creation of a Horcrux dehuman- izes the murderer by mutilating his soul.8 The night Harry Potter received his scar Voldemort gave Lily the choice to save herself, for it was the baby he wanted. She did not have to die. Yet, she chose to die for Harry. This sacrifice of his mother protected Harry.9 During the assassination assault on Harry, the deathly curse used by Voldemort, “Avada Kedavra!” backfired on himself, thanks to the protection formed by the love of Lily Potter.
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