OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY HUMANITARIAN FACTS AND FIGURES
www.ochaopt.org United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in the occupied Palestinian territory P. O. Box 38712 East Jerusalem 9138602 l tel +972 (0)2 582 9962 l fax +972 (0)2 582 5841 l [email protected] facebook.com/ochaopt @ochaopt Coordination Saves Lives
INTRODUCTION
This publication brings together a series of factsheets makes it virtually impossible for Palestinians to obtain that were published by OCHA over the course of the past building permits, resulting in the demolition, or threat of five years, highlighting different issues of humanitarian demolition, of homes, schools and other structures. concern in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt). The In the Gaza Strip, Israel’s 10-year-long land, air and facts and figures have been reviewed and updated for sea blockade, imposed following the violent takeover this compilation, which comes on the occasion of the 50th of Gaza by Hamas, isolates 2 million Palestinians from anniversary of the start of Israel’s military occupation. the West Bank and the rest of the world.1 The access The occupation is a key driver of humanitarian needs, restrictions, imposed by Israel again citing security to which the international community responds. justifications, and recurrent rounds of active hostilities, Occupation denies Palestinians control over basic aspects have devastated Gaza’s economy, resulting in more than of their daily life and largely determines their ability to 40% unemployment, poor access to basic services and move unimpeded within the occupied territory, exit and aid dependency. return, develop large parts of their territory, build on The internal political divide between the Palestinian their own land, access natural resources or develop their authorities in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip since economy. Some of the restrictions behind these realities 2007, resulted in a split of the Palestinian civil service and have been imposed in response to Palestinian attacks or increased the hardships for Gaza’s population. A salaries citing security justifications. crisis, ongoing since 2014, along with the underfunding Although occupation is intended to be temporary, Israel of the Gaza-based ministries, the duplication of functions increasingly treats parts of the occupied area as its own and the lack of clear reporting lines, has undermined the sovereign territory, seizing lands, intensively exploiting capacity of local institutions to deliver basic services, natural resources, establishing permanent communities respond to emergencies and many other key functions. and altering the demographic composition. These Recent measures adopted by the Palestinian Authority measures have increasingly fragmented the Palestinian have increased electricity blackouts to up to 20 hours a territory, isolating communities, rupturing social day and impacted the availability of essential services and cohesion, affecting economic activity and depriving livelihoods, resulting in a further serious deterioration in Palestinians of many of their human rights. living conditions. Under international law, Israel is required to protect the Prolonged occupation compounds humanitarian needs Palestinian population under its control and provide and hampers their alleviation, leaving vulnerable for its welfare and well-being; it must also respect, households struggling to cope. In 2017, 1.8 million protect and fulfil the human rights of this population. Palestinians are in need of active protection measures As affirmed by various authoritative international provided by the humanitarian community, due to their institutions, from the International Court of Justice to exposure to conflict and violence, displacement or the Security Council, transferring parts of a State’s own restricted access to livelihoods and essential services. civilian population to an occupied territory, unilaterally The prolonged occupation, with no end in sight, annexing territory acquired by force, and destroying cultivates a sense of hopelessness and frustration that homes and other property without a legitimate military drives continued conflict and impacts both Palestinians reason, among other practices, are acts that contravene and Israelis. Palestinians possess the skills and resources international law. necessary, if allowed access, to develop self-sustaining In large areas of the West Bank, occupation-related livelihoods. Therefore, a political solution that ends laws, policies and practices have generated pressures the occupation is the single most important priority to on residents, which place them at risk of forcible reduce humanitarian needs and advance development transfer. Key to this is a restrictive and discriminatory goals in the occupied Palestinian territory. planning regime in Area C and East Jerusalem, which
1. The land blockade is also being referred to by various stakeholders as a “closure”. Israel has justified the sea blockade citing the need to address threats from the “significant military capabilities” developed by the Hamas naval forces.
Occupied Golan Heights Golan Occupied ¥
Lebanon P
(Syria) Al Qunaytirah
Acre P Syria
I R AS ERI TIB I R AS ERI TIB
LAKE OCCUPIEDLAKE PALESTINIAN TERRITORY P Tiberias P Haifa The West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and the Gaza Strip
Nazareth P
Irbid 1949 Armistice (Green Line) P POPULATION
Area A and B JeninP 4.88 million Area C Palestinians live in the oPt, with 2.97 million in East Jerusalem (Unilaterally annexed by Israel) Ajloun the West Bank and 1.88 Tubas P P million in the Gaza Strip. Main City PTulkarm Source: PCBS 2016
Border Crossing Nablus P Qalqiliya P PALESTINE REFUGEES
Salfit Tel Aviv-Yaffo P Balqa 43% P P of the oPt population are JORDAN RIVER Palestine refugees and Amman nearly 50% are below the age of 18. Source: UNRWA 2016 RamallahP Jericho P
Ashdod East FOOD INSECURITY* P PJerusalem Madaba of the population P 47% Safe Passage P of the Gaza Strip and (Non-functional) Bethlehem Mediterranean Sea 16% of the population of the West Bank.
*Moderately to severely food insecure Hebron P Dead S ea Source: (WFP, FAO, UNFPA, PCBS); GazaP City SEFSEC 2014 G S Khan Yunis UNEMPLOYMENT P Jordan Rafah Be'er Sheva P 41% unemployment rate in the Gaza Strip and Karak P 20% in the West Bank. Source: PCBS Q4 2016 ISRAELI SETTLEMENTS HOUSEHOLD SIZE
611,000 Israel 5.2 persons * is the average Palestinian AVERAGE WATER CONSUMPTION Al ‘Ojah / Nitzana Israeli settlers household size in the oPt. live in 250 settlements (including 79 litres/capita/day (l/c/d) outposts) in the West Bank, in the West Bank. including East Jerusalem, in Source: PCBS 2015 contravention of international law. 66 litres/capita/day (l/c/d) in the Gaza strip. Source: ICBS 2016 & JIIS 2015 WHO standard is 100 l/c/d.
Source: WASH Cluster 2017 * Due to water losses through the network, consumption is significantly lower than water supply.
Egypt
2 OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY HUMANITARIAN FACTS AND FIGURES
Wadi ‘Arraba Eilat o P Taba
0 15 30 60 Km GULFAQABA OF KEY DRIVERS OF HUMANITARIAN VULNERABILITY THREATS TO LIFE, LIBERTY AND SECURITY MOVEMENT AND ACCESS RESTRICTIONS
Palestinian civilians across the oPt have been subjected Citing security considerations, Israel restricts Palestinian to threats to their lives, physical safety and liberty from movement within the oPt, including between the Gaza Strip conflict-related violence, and from policies and practices and the West Bank, through a combination of physical obstacles related to the administration of the Israeli occupation. (such as the Barrier and checkpoints) and bureaucratic The Gaza Strip has witnessed three major escalations constraints (particularly permits, and the designation of areas of hostilities in the last ten years, with the 2014 conflict as restricted or closed). While the restrictions on Gaza have recording the highest loss of civilian life in a single continued, the volume of produce entering and leaving Gaza escalation since 1967. Although the 2014 ceasefire has has risen significantly since the 2014 hostilities. The number of largely held, pervasive insecurity and the threat of Palestinians allowed to leave Gaza by the Israeli authorities, violence continues. In the West Bank, the violence that also increased after the 2014 hostilities, but has been again in erupted in late 2015 has continued at a reduced level, decline since the second half of 2016. The isolation of Gaza with perpetrators or alleged perpetrators of attacks has also been exacerbated since 2014 by Egypt’s closure of or attempted attacks against Israelis representing the the Rafah crossing. In the West Bank, in recent years, the majority of Palestinian fatalities. Concerns remain over Israeli authorities have eased some long-standing restrictions, excessive use of force by Israeli forces in their response improving Palestinian access to key urban hubs. However, to such attacks and the lack of accountability by all sides physical and administrative obstacles continue to restrict for violations during successive hostilities in Gaza, Palestinians from entering East Jerusalem, areas isolated by the despite numerous investigations carried out by the Barrier, ‘firing zones’, the Israeli-controlled parts of Hebron Israeli authorities. city (H2), and land around or within Israeli settlements. In addition, temporary travel restrictions have been imposed, FORCED DISPLACEMENT whereby Israeli forces block one or more of the main entries of communities where the perpetrators of attacks against Israelis The forced displacement and dispossession of live or from where stone and Molotov cocktails are regularly Palestinians across the oPt takes place in the context thrown at Israeli vehicles. of Israel’s prolonged occupation, compounded by escalations in hostilities between Israel and Palestinian RESTRICTIONS ON HUMANITARIAN SPACE armed groups in the Gaza Strip. The 2014 conflict resulted in the highest rate of internal displacement since Humanitarian organizations continue to face a range of 1967, displacing 100,000, of whom about 29,000 are still obstacles imposed by the Israeli authorities. These include awaiting the reconstruction of their homes (as of July physical and administrative restrictions on the access and 2017). Throughout the West Bank, many Palestinians are movement of humanitarian actors, especially national at risk of forcible transfer due to a coercive environment employees, who face increasing difficulty in obtaining permits generated by Israeli policies and practices, which create to enter and exit the Gaza Strip since 2016. Other obstacles pressure on residents to leave their communities and include restrictions on the delivery of materials needed for which are often implemented against the backdrop humanitarian projects and limitations on the implementation of the expansion of nearby Israeli settlements. These of projects that involve building, expanding or rehabilitating practices include the demolition of homes, schools infrastructure in the Gaza Strip, Area C or East Jerusalem. In and livelihoods on the grounds of the lack of building Gaza, although the import restrictions remain, a temporary permits, which are almost impossible to obtain; 2016 mechanism put in place since 2014 has facilitated the entry recorded the highest number of demolitions in the West of restricted construction materials. In the West Bank, 2016 Bank since OCHA started recording this trend in 2009, witnessed an unprecedented number of donor-funded followed by a significant decline in the first half of 2017. structures demolished or seized, on the grounds of lack of Other pressures include promotion of plans to relocate a building permit. Such obstacles have hampered the ability Palestinian Bedouin communities to urban townships; of humanitarian organizations to provide assistance and restrictions on access to natural resources; the denial protection to Palestinians throughout the oPt. Humanitarian of basic service infrastructure; and the lack of secure operations in Gaza are also impeded by restrictions imposed residency. by the Hamas authorities, in addition to the continuing closure of the Rafah crossing with Egypt and the ongoing internal Palestinian divide.
OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY 3 HUMANITARIAN FACTS AND FIGURES FACTSHEET
GAZA STRIP THE HUMANITARIAN IMPACT OF THE BLOCKADE
KEY FACTS
ll In June 2007, following the military takeover of Gaza ll The volume of truckloads entering Gaza in the first half by Hamas, Israel imposed a land, sea and air blockade of 2017 has almost returned to the 2007 levels. Since on the Gaza Strip, which intensified earlier access the 2014 conflict, a significant proportion of truckloads restrictions. carried materials for the reconstruction of Gaza.1 ll On a daily average, less than 240 Palestinians were ll Access to areas within 300 metres of the Gaza side of allowed out of Gaza via Israel in the first half of 2017, the perimeter fence with Israel is largely prohibited as compared to 420 in the first half of 2007, before and areas several hundred meters beyond are not safe, the blockade. In September 2000, prior to the second preventing or discouraging agricultural activities. Intifada, the daily average was approximately 26,000. ll Fishermen are only allowed to access 40% of the fishing ll 38% of the applications to Israel for exit permits for areas allocated for this purpose under the Oslo Accords. medical treatment outside Gaza submitted in 2016 were ll The unemployment rate at the third quarter of 2017 was rejected or delayed (meaning that patients missed their 46.6%, while among youth it stood at 64.9% and 71% appointments). This marked a seven-year low in the among women. approval rate. ll Around 47% of households in Gaza suffer from moderate ll The Egyptian-controlled Rafah crossing has been or severe food insecurity. effectively closed since October 2014, including for humanitarian assistance; in the first half of 2017 it has ll 97% of piped water is unfit for human consumption. opened exceptionally on 16 days only. ll More than 70% of Gaza’s population receives some form ll A monthly average of 272 truckloads of commercial of international aid, the bulk of which is food assistance. goods exited Gaza between January-June 2017, up from 178 in 2016. This represents less than a third of the equivalent figure in the first half of 2007 (961).
1. About two million Palestinians in Gaza are ‘locked 3. Restrictions on the import of goods considered by Israel in’, unable to access the remainder of the occupied as “dual use” items continue to undermine the quality Palestinian territory and the outside world. Movement of basic services and impede efforts to address housing restrictions imposed by Israel since the early 1990s and needs. Limited access to construction materials and critical which were intensified after the events of June 2007, citing equipment since 2007 has delayed the construction, repair security justifications, have had a profound impact on living and upgrade of homes and infrastructure, needed to address conditions in Gaza and fragmented the territorial unity and rapid population growth and the devastation caused by the economic and social fabric of the oPt. Those eligible for recurrent hostilities. This has undermined the quality exit permits constitute a small minority, primarily patients, of health, education, and water and sanitation services business people and staff of international organizations. The available in Gaza, and prolonged the displacement of those isolation of Gaza has been exacerbated by Egypt’s closure of who have lost their homes. Although since 2014 the entry the Rafah crossing also. of restricted construction materials has been facilitated by a temporary mechanism (the GRM), the import of other 2. Longstanding access restrictions imposed by Israel have restricted items, particularly those required for water and undermined Gaza’s economy, resulting in high levels sanitation projects, remains a major challenge. of unemployment, food insecurity and aid dependency. These include restrictions on the marketing of goods in the 4. The blockade has raised concern about collective West Bank and Israel; on the import of certain goods to Gaza; punishment and other provisions under international and on the access of people to agricultural land and fishing humanitarian and human rights law. While the relaxation waters in Gaza. The easing of some of these restrictions since of certain restrictions since 2014 is welcomed, this is no the 2014 ceasefire has not enabled a significant reactivation substitute for a full lifting of the blockade on Gaza in line of the economy. The impact of access restrictions is with Security Council resolution 1860. compounded by recurrent rounds of hostilities, which have resulted in the loss of assets and people being left with long- term disabilities; a chronic energy crisis; and the ongoing internal Palestinian divide.
1. The Israeli authorities have raised concern about the diversion of cement allowed into Gaza and temporarily suspended private sector imports in 2016 for this reason. The three signatories to the GRM are working to address these concerns. 4 OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY HUMANITARIAN FACTS AND FIGURES THE GAZA STRIP: The Humanitarian Impact of the Blockade
o- o o tr GAZA STRIP KEY FACTS o t- p r a g a p M op at o M PCBS 2016 h a tar a o cr t a a ta c r c
No Zo E ne n 1 try Deficit .5 nm
Israeli forces Erez y Crossing b d rc tag o e a t rc o Beit Lahiya f 2 1 Beit Hanoun n 0 e 2 r Jabalia , e it b m m e Gaza o rat r oo co r ota li v o City g N c r ho ho rg p p wat r e in c h n s Si fi Nahal Oz s e (Closed since 2010) il m l Karni a c (Closed since 2011) ti TRUCKLOADS E ITING GAZA u a n 6
Deir al Balah
N Z o o E n n e t 1 ry L E B A N O N n I S R A E L m International Border Khan Yunis Green Line t a ar pr a g p EGYPT o th rag o th ota Rafah Airport closed in 2000 and Rafah later destroyed Sufa Gaza - West Bank Crossing (Closed TRUCKLOADS ENTERING GAZA since 2011) Safe Passage closed 2001 11,625 , , , 10,908 10,889 Kerem Shalom N N A A , Crossing D , E R
, N O J
A
R R
West E , R A , E Bank V
E I S 7,577 T R 7,226 I , D E , M Safe Passage , (Non-functional) A E , S ,
D , A E , , D , Gaza Strip I S R A E L
t a ar pr a g p o th rag o th ota
** Figures exclude truckloads carrying fuel.
RAFAH CROSSINGS IN BOTH DIRECTIONS EREZ CROSSINGS INTO ISRAEL E G Y P T
43,440 34,992
31,424 25,813 25,187 21,178 a t a wor r to ra - a a oc a 15,712 arch - ra top a ow g 13,899 15,027 13,454 12,611 13,187 ro g op o r ct o 9,687 8,141 8,416 8,239 J O R D A N 5,640 5,719 7,121 7,052 7,971 7,214 4,191 3,068 3,361 4,376 4,919 5,756 5,3116,238 6,482 6,003 2,393 3,521 2,900 2,482 3,337 1,759 1,857 2,175 t a ar pr a g p t a ar pr a g p Elat o th rag o th ota o th rag o th ota
* The figures reflect number of times people crossed, but not the actual number of people crossing. F
O A
B F A L
Q U
A G
OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY 5 HUMANITARIAN FACTS AND FIGURES FACTSHEET
GAZA STRIP THE HUMANITARIAN IMPACT OF MAJOR ESCALATION OF HOSTILITIES1
KEY FACTS ll The Gaza Strip has witnessed three major escalations displaced families were struck by Israeli missiles in of hostilities in the last ten years: in December the 2008/09 and 2014 escalations. In 2014, Palestinian 2008-January 2009; in November 2012; and in June- groups were found responsible for hiding weapons in August 2014. three UN facilities that were not being used as shelters ll Over 3,800 Palestinians and 90 Israelis were killed in at the time. these escalations. The 2014 hostilities were the most ll Infrastructure and basic services have been severely intense to date and saw the highest loss of civilian life affected; in the 2014 conflict, seven schools and four in Gaza since the beginning of the Israeli occupation in hospitals and clinics were destroyed and 252 schools 1967 (1,460 civilian fatalities).2 and 78 health facilities damaged. ll Over 920 Palestinian children were killed in these ll At least 36 Palestinians, including 14 children, have hostilities. Some 225,000 children in Gaza required been killed as a result of the detonation of explosive some form of psychosocial support and child protection remnants of war (ERW) left after the three escalations, interventions in 2017. and 244 have been injured. The UN has cleared and ll During the 2014 hostilities, 142 Palestinian families had destroyed 29 metric tonnes of ERW and 149 unexploded three or more members killed in a single incident. Some aerial bombs from the 2014 hostilities. 900 people, a third of them children, were permanently disabled and about 100 underwent amputation of limbs. ll Israeli criminal investigations into alleged violations of the laws of war led to the prosecution of soldiers in ll Over 18,000 homes were destroyed or severely damaged five cases; the highest sentence was seven and a half during the 2014 conflict, displacing 100,000, of whom months imprisonment for a soldier convicted of stealing about 20,300 remain displaced as of November 2017. a credit card. No meaningful investigations have been ll UNRWA schools serving as emergency shelters for carried out by Palestinian authorities.
1. In the context of 50 years of occupation, 10 years of Hamas 3. Restrictions on the import of construction materials, rule and blockade and internal Palestinian division, and funding gaps, have delayed the reconstruction and recurrent rounds of conflict have compounded an already repair of destroyed and damaged homes, prolonging precarious humanitarian situation in Gaza, generating displacement. The living conditions of thousands of significant displacement and undermining the quality families still displaced raise a range of humanitarian of health, education, water and sanitation services. The concerns, including disrupted livelihoods, lack of privacy, destruction of productive assets has also contributed to gender-based violence and ERW-related risks. high unemployment, food insecurity and aid dependency. 4. The conduct of the hostilities by both sides has involved Children have been particularly impacted by the conflict, serious violations of international humanitarian law, leaving them with a deep sense of insecurity, fear and including of the principles of distinction, proportionality hopelessness. and precaution in attack.3 However, accountability for 2. Major escalations have resulted in large-scale loss of these violations has remained elusive. Impunity denies life and injury, compounded by an almost total absence victims and survivors the justice and redress they deserve, of basic protective measures, such as bomb shelters or and prevents the deterrence of future violations. effective warning systems. The precarious situation of the public health system impedes the provision of appropriate care and rehabilitation to those who sustained long-term injuries and disability.
1. While the recurrent rounds of hostilities also impacted on Israel’s civilian population, due to the mandate of agencies operating in the oPt, this factsheet focuses on the humanitarian impact inside the Gaza Strip. 2. According to the Israeli authorities, the number of Palestinian non-combatants killed during the 2014 hostilities was 761. 3. See for example the findings of the United Nations Independent Commission of Inquiry on the 2014 Gaza Conflict; and the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict
6 OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY HUMANITARIAN FACTS AND FIGURES THE HUMANITARIAN IMPACT OF MA OR ESCALATION OF HOSTILITIES ON THE GAZA STRIP
Million otal population otal Area Inhabitants per m 2 1 m Million (70%) registered refugees 1 m Source: PCBS 2016 Source: PCBS 2016 Q4
PALESTINIAN FATALITIES FROM CONFLICT IN GAZA
a - ct
- ra rt Israel intercepts flotilla a a ta o r ca at o ho t t o t t a g h a to a a ro a a a ra p rat o rot ct g acc r tr ct o po a oc a r ra o g pt a ch tar a a rport a a w ca pa g to tro a t a gg g t ra at ra ct o ca at o co t a a gag ro ho t t tart ca at o ho t t a a p rat o a t a p rat o ar o *Excluding two Palestinians who died of wounds sustained in previous years
FAMILIES STILL DISPLACED N
R North Gaza
Photo by Suhaib Salem FAMILIES R Palestinian boy sleeping inside his destroyed home in the Shuja’iyeh 1,180 neighbourhood of Gaza City, September 2015. Gaza City
1, 8 PALESTINIAN FATALITIES AND DAMAGE TO HOMES No unding availa le FROM ISRAELI MILITARY OPERATIONS 20141 20122 2008/093 GAZA ISRAEL Gaza Middle Military Operation ‘Protective ‘Pillar of ‘Cast Lead’ ۳۰۰21 Edge’ Defence’ 756 Palestinian Fatalities 2,251 174 1,383
Khan Yunis Totally Destroyed 11,000 184 3,425 ٥٦۷31 (Housing Units) Severe/Major Damage 12,500 198 2,843 755 (Housing Units) Rafah Partial/Minor Damage 147,500 10,000 54,800 (Housing Units) 14 521
E
G
Y
P
T
1. Shelter Cluster Factsheet, May 2017. 2. Shelter Sector Gaza, Shelter Advocacy Fact Sheet, 5, March 2013. 3. UNDP, One Year After, Gaza Early Recovery and Reconstruction Needs Assessment, p.49.
OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY 7 HUMANITARIAN FACTS AND FIGURES FACTSHEET
GAZA STRIP THE HUMANITARIAN IMPACT OF THE INTERNAL PALESTINIAN DIVIDE KEY FACTS ll In June 2007, following open hostilities between Fatah provides; in June, Israel reduced its supply accordingly and Hamas, the latter took control of the Gaza Strip, by 33%. initiating a divide between the West Bank-based ll Since June 2017, households and service providers Palestinian Authority (PA) and the de-facto Hamas in Gaza are receiving between four and six hours of authorities in Gaza. electricity a day. ll In October 2017, the two parties reached a reconciliation ll Some 250 critical facilities providing health, water and agreement and subsequently, Hamas handed over sanitation, and solid waste collection services are being control of the Palestinian side of the three Gaza supported by emergency fuel delivered by the UN, as of crossings to the Government of National Consensus. November 2017. Most measures adopted by the PA since March 2017, ll Due to delays in shipments from the West Bank and which led to a deterioration of the humanitarian longstanding funding gaps, 45% of essential drugs at situation, are yet to be reverted. the Central Drug Store in Gaza were out of stock as of ll Since 2014, all 22,000 civil servants recruited by the October 2017. Hamas authorities have received less than half of the ll The referral of patients to medical treatment outside equivalent PA salaries, and on an irregular basis. The Gaza has also been disrupted since March 2017, amid other 62,000 staff in Gaza, who are on the PA’s payroll disputes and accusations between the two authorities. but mostly remain at home, had their allowances cut since March 2017, resulting in 30-50% reduction in ll Over 108 million litres of untreated sewage are being take-home pay. discharged into the Mediterranean every day due to electricity and fuel shortages. ll Measures adopted by the PA regarding the funding and taxation of fuel for the Gaza Power Plant (GPP) led to the ll The Palestinian Civil Defense in Gaza, in charge of shutdown of the plant in April 2017. The GPP resumed rescue operations during emergencies, can operate partial operations in late June, with fuel purchased in at less than 45% of its normal capacity, due to critical Egypt. shortages in staff and equipment, partially due to PA budget cuts. ll In May 2017, the PA decided to cut its payments for the electricity that Israel, the largest supplier to Gaza,
1. The division in the Palestinian civil service has reduced cleaning and sterilizing of medical facilities. Patients’ long- the capacity of local institutions in Gaza to deliver basic term health is also threatened by delays in the shipment of services, to respond to emergencies and to enforce the rule essential drugs and disposables by the PA’s MoH, and the of law, increasing the hardships on the general population. disruption in the referral of patients to medical treatment In the aftermath of the 2007 takeover, thousands of public outside Gaza. The financial crisis and the lack of training employees in Gaza were forced by the PA to stop working, opportunities due to the access restrictions have also led to but continued receiving their salaries. Those subsequently shortages in skilled personnel, especially anesthesiologists, recruited by the Hamas authorities have not received surgical nurses and technicians. regular salaries since 2014, while those paid by the PA have 4. The shortage of power and of fuel to operate water and recently had their allowances cut. Absenteeism as a result of wastewater treatment facilities has reduced access to the salary crisis has been compounded by the underfunding water and increased the risk of waterborne diseases. The of the Gaza-based ministries, the duplication of functions limited operation of water pumps and water desalination and the lack of clear reporting lines. plants has led to a decline in water consumption and 2. Disputes over the funding and taxation of fuel, as well as hygiene standards. The shortening or suspension of sewage over the collection of payments from electricity consumers, treatment cycles has led to the increased pollution of the sea have undermined the functioning of Gaza’s sole power along the Gaza and southern Israel coast. There is a constant plant (GPP) and led to its recurrent shutdown. To cope risk of back-flow of sewage onto streets, which may lead to with the long blackouts, service providers are resorting to flooding, displacement, and waterborne diseases. back-up generators, which depend on the availability of 5. Following the Hamas takeover, key donors reduced fuel and are not designed for continuous use. The import of and/or conditioned their funding for humanitarian and new generators and spare parts is restricted by Israel. The development projects in Gaza. This contributed to the recent decision by the PA to reduce payments for Israeli- channeling of assistance towards sectors and institutions supplied electricity from the Israeli grid has aggravated the free of Hamas control, not necessarily to areas where crisis significantly. assistance is most needed. Restrictions stemming from 3. Medical services in Gaza have been severely affected counter- terrorism legislation in their countries of origin, by the electricity cuts and the reduction in the budget along with the “no contact” policy with Hamas imposed by allocated by the PA Ministry of Health (MoH). To cope some donors, have further restricted the operational space with the lack of power, hospitals are postponing elective of international NGOs in Gaza. surgeries, discharging patients prematurely, and reducing
8 OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY HUMANITARIAN FACTS AND FIGURES THE HUMANITARIAN IMPACT OF THE INTERNAL PALESTINIAN DIVIDE ON THE GAZA STRIP
ELECTRICITY DEMAND SUPPLY IN MEGA ATTS M PRE APRIL ELECTRICITY Gri im SUPPLY Y SOURCE (Al Ba ar Line)
Meiron (Beit La ia line)
MW MW
MW & Erez Eival De i it a alia Line MW MW (Beit Hanun) M MW KJ ¹º» M M M M Nort M Ga aM MW v® v® MM v® v® M x Egypt MW MW v® v® v® v® v® MW MW MW MWKJ Ga av® MW Israel MW MW Hours o MW MWKJ ele tri ity ¹º» MW Ne arot Hours o Nahal Oz / MW ¹º» Fuel Pipeline (Bag dad Line) ele tri ity Karni Crossing Hours o MW & (Al Montar) MW ele tri ity MW GPP MW Hemda M MW (Al u a Line) M Until mid April mid April mid une From late une M Gaza Iron MW (Al S a Line) & Power & MW Plant
x v® & MW Middle Area MW MW Roma GA A STRIP TOTAL (Middle Line)
MW x Kela (Kisufim Line) a MW KJ v® x K an Yunis I S R A E L
Deficit
MW v® KJ S iryon Mv® (K an Yunis Line)
MW Ra a MW
MW v® Ga a Line rc tag o MW MW ¹º» ctr c r ra Palestine a t Line º» Sufa Surya ctr c r g pt ¹ (Ra a Line) MW Rafah ctr c r ow r a t Ga a (Al 'Awda) Line º» Kerem Shalom o p ta E G Y P T ¹ (Karrm Abu Salem)
SALARY CUTS ATER SUPPLY IN GA A S AFF IN HE HEA H, EDUCA ION AND WA ER AND SANI A ION SEC ORS FROM PRODUCTION TO CONSUMER o -wor g ta pa t a - a H L/C/D o ele tri ity availa le/day L/C/D Rea House ols c t c arch PRODUCED WATER H or g ta pa th o ater availa le/day t a - a r a t every days
or g ta pa a a a thor t rr g ar pa t c t c
Source: Palestinian Ministry of Finance in Gaza lost due to net or lea s HEALTH FINANCIA APPRO A S OF MEDICA REFERRA S A ERAGE WAI ING IME FOR E.N. .* E EC I E DIARRHEA CASES AMONG ( OF PA IEN S)* 2017 SURGER A SHIFA HOSPI A (IN MON HS) 2017 CHI DREN UNDER 2017
a ar pr a g p ct a ar pr a g p ct a ar pr a g p ct Source: WHO Source: PCHR Source: WHO * ENT: Ear, nose and throat * Financial approvals are granted by the West Bank-based Ministry of * Postponement of elective surgeries is a measure adopted by hospitals * The incidence of diarrhea is an indicator of the quality of water, sanitation Health to cope with the energy shortages. and hygiene services and habits.
OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY 9 HUMANITARIAN FACTS AND FIGURES FACTSHEET
WEST BANK MOVEMENT AND ACCESS IN THE WEST BANK
KEY FACTS
ll By the end of 2016, there were 572 fixed movement ll Some 85% of the 712 kilometres-long Barrier’s route obstacles, including 44 permanently-staffed runs inside the West Bank rather than along the “Green checkpoints, 52 partially-staffed checkpoints, and 376 Line”. Where the Barrier is complete, currently 65% roadblocks, earthmounds and road gates.1 of the route, most Palestinian farmers must obtain special permits or ‘prior coordination’ to reach their ll More than 100 additional obstacles, including 18 land isolated between the Barrier and the Green Line. permanent checkpoints, segregate part of the Israeli- controlled area Hebron city (H2) from the rest of the city. ll Palestinians holding West Bank IDs require permits to enter East Jerusalem, except men over 55 and women ll While the number of obstacles has remained largely over 50. Between 2011 and 2015, on average, 17% of the constant in recent years, the types have changed: permit applications by patients seeking access to East dozens of roadblocks were turned into road gates Jerusalem or Israeli hospitals were rejected. and some checkpoints are only occasionally staffed, allowing greater mobility when tension declines. ll Access to 20% of the West Bank is prohibited by military order on the grounds that the area is designated as a ll In 2016, Israeli forces deployed an average of 107 ad- ‘firing zone’ for military training, or as a border buffer hoc ‘flying’ checkpoints along West Bank roads each zone. week. ll Palestinians access to the over 10% of the West ll Over 400 kilometres of roads are prohibited or highly Bank lying within the municipal boundaries of Israeli restricted for Palestinian-plated vehicles, excluding settlements, is prohibited by military order; farmers can military roads and roads inside settlements. reach their private land within or around settlements ll About 88,000 Palestinians living in 23 localities are twice a year at most, subject to ‘prior coordination’. forced to use detours, which are two to five times longer than the direct route, to reach the closest city or service centre, excluding East Jerusalem.
1. Hundreds of movement obstacles deployed by the also severs densely populated Palestinian neighbourhoods Israeli army, citing security concerns, impede traffic located within the municipal boundary of Jerusalem from flows and contribute to the fragmentation of the West the urban core, forcing their residents to cross checkpoints Bank. The detours needed as a result, as well as the to access the rest of the city. delays at checkpoints, impede the access of Palestinians to 4. Access restrictions to grazing land along the Jordan Valley, livelihoods and services, and undermine economic activity. as well as to Palestinian privately-owned land within Some checkpoints have become flashpoints for friction and and around settlements, have undermined herding and clashes. Occasionally, following attacks against Israelis, agricultural livelihoods and increased the dependency the military also block the main entrances to the localities of affected communities on humanitarian assistance. where the perpetrators lived. Palestinians living in the settlement area of Hebron city also 2. The Barrier, along with its permit and gate regime, has face severe restrictions in moving in and out of their homes, undermined the agricultural livelihoods of Palestinian maintaining a family life and accessing services. As such, families owning land in the closed area between the access restrictions contribute to the generation of a coercive Barrier and the Green Line, while those residing in that environment placing affected families and communities at area face reduced access to services. The construction of the risk of forcible transfer. Barrier followed a wave of Palestinian attacks inside Israel 5. Under international law, Israel has the obligation to and has the stated aim of preventing such attacks. facilitate the free movement of Palestinians within the 3. The permit regime imposed in the early 1990s, and the oPt, including East Jerusalem. Exceptions to this obligation construction of the Barrier in the 2000s, have progressively are recognized only for imperative reasons of security and isolated East Jerusalem from the rest of the West Bank, only in response to specific security threats. The sections transforming its geography, economy and social life. of the Barrier running inside the West Bank, together with Consequently, Palestinians living elsewhere in the oPt face the associated gate and permit regime, are unlawful under severe restrictions in accessing specialized hospitals and international law.2 holy sites, or visiting their relatives in the city. The Barrier
1. Excluding checkpoints on the Green Line, ad-hoc ‘flying’ checkpoints, and closures within Hebron city. 2. International Court of Justice, Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, 9 July 2004.
10 OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY HUMANITARIAN FACTS AND FIGURES MOVEMENT AND ACCESS IN THE WEST BANK
JAYYUS MO EMENT AND ACCESS IN THENABLUS EST BYPASS AN ROAD: Access of Jayyus’ farmers to most of their agricultural land, The Nablus bypass road, which connects Elon Moreh settlement to the which is isolated behind the Barrier, is subject to a restrictive south, has been pr largely banned for Palestinian use since 2000, blocking permit regime, and is possible only through a designated the main route into Beit Dajan village (4,200 people) and impeding gate, undermining the village’s main source of livelihood. access to farming land by six PalestinianNA LUS villages. YPASS ROAD h a pa roa wh ch co ct o or h tt t to th o th ha arg a or a t a c oc g th a ro t to t a a ag p op a p g th acc to ar g a a t a ag . AYYUS cc o a ar r to o t o th r agr c t ra a wh ch o at h th arr r ct to a r tr ct HIZMAp r t r g a po o thro gh a g at gat ¹º» r g th ag a o rc o hoo . Citing the need to prevent stone throwing at Israeli vehicles, ¹º»
in 2016, the army blocked the main entrances to Hizma Jenin village (6,500 residents) for 37 days, hampering people’s ¹º» J" access to services, as well the commercial life in the village. ¹º» ¹º» ¹º» ¹º»
Tubas ¹º» Tulkarm J" HI MEH ¹º»J" t g th to pr t to throw g at ra h c ¹º»¹º» ¹º» th ar oc th a tra c to a ag ¹º» ¹º» ¹º»¹º» r t o a ha p r g p op acc to Nablus KAFR r c AQAB a w th co rc a th ag . J" ¹º» ¹º» ¹º» Kafr Aqab falls within the municipal boundary of Jerusalem Qal¹º»qiliy¹º»a P! ¹º» ¹º» but is separated from the rest of the city by the Barrier. J" ¹º» ¹º»¹º» ¹º» Residents must cross a checkpoint to access services and places of work in the rest of the city, and the municipality has ¹º» ¹º» effectively stopped delivering services in the area. ¹º» SJ"alfit ¹º» ¹º» AFR A E ¹º» a r a w th th c pa o ar o r a t ¹º» parat ro th r t o th c t th arr r. h r t » t cro a ch c po t to acc r c a p ac o wor th ¹º r t o th c t a th c pa t topp r g r c th ar a. ¹º» ¹º» ¹º» ¹º» Ramallah BANI NA’IM ¹º» J" ¹º» ¹º» Since the end of 2015, the army has blocked some or all of ¹º» P! Jericho the main entrances to Bani Na’im (26,500 people) for pro- ¹º» ¹º» ¹º» J" longed periods, following attacks against Israelis carried out ¹º» ¹º»P! in other locations by residents of the town, disrupting access Eas¹º»t to services and livelihoods. Jerusalem J" ¹º»¹º» ¹º» ¹º» ANI NA IM ¹º» ¹º» ¹º» c th o th ar ha oc o or a o th Beth¹º»lehem ¹º» ¹º» ¹º» a tra c to a a p op or pro o g ¹º»¹º» J" ¹º» p r o o t o ow g attac aga t ra carr o t ¹º»¹º» » ¹º» oth r ocat o r t o th tow r pt g acc to ¹º ¹º»¹º» r c a hoo . ¹º» ¹º»¹º» ¹º» ¹º» HEBRON H2 ¹º» ¹º» ¹º» ¹º» Over 100 checkpoints and roadblocks separate the settle- ¹º» ment area of Hebron city, from the rest of the city. Several HeJ"bron streets within this area are designated for the exclusive use of ¹º» P! settlers and Palestinian traffic is banned. ¹º» ¹º» ¹º»¹º» ¹º» H » ¹º» ¹º r ch c po t a roa oc parat th tt t ar a o ro c t wh r a t a ro th ¹º» r t o th c t . ra tr t w th th ar a ar g at for the exclusive use of settlers and Palestinian traffic is ¹º» 1. Excluding checkpoints on the Green Line, ad-hoc ‘flying’ checkpoints, and closures within Hebron city. ¹º» ¹º» 2. International Court of Justice, Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, 9 July 2004. a . ¹º»
OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY 11 HUMANITARIAN FACTS AND FIGURES FACTSHEET
WEST BANK AREA C: KEY HUMANITARIAN CONCERNS
KEY FACTS
ll Over 60 percent of the West Bank is considered Area designated as a ‘firing zone’ for military training; 6,200 C, where Israel retains near exclusive control, including Palestinians living in 38 communities in these areas over law enforcement, access and movement, and face the risk of forcible transfer. planning and construction. ll The development or cultivation of 14% of Area C ll Some 300,000 Palestinians live in 532 residential designated by Israel as ‘nature reserves is severely areas located partially or fully in Area C, alongside restricted. 400,000 Israeli settlers residing in approximately 230 ll More than 70% of communities located entirely or settlements, some of them (“outposts”) established mostly in Area C are not connected to the water network without the formal approval by the Israeli authorities, and rely on tankered water at vastly increased cost. but with their support. Water consumption in some Area C communities drops ll Less than 1% of Area C is covered by a planning scheme to 20% of the global standard (20 out of 100 litres per for Palestinian communities approved by the Israeli day per capita). authorities. ll Nearly half of the Area C communities report that their ll The average rate of approval of applications for building access to emergency and basic health care is hampered permits in Area C for Palestinians between 2009 and by the long distances to the nearest clinic, and/or the 2016 stood at less than 3%. need to pass a checkpoint. ll Between 2009 and 2016, Israel demolished over 4,000 ll Were Palestinians allowed to access and develop Area C Palestinian-owned structures in Area C on the grounds without the current restrictions, Palestinian GDP would of lack of building permits, while over 12,500 demolition increase by an estimated 35% (The World Bank, 2013). orders are currently outstanding. ll Palestinian entry to, or residence in, nearly 30% of Area C is prohibited on the grounds that the area is
1. The restrictive planning regime applied by Israel in households to buy water from private vendors, at rates up Area C makes it virtually impossible for Palestinians to to five times the price of piped water. The recent reactivation obtain building permits, impeding the development of of the Israeli-Palestinian Joint Water Committee may adequate housing, infrastructure and livelihoods. Public facilitate an improvement in the water supply to some Area (also called ‘state’) land has been automatically allocated C communities but the results are yet to be seen. to Israeli settlements or for military training, while most 4. Over a third of Palestinian communities in Area C lack private Palestinian land is zoned as agricultural land, a primary school, forcing children to travel or walk long where construction is severely restricted. Along with distances to reach the nearest school. Some of these children other constraints, this regime contributes to the creation face additional challenges on their way to school, such as the of a coercive environment on residents, leading to risk of need to cross a checkpoint, or exposure to harassment by forcible transfer. Israeli settlers. To cope with this situation, affected families 2. Palestinian homes, animal shelters, water cisterns and often move out of the community, leave their children service infrastructure built without permits in Area C during the week with relatives in the community where the are routinely destroyed or seized, displacing already school is located, or entirely withdraw them from school, a vulnerable families and disrupting their livelihoods. practice particularly affecting girls. Humanitarian assistance provided in Area C, some of it in 5. As an occupying power, Israel has the obligation under response to demolitions/seizures, has been also increasingly international humanitarian law to ensure that the basic targeted in recent years. Demolitions and displacement have needs of Palestinians living in the territory it occupies, led to entrenched poverty and increased aid dependency including in Area C, are met. Where needed, Israel must among residents of affected communities. The psychosocial agree to, and facilitate, the delivery of humanitarian impact of demolitions and displacement on children is relief and protection. The destruction of private or public disproportionally high. property is prohibited, unless absolutely required for 3. Due to the restrictive planning regime, most Palestinian military operations. Also prohibited is the forcible transfer communities in Area C are not connected to the water of Palestinian civilians, including within the occupied network, and/or face impediments on the rehabilitation territory, as well as the transfer of part of Israel’s population of existing connections and the construction or repair into the occupied territory. of water cisterns. This situation forces already vulnerable
12 OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY HUMANITARIAN FACTS AND FIGURES PALESTINIAN COMMUNITIES AND RESIDENTS IN AREA C BY GOVERNORATE
t a ar a JJ"enin
t at r t Tubas Tulkarm J" J"
Nablus © Photo by OCHA. J" Qalqiliya Houses in the Palestinian Bedouin community of Arab al Jahalin al Jabal, east of J" Jerusalem, against the backdrop of the Israeli settlement of Ma’ale Adummim.
Salfit PALESTINIAN RESIDENTS IN AREA C J" BY TYPE OF COMMUNITY ( )
City/To n Village APPRO RamJ"allah Jericho PALESTINIANS J" East JeruJ"salem No Man s Re ugee Camp Hamlet/En ampment Area A B Land Bethlehem e in L J" en Area C re Source: OCHA 2013 G e tic is rm A 49 COMMUNITIES PARTIALLY / TOTALLY IN AREA C 19
Percentage of built up Estimated residents Hebron area in Area C Communities in Area C J" 175,866 ess than 50% 240 50 99% 51 55,018 100% 241 67,016 Grand otal 5 2 297,900
Source: OCHA 2013 Source: OCHA 2013
DEMOLITION ORDERS AGAINST PALESTINIANS PALESTINIAN STRUCTURES DEMOLISHED/SEIZED IN AREA C BY STATUS IN AREA C
Ready or e e ution File losed On old due to legal E e uted pro eedings
DEMOLITION ORDERS In Pro ess Source: Israeli Civil Administration an O t
OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY 13 HUMANITARIAN FACTS AND FIGURES FACTSHEET
WEST BANK EAST JERUSALEM: KEY HUMANITARIAN CONCERNS KEY FACTS
ll Around 320,000 Palestinians currently reside in East ll At least a third of all Palestinian homes in East Jerusalem, in addition to 212,000 Israeli settlers who Jerusalem lack Israeli-issued building permits, which reside in the settlements which have been constructed are difficult to obtain, potentially placing over 100,000 and expanded since 1967, contrary to international law. residents at risk of displacement. ll Since 1967, over 14,500 Palestinians have had their ll Since 2000, the Israeli authorities have demolished Jerusalem residency revoked by the Israeli authorities. some 1,400 houses and other structures in East Jerusalem. In 2016, East Jerusalem recorded the ll Approximately 4.5 million Palestinians from the highest number of demolitions since 2000. remainder of the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt) are prohibited from residing in East Jerusalem and cannot ll At least 180 Palestinian households in East Jerusalem enter the city without Israeli-issued permits, which are are at risk of forced displacement due to settler difficult to obtain. Those who obtain permits can only activities, particularly in the Old City, Silwan and Sheikh use three of the 13 checkpoints along the Barrier. Jarrah neighbourhoods. ll Tens of thousands of Palestinian residents of East ll There is a chronic shortage of classrooms in East Jerusalem are physically separated from the urban Jerusalem: 2,600 additional classrooms are required to centre by the Barrier and are effectively abandoned by accommodate Palestinian children and many existing the municipality; they must cross crowded checkpoints facilities are substandard or unsuitable. to access health, education and other services to which ll 76% of Palestinian residents of East Jerusalem and they are entitled as residents of Jerusalem. 83% of the children live below the Israel-defined poverty ll 35% of the land in East Jerusalem has been confiscated line. for Israeli settlement use; only 13% of East Jerusalem is zoned for Palestinian construction, much of which is already built up.
1. Israel’s annexation of East Jerusalem and of the from the urban centre, and have been effectively surrounding West Bank hinterland contravenes abandoned by the municipality. Basic facilities and international law and it is not recognized by the services are degraded or lacking entirely, forcing international community.1 Israeli settlement activity residents to cross checkpoints to access health, in East Jerusalem is illegal and occurs at the expense education and other services to which they are of land and resources for Palestinian construction and entitled. The Palestinian Authority has no jurisdiction development. in these areas and the Israeli police seldom enter, 2. Many Palestinians in East Jerusalem are at risk of thus creating a security vacuum manifested in forcible displacement from demolitions, settler unsupervised/wildcat building, as well as increasing evictions and revocation of residency, due to their lawlessness, crime and drug trafficking. lack of a secure legal residency status. In the long term, 5. Israeli measures, including the annexation of land, failure to address these factors risks undermining the the construction of the Barrier, and the use of Palestinian presence in East Jerusalem. the permit regime, have increasingly cut off East 3. Palestinians in East Jerusalem benefit from certain Jerusalem from the rest of the oPt. These measures advantages compared to their counterparts in impede access of Palestinians from the rest of the the rest of the West Bank, in particular regarding oPt to services in East Jerusalem, including health freedom of movement and access to the Israeli health facilities that provide specialised and emergency system. However, they face significant constraints in health services. Physical and bureaucratic obstacles accessing housing and services due to a combination also restrict access of medical staff to hospitals and of a restrictive planning system and a discriminatory clinics, access of students to their schools, and the allocation of municipal resources. enjoyment from normal family life. 4. Due to the Barrier’s deviation from the Israeli- declared municipal boundary, certain Palestinian areas in East Jerusalem are physically separated
1. See UN Security Council resolutions 252, 267, 471, 476 and 478.
14 OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY HUMANITARIAN FACTS AND FIGURES 2 o ¥ h 2 s c i a r b u J e T m m s e e E propriated for E propriated Settlements Israeli 24.50 km l u h oned for Palestinian for Palestinian oned Construction 9.18 km l n i e b s a l h n a u h a r t l N l J e e a J e B m t i m i n f a r m l a o r y r i a a l R m i b S k a q e l 5% u l u K f a H T m Q i r 1 % A d a m u K f A d 2 a r e m i r A
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OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY 15 HUMANITARIAN FACTS AND FIGURES FACTSHEET
WEST BANK THE HUMANITARIAN IMPACT OF ISRAELI SETTLEMENT ACTIVITIES
KEY FACTS
ll About 250 Israeli settlements have been established ll A third of the housing units in the neighborhoods across the occupied West Bank since 1967, some adjacent to the settlement compounds of Hebron city of them without the formal approval of the Israeli (1,105 out of 3,358) were abandoned by their Palestinian authorities (“outposts”), but with their support. residents as a result of access restrictions and ll Some 611,000 Israelis currently live in settlements, systematic violence and harassment. two-thirds of them in Area C and one third in East ll 18 Palestinian Bedouin communities in the Jerusalem Jerusalem. governorate, located in an area planned for the ll The official municipal boundaries of Israeli settlements, expansion of Ma’ale Adummim settlement, are at risk which cover more than 10% of the West Bank, are of forcible transfer. declared ‘closed military areas’ and are off-limits for ll After declining for three consecutive years, settler Palestinians. incidents resulting in Palestinians casualties or damage ll Over 400 kilometres of West Bank roads serving Israeli to their property increased by 88% in the first half of settlers (excluding internal settlement roads) are 2017 as compared to 2016 (on a monthly average). prohibited or highly restricted for Palestinian-plated ll Between 2005 and 2016, over 90% of the investigation vehicles, citing security concerns. files on settler attacks against Palestinians and their ll Over 800 Palestinians in East Jerusalem are currently property filed with the Israeli Police were closed without 1 at risk of eviction due to legal cases initiated under the the indictment of a suspect. Israeli court system, mainly by settler organizations claiming ownership over the properties.
1. Settlements are illegal under international humanitarian have contributed to a decline in the frequency of settler law as they violate Article 49 of the Fourth Geneva attacks. Convention, which prohibits the transfer of the occupying 4. Many of the restrictions on Palestinian movement, which 2 power’s civilian population into occupied territory. The undermine access to basic services and livelihoods, are establishment and constant expansion of settlements has imposed to protect Israeli settlements and facilitate also involved the infringement on the human rights of their daily life, at the expense of Palestinians. The Israeli Palestinians, including the right to property, to freedom of authorities have justified most of the Barrier’s deviations movement and to equality before the law. from the from the Green Line, which resulted in the isolation 2. The official seizure of land for the establishment and of Palestinian land and communities, by the need to expansion of settlements, alongside the takeover of protect the settlements blocs from Palestinian attack. Many land by settler groups, have deprived Palestinians of checkpoints and roadblocks divert Palestinian traffic from their property and reduced the space available for them certain roads serving the settler population, onto secondary to sustain their livelihoods. In some areas, this has also and longer routes. Farmers are allowed to reach their land affected the access of Palestinians to water sources used for within or around the outer limits of settlements twice a year irrigation, livestock and domestic consumption. The loss of at most, subject to prior approval by the Israeli authorities. land and water resources has increased the vulnerability of 5. The loss of land, exposure to violence and/or access rural communities, generating the need for humanitarian restrictions, along with the application of a restrictive interventions, including food and cash assistance. planning regime, have generated a coercive environment 3. The Israeli authorities’ failure to adequately enforce the placing many of these Palestinian communities at risk rule of law on Israeli settlers has increased the level of of forcible transfer. This risk is particularly high among threat to Palestinians and their property in many West Palestinian Bedouin and herding communities in areas Bank areas. This has included not only the failure to hold planned for settlement expansion; those living in and perpetrators of attacks accountable, but also the retroactive around properties in East Jerusalem purchased or claimed “legalization” of settlements built on Palestinian land by settler organizations; and those living in the vicinity of taken over by force. Despite this, in recent years the Israeli the settlement compounds in Hebron city. authorities have adopted some preventive measures which
1. Out of a sample of 1,174 cases monitored by the Israeli organization Yesh Din. 2. This has been confirmed by the International Court of Justice, the High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention and the United Nations Security Council.
16 OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY HUMANITARIAN FACTS AND FIGURES SETTLER RELATED INCIDENTS RESULTING IN PALESTINIAN CASUALTIES OR PROPERTY/LAND DAMAGE
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" " " " " "" " " " " " " " " " " "" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " " "" " " " " " " " " " " " " "" "" " " " " " "" " " " " " " " " "" " " "" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "" " """ " " " " " " "" " " " " " " """ " " " " " " " " " """ " " " "" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " " " " " " " " " Barrier: Planned " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " "" " " " " "" " " " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " " " " " "" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " " " " " " " " "" "" " "" "" " " Source: ICBS " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " " Israeli Firing Zone " " "" " " " " " " "" " " " " " "
OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY 17 HUMANITARIAN FACTS AND FIGURES FACTSHEET
WEST BANK PALESTINIANS AT RISK OF FORCIBLE TRANSFER
KEY FACTS
ll Between 2009 and 2016, Israeli authorities demolished ll Nearly 30% of Area C is designated as “firing zones” or seized over 4,800 Palestinian-owned structures in the for Israeli military training where residency or access West Bank, mostly in Area C and East Jerusalem. is prohibited. These areas are home to over 6,200 Palestinians at risk of eviction. ll Less than 1% of Area C and some 13% of East Jerusalem have Israeli approved plans, allowing Palestinians to ll Access of Palestinian farmers to land isolated by the apply for building permits. Barrier is restricted to 84 agricultural gates, of which 65 operate only during the olive harvest. ll The average rate of approval of applications for building permits for Palestinians in Area C in 2009-2016 stood at ll Over 14,500 East Jerusalem Palestinians have had their less than 3%. There are currently over 12,500 demolition IDs revoked since 1967. orders pending against Palestinian property in Area C. ll At least a third of Palestinians in East Jerusalem live ll More than 70% of communities located entirely or mostly in unlicensed homes and face the risk of demolition in Area C are not connected to the water network and rely and displacement. Over 800 Palestinians are at risk of on tankered water at vastly increased cost. eviction due to legal cases initiated mostly by Israeli settler organizations. ll 46 Palestinian Bedouin communities in the central West Bank, home to some 8,000 Palestinians, the majority ll Nearly a third of the housing units in the settlement- registered Palestine refugees, have been targeted by affected area of Hebron city were abandoned by their the Israeli authorities for “relocation” to a number of Palestinian residents and are currently vacant. designated sites.
1. Many Palestinians across the occupied West Bank, livelihoods of Palestinian communities, especially areas particularly in Area C, East Jerusalem, and the settlement between the Barrier and the Green Line, and Palestinian area of Hebron city (H2), are at risk of forcible transfer. farmland within or next to Israeli settlements, can be Certain Israeli policies and practices applied in these reached only a few days a year. Access to traditional grazing areas create a coercive environment, which generates land in areas designated as ‘firing zones’ is prohibited. pressure on Palestinians to leave their communities.11 Cultivation or grazing in areas declared as ‘nature reserves’ These include the demolition and threat of demolition is heavily restricted. of homes, schools and livelihoods; denial of service 4. The Israeli authorities have facilitated the takeover by infrastructure; access restrictions on farming and grazing Israeli settlers of properties in the heart of Palestinian land; poor law enforcement on violent settlers; the active neighborhoods in East Jerusalem and Hebron city (H2) promotion of ‘relocation’ plans; and revocation of residency and the establishment of settlements there. In many cases rights, among others. this has involved the eviction of families residing in those 2. The restrictive and discriminatory planning regime properties and generated a range of restrictions for those applied in Area C and East Jerusalem makes it virtually living nearby, including on the use of public space, on impossible for Palestinians to obtain the requisite Israeli residential growth and on freedom of movement. building permits. Public and confiscated land in those 5. Most Palestinians living in annexed East Jerusalem are areas has been allocated almost exclusively to Israeli considered ‘permanent residents’ of Israel under Israeli settlements or to the military. Most private land has been law. While this status ensures some social and economic zoned as agricultural or ‘green’, or not planned, impeding rights, it can be revoked on various grounds, forcing people the issuance of permits in these areas. To meet their housing to leave the city or preventing them from returning. This and livelihood needs, many Palestinians are left with little has been implemented mainly towards Palestinians who choice than to build without permits, risking demolition failed to prove that Jerusalem is their ‘centre of life’, or who and displacement, or to move elsewhere. have obtained residency in another country. 3. Access to large agricultural areas across Area C is prohibited or severely restricted, undermining the
1. “Displacement and relocation to alternative residential areas, as a result of demolition orders, and a coercive environment, could amount to individual and mass forcible transfer and forced evictions, contrary to the obligations of Israel under international humanitarian and human rights law”. Report of the Secretary-General, A/HRC/31/43, 20 January 2016, para. 68.
18 OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY HUMANITARIAN FACTS AND FIGURES PALESTINIAN EDOUIN COMMUNITIES EAST ERUSALEM IN THE CENTRAL EST AN AT RIS OF FORCI LE TRANSFER PALESTINIANS AT RIS OF E ICTION Burqa court cases filed mostly by Israeli settler organizations !P Hizma Khallet al !P Neve Ya'akov Maghara !^ !^
!P Maghayer Beit Hanina !^ Beit Hanina al Balad ad Deir !^ !^ Pisgat Ze'ev Mikhmas !^!P !^ Bedouins !^
Mikhmas !^ !^ Ramot Allon Shu'fat !P !^ !^ Abu Shusheh !^!^ Anata Bedouins !^ Ramat Shlomo Shu'fat Camp !^ !^ !^!P !^ Jericho !^ !^ J" !^!^ French Hill Ma'azi !!P Al Baqa'a !^ !^ Jaba' Ramat Eshkol !^ Al 'Isawiya !P !^!P !^!^ !^ Jaba' !^ !^!^!^!^ !^ !^ !^!^!^ !^ ! !T !T Jaba' (Tajammu' !^!^ !^ Sheikh Jarrah !P Dahiyat al !^ Badawi) Hebrew University !P !^!^ Aqbat !^ ! !^ !^ !^ Karm Al Jaouni Bedouins Im Haroun Sheikh Jarrah !^ Sheikh Jarrah Az Za'ayyem t a t r a Bab az Zahira Neve Ein el r a ^!!P Old City Ya'akov Qilt ! At Tur Hizma !P Kfar Adumim Almon Ras al ‘Amud Tublas Wadi Hilweh Al 'Eizariya ¹º» !^!P Silwan Hizma Batn Al Hawa North 'Anata Silwan Pisgat Ze'ev Bedouins Abu George Al Hathroura Abu Dis Khan al Khan Ath Thuri !^!P Road Bedouins Ahmar - Al Ahmar !^!P - Nkheila Khan ^!!P Mihtawish - Abu al ! Fheidat !P Al Ahmar Shu'fat !^ !P !P Helu - Makab !^ !^ !^!P !T Jabal al Mukabbir P! Camp as Samen P! South 'Anata Abu George !^!P ¹º» Road Bedouins !T Khan Al Anata Bedouins (Wa'ar !P !^ !P Ahmar - Wadi al Beik) - Kassara !^ East Talpiyyot !P !^!P As Sider Palestinians at risk of eviction ^!!P !^!P !^!P Bir al Khan al Wa d i ! As Sawahira ash Sh Az Za'ayyem Maskoob A Ahmar - Al 'Isawiya Sneysel Bir al Barrier P! Bedouins E1 Abu Falah Maskoob B East Jerusalem !P !^!P !^ !P Beit Safafa Israeli settlement Az Za'ayyem Ash Sheikh Sa'd a Sur Bahir e S Palestinian community d Za'atreh Herders a e Az Za'ayyem D ! Mishor Gilo T !P Adumim !T At Tur !P Bedouins!T At Tur !P ¹º»¹º» P! ¹º» Jabal Ma'ale al Baba Adummim !P Wadi al Households People Ras al !^!P ^!!P Wadi al ! Jimel A'awaj 'Amud Al 'Eizariya P! P! !^!P Beit Hanina 7 41 ¹º» Abu Beit Safafa 17 88 Abu Dis Nuwar Wadi Abu P! ^!!P Hindi Sheikh Jarrah, Im Haroun 5 1 9 Ath Arab al ! !P !P !!P Thuri Jahilin - !^ Sheikh Jarrah, arm al Jaouni 2 97 al Jabal P! Jabal al Al Jabal Qedar Sheikh Jarrah 8 27 Mukabbir Relocation Silwan Batn al Hawa 62 09 As Sawahira !^ ¹º» Site ! Community at Risk Areas A,B ash Sharqiya Silwan - Wadi Hilweh 5 24 Al Muntar !^!P !P Relocation Site Area C !P ¹º» Wadi Ras al 'Amud 2 12 An-Nar !P Palestinian Community » Israeli Closed Military Area Old City - Burj Laqlaq 6 ¹º º» Checkpoint Ash ¹ Israeli Military Base !P Israeli Police Old City - Al Qirami 4 20 Sur Sheikh Headquarters Israeli Settlement Built-up Bahir Sa'd OldGiv Cityat Ha -' aAqbatvot as Saraya 6 24 Planned Barrier Israeli Settlement Settlement Barrier Constructed/ Municipal Area ¥ Abu Deyya Old City - Aqbat al Khaldiya 8 1 n Under Construction Main Road T Kirya t Arba Wnidaad Settlement SETTLEMENT AFFECTED AREA ITHIN n n THE ISRAELI CONTROLLED PART OF HE RON CITY H
n H1 DG n Wadi Al n Hussein n DG n D Al n DG G -Sh n uh D ad G a DG St n n H2 DG D BeiDt HadasDsah G G DGG DG DG D D D D G G G G DG DG DG D D D DG G G D G Tel Rumeida Beit RomaDno G D G DG DG Jewish Cemetery G n D AL-Ibrahimi Mosque D DG G Old City D G GDG (Cave of Patriarchs) DG DD DG D DG GG D DöG G DG G D DG DG DDG D DG G D G DG G G D DG DG G DG DG DG Tel Rumeida DG Avraham Avinu DG D DG D D D G DG DGDG GD D G G G DG DG DG DG DG DG Givat D DG Al-Mutanabi Kharsina Israeli Settlement Compound DGWholesale MarketG Settlement DG D n D G D Access Restricted Area G D G DG Barbed wire DG n D Hebron G D DG G Closed Military Area D G G DG D D nn Kiryat G GDG Arba D D Road: Palestinian Vehicular and/or G D D Settlement D G D DG Pedestrian Access Prohibited DG D D H1 Qeitun D D G DG H2 D Closure Obstacle G DG Checkpoint 160 DG n Palestinian School Hebron Israeli Settlement Compound Access Restricted Area OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY 19 HUMANITARIAN FACTS AND FIGURES P. O. Box 38712 Tel. +972 (0)2 582 9962 East Jerusalem 9138602 Fax +972 (0)2 582 5841 www.ochaopt.org [email protected]
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