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Growth and Yield of Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana L. Gaertn.) As Influenced by Intercropping with Pulses

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Growth and Yield of Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana L. Gaertn.) As Influenced by Intercropping with Pulses Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(8): 2297-2303 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 8 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.908.263 Growth and Yield of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) as Influenced by Intercropping with Pulses Dhimmagudi Ramamohan Reddy1*, P. Shalini Pillai1, Jacob John2, A. Sajeena2 and J. C. Aswathy1 1Department of Agronomy, Kerala Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 2Kerala Agricultural University, Integrated Farming System Research Station, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT K e yw or ds A study was conducted at Integrated Farming System Research Station, Karamana, Finger millet Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, to assess the effect of intercropping in finger millet and to Eleusine coracana, assess the effect of AMF on the growth and yield of finger millet. The field experiment Arbuscular was laid out in randomized block design with 11 treatments replicated thrice. The mycorrhizal fungi treatments comprised finger millet (with and without AMF) intercropped with pulses, viz., green gram, black gram and cowpea along with the sole crop of all the above crops. The Article Info results elicited that both AMF and intercropping had significant effect on the growth and Accepted: yield of finger millet. The sole crop of finger millet with AMF was found to show superior 20 July 2020 growth and yield attributes of finger millet. Among the intercropping systems, finger Available Online: millet (with AMF) + cowpea was found to excel in the growth and yield. 10 August 2020 Introduction minerals (Sehgal and Kawatra, 2003). Thus, millets which were once christened as poor Millets are regarded as one of the ancient man’s food is acquiring acceptance in the foods known to mankind. The hardy nature of food basket of the rich as the keystone millets has gained them the recognition as the towards a healthy and sustainable food staple food of people living in the drier parts revolution. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana of the world. Millets are also known as (L.) Gaertn) is cultivated in the tropical and ‘famine reserves’ due to their prolonged shelf subtropical regions, has been reported to life of more than two years without thrive on hardly 28 per cent of the water deterioration (Sahu and Sharma, 2013). requirement of rice (Triveni et al., 2017). Further, millets are nutritionally comparable India, finger millet occupied an area of 1.19 or even superior to rice and wheat with million hectares accounting for a production respect to protein, energy, vitamins, and of 1.98 million tonnes and an average 2297 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(8): 2297-2303 productivity of 1661 kg ha-1 (Sakamma et al., millet variety PPR 2700, was intercropped 2018). As for Kerala, finger millet was with pulses, viz., green gram (CO 8), black reported in an area of 33 ha covering the gram (DU 1) and cowpea (Kanakamony), in districts of Palakkad and Idukki with a the ratio 4:1. Finger millet was raised with production of 42 t (FIB, 2019). and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which was obtained from the The ever-shrinking per capita land availability Department of Agricultural Microbiology, warrants both temporal and spatial College of Agriculture, Vellayani. The intensification of agricultural systems (Kiwia experiment was laid out in randomized block et al., 2019). Crop diversification through design with 11 treatments replicated three intercropping has been acknowledged as a times. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) principal pillar for ensuring sustainable were applied to finger millet at the time of development. Crops which vary in their sowing. The treatments comprised of finger growth habits are grown together so that they millet (with or without) intercropped with complement one another resulting in higher pulses, viz., green gram, black gram and resource use efficiency. Legumes assume cowpea and the sole crop of all the four paramount importance in intercropping mentioned crops. The soil of the experimental systems involving cereals / millets because of site was sandy clay loam in texture, strongly their ability to fix and transfer nitrogen. Sole acidic in reaction, high in organic carbon, low cropping of millets like finger millet is in available nitrogen and medium in available usually not appreciably remunerative and it phosphorus and potassium status. The data fails to satisfy the diverse consumer demand. generated were statistically analysed using The initial slow growth phase of finger millet analysis of variance technique (ANOVA), as can be utilized for raising short duration applied to randomized block design (Gomez pulses. Moreover, intercropping with fast and Gomez, 2010). growing pulses will also help in reducing the weed problems. Combining intercropping Results and Discussion with biofertilization has been observed to enhance crop productivity and soil fertility. Growth and Growth Attributes Linking cereal – legume intercropping through common mycorrhizal network The results of the study revealed that improves the productivity of crops intercropping had significant effect on the (Hauggaard-Nielsen and Jensen, 2005). growth and growth attributes of finger millet. Hence, the study entitled was undertaken to The effect of intercropping on plant height assess the productivity of intercropping finger and LAI of finger millet exhibited millet with pulses, to study the effect of AMF significance only at 30 DAS. The tiller count on the performance of finger millet under was observed to vary significantly with intercropping and to work out the land intercropping at 30 and 60 DAS whereas dry equivalent ratio (LER). matter production varied significantly at 30 and 60 DAS as well as at harvest (Table 1 and Materials and Methods 2). Among the intercropping systems, T8 (finger millet with AMF + cowpea) registered A field experiment was conducted at the highest dry matter production. The higher Integrated Farming System Research Station, LAI, tiller count, crop growth rate and relative Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, growth rate supported by this treatment might during the summer 2019 - 2020 where finger have contributed to the higher dry matter 2298 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(8): 2297-2303 production. Dry matter production and light growth. Inoculating AMF has been observed interception are directly related and light to result in significant increase in growth rate interception is mainly dependent on the LAI and dry matter production of crops (Ewert, 2004; Portes and de Melo, 2014). (Mudalagiriyappan et al., 1997). Increases in crop growth rate and relative growth rate are Crop growth rate of finger millet was mainly mediated by an increase in leaf area significantly higher in sole crop of finger index and consequent improvement in millet with AMF (T2), both at 30 to 60 DAS radiation use efficiency. Similar results have (6.373 g m-2 day) and 60 DAS to harvest been reported by Chavan et al., (2019). (5.830 g m-2 day). Similar trend was observed with relative growth rate also (Table 3). Yield of Finger Millet Between the sole crops of finger millet, without and with AMF (T1 and T2), growth Grain yield and straw yield were superior for attributes such as plant height, tillers per sole crop of finger millet treated with AMF plant, LAI, total dry matter production, crop (T2) compared to that without AMF (T1) (Fig. growth rate and relative growth rate were 1). Inoculation with AMF was observed to observed to be significantly higher with improve the yield of finger millet application of AMF. The total dry matter intercropped with green gram, black gram and produced by finger millet at harvest was 16.9 cowpea. Compared to sole crop, yield per cent higher with AMF. Irrespective of the reduction of finger millet (without AMF) was pulse intercropped, AMF improved the to the tune of 20.01, 24.05 and 16.38 percent growth attributes of finger millet. Arbuscular respectively with green gram, black gram and mycorrhizal fungi have been reported to cowpea. However, the same with AMF was possess consistent impact on stomatal only 10.42, 11.36 and 7.01 per cent. This conductance, transpiration, CO2 exchange, shows the effect of AMF in enhancing photosynthesis and chlorophyll content competitive ability of finger millet under (Panwar, 1991) and consequently plant intercropped situation. Table.1 Effect of intercropping on plant height and tillers per plant of finger millet Treatment Plant height (cm) Tillers per plant (nos) 30 60 At 30 60 At DAS DAS harvest DAS DAS harvest T1 : Finger millet as sole crop (without AMF) 17.62 63.00 91.77 1.37 3.20 5.00 T2 : Finger millet as sole crop (with AMF) 17.81 67.06 90.36 2.47 3.97 5.83 T3: Finger millet (without AMF) + green gram 15.69 59.78 92.87 1.80 3.50 5.40 T4 : Finger millet (with AMF) + green gram 17.78 65.66 97.14 1.87 3.77 5.67 T5: Finger millet (without AMF) + black gram 15.80 63.93 94.08 1.23 3.13 5.07 T6 : Finger millet (with AMF) + black gram 17.17 67.16 97.90 1.97 3.43 5.30 T7 : Finger millet (without AMF) + cowpea 17.33 65.51 93.45 1.73 3.53 5.46 T8 : Finger millet (with AMF) + cowpea 16.95 68.56 90.08 2.47 4.40 5.40 T9 : Green gram as sole crop - - - - - - T10: Black gram as sole crop - - - - - - T11: Cowpea as sole crop - - - - - - SE m (±) 0.45 2.84 2.33 0.19 0.22 0.23 CD (0.05) 1.375 NS NS 0.588 0.660 NS 2299 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci
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