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Water-Quality, Bed-Sediment, and Biological Data

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Water-Quality, Bed-Sediment, and Biological Data WATER-QUALITY, BED-SEDIMENT, AND BIOLOGICAL DATA (OCTOBER 1995 THROUGH SEPTEMBER 1996) AND STATISTICAL SUMMARIES OF DATA FOR STREAMS IN THE UPPER CLARK FORK BASIN, MONTANA By Kent A. Dodge, Michelle I. Hornberger, and Ellen V. Axtmann U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 97-552 Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY and the CONFEDERATED SALISH AND KOOTENAI TRIBES Helena, Montana September 1997 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Gordon P. Eaton, Director For additional information write to: Copies of this report may be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services Federal Building, Drawer 10076 Box 25286 Helena, Montana 59626-0076 Denver, Colorado 80225-0286 CONTENTS Page Abstract...................................................................................................._^ 1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Sampling locations and types of data.................................................................................................................................... 3 Water-quality data................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Methods..................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Results........................................................................................................................................................................ 5 Quality assurance....................................................................................................................................................... 5 Bed-sediment data................................................................................................................................................................. 9 Methods..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Results........................................................................................................................................................................ 10 Quality assurance....................................................................................................................................................... 10 Biological data....................................................................................................................................................................^ 11 Methods..................................................................................................................................^ 11 Results.....................................................................................................................^^ 12 Quality assurance....................................................................................................................................................... 12 Statistical summaries of data................................................................................................................................................. 13 References cited.................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Data....................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 ILLUSTRATION Figure 1. Map showing location of study area............................................................................................................ 2 TABLES Table 1. Type and period of data collection at sampling stations in the upper Clark Fork basin, Montana.................. 3 2. Properties and constituents analyzed in samples of water, bed sediment, and biota from the upper Clark Fork basin, Montana.......................................................................................................................... 4 3. Data-quality objectives for analyses of water-quality samples collected in the upper Clark Fork basin, Montana....................................................................................................................................................... 7 4. Water-quality data for the upper Clark Fork basin, Montana, October 1995 through September 1996.......... 16 5.-7. Daily streamflow and suspended-sediment data, October 1995 through September 1996, for: 5. Clark Fork at Deer Lodge, Montana....................................................................................................... 28 6. Clark Fork at Turah Bridge, near Bonner, Montana............................................................................... 32 7. Clark Fork above Missoula, Montana.................................................................................................... 36 8. Chemical and suspended-sediment analyses of field replicates for water samples, upper Clark Fork basin, Montana............................................................................................................................................ 40 9. Precision of chemical and suspended-sediment analyses of field replicates for water samples, upper Clark Fork basin, Montana.......................................................................................................................... 41 10. Precision of chemical analyses of laboratory replicates for water samples, upper Clark Fork basin, Montana....................................................................................................................................................... 42 11. Recovery efficiency for trace-element analyses of laboratory-spiked deionized-water blanks....................... 43 12. Recovery efficiency for trace-element analyses of laboratory-spiked stream samples, upper Clark Fork basin, Montana.................................................................................................................................... 44 13. Chemical analyses of field blanks for water samples...................................................................................... 45 CONTENTS ill TABLES-Continued Page Table 14. Trace-element analyses of fine-grained bed sediment, upper Clark Fork basin, Montana, August 1996........ 46 15. Trace-element analyses of bulk bed sediment, upper Clark Fork basin, Montana, August 1996.................... 47 16. Recovery efficiency for trace-element analyses of standard reference materials for bed sediment................. 48 17. Trace-element analyses of procedural blanks for bed sediment....................................................................... 49 18. Trace-element analyses of biota, upper Clark Fork basin, Montana, August 1996 ......................................... 50 19. Recovery efficiency for trace-element analyses of standard reference material for biota............................... 52 20. Trace-element analyses of procedural blanks for biota.................................................................................... 53 21. Statistical summary of water-quality data for the upper Clark Fork basin, Montana, March 1985 through September 1996.............................................................................................................................. 54 22. Statistical summary of fine-grained bed-sediment data for the upper Clark Fork basin, Montana, August 1986 through August 1996.............................................................................................................. 66 23. Statistical summary of bulk bed-sediment data for the upper Clark Fork basin, Montana, August 1993 through August 1996 ................................................................................................................................... 71 24. Statistical summary of biological data for the upper Clark Fork basin, Montana, August 1986 through August 1996................................................................................................................................................. 76 CONVERSION FACTORS AND ABBREVIATED WATER-QUALITY UNITS _________________Multiply______________By_____________To obtain______________ cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.028317 cubic meter per second foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m) gallon (gal) 3.785 liter (L) gallon (gal) 3,785 milliliter (ml) inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm) inch (in.) 25,400 micrometer (f^m) mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer ounce (oz) 28.35 gram (g) part per million 1 microgram per gram (ng/g) square mile (mi2) 2.59 square kilometer ___________ton per day (ton/d)______________907.2______________kilogram per day___________ Temperature can be converted from degrees Celsius (°C) to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) by the equation: oF - 9/5 (OQ + 32 Abbreviated water-quality units used in this report: Hg/g micrograms per gram micrograms per liter micrograms per milliliter j^S/cm microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius mg/L milligrams per liter Water-year definition: A water year is the 12-month period from October 1 through September 30. It is designated by the calendar
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