Sportovní Brownfieldy V Ýr Masarykĥv Stadion Na Strahovč

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Sportovní Brownfieldy V Ýr Masarykĥv Stadion Na Strahovč Construction on brownfields Sportovní brownfieldy v ýR MasarykĤv stadion na StrahovČ Z. KramáĜová Fakulta stavební ýVUT v Praze, Praha, ýeská republika RESUME: Sports brownfields in Czech Republic, Masaryk’s stadion at Strahov Solving and revitalization of sport brownfields is attended to very small attention in the Czech Republic. It is mainly evocated by the fact that the sport brownfields are seldom totally unused real estates, more likely it is by about critically underused areas, which are not often marked as brownfield – what is fault. By the definition of “brownfield”, which is used by Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic, it is evident that sport areas, which are mostly unused but they are not typical representatives, are brownfields. „BROWNFIELD is real estate (land, building, area), which is seldom used, deprived and can be contaminated. It originates as resident of industry, agricultural, residential, military or another activity. Brownfield can not be properly and effectively used till the process of regeneration is done. Brownfield definition, National Strategy of brownfield regeneration, June 2008 Sport brownfields in the Czech Republic first of all originate from the publics falling of interest in active sporting. Falling of interested is made by change of population live style and next by financial situation in society. Change of live style could be indicated by the self-indulgence. Mainly young generation and children are interested in computer gameing, browsing the Internet, listing in modern magazines, watching TV and video, … . Globaly this trend implicates not only in obesity of population, but also in small usage of sport areas. At the second there are much more bigger financial claims to exercise sport activities. Nowadays sport and sport activity are closer to professional level than formerly, for example 25 years ago, cause sport equipment is more quality and expensive. Price of sport clubs is in another rate to ordinary family income, than it was. Interest in sport is changing by modern sport fields – football and ice hockey are the same, athletics is going down. Between the events, which could not be classified as the sport activity, start excel afternoon relax activity of general public, for example bowling. Sport brownfields in the Czech Republic are mainly areas and buildings of sports, which are not attractive and tempt small number of peoples – mainly athletics. Výstavba na brownfields 79 Construction on brownfields One of the biggest sport brownfields of the Czech Republic and in the world is Masaryk´s stadium at the Strahov – mostly known as “Strahovský spartakiádní stadium” (Picture 6), which is written in Guiness world records. The beginning of construction was started in 1926 (Pictures 1 and 2). Stadium was intended for “Vãesokolský slet” (Picture 3) – it is people exercising by the choreography. After The Second World War the stadium was finished and was intended for “Spartakiáda” (Pictures 4 and 5) – it is quitely the same as “Vãesokolský slet”. In 1990 – 2002 the stadium was used as place for concerts of modern interprets and place of trade fair. In 2003 the part of Masaryk´s stadium was declareted as registered cultural landmark (Table 1 and Picture 7). Since 2002 the inside area is rented by AC Sparta Praha fotbal, a.s. for 30 years. AC Sparta Praha fotbal, a.s. used this place for practising and another sport activities. The platforms and the other buildings are underused and they are not able to cover the financial claims, which are needed for operation and maintenance, cause they are destroyed. In summer of 2010 the publics were shocked by information, that The Czech Sports Association wants demolish Masaryk´s stadium at Strahov and the place want to sell to developers. The finance of selling will consolidate the situation in Czech sport. Locality is very attractive for developers, because it is situated near centre of the Prague and has very good connection to traffic infrastructure (Picture 8). This idea dashed against to number of important factors, which complicated its realisation – for example cultural protection of building, more that one holder, the size of area and financial claims, capital investments in area, number of demolishing and replacing of material, … . These factors do the revitalisation so hard, that it can be realised only with government help. 80 Výstavba na brownfields Construction on brownfields 1 ÚVOD V rámci diskusí na stále aktuální téma „brownfieldy“ v ýeské republice zatím jen málokdy zaznívá uåãí zamČĜení na sportovní brownfieldy. V tomto smČru se nejedná ani tak o pochybení jako spíãe o snahu odborné veĜejnosti prozatím se vyhnout oblasti, pro níå není dostatek impulsĤ k Ĝeãení (ideových, technických i finanþních). V oblasti revitalizací prĤmyslových a zemČdČlských brownfieldĤ se jedná vesmČs o nemovitosti v atraktivních lokalitách, urþených pro dalãí rozvoj podnikání, tudíå i relativnČ krátkou dobu návratnosti investovaných prostĜedkĤ. Tyto brownfieldy bývají zpravidla revitalizovány na podnikatelské aktivity, které jsou ekonomicky výnosné a zaruþují svým provozem brzskou návratnost vloåených investic. Tato situace vãak neplatí v oblasti sportu a sportovních brownfieldĤ. V souþasné dobČ jsou mezi þásteþnými brownfieldy nebo potenciálními brownfieldy (nemovitosti, které jsou vzhledem ke svému vyuåití na hranici oznaþení za brownfield nebo hrozí v jejich blízké budoucnosti moånost tohoto oznaþení) evidovány i mnohé plochy pro sport. Je to dáno nejen niåãím zájmem obþanĤ o aktivní sport, ale i zvýãením celkové finanþní nároþnosti sportu – niåãí dotace ze strany státu a obcí pro sportovní zaĜízení, zvýãení nárokĤ na nejnutnČjãí úpravy pro provoz (zvýãení kvality sportoviãĢ), zvýãení nákladĤ na provoz (energie, ménČ zájemcĤ, …). ýeský svaz tČlesné výchovy jiå delãí dobu hovoĜí o finanþních problémech v oblasti sportu, které se projevují zejména na stavu nČkterých sportoviãĢ. 2 STADION NA STRAHOVċ Jedním z nejznámČjãích a nejvČtãích brownfieldĤ ýeské republiky a patrnČ i ve svČtČ je bývalý Spartakiádní stadion na StrahovČ – spíãe známý jako „Strahovský stadion“, který je i zapsán v GuinessovČ knize rekordĤ. Dnes je stadion pojmenován po prvním presidentu republiky T.G.Masarykovi – MasarykĤv stadion. Objekt je leåí mezi ulicemi Vaníþkova (východní strana, severovýchodní stana a jihovýchodní strana) a Atletická (jihozápadní strana), Stadionem Evåena Roãického (západní strana) a Malým stadionem na StrahovČ (severozápadní stana). Jde o vskutku obĜí stadion jehoå rozmČry jsou cca 405 x 298 metrĤ, celková plocha je tedy cca 120.000 m2, plocha cviþiãtČ má rozmČry 310,5 x 202,5 metru, coå je 62.876 m2. Kapacita stadionu je 250.000 míst, z toho je cca 56.000 míst k sezení. Hlavním vstupem na stadion je východní vstup z Vaníþkovy ulice (od vysokoãkolských kolejí), který se nazývá Brána borcĤ (mČĜí cca 50 metrĤ). Na plochu cviþiãtČ se souþasnČ veãlo aå 14.000 cviþencĤ. Tento objekt vČtãina národa vnímají jako pozĤstatek „socialistické éry“, jako megalomanství své doby. Tento mýtus se pokusím vyvrátit struþným shrnutím historie výstavby a provozu stadionu, který nezaþala budovat v jeho rozmČrech strana komunistická pro spartakiády, ale jiå v meziváleþném období stát pro obec sokolskou. Výstavba na brownfields 81 Construction on brownfields Obrázek 1. Výstavba tribuny na StrahovČ - celkový pohled na tribunu (soukromá webová stránka 2010 http://strahovskystadion.sweb.cz/) 2.1 Výstavba a provoz stadionu do roku 2002 Jak jiå bylo zmínČno stadion na StrahovČ nebyl pĤvodnČ postaven pro konání celostátních spartakiád. První myãlenky na výstavbu velkého sportovního parku, který mČl být situován v prostoru bývalých strahovských lomĤ se objevily jiå pĜed rokem 1913. Areál zamýãlela provozovat ýeská obec sokolská, která v roce 1913 nechala vypracovat ideový návrh parku, který mČl zahrnovat kromČ sportovního stadionu i dalãí sportoviãtČ a dČtská hĜiãtČ. Dalãí snahy o výstavbu byly vãak pĜeruãeny první svČtovou válkou. Obrázek 2. Výstavba tribuny na StrahovČ – bliåãí pohled (soukromá webová stránka 2010 http://strahovskystadion.sweb.cz/) 82 Výstavba na brownfields Construction on brownfields Obrázek 3. XI. vãesokolský slet na Státním stadionu na StrahovČ v roce 1948 (soukromá webová stránka 2010 http://strahovskystadion.sweb.cz/) Dalãím krokem po válce bylo v roce 1919 zakoupení pozemkĤ v prostoru lomĤ Praåským magistrátem. V roce 1925 propĤjþil Praåský magistrát stavební právo ýeskoslovenskému státu na 80. let a bylo zapoþato s výstavbou. BČhem jednoho a þtvrt roku bylo postaveno cviþiãtČ, dĜevČné tribuny, ãatny pro cviþence, seĜadiãtČ, jídelny a hygienické zaĜízení – vãe podle návrhu Aloise Dryáka. Díky tomuto rychlému stavebnímu tempu se zde mohl v létČ roku 1926 poprvé konat VIII. vãesokolský slet. V následujících letech aå do zaþátku druhé svČtové války probČhla modernizace stadionu podle projektĤ Ferdinanda M. Balcárka a Karla Knoppa. Byly zbudovány betonové tribuny, prostory pro cviþitelský ãtáb a orchestr, presidentská lóåe a reprezentaþní prostory, dvČ ãestipatrové vČåe a svČtový unikát – reproduktory zapuãtČné do plochy cviþiãtČ.V prĤbČhu úprav stadionu se na nČm v letech 1932 a 1938 konaly IX. a X. vãesokolský slet. Výstavba na brownfields 83 Construction on brownfields Obrázek 4. První spartakiáda na Spartakiádním stadionu na StrahovČ, rok 1955 (soukromá webová stránka 2010 http://strahovskystadion.sweb.cz/) Po skonþení druhé svČtové války byl stadion pojmenován jako „Státní stadion“. V roce 1948 tu na XI. vãesokolském sletu cviþilo na 16.000 znaþkách
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