Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (Red-billed )

European Red List of

Supplementary Material

The European Union (EU27) Red List assessments were based principally on the official data reported by EU Member States to the European Commission under Article 12 of the Birds Directive in 2013-14. For the European Red List assessments, similar data were sourced from BirdLife Partners and other collaborating experts in other European countries and territories. For more information, see BirdLife International (2015).

Contents Reported national population sizes and trends p. 2 Trend maps of reported national population data p. 3 Sources of reported national population data p. 5 Species factsheet bibliography p. 8

Recommended citation BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

Further information http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/info/euroredlist http://www.birdlife.org/europe-and-central-asia/european-red-list-birds-0 http://www.iucnredlist.org/initiatives/europe http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/conservation/species/redlist/

Data requests and feedback To request access to these data in electronic format, provide new information, correct any errors or provide feedback, please email [email protected].

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (Red-billed Chough)

Table 1. Reported national breeding population size and trends in Europe1. Country (or Population estimate Short-term population trend4 Long-term population trend4 Subspecific population (where relevant) 2 territory) Size (pairs)3 Europe (%) Year(s) Quality Direction5 Magnitude (%)6 Year(s) Quality Direction5 Magnitude (%)6 Year(s) Quality Albania 0-50 <1 2002-2012 poor ? ? Andorra 200-300 <1 1999-2001 poor ? ? Armenia 1,500-5,000 5 2002-2012 medium ? ? Azerbaijan 2,000-15,000 10 2014 poor 0.0 0 2000-2014 poor 0.0 0 1980-2014 poor Bulgaria 0 <1 2001-2012 medium ? ? France 1,000-3,000 3 2008-2012 poor 0 0 2001-2011 poor ? Georgia Present <1 ? ? Greece 1,100-1,800 3 2008-2012 medium - 5-30 2001-2012 medium ? Rep. Ireland 839 1 2002-2003 good 0 0 1992-2003 medium + 24-30 1982-2003 medium Italy 1,050-1,500 2 2011 medium ? ? Kosovo 100-150 <1 2009-2014 good ? ? FYRO Macedonia 50-75 <1 2001-2012 medium 0 0 2001-2012 medium - 10-50 1980-2012 medium Portugal 120-300 <1 2012 good 0 0 2001-2012 good - 43-46 1980-2012 good Russia 5,000-10,000 13 2000-2007 good - 60-70 2000-2010 good ? Spain 16,943 30 1998-2002 good 0 0 1998-2012 good - 1980-2012 good ES: Canary Is 250-1,000 1 1997-2003 poor ? ? Switzerland 60-70 <1 2010 medium 0 0 2001-2012 medium 0 0 1980-2012 medium Turkey 10,000-30,000 31 2013 poor 0 0 2000-2012 poor - 0-19 1990-2013 poor United Kingdom 250-350 1 2002 good + 28 1992-2008 good + 39 1982-2008 good EU27 21,600-25,700 40 Stable Europe 40,500-86,400 100 Decreasing 1 See 'Sources' at end of factsheet, and for more details on individual EU Member State reports, see the Article 12 reporting portal at http://bd.eionet.europa.eu/article12/report. 2 The designation of geographical entities and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or BirdLife International concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 3 In the few cases where population size estimates were reported in units other than those specified, they were converted to the correct units using standard correction factors. 4 The robustness of regional trends to the effects of any missing or incomplete data was tested using plausible scenarios, based on other sources of information, including any other reported information, recent national Red Lists, scientific literature, other publications and consultation with relevant experts. 5 Trend directions are reported as: increasing (+); decreasing (-); stable (0); fluctuating (F); or unknown (?). 6 Trend magnitudes are rounded to the nearest integer.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Trend maps

A symbol appears in each country where the species occurs: the shape and colour of the symbol represent the population trend in that country, and the size of the symbol corresponds to the proportion of the European population occurring in that country.

KEY

Ç Large increase (≥50%) È Large decrease (≥50%) Ç Moderate increase (20–49%) È Moderate decrease (20–49%) Ç Small increase (<20%) È Small decrease (<20%) ñ Increase of unknown magnitude ò Decrease of unknown magnitude

å Stable or fluctuating 0 Unknown ¢ Present (no population or trend data) Ð Extinct since 1980

Each symbol, with the exception of Present and Extinct, may occur in up to three different size classes, corresponding to the proportion of the European population occurring in that country. ñ Large: ≥10% of the European population ñ Medium: 1–9% of the European population ñ Small: <1% of the European population

The designation of geographical entities and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or BirdLife International concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Figure 1. Breeding population sizes and short-term trends across Europe.

Figure 2. Breeding population sizes and long-term trends across Europe.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (Red-billed Chough)

Sources

Albania Breeding population size: Bino pers. obs. Andorra Breeding population size: BirdLife International 2004 Armenia Breeding population size: ASPB data Azerbaijan Breeding population size: AOS data base Breeding short-term trend: AOS data base Breeding long-term trend: AOS data base Bulgaria Breeding population size: Nankinov, D., А. Dutsov, B. Nikolov, B. Borisov, G. Stoyanov, G. Gradev, D. Georgiev, D. Popov, D. Domuschiev, D. Kirov, E. Tilova, I. Nikolov, I. Ivanov, K. Dichev, K. Popov, N. Karaivanov, N. Todorov, P. Shurulinkov, R. Stanchev, R. Aleksov, R.Tsonev, S. Dalakchieva, S. Ivanov, S. Marin, S. Staikov, S. Nikolov & H. Nikolov. 2004. Breeding totals of the ornithofauna in Bulgaria, 2004. Green Balkans, Plovdiv. 32 pp. Expert opinion. Breeding short-term trend: No data. Breeding long-term trend: No data. Breeding population size: ROCHE J.E., MULLER Y. & SIBLET J.-Ph. 2013 Une méthode d'estimation des oiseaux nicheurs de France, SEOF, p. 241-268 Johannot F. et Weltz M. 2012 Crave à bec rouge, La documentation française, p. 293-296 Breeding short-term trend: 2013 Crave à bec rouge Jan 2013 Crave à bec rouge Breeding long-term trend: 2013 Crave à bec rouge Jan 2013 Crave à bec rouge Georgia Breeding population size: BirdLife International 2004 Greece Breeding population size: Xirouchakis, S. & Handrinos, G. 2009. Red-billed Chough. In: Legakis, A. & P. Maragou (eds.). The Greek Red Data Book. Hellenic Zoological Society. Breeding short-term trend: Xirouchakis, S. & Handrinos, G. 2009. Red-billed Chough. In: Legakis, A. & P. Maragou (eds.). The Greek Red Data Book. Hellenic Zoological Society. Republic of Ireland Breeding population size: Gray, N., Thomas, G., Trewby, M. & Newton, S. (2003) The status and distribution of Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax in the Republic of Ireland 2002/03. Irish Birds 7: 147-156. Breeding short-term trend: Berrow, S.D., Mackie, K.L., O’Sullivan, O., Shepherd, K.B., Mellon, C. & Coveney, J.A. (1993) The second International Chough Survey in Ireland. Irish Birds 5: 1-10. Gray, N., Thomas, G., Trewby, M. & Newton, S. (2003) The status and distribution of Choughs Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax in the Republic of Ireland 2002/03. Irish Birds 7: 147-156. Expert opinion: M. Trewby, BirdWatch Ireland; http://www.birdwatchireland.ie/. Breeding long-term trend: Bullock, I.D., Drewett, D.R. & Mickleburgh, S.P. (1983) The Chough in Ireland. Irish Birds 2:257-271. Gray, N., Thomas, G., Trewby, M. & Newton, S. (2003) The status and distribution of Choughs Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax in the Republic of Ireland 2002/03. Irish Birds 7: 147-156. Italy Breeding population size: Brichetti P & Fracasso G. 2011. Ornitologia italiana. Vol.7 (Paridae-). Alberto Perdisa Editore, Bologna Breeding short-term trend: Gustin M, Brambilla M & Celada C. 2009. Valutazione dello stato di conservazione dell’avifauna italiana. Specie in Allegato I della Direttiva Uccelli. Ministero dell’Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare, Lega Italiana Protezione Uccelli (LIPU) Breeding long-term trend: Tucker GM & Heath MF. 1994. Birds in Europe. Their conservation status. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife Conservation Series No. 3 BirdLife International 2004. Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. BirdLife Conservation Series No. 12 De Sanctis A. & Laiolo P. 2007. The Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax in Italy 2nd International Workshop on the Conservation of the Chough. 13-14 September 2007. SAC Auchincruive Campus, Ayr, Scotland Brichetti P & Fracasso G. 2011. Ornitologia italiana. Vol.7 (Paridae-Corvidae). Alberto Perdisa Editore, Bologna Kosovo Breeding population size: NGO "Finch" (2014) The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Breeding population size: Grubač B. & Velevski M. (manuscript) Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax in Serbia and Macedonia (Central Balkans) Breeding short-term trend: Grubač B. & Velevski M. (manuscript) Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax in Serbia and Macedonia (Central Balkans) Breeding long-term trend: Grubač B. & Velevski M. (manuscript) Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax in Serbia and Macedonia (Central Balkans)

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (Red-billed Chough)

Portugal Breeding population size: Projeto Bico Vermelho (UTAD/ICNF) 2012 (in press) Breeding short-term trend: Alvares , F. 2001. Situação e notas para a conservação da Gralha-de-bico-vermelho em Portugal. Tribuna da Natureza: 8-11.; Ávares, F., Nascimento, J., Travassos, P., Santarém, M. L. & Pimenta, M. 2004. Situação actual e evolução da população de Gralha-de-bico-vermelho (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax no noroeste de Portugal. Chioglossa 2: 55-61.; Breeding long-term trend: Cabral MJ (coord.), Almeida J, Almeida, PR, Dellinger T, Ferrand de Almeida N, Oliveira ME, Palmeirim JM, Queiroz AI, Rogado L & Santos-Reis M (eds.) (2005). Livro Vermelho dos Vertebrados de Portugal. Instituto da Conservação da Natureza, Lisboa; Equipa Atlas (2008). Atlas das Aves Nidificantes em Portugal (1999-2005). Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e da Biodiversidade, Sociedade Portuguesa para o Estudo das Aves, Parque Natural da Madeira e Secretaria Regional do Ambiente e do Mar. Assírio e Alvim. Lisboa; Araújo, M.B., Guilhaumon, F., Neto, D. R., Pozo, I., & Calmaestra, R. (2011) Biodiversidade e Alterações Climáticas / Biodiversidad y Alteraciones Climáticas. Ministério do Ambiente e Ordenamento do Território & Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. Lisboa /Madrid; Projeto Bico Vermelho , 2012 (in press). Russia Breeding population size: Belik V.P. 2008. Prevalence and ecology of and Chough in the North Caucasus. Strepet 6 (1): 55-85 (in Russian). Breeding short-term trend: Belik V.P. 2008. Prevalence and ecology of Alpine Chough and Chough in the North Caucasus. Strepet 6 (1): 55-85 (in Russian). Breeding long-term trend: Probably population was stable in 1990-2010: Belik V.P. et al. 2003. Recent population trends of breeding birds in the Southern Russia. - Strepet 1: 10-30 (in Russian). Spain Breeding population size: Martí, R. & del Moral, J.C. (Eds.) (2003). Atlas de las Aves Reproductoras de España. Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza- Sociedad Española de Ornitología. Madrid, 733 pp. http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/inventarios-nacionales/inventario-especies-terrestres/inventario- nacional-de-biodiversidad/ieet_aves_atlas.aspx Breeding short-term trend: SEO/BirdLife (2013). Programas de seguimiento de SEO/BirdLife en 2012. SEO/BirdLife. Madrid. 35 pp. Información obtenida a partir de la Base de Datos del Inventario Español de especies terrestres. Seguimiento de Aves SACRE. (Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente). http:// www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/inventarios-nacionales/inventario-especies-terrestres/tendencia_aves_comunes_espania.aspx Gráfica de la tendencia poblacional: http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/inventarios-nacionales/inventario-especies-terrestres/ieet_aves_sist_seg_tendencia_comunes_esp.aspx http://www.seo.org/RESULTADOS-SEGUIMIENTO-DE-AVES/ Breeding long-term trend: Cuevas, J. A., Blanco, G. (2009). Chova piquirroja – Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax. En: Enciclopedia Virtual de los Vertebrados Españoles. Salvador, A., Bautista, L. M. (Eds.). Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/ ES: Canary Is Breeding population size: Martín, A. & J. A. Lorenzo. 2001. Aves del Archipiélago Canario. Francisco Lemus Editor. La Laguna. 787 pp. Madroño, A., González, C. & Atienza, J. C. (eds.). 2004. Libro Rojo de las Aves de España. Dirección General para la Biodiversidad - SEO/BirdLife. Madrid. 452 pp. Lorenzo, J.A. 2007 (ed). Atlas de las Aves Nidificantes en el Archipiélago Canario (1997-2003). Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza-Sociedad Española de Ornitología. Madrid. 520 pp. Blanco, G., Pais, J. L., Fargallo, J. A., Potti, J., Lemus, J. A., & J. A. Dávila. 2009. High proportion of non breeding individuals in an isolated Red-billed Chough population on an oceanic island (La Palma, ). Ardeola 56 (2): 229-339. Breeding short-term trend: Martín, A. & J. A. Lorenzo. 2001. Aves del Archipiélago Canario. Francisco Lemus Editor. La Laguna. 787 pp. Madroño, A., González, C. & Atienza, J. C. (eds.). 2004. Libro Rojo de las Aves de España. Dirección General para la Biodiversidad - SEO/BirdLife. Madrid. 452 pp. Lorenzo, J.A. 2007 (ed). Atlas de las Aves Nidificantes en el Archipiélago Canario (1997-2003). Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza-Sociedad Española de Ornitología. Madrid. 520 pp. Blanco, G., Pais, J. L., Fargallo, J. A., Potti, J., Lemus, J. A., & J. A. Dávila. 2009. High proportion of non breeding individuals in an isolated Red-billed Chough population on an oceanic island (La Palma, Canary Islands). Ardeola 56 (2): 229-339. Breeding long-term trend: Martín, A. & J. A. Lorenzo. 2001. Aves del Archipiélago Canario. Francisco Lemus Editor. La Laguna. 787 pp. Madroño, A., González, C. & Atienza, J. C. (eds.). 2004. Libro Rojo de las Aves de España. Dirección General para la Biodiversidad - SEO/BirdLife. Madrid. 452 pp. Lorenzo, J.A. 2007 (ed). Atlas de las Aves Nidificantes en el Archipiélago Canario (1997-2003). Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza-Sociedad Española de Ornitología. Madrid. 520 pp. Blanco, G., Pais, J. L., Fargallo, J. A., Potti, J., Lemus, J. A., & J. A. Dávila. 2009. High proportion of non breeding individuals in an isolated Red-billed Chough population on an oceanic island (La Palma, Canary Islands). Ardeola 56 (2): 229-339. Switzerland Breeding population size: Swiss Ornithological Institute: Horch et al. 2013: Konfliktpotenzialkarte Windenergie – Vögel Schweiz: Teilbereich Brutvögel, Gastvögel und Vogelschutzgebiete gemäss WZVV Erläuterungsbericht; Aktualisierung 2013 Breeding short-term trend: Swiss Ornithological Institute: http://www.vogelwarte.ch/information-service-monitoring-rare-breeding-and-visiting-birds.html Min Max refer to 95% Confidence interval. Breeding long-term trend: Swiss Ornithological Institute: http://www.vogelwarte.ch/information-service-monitoring-rare-breeding-and-visiting-birds.html. Posse et al. 2011: Artenförderungskonzept Vögel Wallis / Concept pour la sauvegarde des oiseaux en Valais. Turkey Breeding population size: Murat Bozdoğan, Soner Bekir personal communication. Birdlife International (2004) Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status, Cambridge UK: Birdlife International (Birdlife Conservation series no: 12) www.kusbank.org Kirwan G.M., Boyla K. A., Castell P., Demirci B., Özen M., Welch H., Marlow T., 2008, Birds of Turkey. Londra, Christopher Helm, 978-1-4081-0475- Breeding short-term trend: Doğa Derneği, Eken G., Bozdoğan M., İsfendiyaroğlu S., Kılıç D.T., Lise Y. (2006) Key Biodiversity Areas of Turkey (Türkiye’nin Önemli Doğa Alanları) Doğa Derneği, Ankara, KILIÇ, T., EKEN, G. 2004, Türkiye'nin Önemli Kuş Alanları Güncellemesi, Doğa Derneği. Ankara. Breeding long-term trend: Birdlife International (2004) Birds in Europe: population estimates, trends and conservation status, Cambridge UK: Birdlife International (Birdlife Conservation series no: 12) United Kingdom Breeding population size: Johnstone, I., Thorpe, R., Moore, A. & Finney, S. 2007. Breeding status of Choughs Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax in the UK and in 2002. Study 54: 23-24. Breeding short-term trend: Johnstone, I., Thorpe, R., Moore, A. & Finney, S. 2007. Breeding status of Choughs Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax in the UK and Isle of Man in 2002. Bird Study 54: 23-24.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (Red-billed Chough) United Kingdom Breeding long-term trend: Bullock, I., Drewett, D. & Mickleburgh, M.A. 1983. The Chough in Britain and Ireland. British Birds 76: 377-401. Johnstone, I., Thorpe, R., Moore, A. & Finney, S. 2007. Breeding status of Choughs Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax in the UK and Isle of Man in 2002. Bird Study 54: 23-24.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BirdLife International (2015) European Red List of Birds Bibliography

Batten, L.A., Bibby, C.J., Clement, P., Elliott, G.D. and Porter, R.F. 1989. Red data birds in Britain. A&C Black.

Hagemeijer, W.J.M. and Blair, M.J. 1997. The EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds: Their Distribution and Abundance. T & A D Poyser, London.

Madge, S. and Burn, H. 1993. Crows and jays. A&C Black.

Madge, S. 2009. Red-billed Chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. and de Juana, E. (eds.) 2014. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/60766 on 9 March 2015).

Tucker, G.M. and Heath, M.F. 1994. Birds in Europe: their conservation status. BirdLife Conservation Series no. 3, BirdLife International, Cambridge.

Wilmore, B.S. 1977. Crows, jays, ravens and their relatives. David and Charles (Publishers) Ltd, London.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2015) EUROPEAN RED LIST OF BIRDS