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Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) Proceedings of International Conference on Biodiversity: IBD2019 (2019); 94 - 101 Checklist of bee genus Megachile Latreille, 1802 in Thailand (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) Nontawat Chatthanabun and Natapot Warrit* Department of Biology & Center of Excellence in Entomology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan District, Bangkok, Thailand *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: A checklist of Thai megachilid bees is reported for the first time. Species names listed were recorded from specimens collected throughout Thailand and deposited at the Chulalongkorn University Natural History Museum, Bangkok and through literature review. A total of 30 Thai Megachile species are listed with locality information and notes on floral records, diagnostic characters, and nesting habitats (when appropriate). Due to their abundance, we suggest that Megachile (Amegachile) bicolor, M. (Callomegachile) disjuncta, M. (Creightonella) fraterna, and M. (Pseudomegachile) velutina are good candidates for being future crop pollinators. Keywords: Diversity, Leafcutter bee, Pollination, Pollinator, Resin bee. Introduction Megachile Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera; Megachilidae) is one of the most diverse bee genera that include leafcutter, resin, and mason bee. Megachile has a wide distribution and diverse habitats in most regions of the world (Michener, 2007; Gonzalez et al., 2012). Presently, over 1,500 species are already named and described (Michener, 2007; Ascher & Pickering, 2019). These bees include many important pollinators for natural ecosystems and agricultural areas, e.g. Megachile rotundata, a well-known alfalfa crop pollinator (Delaplane & Mayer, 2000; Michener, 2007). Historically, Southeast Asian megachilid bees are poorly known, underrepresented in collections, and inadequately explored (Engel & Gonzalez, 2011; Gonzalez & Engel, 2012). Therefore, megachilid bees in Thailand are not well recognized and protected from various anthropogenic threats such as habitat destruction and insecticide usages in agriculture areas. This work attempts to contribute to the basic knowledge of Thai megachilid bee fauna. The checklist comprises number of species and valid names, their distributions in Thailand, and notes on some species. Materials and Methods 588 specimens (368♀, 220♂) collected throughout Thailand and deposited at the Chulalongkorn University Natural History Museum (CUNHM) since 1962 were examined (see in Table 1). In addition, literature on Thai Megachile taxonomic treatments were reviewed following Tadauchi and Tasen (2009), Engel and Gonzalez (2011), Gonzalez & Engel, 2012, Ascher et al., (2016) and the Discoverlife Bee Species Guide and World Checklist (Ascher and Pickering, 2019). Result & Discussion This checklist recorded 30 species of Megachile in Thailand through specimens examination and literature review. For generic and subgeneric classification we follow Michener (2007) and Trunz et al. (2016), whereas for species level identification, the specimens were verified with their original descriptions. In addition, notes on floral records, diagnostic character, and nesting habitats are provided below. Species and collecting localities names are alphabetically ordered. Family: Megachilidae Genus: Megachile Latreille, 1802 Subgenus: Aethomegachile Engel and Baker, 2006 Megachile (Aethomegachile) conjuncta Smith, 1853 Distribution: Chiang Mai. Note: There is a sexual dimorphism between male and female bees. Megachile (Aethomegachile) laticeps Smith, 1853 Distribution: Bangkok, Surat Thani. Note: Superficially resembling to M. (Callomegachile) umbripennis but it can be easily distinguished by mandible with an incomplete cutting edge in the second interspace and hidden cutting edge in the third interspace. Megachile (Aethomegachile) siamensis Cockerell, 1927 Distribution: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son. Note: Only male was described. Megachile (Aethomegachile) trichorhytisma Engel, 2006 Proceeding of International Conference on Biodiversity: IBD2019 on 22nd - 24th May 2019 94 at Centara Grand & Bangkok Convention Centre at CentralWorld, Bangkok, Thailand Distribution: Chiang Rai, Loei Note: Male can be easily recognized by the modification of its last flagellomere. Subgenus: Amegachile Friese, 1909 Megachile (Amegachile) bicolor (Fabricius, 1781) Distribution: Chiang Mai, Kanchanaburi, Mukdahan, Nakhon Nayok, Nakhon Pathom, Nong Khai, Phayao, Ratchaburi, Saraburi, Tak. Note: A widespread species in Oriental region, particularly India and southern China. This species is commonly found in sunhemp field (Crotalaria juncea L.) and its nesting biology was reported back from 1955 by Von Rudolf Altevogt. Subgenus: Callomegachile Michener, 1962 Megachile (Callomegachile) atratiformis (Meade-Waldo, 1914) Distribution: Uthai Thani. Note: Engel and Gonzalez (2011) reported the species was collected on Dipterocarpus obtusifolius Teijsman & Miquel. Megachile (Callomegachile) disjuncta (Fabricius, 1781) Distribution: Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Phayao, Surat Thani, Yala. Note: This species forages on numerous types of plants, especially in Fabaceae. In addition, Soh (2014) was first to report its nest construction using resins. Megachile (Callomegachile) faceta (Bingham, 1897) Distribution: No specific location provided. Megachile (Callomegachile) facetula (Cockerell, 1918) Distribution: No specific location provided. Note: This species is superficially similar to M. (Callomegachile) faceta though can be distinguished by the presence of dense fulvous hairs on the vertex of the former species. Megachile (Callomegachile) fulvipennis (Smith, 1879) Distribution: Surat Thani. Note: Soh (2014) reported the species using resin for nest construction and visited Peltophorum pterocarpum (Fabaceae) and Memecylon sp. (Melastomataceae). Megachile (Callomegachile) impressa (Friese, 1903) Distribution: No specific location provided. Note: Only male was described. Megachile (Callomegachile) monticola (Smith, 1858) Distribution: No specific location provided Note: This species has a wide distribution in south China. Megachile (Callomegachile) odontophora Engel, 2011 Distribution: Nakhon Ratchasima Note: Engel and Gonzalez (2011) reported the species was collected on Sindora siamensis Teijsman & Miquel (Fabaceae). Megachile (Callomegachile) ornata (Smith, 1853) Distribution: Chiang Mai Note: Tadauchi and Tasen (2009) identified only one specimen from a teak plantation. Megachile (Callomegachile) tuberculata (Smith, 1858) Distribution: No specific location provided Note: Ascher et al. (2016) reported the species was collected on Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume (Orchidaceae). Megachile (Callomegachile) umbripennis (Smith, 1853) Distribution: Bangkok, Phayao. Note: This species has a wide distribution range in Southeast Asia and was reported to be adventive in the US. Subgenus: Carinula Michener, McGinley, and Danforth, 1944 Megachile (Carinula) fruhstorferi Friese, 1903 Distribution: Saraburi. Note: This species is superficially similar to M. (Callomegachile) stulta though can be easily distinguished by the presence of yellow felted hairs on the metasomal terga. Subgenus: Chelostomoda Michener, 1962 Megachile (Chelostomoda) aureocincta Cockerell, 1927 Distribution: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Megachile (Chelostomoda) nematocera Cockerell, 1929 Distribution: Chiang Mai. Proceedings of International Conference on Biodiversity: IBD2019 on 22nd - 24th May 2019 at Centara Grand & Bangkok Convention Centre at CentralWorld, Bangkok, Thailand 95 Subgenus: Creightonella Cockerell, 1908 Megachile (Creightonella) fraterna Smith, 1853 Distribution: Ayutthaya, Chiang Mai, Kanchanaburi, Petchabun, Phayao, Ratchaburi, Saraburi, Thonburi. Note: This species usually forages on sunhemp flower (Crotalaria juncea L.) and constructs its nest underground in the sun hemp field. Megachile (Creightonella) atrata Smith, 1853 Distribution: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Yala. Note: This species only occur in south Thailand. The bee forages on sunhemp flower (Crotalaria juncea L.) and constructs its nests underground in the sun hemp field. Subgenus: Eutricharaea Thomson, 1872 Megachile (Eutricharaea) gathela Cameron, 1908 Distribution: No specific location provided. Megachile (Eutricharaea) griseopicta Radoszkowski, 1882 Distribution: Chiang Mai. Note: This species is superficially similar to M. (Callomegachile) faceta though can be easily distinguished by the presence of the hidden cutting in the third interspace of the mandible. Megachile (Eutricharaea) hera Bingham, 1897 Distribution: Kamphaeng Phet, Mae Hong Son, Nakhon Pathom, Petchabun, Phetchaburi, Phang Nga, Phayao, Sakon Nakhon, Samut Sakorn, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani. Note: This species has a wide distribution and commonly found in Thailand. Subgenus: Lophanthedon Gonzalez and Engel, 2011 Megachile (Lophanthedon) amputata Smith, 1857 Distribution: No specific location provided. Note: This species is superficially similar to M. (Aethomegachile) laticeps though can be easily distinguished by the presence of the outer ridge on the mandible. Megachile (Lophanthedon) dimidiata Smith, 1853 Distribution: Lumpang. Note: This species is superficially similar to M. (Pseudomegachile) velutina though can be easily distinguished by the presence of the outer ridge on the mandible and absence of dense long hairs on the inner adductor interspace of the mandible. Megachile (Lophanthedon) erythropoda Cameron, 1901 Distribution: Songkhla. Megachile (Lophanthedon) ferruginea Friese, 1903 Distribution: Nong Bua Lam Phu. Note: This species
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