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University of Oklahoma Graduate College A UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE A VENTILATION ANALYSIS OF BRUCE GOFF’S BAVINGER HOUSE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE By YETUNDE OBASADE Norman, Oklahoma 2019 A VENTILATION ANALYSIS OF BRUCE GOFF’S BAVINGER HOUSE A THESIS APPROVED FOR THE CHRISTOPHER C. GIBBS COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE BY Lee Fithian Marjorie Callahan Shideh Shadravan © Copyright by YETUNDE OBASADE 2019 All Rights Reserved. Dedication I am dedicating this thesis to my late mother, whom I love and miss dearly and who raised me to be a motivated individual who thinks for herself. I am also dedicating this to the family and friends who have encouraged me and pushed me to complete my master’s degree. iv Acknowledgment I would like to acknowledge and thank the following individuals on my defense committee for helping me complete this body of work: I would like to express my appreciation to my Graduate Director Marjorie Callahan, for her consistent encouragement and patience in maneuvering my research process; To Professor Fithian, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude in taking the time to work on the digital models and research content throughout the entirety of my thesis cultivation; To Dr. Shadravan, thank you for your constructive commentaries, suggestions on improvement and unrelenting support in making this document the best it could be. v Table of Contents List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ ix Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ xii 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Significance of Utilizing Software ................................................................................. 1 1.2 Additional Lost Architecture ............................................................................................. 4 1.3 Background of Research ..................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Software Utilization ........................................................................................................ 9 1.6 Research Aim ..................................................................................................................... 10 1.7 Objectives ........................................................................................................................... 10 2. Literature Review ................................................................................................................ 11 2.1 Background of Bruce Goff ............................................................................................... 11 2.2 Fractal Architecture .......................................................................................................... 12 2.3 Natural Ventilation ........................................................................................................... 14 2.4 Air Cooling ........................................................................................................................ 16 2.5 Passive Heating and Cooling ....................................................................................... 17 3. Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 18 3.1 Hypothesis & Supporting Data Introduction ................................................................. 18 3.2 Control Components ......................................................................................................... 19 3.3 Climate Consultant Data .................................................................................................. 19 3.4 Qualitative Research .................................................................................................... 20 3.4.1 Site and Design Investigation ............................................................................... 20 3.5 Quantitative Research .................................................................................................. 21 3.5.1 Autodesk Flow Utilization .................................................................................... 21 3.5.2 Sectional Model Constraints ................................................................................ 21 vi 3.5.3 Air Flow Behavior Investigation .......................................................................... 22 3.6 Excluded Criteria ......................................................................................................... 22 4. Results ................................................................................................................................... 23 4.1 Site Investigation Findings .......................................................................................... 23 4.1.2 Materials and Methods ......................................................................................... 26 4.1.3 Thermal Mass ........................................................................................................ 26 4.1.4 Evaporation Ponds ................................................................................................ 27 4.2 Passive Cooling Principles ........................................................................................... 30 4.3 Wind Speeds ................................................................................................................. 31 4.3.1 Directional Analysis .................................................................................................... 39 4.3.2 Spring Wind Flow ....................................................................................................... 40 4.3.3 Summer Wind Flow .................................................................................................... 41 4.3.4 Fall Wind Flow ............................................................................................................ 41 4.3.5 Winter Wind Flow ...................................................................................................... 42 4.4 Wind Flow- South ............................................................................................................. 43 4.4.1 Flow Line Behavior ............................................................................................... 43 4.4.2 Flow Line Analysis ...................................................................................................... 47 4.4.3 Seasonal Correlation .................................................................................................. 47 4.5 Wind Flow- North ........................................................................................................ 48 5. Discussion ............................................................................................................................. 52 5.1 Conducive Results ........................................................................................................ 52 5.2 Non-Conducive Results ..................................................................................................... 52 6. Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 53 7. Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 54 References .................................................................................................................................... 56 vii viii List of Tables Table 1- Order of Control Testing .................................................................................. 19 Table 2- Wind Speed Conversion. MPH to FPS............................................................. 20 Table 3- Passive Cooling Principles met by the Bavinger House. ................................. 31 Table 4- Highest and Lowest wind speeds and their incoming direction. ...................... 33 Table 5 - Wind Speeds from the North and South Directions. ....................................... 33 Table 6 - Highest wind speed and direction.................................................................... 40 Table 7- Current Results Temperature data for Oklahoma. ............................................ 42 Table 8- Data corresponding to the direction with the highest wind speed during the month. ......................................................................................................................................... 43 ix List of Figures Figure 1 - site plan with the apex of the house facing south. Image courtesy of Hidden Architecture..................................................................................................................... 23 Fi gure 2- Site Plan oriented with apex facing north. Image provided by the Art Institute of Chicago. .......................................................................................................................... 25 Figure 3- Predated Google Maps Image showing the correct orientation of the Bavinger house. Courtesy of Google Maps. .............................................................................................. 25 Figure 4- Stone
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