Jazzreach: SHE SAID/SHE SAYS the History and Status of Women in Jazz STUDY GUIDE Welcome to Beyond the Stage for Students
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JazzReach: SHE SAID/SHE SAYS the history and status of women in jazz STUDY GUIDE Welcome to Beyond the Stage for students. This guide is designed to help you prepare for Metta Quintet’s performance of SHE SAID/SHE SAYS. Meet Metta Quintet ....................................2 What Is jazz? ............................................3 Women in jazz ...........................................3 Development of jazz timeline ........................4 Women’s rights cause/effect chart. ...............5 Writing activity ...........................................6 Crossword puzzle .......................................7 Meet the women of jazz ........................... 8-9 How to listen to music ................................10 Resources/recordings ................................10 School performance: Thursday, Jan. 15, 2009 10 a.m. Lied Center of Kansas 2 meet metta quintet JazzReach A highly creative unit comprised of some of JazzReach is a nationally recognized, New today’s fastest emerging jazz artists, Metta York City-based not-for-profit organization dedicated to the promotion, creation, teaching, Quintet aims to establish itself in the vanguard and performance of jazz music. Its programs of contemporary music ensembles as a unique, actively engage students in an analysis of the dynamic voice committed to exploring exciting cultural factors that have come together to make jazz such a compelling art form, the social new artistic territory and the infinite boundaries conditions that shaped the music’s development of the live jazz experience. and the immense impact jazz has had on the evolution of our national identity. Mark Joshua Helen H. Benjamin Marcus Gross Ginsburg Sung Schuman\ Strickland ALTO SAXOPHONE BASS PIANO DRUMS AND FOUNDER TENOR SAXOPHONE Mark Gross began playing Josh Ginsburg resides in Hailing from Houston, Born in Lansing, Mich., H. A Miami native, Marcus saxophone as a young boy Brooklyn, N.Y. and has Texas, Helen Sung began Benjamin Schuman began Strickland graduated growing up in Baltimore, performed with Eddie her musical studies in playing drums at the age from the New World M.d. Mark credits his early Henderson, Doug Rainey, classical piano and violin of 13 while growing up in High School of the Arts appreciation for music to his Bobby Watson, Mark Turner, at age 5. Discovering Tucson, Ariz. Upon receiving in Miami in 1997. As a parents, whose home often Winard Harper and Sam jazz while in college, his degree in professional student of performance resounded with the soulful Yahel, among others. In April she went on to attend the music from The Berklee and composition, Mark sound of gospel music. He 2000, Josh participated in Thelonious Monk Institute of College of Music in 1990, relocated to New York City graduated from Berklee with The Kennedy Center’s annual Jazz Performance at New H. Benjamin moved to and continued his studies a Bachelor of Arts degree Jazz Ahead program and England Conservatory. New York City. In 1994, at The Mannes School of in music performance. in The Thelonious Monk Helen presently lives in H. Benjamin founded Music. Still in his early Mark performed for over Institute’s Jazz Colony in New York City where she JazzReach Performing Arts 20s, Marcus is a significant a year in the hit Broadway conjunction with The Aspen maintains a busy schedule & Education Association, a contributor to the fertile musical Five Guys Named Jazz Festival. Josh was born of performing and touring. not-for-profit organization New York City jazz scene. Moe. Since 1993, Mark has in 1976 in Baltimore, M.d. She has worked or recorded dedicated to enriching Marcus has appeared in toured regularly with The Josh received his bachelors with such luminaries as Slide the lives of young people an impressive number of Duke Ellington Orchestra and degree in performing arts Hampton, Steve Turee, Benny through the presentation ensembles including The released his second CD, The from The New School in Golson, Buster Williams and of unique multimedia Wynton Marsalis Quintet, Riddle of the Sphinx in 2000. New York City. legendary composer and educational programs. The Mingus Big Band saxophonist Wayne Shorter. and The Lincoln Center Helen is also an active Jazz Orchestra among bandleader—her debut many others. album entitled Push was recently released by Fresh Sound Records. 3 What isJazz? If you were to look up the definition in a book, you would get an answer that describes the music from the outside: “Jazz is a ‘musical form, often improvisational, developed by African- Americans and influenced by both European harmonic structure and African rhythmic complexity.’” If you were to ask a musician like Jo Jones (a famous drummer in Count Basie’s band), you’d get an answer that comes from the inside: “Jazz is playing what you feel. All jazz musicians express themselves through their instruments; they express the type of people they are.” women in jazz With the exception of a few performers, most of the famous names in jazz history are men. Why haven’t women played a larger role in jazz history? The answer has nothing to do with a difference in talent, but with society’s biased expectations and attitudes regarding appropriate gender roles. In the already competitive field of jazz musicianship, women who attended auditions or jam sessions were often greeted with cynicism and doubt, or not taken as seriously as male musicians. The bottom line is that jazz… • is largely improvised, which means it is created on the spot • was created and developed mainly by African-Americans • is a fusion of African, European, and American music. Jazz Slang However, it is not a mere variation of any of the above. Jazz is so Definitions of some words will unique that it is often called... appear on pages to help you become more familiar with jazz language “America’s only original art form” Each word will also be used in a sentence! 4 jazz Map from blues to hip-hop This diagram shows the evolution of “American” music from several parallel perspectives, helping you to absorb history from more than one direction. EUROPEAN CLASSICAL BLUES MUSIC 1900 Ragtime 1910 Folk Blues New Orleans Dixieland New Orleans 1920 Chicago in Chicago Boogie Classic Blues 1930 Swing WORLD Kansas City MUSIC New Orleans/ Dixieland 1940 Revival Be-bop Rhythm & Blues Latin 1950 Cool Tristano School Hard Bop West Coast 1960 Soul Free 1970 AACM Funk Jazz Rock; Mainstream Fusion European Jazz 1980 Neobop No Wave: New Swing Noise Music Free Funk Neo-Classicism Hip Hop 1990 Classicism African and Indian This diagram was recreated with permission from WNUR 98.3. The diagram on the site listed here, http://www.wnur.org/jazz/styles is interactive and can provide additional information on each musical form. 5 cause effect Dec. 8, 1941 women’s America enters Men sent off to war World War II rights All-female big bands Men no longer around emerge. Smaller be-bop to provide music groups also appear. entertainment chart Women take over jazz Women take The role of women jobs that men began to expand in the previously held work force Victory over Europe & Japan — 1945 In the jazz world, women were channeled World War II ended and into more “appropriate” music jobs such as men returned to take their accompaniment or education; women began jobs back to lead smaller groups that had evolved during the war, such as be-bop Although women began to have more exposure as singers for big bands on Television standardized in television, they were also stereotyped homes in the late 1940s into more feminine roles by the media through television shows and commercials; television shows like Leave it to Beaver, Father Knows Best and I love Lucy Women receive fair President’s Commission hiring wages, paid on the Status of Women maternity leave and established in 1968 affordable child care The women’s liberation Consciousness raised about the movement in the 1960s and importance of documenting women’s Women’s Rights Movement 1970s changed the status history and cultural activities; creates of women in society, history, a renewed audience for female jazz and popular culture. As this performance change widened opportunities for women, their roles in the field of jazz became more significant and diversified. Today, women continue to Women’s jazz festivals First festival held in grow as a powerful presence established Kansas City, March 1978 in jazz as instrumentalists, composers and vocalists. 6 After looking at the cause and effect chart, it is easy to see how one event, no Writing Activity matter how small it may seem at the time, can have an impact on what follows. Consider the current events of the United States today: the economic cause effect possible solution slump, climate change, the lack of healthcare for all Water bottles are thrown individuals, et cetera. in the garbage and then pollution recycle taken to a landfill In 2005, 18 million barrels of crude oil were wasted furthers our drink tap to replace 2 million tons of dependency water out of a Clams plastic water bottles that on oil reusable bottle Mistakes while playing music. were not recycled Charlie is really layin’ down the clams tonight! Example from fact: Water Bottles—31 billion bought in the U.S. in 2006 cause effect solution Choose a topic and develop your own chart. In column one, place the causes. In column two, place the results (or possible results) and place possible solutions in column three. 19th Amendment gave Lindbergh crosses Stock Market crashes FDR begins Spanish Germany invades Poland: Timeline of World War I begins Women right to vote the Atlantic Great Depression begins New Deal Civil War World War II begins American events in the jazz era 1917 1920 1927 1929 1933 1936 1939 7 Women In Jazz Crossword The following crossword puzzle contains clues that point to famous women in jazz.