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Bid No. DEN 09/10/ENV Environmental Management Framework for John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality 7 March, 2011 Status Quo Analysis Gerard van Weele Tel: +27 (0) 21 950 8517 Email: [email protected] Building No. 1, Tygerberg Office Park, 163 Hendrik Verwoerd Drive, Plattekloof, 7500, CAPE TOWN DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Client: Northern Cape Department of Environment and Nature Conservation Project Name: Environmental Management Framework for John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality SSI Environmental Reference Number: E02.PTA.000323 Client Reference: DEN 09/10/ENV Compiled by: Tasneem Collins Gerard van Weele Gillian Maree Specialist contributions: Janet Loubser, Ntšeketsi Lerotholi & Nigel Wessels (SSI Environmental) Beryl Wilson & Tania Anderson (McGregor Museum, Kimberley) Cover page photo: Kuruman Eye Date: © SSI Environmental 7 March, 2011 All rights reserved Location: No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape the written permission from SSI Environmental. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS V 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 PROJECT LOCATION 1 1.2 PROJECT CONTEXT 3 1.3 PROJECT PHASING 3 2 LEGAL CONTEXT 6 2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORKS 6 2.2 BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT 7 2.3 PROTECTED AREAS MANAGEMENT 8 2.4 MANAGEMENT OF HERITAGE RESOURCES 8 2.5 WATER MANAGEMENT 8 2.6 MANAGEMENT OF MINING ACTIVITIES 8 2.7 LAND CLAIMS 9 3 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 10 3.1 LANDSCAPE 10 3.2 CLIMATE 10 3.3 BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY 10 3.4 GRAZING CAPACITY 11 3.5 LAND DEGRADATION 11 4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATE 12 4.1 UNCERTAINTIES 12 4.2 SETTLEMENTS 13 4.3 DEMOGRAPHICS 14 FURTHER DESCRIPTION IS PROVIDED IN MAP 3: POPULATION, WARDS, FARMS AND SOCIAL SERVICES IN ANNEXURE 4. 15 4.4 HEALTH 15 4.5 HERITAGE 16 4.6 UNEMPLOYMENT 16 4.7 CHANGE IN POPULATION SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION 19 4.8 POPULATION DYNAMICS 20 4.9 DEVELOPMENT PLANNING 21 4.10 SERVICES PROVISION (TRANSPORTATION, ELECTRICITY, POTABLE WATER, SEWERAGE) 21 4.11 ACCESS TO SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE 22 4.12 ECONOMIC INDICATORS 26 4.13 CHALLENGES FOR JTGDM 31 4.14 LONG TERM PRIORITIES 32 5 HERITAGE RESOURCES 33 5.1 INTRODUCTION 33 E02.PTA.000323 Page i SSI Environmental 5.2 SUMMARY OF STATUS QUO UNDERSTANDING OF THE HERITAGE RESOURCES OF JOHN TAOLO GAETSEWE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY 33 5.3 DATA MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 39 6 BIODIVERSITY 41 6.1 INTRODUCTION 41 6.2 VEGETATION 43 6.3 FAUNA 45 6.4 IMPACTS OF URBAN AREAS AND SETTLEMENTS 46 6.5 MINING OPERATIONS 46 6.6 AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES 47 6.7 ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS 48 6.8 NATURE RESERVES 48 6.9 CATCHMENTS, RIVERS, STREAMS, SPRINGS AND WETLANDS 48 6.10 MOUNTAINS/ROCKY RIDGES AND HILLS 50 6.11 FLORA AND FAUNA OF THE JOHN TAOLO DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY 51 7 WETLANDS 58 7.1 BIOTIC AND ECOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE STUDY AREA 58 7.2 DESKTOP CLASSIFICATION AND DELINEATION OF WETLANDS IN THE STUDY AREA 59 7.3 WETLANDS STATUS QUO AND DESIRED STATE 63 7.4 WETLANDS MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING STATUS QUO 67 7.5 ISSUE CONSIDERATIONS FOR WETLAND HEALTH 68 8 AGRICULTURE 70 8.1 RESOURCES 70 8.2 LIMITATIONS AND THREATS 72 9 MINING 75 9.1 INTRODUCTION 75 9.2 ACTIVE MINES IN THE AREA 75 9.3 IMPACTS DUE TO MINING ACTIVITIES IN THE AREA 76 9.4 KUMBA 80 9.5 BHP BILLITON 81 9.6 ASSMANG 81 9.7 CLOSURE PLANNING AND PROVISION OF ASSMANG MINES 83 10 ISSUES & CONSTRAINTS 84 10.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC 84 10.2 DEVELOPMENT PLANNING 84 10.3 AGRICULTURE 84 10.4 ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY 85 ANNEXURE 1: LIST OF THREATENED, PROTECTED AND ENDEMIC PLANTS OF THE JOHN TAOLO GAETSEWE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY 86 ANNEXURE 2: COMPLETE FAUNA SPECIE LISTS FOR THE JOHN TAOLO GAETSEWE DISTRICT 91 ANNEXURE 3: THREATENED OR CONSERVATION-WORTHY FAUNA SPECIES IN THE JOHN TAOLO GAETSEWE DISTRICT 101 ANNEXURE 4: STATUS QUO MAPS FOR THE JOHN TAOLO GAETSEWE DISTRICT EMF 108 E02.PTA.000323 Page ii SSI Environmental Table of Figures FIGURE 1: LOCATION OF THE JOHN TAOLO GAETSEWE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY (IDP 2010-2011) 1 FIGURE 2: SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE EMF COMPILATION PROCESS 4 FIGURE 3: LANDSCAPE NORTH OF HOTAZEL 10 FIGURE 4: POPULATION GROUPS (2001 CENSUS) 15 FIGURE 5: NORTHERN CAPE EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS (STATS SA) 16 FIGURE 6: POPULATION PYRAMID FOR JTGDM 20 FIGURE 7: SECTORAL EMPLOYMENT IN JTGDM FOR 2004 (DPLG, 2004) 28 FIGURE 8: ROCKART FROM THE JTGDM 34 FIGURE 9: EXCAVATIONS IN WONDERWERK CAVE 35 FIGURE 10: LANDSCAPE OUTSIDE OLIFANTSHOEK 41 FIGURE 11: LAND USE AROUND DITSHIPENG AND BOTHITHONG 44 FIGURE 12: MINING ACTIVITIES IN THE VICINITY OF BLACK ROCK 47 FIGURE 13: KURUMAN RIVER (JANUARY, 2011) 49 FIGURE 14: EPHEMERAL RIVERBED (FEBRUARY, 2011) 50 FIGURE 15: ENCROACHMENT ONTO MAFIKENG BUSHVELD 52 FIGURE 16: TREES REMOVED TO IMPROVE GRAZING 53 FIGURE 17: PROFILE OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY IN JTGDM (DPLG, 2006: NODAL ECONOMIC PROFILING PROJECT) 71 FIGURE 18: LOCATION OF ASBESTOS MINES IN THE NORTHERN CAPE, INCLUDING REHABILITATED, UNREHABILITATED AND PARTIALLY REHABILITATED 78 FIGURE 19: MINE WORKERS' ACCOMMODATION 80 List of Tables TABLE 1: SUMMARISED DESCRIPTION OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN JOHN TAOLO GAETSEWE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY 2 TABLE 2: REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORKS 6 TABLE 3: PERCENTAGE HOUSEHOLDS LIVING IN FORMAL AND INFORMAL DWELLINGS 13 TABLE 4: PERCENTAGE HOUSEHOLDS BY TENURE 14 TABLE 5: NUMBER OF PEOPLE AND HOUSEHOLDS PER LOCAL MUNICIPALITY 14 TABLE 6: COMMUNITY SURVEY 2007: BY MUNICIPALITY AND EMPLOYMENT – OFFICIAL DEFINITION 17 TABLE 7: INCOME CATAGORIES BY MUNICIPALITY (COMMUNITY SURVEY, 2007) 18 TABLE 8: NUMBER OF PEOPLE ON SOCIAL GRANTS BY MUNICIPALITY AND GENDER (COMMUNITY SURVEY 2007) 18 TABLE 9: PERCENTAGE HOUSEHOLDS USING ELECTRICITY FOR LIGHTING, COOKING AND HEATING 22 TABLE 10: PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS THAT HAVE ACCESS TO PIPED WATER BY MUNICIPALITY – CENSUS 2001 AND CS 2007 24 TABLE 11: PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS THAT USE A PIT LATRINE OR BUCKET TOILET OR HAVE NO TOILET FACILITY BY MUNICIPALITY – CENSUS 2001 AND CS 2007 24 TABLE 12: PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS WHERE REFUSE IS REMOVED BY LOCAL AUTHORITY/PRIVATE COMPANY AND WHERE THERE IS NO REFUSE REMOVAL BY MUNICIPALITY –CENSUS 2001 AND CS 2007 25 TABLE 13: PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS THAT HAVE A LANDLINE TELEPHONE BY MUNICIPALITY- CENSUS 2001 AND CS 2007 26 TABLE 14: PRIORITY SECTORS AND GROWTH POTENTIAL 29 TABLE 15: THE PRIMARY VEGETATION UNITS OF THE JOHN GAETSEWE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY ACCORDING TO MUCINA & RUTHERFORD (2006) 54 E02.PTA.000323 Page iii SSI Environmental TABLE 16: SUMMARISED BIOTIC AND ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION FOR JTGDM (SANBI BGIS 2011) 58 TABLE 17: ADAPTED DATA ANALYSIS FROM DIGITISED SANBI BGIS RSA WETLANDS TYPES 2010 MAPS (SANBI GIS 2011). 60 TABLE 18: WETLAND HYDRO-GEOMORPHIC TYPES TYPICALLY SUPPORTING INLAND WETLAND (KOTZE ET AL 2004). 62 TABLE 19: WETLAND HABITAT INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT CRITERIA (DWAF 2007). 63 TABLE 20: HABITAT INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT CRITERIA FOR PALUSTRINE WETLANDS (KOTZE ET AL 2004 ). 64 TABLE 21: WETLAND HABTAT INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT (SCORE OF 0=CRITICALLY MODIFIED TO 5=UN- MODIFIED) 65 TABLE 22: WETLAND ECOSYSTEM GOODS AND SERVICES ASSUMED FROM WETLAND SYSTEMS IN THE JTDGM 66 TABLE 23: GOODS AND SERVICES ASSESSMENT RATING TABLE 67 TABLE 24: SUMMARISED OBJECTIVES FOR WETLANDS MANAGEMENT FOR JTGDM 68 TABLE 25: ACTIONS REQUIRED FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN JTGDM 73 TABLE 26: ASBESTOS TRUSTS’ STATISTICS AS AT 30 NOVEMBER 2010 77 TABLE 27: PRIMARY PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN AS PART OF THE GROUP'S CSI AND LED INITIATIVES 82 TABLE 28: REHABILITATION PROVISIONS AT ASSMANG OPERATIONS IN JOHN TAOLO GAETSEWE MUNICIPALITY 83 List of Maps (see Annexure 4) Map 1: Location of the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality Map 2: Detailed locality and land use of the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality Map 3: Population, wards, farms and social services JTG District Municipality Map 4: Location of major physical infrastructure for JTG District Municipality Map 5: Topography of the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality Map 6: Water Resources of the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality Map 7: Geology of the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality Map 8: Grazing Capacity of the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality Map 9: Land Capability Classes of the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality Map 10: Soils of the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality Map 11: Sites of Cultural and Heritage Importance in the JTG District Municipality Map 12: Location of mining and minerals areas in the JTG District Municipality Map 13: Vegetation Types of the JTG District Municipality Map 14: Ecosystem Status of the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality Map 15: Habitat Fragmentation in the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality Map 16: Groundwater Resources of the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality Map 17a: Wetland types of the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality: Area A Map 17b: Wetland types of the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality: Area B Map 17c: Wetland types of the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality: Area C Map 17d: Wetland types of the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality: Area D Map 18: Environmentally Sensitive Areas of the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality Map 19: Transformed lands and agricultural areas of the John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality E02.PTA.000323 Page iv SSI Environmental Environmental Management Framework for John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality: Status Quo ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome BP Before Present (when used in the context of heritage resources)