DOCSLIB.ORG

Spontaneous Hepatic Subcapsular Biloma: Report of Three Cases with Review of the Literature

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Spontaneous Hepatic Subcapsular Biloma: Report of Three Cases with Review of the Literature CASE REPORT Spontaneous hepatic subcapsular biloma: Report of three cases with review of the literature Majid MUSHTAQUE1, Mohammad FAROOQ MIR2, Parvez NAZIR2, Parwez Sajad KHAN1, Vidhi DADU3, Lateef A DAR1, Rayees A DAR1, Samina A KHANDAY2 Departments of 1General Surgery and 2Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Sher-i Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Saura, Srinagar, Jamnu and Kashmir, India Department of 3Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Urmila Dadu Diagnostic Centre, Modhi Nagar, U.P., INDIA, U.P., India A biloma is an encapsulated bile collection outside the biliary tree. Most cases are caused mainly by iatrogenic injury and trauma, and are usually located in the sub-hepatic space. Spontaneous biloma is an uncommon entity. We report three rare cases of sponta- neous hepatic subcapsular biloma formation in association with choledocholithiasis in two patients and cholangiocarcinoma in one patient. All the patients presented with extrahepatic biliary obstruction with no previous history of abdominal surgery, instrumen- tation, or trauma. Ultrasound and computerized tomography of the abdomen documented hepatic subcapsular biloma. The patients were initially managed with antibiotics and radiologically guided pigtail drainage of the collections, followed by definitive treat- ment of their underlying cause. Key words: Biloma, hepatic, subcapsular, choledocholithiasis, cholangiocarcinoma Spontan hepatik subkapsüler bilioma: Üç vakan›n sunumu ve literatürün gözden geçirilmesi Bilioma, safra yolu d›fl›nda yerleflen kapsüllü safra kolleksiyonudur. Bunlar›n büyük ço¤unlu¤u iatrojenik nedenlere veya travma- ya ba¤l› olarak geliflir ve genellikle subhepatik bofllukta yerleflirler. Spontan bilioma nadir görülen bir durumdur. Burada nadir görülen, ikisi koledokolitiyazise ve biri kolanjiokarsinoma sekonder geliflen spontan hepatik subkapsüler bilioma vakas› sunulmufl- tur. Tüm hastalar ekstrahepatik biliyer obstrüksiyon ile baflvurmufltur ve hiçbirinde abdominal cerrahi öyküsü, enstrümentasyon veya travma öyküsü yoktur. Hepatik subkapsüler biliomalar›n tan›mlanmas›nda ultrasonografi ve bilgisayarl› tomografi kullan›l- m›flt›r. Hastalar ilk olarak antibiyotik ve radjoloji klavuzlu¤unda pig-tail katater drenaj› ile tedavi edilmifl ve ertesinde alt yatan etkenin özgül tedavisi yap›lm›flt›r. Anahtar kelimeler: Bilioma, hepatik, subkapsüler, koledokolitiyazis, kolanjiyokarsinoma INTRODUCTION The term “biloma”, denoting an encapsulated ex- Non-traumatic bilomas are commonly referred to trahepatic collection of bile, was first introduced as spontaneous bilomas. The most common un- by Gould and Patel in 1979 (1). The main causati- derlying cause of spontaneous biloma is choledoc- ve factors of biloma formation are traumatic or iat- holithiasis (3). Other rare causes include bile duct rogenic injuries, including abdominal surgery, tumors, hepatic infarction and idiopathic. The percutaneous catheter drainage, transhepatic cho- mechanism of spontaneous biloma formation is langiogram, and endoscopic retrograde cholangi- thought to be either the raised intraductal pressu- opancreatography (ERCP), and infrequently wit- re secondary to extrahepatic biliary obstruction hout an apparent cause (2). (EHBO), rupture of a cyst/diverticulum, or a focal Address for correspondence: Majid MUSHTAQUE Manuscript received: 23.12.2010 Accepted: 22.03.2011 Department of General Surgery, Sher-i Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Turk J Gastroenterol 2012; 23 (3): 284-289 doi: 10.4318/tjg.2012.0346 Saura, Srinagar, Jamnu and Kashmir, India Phone: +919 419 010 280 E-mail: [email protected] Spontaneous hepatic subcapsular biloma liver infarction (3, 4). We report three cases of ting, fever, and yellowish discoloration of the eyes spontaneously formed hepatic subcapsular bilo- of seven days’ duration. There was no significant mas secondary to EHBO, and we discuss how to medical history and no history of abdominal sur- diagnose and manage such patients, together with gery, instrumentation or trauma. She was jaundi- a review of the related literature. ced and febrile. There were no respiratory or car- diovascular abnormalities. Abdominal examinati- CASE REPORTS on revealed scratch marks on the abdominal wall, with mild diffuse tenderness. There were no other Case 1 abnormalities on the examination. Initial investi- A 55-year-old man was admitted with intermittent gations revealed a white cell count of 13,500/mm3 colicky abdominal pain, fever and jaundice. He had no previous history of abdominal surgery, instru- mentation or trauma. His general physical exami- a nation revealed icterus. On the abdominal exami- nation, there was mild tenderness in the right up- per abdomen with no palpable lump or organome- galy. Prophylactic broad spectrum antibiotics were started on admission. Laboratory investigations revealed: hemoglobin: 12.6 g/dl, white blood cells: 12,500/mm3 (87% neutrophils), blood urea: 33 mg/dl, and creatinine: 1.2 mg/dl. Liver function test revealed a total bilirubin of 10 mg/dl with a conjugated component of 5.6 mg/dl; aspartate ami- notransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were mildly raised. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was grossly increased (1060 mg/dl). The chest X-ray revealed right plural effusion and a raised right hemidiaphragm. Ultrasonography b (USG) of the abdomen revealed a large unilocular subcapsular fluid collection measuring 9 x 8 x 5 cm, going around the right lobe of the liver antero- laterally and reaching the bare area. There was no free fluid in the abdominal cavity. The common bi- le duct (CBD) was 13 mm in diameter with a hype- rechoic shadow at its lower part. Intrahepatic bili- ary radicals (IHBR) were also dilated. Thoracoab- dominal computed tomography (CT) confirmed a large hepatic subcapsular biloma with volume of approximately 230 ml (Figure 1a, 1b) with a CT number of 18 Hounsfield units (HU). Based on the imaging findings, the patient was subjected to USG-guided pigtail catheter drainage of the collec- tion, which drained about 160 ml of bile during the first 24 hours (h). Minimal drainage was observed over the next few days. Endoscopic sphincterotomy was done, and a 13 mm solitary stone was retrie- ved. The subcapsular fluid collection resolved, and the external percutaneous pigtail catheter was re- moved after five days. No residual or recollection Figure 1a and 1b. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography was seen on follow-up USG at two and six weeks. (CECT) of the abdomen showing a large unilocular subcapsular Case 2 fluid collection around the right lobe of the liver anterolaterally and reaching up to the bare area with a volume of 230 ml. Com- A 65-year-old woman was admitted with compla- mon bile duct (CBD) and intrahepatic biliary radicals (IHBR) ints of abdominal pain, nausea, intermittent vomi- are dilated. 285 MUSHTAQUE et al. with neutrophilia (91%). Other blood counts were the 10th day after a normal T-tube cholangiogram. otherwise normal as were blood urea, serum cre- On follow-up, USG of the abdomen did not show atinine and electrolytes. Liver function tests re- any residual or recollection of bile. vealed: bilirubin: 9.5 mg/dl (normal: 0.3-1.0 mg/dl) Case 3 with direct component of 5.5 mg/dl, ALP: 680 (nor- mal: 20-90 IU/L), AST: 180 U/L (normal: 5-45 A 50-year-old female presented with right upper U/L), ALT: 290 U/L (normal: 5-40 U/L), and gam- abdominal pain and progressive jaundice of three ma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT): 87 U/L (nor- weeks’ duration. There was also a history of nause- mal: <65 U/L), with a normal albumin and coagu- a, fatigue, anorexia, and weight loss. The patient logram. Ultrasound examination done at a perip- had no history of abdominal surgery, instrumenta- heral hospital had reported ascites. USG of the ab- tion or trauma. On general physical examination, domen was repeated in our hospital, which revea- she had mild pallor and icterus. Abdominal exami- led a huge hepatic subcapsular collection exten- nation revealed mild tenderness in the right ding all around the liver and causing severe com- hypochondrium with a palpable gallbladder. Car- pression of the liver parenchyma and IHBR. A lar- diovascular and respiratory examinations were in- ge 18 mm hyperechoic shadow was seen in the dis- conclusive. Complete blood count revealed only tal CBD. Contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) of the ab- anemia (hemoglobin 8 g/dl). Liver function test re- domen confirmed a massive hepatic subcapsular vealed a total bilirubin of 12 mg/dl with a conjuga- collection of approximately 1500 ml (Figure 2a, 2b) ted component of 7 mg/dl; AST and ALT were mild- with a CT number of 24 HU. CT-guided pigtail ly raised, while ALP and GGT were grossly increa- catheter drainage of the collection was done, sed. Coagulogram was mildly deranged with inter- which removed about 1200 ml of altered bile in the national normalized ratio (INR) of 1.4. Other labo- first 2 h after the procedure. The patient was re- ratory parameters were normal. USG of the abdo- lieved of acute pain immediately. The bile culture men revealed a subcapsular hepatic collection with revealed a mixed growth of coli forms. The patient dilated CBD and IHBR. On CECT of the abdomen, was already on broad spectrum antibiotics. Mini- diffuse enhancing thickening of the lower CBD was mal drainage was noted after the first 48 h. ERCP noticed with abrupt cut-off at its lower end, along revealed a dilated CBD and two stones (largest 20 with a large hepatic subcapsular collection predo- mm) visible in the lumen. CBD exploration with minantly posteromedially along segment V1 of the choledocholithotomy and T-tube drainage was do- liver. It was about 11 x 10 x 5 cm in size with a vo- ne, as ERCP and sphincterotomy failed to manage lume of approximately 300 ml and a CT number of the choledocholithiasis. The pigtail catheter was 16 HU (Figure 3a, 3b). Broad spectrum antibiotics removed during surgery. The postoperative period were started, and CT-guided pigtail catheter dra- was uneventful, and the T-tube was removed on inage of the collection was done, which removed a b Figure 2a and 2b. CECT of the abdomen revealed a huge hepatic subcapsular collection (1500 ml) extending all around the liver and causing severe compression of the liver parenchyma and IHBR.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spontaneous Infected Biloma: Case Report N
    October 2016 EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 561 East African Medical Journal Vol. 93 No. 10 October 2016 SPONTANEOUS INFECTED BILOMA: CASE REPORT N. M. Kimani, MBChB (Nbi), M.MED (Nbi), Lecturer, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Medicine, University of Nairobi, J. M. Muia, MBChB (Nbi), M.MED Surg. (Nbi) Hepatobiliary fellowship (Apollo-India), General Surgeon Kenyatta National Hospital, D. M. Amakabane, MBChB (Nbi), Resident, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Medicine, University of Nairobi and C. K. Onyambu, MBChB(Nbi), M.MED(Nbi), Lecturer, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Medicine, University of Nairobi Request for reprints to: Dr. N. M. Kimani, Lecturer, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Medicine, University of Nairobi SPONTANEOUS INFECTED BILOMA: CASE REPORT N. M. KIMANI, J. M. MUIA, D. M. AMAKABANE and C. K. ONYAMBU SUMMARY Biloma is defined as any collection of bile outside the biliary tree. It mainly results from surgical complications and abdominal trauma. Spontaneous biloma is extremely rare and is occasionally associated with choledocholithiasis. This report describes a case of spontaneous biloma diagnosed radiologically and confirmed at laparotomy. An intraperitonial biloma and a large common bile duct calculus were observed. The biloma was drained and the patient progressed well and was discharged in good condition. INTRODUCTION observed. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous antibiotics and open surgery Biloma is an encapsulated extrabiliary tree (where the biloma was drained).She progressed collection of bile. Mainly it is caused by injury to well postoperatively and was discharged in good the intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary system. condition. Injury could be iatrogenic or traumatic.
    [Show full text]
  • Case Report Retroperitoneal Biloma Secondary to Operative Common Bile Duct Injury
    HPB Surgery, 1991, Vol. 3, pp.193-197 (C) 1991 Harwood Academic Publishers GmbH Reprints available directly from the publisher Printed in the United Kingdom Photocopying permitted by license only CASE REPORT RETROPERITONEAL BILOMA SECONDARY TO OPERATIVE COMMON BILE DUCT INJURY RADOJE COLOVIC and MIRJANA PERII(-SAVI( Institute of Digestive Diseases, University Clinical Center Medical Faculty Belgrade, Yugoslavia (Received 15 August 1990) Encapsulated collections of bile ("biloma") may be a sequela of liver trauma, operative injury or disease. Such collections may be intrahepatic or extrahepatic and usually in the supramesocolic compartment of the abdomen. This is a report of a retroperitoneal biloma, an entity that has been reported only twice to date but this is the first secondary to an operative common bile duct lesion. Evacuation of the biloma and reconstruction of the associated biliary stricture were successfully carried out. The patient remains sympton free with normal clinical and laboratory data more than 14 months after surgery. Operative common bile duct (CBD) injury may be followed by a number of complications. To our knowledge retroperitoneal biloma secondary to a CBD lesion has not been previously reported. CASE REPORT A 54 year old lady was submitted to elective cholecystectomy in a district hospital on 15/09/1988. Operative cholangiography was not performed. Soon after ope- ration bile drainage through a subhepatic drain appeared and continued for four weeks. The patient subsequently developed bile peritonitis and was reoperated upon on 21/10/1988 and the abdominal cavity was drained. Bile drainage stopped by mid-January 1989 but was followed by jaundice. A third operation was performed on 23/02/89 for obstructive jaundice.
    [Show full text]
  • Successful Combined Transpapillary and Transmural Management of a Large Biloma and Bile Duct Injury: a Case Report and Review of Literature
    Published online: 2019-10-01 Case Report Successful combined transpapillary and transmural management of a large biloma and bile duct injury: A case report and review of literature Hemanta Kumar Nayak, Vivek Anand Saraswat, Samir Mohindra, Atul Sharma, Uday C. Ghoshal Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Abstract Here, we report a patient with bile duct injury (BDI) following open cholecystectomy, who developed a very large biloma, causing duodenal and biliary obstruction, and also had a biliary stricture at the site of BDI. We successfully managed the patient by endoscopic biloma-gastrostomy with biliary stenting that resulted in resolution of the biloma and aggressive endoscopic management of the biliary stricture with stent bundles till resolution. Pertaining this case to be the one with largest biloma in the literature (approximately 6.5 L), which developed following open cholecystectomy that resulted in biliary stricture following injury to BD. We successfully managed the patient by endoscopic biloma-gastric stenting and an aggressive endoscopic management of biliary stricture. Key words Bile duct injury, biliary stricture, biloma Introduction abdominal distension, and fever of 6 weeks duration. He had undergone open cholecystectomy in a community hospital for A biloma is defined as an encapsulated collection of bile symptomatic cholelithiasis 12 weeks prior to admission. Though outside the biliary tree. Biloma can result either from iatrogenic surgery only lasted 40 min and was reported to be uneventful, injury (surgery, percutaneous trans‑hepatic interventions) or symptoms developed after removal of the right subcostal drain abdominal trauma.[1] Most patients with a small biloma are on the 4th postoperative day.
    [Show full text]
  • A Giant and Insidious Subphrenic Biloma Formation Due to Gallbladder Perforation Mimicking Biliary Cystic Tumor: a Case Report
    MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 5: 71-74, 2017 A giant and insidious subphrenic biloma formation due to gallbladder perforation mimicking biliary cystic tumor: A case report GUWEI JI1, FEIPENG ZHU2, KE WANG1, CHENYU JIAO1, ZICHENG SHAO1 and XIANGCHENG LI1 1Liver Transplantation Center; 2Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China Received June 9, 2016; Accepted September 20, 2016 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.1075 Abstract. Gallbladder perforation (GBP) represents a rare, and mural nodules from BCTs is difficult via a preoperative but potentially life-threatening, complication of acute chole- examination, and the definitive diagnosis should be based on cystitis. GBP is subdivided into three categories whereas the a histological examination. Laparotomy with frozen section development of biloma is extremely rare. The present case examination may be the optimal approach in such a case. study reports on a 40-year-old man with a 10-year history of calculus cholecystitis, who was referred to The First Affiliated Introduction Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing, China) for the surgical treatment of an emerging massive hepatic entity Gallbladder perforation (GBP) represents a rare, but poten- with insidious symptoms and normal laboratory tests. A tially life-threatening, complication of acute cholecystitis, with preoperative imaging study demonstrated the collection with an incidence rate of 0.8-4.8% and a mortality rate of 9.5-16% internal septations and mural nodules, but no visible commu- as reported in recent studies (1-4). The proposed mechanism nication with the biliary system. Given the suspected biliary of GBP is gallbladder wall ischemia and necrosis triggered by cystic tumor, a laparotomy was performed and the lumen intense inflammatory reaction, and intracholecystic hyperten- was scattered with papillae.
    [Show full text]
  • Appropriate Use Criteria for Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy in Abdominal Pain
    Appropriate Use Criteria for Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy in Abdominal Pain Gary Dillehay1, Zvi Bar-Sever2, Manuel Brown1, Richard Brown1, Edward Green1, Marie Lee1, Joseph K. Lim3, Darlene Metter1, Andrew Trout1, Robert Wagner1, Sachin Wani3, Harvey Ziessman1, Julie Kauffman1, Sukhjeet Ahuja1, and Kevin Donohoe1 1Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging; 2European Association of Nuclear Medicine; and 3American Gastroenterological Association EXECUTIVE SUMMARY appropriate. In addition, these recommendations do not preclude other testing. This document describes common clinical presenta- 99mTc-labeled hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scintig- tions in patients with abdominal pain in which HIDA scintigraphy raphy is an important adjunct to the evaluation of patients with may be helpful. Referring providers should consider patient history, abdominal pain. The introduction of radiopharmaceuticals that physical examination results, and previously acquired test results allowed the performance of these studies in patients with elevated before considering HIDA scintigraphy. This document is presented bilirubin levels expanded the clinical use of this important diag- to assist the health care practitioner in the appropriate use of HIDA nostic imaging technology. The proper use of HIDA scintigraphy scintigraphy in evaluating patients with abdominal pain but is not requires an understanding of the physiology of the hepatobiliary intended to replace clinical judgment. system in both health and disease states, the metabolism of hep- HIDA
    [Show full text]
  • False-Negative Morphine-Augmented Cholescintigraphy: a Case of Subacute Gallbladder Perforation
    False-Negative Morphine-Augmented Cholescintigraphy: A Case of Subacute Gallbladder Perforation Dwight M. Achong, Joel S. Newman, and Elizabeth Oates Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts antibiotics was prescribed. Over the next 4 days, the patient experienced intermittent abdominal pain and low-grade fever. The gallbladder and an infected pericholecystic biloma sec ondary to subacute perforation were visualized during mor Two days before hospital admission, abdominal pain worsened phine-augmented Cholescintigraphy. Perforation of the gall and nausea, vomiting and high fever developed. Physical exami nation revealed a toxic-appearing patient; his temperature was bladder may relieve cystic duct obstruction and contribute to 39.5°Cand rigors were present. There was minimal right upper false-negative visualization in the setting of acute cholecysti abdominal quadrant tenderness without rebound or guarding. tis. The white blood cell count was 7,900/mm3. J NucíMed 1992; 33:256-257 Hepatobiliary imaging with "Tc-mebrofenin demonstrated prompt hepatic uptake and normal excretion into the biliary ducts and small bowel. As the gallbladder did not visualize by 60 min, 3.4 mg of MS was administered by slow intravenous push. Twenty minutes later, an abnormal-appearing gallbladder was he addition of intravenous morphine sulfate (MS) to identified within the gallbladder fossa; it had an irregular contour conventional hepatobiliary scintigraphy is a frequently with a small "nubbin" of activity along its superior margin (Fig. utilized pharmacologie manipulation to improve specific 1). This unusual morphology remained unchanged by 1 hr post- ity and shorten study time without sacrificing diagnostic MS.
    [Show full text]
  • Biloma Due to Blunt Liver Trauma
    Case Report Biloma due to blunt liver trauma Seyyed Reza Hashemi Abstract (MD) *1 Background: Biloma is a rare abnormal localized accumulation of bile out of biliary tree 2 Nasser Ghaemian (MD) due to an injury. It has different non-specific clinical features and its diagnosis is based on Narges Abbaszadeh Marzbali 3 clinical signs, radiologic findings and chemical analysis of aspirated liquid. Considering Amir Reza the non-specific clinical features, early diagnosis and treatment can have an effective role Mohammadhasani 3 in the decrease of complications or even mortality and morbidity. Case presentation: A 31 year-old man with dyspnea which had decreased pulmonary sound in the right lung base referred to our center. Two months ago, he had a history of laparotomy and a repaired liver rupture due to the blunt hepatic injury in an accident. His chest xray and abdominal ultrasonography showed a mass in his right liver lobe. The patient underwent the FNA with ultrasonography guide. Chemical analysis of aspirated liquid proved that the liquid was bile. The next follow up, the mass disappeared and no recurrence was detected. Conclusion: Diagnosis of biloma in a patient with the history of blunt liver trauma should be considered for proper interventional treatment in order to reduce morbidity and mortality. 1- Department of Surgery, Babol University of Medical Key words: Biloma, Fine Needle Aspiration,Trauma Sciences, Babol, Iran. 2- Department of Radiology, Casp J Intern Med 2010; 1(4): 159-161. Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. 3- Member of student Research committee, Babol Biloma is a well-demarcated, encapsulated or not, bile collection outside the biliary University of Medical tree secondary to iatrogenic, traumatic or spontaneous injury of the biliary tree.
    [Show full text]
  • A Rare Case of Hepatic Sub Capsular Biloma After Cholecystectomy Treated by Percutaneous Drainage and Endoscopic Biliary Stenting: a Case Report
    vv ISSN: 2641-2977 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ahr CLINICAL GROUP Naureen Sameera*, Ishaq Aliya, Itu Lizica, Al Awa Arfan, Ghazi Esaaf, Zaid Case Report Abdul Aziz, Siddhart Sankar Das, Feras Al Khitab and Syed Javed A rare case of hepatic sub capsular Department of General Surgery, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, biloma after cholecystectomy treated by United Arab Emirates Received: 23 September, 2019 percutaneous drainage and endoscopic Accepted: 06 December, 2019 Published: 07 December, 2019 biliary stenting: A case report *Corresponding author: Naureen Sameera, Depart- ment of General Surgery, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, E-mail: Keywords: Bilomas; Sub capsular; Bile leak Abstract https://www.peertechz.com Bilomas are localized collections of bile which usually happen post-operatively from an injured cystic or bile duct and most of the biloma collections are in the sub hepatic space. We describe a rare case of hepatic subcapsular biloma after open cholecystectomy which was successfully treated by percutaneous drainage. Background adhesions noted at the level of callot’s triangle making anatomy identifi cation extremely diffi cult, subtotal cholecystectomy Bile leak after laparoscopic open or cholecystectomy usually was performed, due to fl ogistic pseudo-tumor as e result of happens due to unidentifi ed minor biliary injury, however, previous attacks of cholecystitis. sometimes it can reveal a major duct injury as well. Mostly the cause is iatrogenic injury and trauma, and mostly located in the Post operatively, the patient remained in hospital for sub-hepatic space. More than 50% cases originate from the cystic pain control and chest physiotherapy. On the seventh post- duct [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Biloma: an Unusual Complication in a Patient with Calculus Cholecystitis
    CASE REPORT https://doi.org/10.3126/njr.v8i2.22986 Biloma: An Unusual Complication in a Patient with Calculus Cholecystitis Sharma P1 Neupane P2 Poudel R1 1Department of Radiology and Imaging, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal 2Department of Radiology and Imaging, Lumbini Medical college, Nepal Received: October 25, 2018 Accepted: November 20, 2018 Published: December 30, 2018 Cite this paper: Sharma P, Neupane P, Poudel R. Biloma: An unusual complication in a patient with calculus cholecystitis. Nepalese Journal of Radiology 2018;8(12):40-42. https://doi.org/10.3126/njr.v8i2.22986 ABSTRACT A biloma is an encapsulated collection of bile located in the abdomen. It usually occurs spontaneously or can be secondary to traumatic injury (hepatobiliary surgery) and in rare condition it can occur as complication of cholecystitis and cholangiocarcinoma. The diagnosis can be suggested on the basis of patient’s medical history, clinical symptoms and imaging findings but final definitive diagnosis can only be made by aspiration of the content and biochemical analysis. We here report a case of 62 years male patient admitted with acute abdominal pain in the right hypochondrium caused by a spontaneous biloma. We discuss the role of the various diagnostic imaging techniques, particularly which of ultrasound and CT. The biloma was identified on computed tomography in this case. Key words: Abdominal pain; Bile; Computed Tomography INTRODUCTION Biloma is defined as a bile collection, either encapsulated or not, outside the biliary tree, with intra-
    [Show full text]
  • Biloma: a Rare Manifestation of Spontaneous Bile Leak
    Open Access Case Report DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8116 Biloma: A Rare Manifestation of Spontaneous Bile Leak Muhammad N. Yousaf 1, 2, 3, 4 , Rowena G. D'Souza 5 , Fizah Chaudhary 1 , Hamid Ehsan 1 , Charmian Sittambalam 6 1. Internal Medicine, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, USA 2. Internal Medicine, MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center, Baltimore, USA 3. Internal Medicine, MedStar Good Samaritan Hospital, Baltimore, USA 4. Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA 5. Medicine, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, USA 6. Geriatrics, MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center, Baltimore, USA Corresponding author: Muhammad N. Yousaf, [email protected] Abstract A biloma is an intrahepatic or extrahepatic encapsulated collection of bile outside of the biliary tree and within the abdominal cavity. Hepatobiliary interventions and laparoscopic cholecystectomy are the most common etiologies of biloma followed by abdominal trauma, choledocholithiasis, and biliary dilation secondary to biliary stricture. We report a case of a 91-year-old female who presented to the emergency room with an acute onset of epigastric and right upper quadrant sharp pain for one day that radiated to the back, and was associated with two to three episodes of vomiting. Initial abdominal imaging including CT scan, ultrasound and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a distended gallbladder with wall thickening, but without evidence of pancreatitis or gallstones. Hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan findings were consistent with extrahepatic biliary leakage into the peritoneum. A cholangiogram demonstrated a perihepatic biloma. A combined approach using fluoroscopic-guided biloma drainage and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-guided biliary stent placement across the site of the biliary leak resulted in the complete resolution of symptoms.
    [Show full text]
  • A Rare Case Report of Biloma After Cholecystectomy
    Open Access Case Report DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5459 A Rare Case Report of Biloma After Cholecystectomy Mohammed FaisalUddin 1 , Roopam Bansal 2 , Pulwasha M. Iftikhar 3 , Javidulla Khan 1 , Azeem H. Arastu 1 1. Internal Medicine, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, IND 2. Internal Medicine, Sagar Gian Medical College, Patiala, IND 3. Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. John's University, New York, USA Corresponding author: Mohammed FaisalUddin, [email protected] Abstract Biloma is an encapsulated collection of bile outside or inside the biliary system within the abdominal cavity. It is a rare condition with an incidence of 0.3%-2%. The most common cause of spontaneous biloma is choledocholithiasis, and other causes include abdominal trauma and surgery, bile duct tumors, liver infarction, percutaneous catheter drainage, transhepatic cholangiogram and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) but the exact cause is yet to be discovered. We herein present a case report of biloma as a complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A 58-year-old male presented to our hospital emergency room with complaints of fever, nausea, vomiting, and pain in the right upper quadrant after six weeks of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholecystitis. He was diagnosed with computed tomography (CT) scan quickly, and he has treated with pigtail catheter percutaneous drainage. On a follow- up visit, after four weeks, his abdominal pain had improved and white blood count was also reduced to baseline. Categories: Emergency Medicine, Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Keywords: biloma, biliary system, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, cholecystectomy Introduction Biloma is an encapsulated collection of bile outside or inside the biliary system within the abdominal cavity [1-2].
    [Show full text]
  • A Case of Infected Biloma Due to Spontaneous Intrahepatic Biliary Rupture
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine : 22:220-224, 2007 A Case of Infected Biloma due to Spontaneous Intrahepatic Biliary Rupture Joong Hyun Lee, M.D. and Jeong Ill Suh, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea A “biloma” is a loculated collection of bile located outside of the biliary tree. It can be caused by traumatic, iatrogenic or spontaneous rupture of the biliary tree. Prior reports have documented an association of biloma with abdominal trauma, surgery and other primary causes, but spontaneous bile leakage has rarely been reported. A spontaneous infected biloma, without any underlying disease, is a very rare finding. We recently diagnosed a spontaneous infected biloma by abdominal computed tomography and sonographically guided percutaneous aspiration. The patient was successfully managed with percutaneous drainage and intravenous antibiotics. We report here a case of infected biloma caused by spontaneous rupture of the intrahepatic duct, and review the relevant medical literature. Key Words : Infected biloma, Spontaneous rupture, Drainage INTRODUCTION The history included a cerebral infarct six years prior to presentation. She denied alcohol use. The patient had a A biloma is a rare abnormal accumulation of intrahepatic or 30-pack year cigarette smoking history. The patient's father had extrahepatic bile caused by traumatic or spontaneous rupture of a history of cerebral infarct and hypertension. the biliary tree1, 2). It is most commonly caused by surgery, On admission to the emergency room, the vital signs were percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), percutaneous as follows: blood pressure 70/40 mmHg, heart rate 118/min, transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD), and abdominal trauma11, 12).
    [Show full text]