DOCSLIB.ORG

Networks of Debt, Risk and Investment Among Black Land Purchasers in Early 20Th Century Transvaal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Networks of Debt, Risk and Investment Among Black Land Purchasers in Early 20Th Century Transvaal 1 DRAFT: Please do not cite or circulate Buying Land on Credit: Networks of debt, risk and investment among black land purchasers in early 20th Century Transvaal ‘As the great classicist Moses Finley often liked to say, in the ancient world, all revolutionary movements had a single program: “Cancel the debts and redistribute the land.”’ – David Graeber, Debt - Updated and Expanded: The First 5,000 Years (Brooklyn: Melville House, 2014), p. 39. Debt cancellation and land redistribution were not just demands of revolutionary movements in ancient times. In South Africa redistribution of land is at the heart of contemporary activism, enlivened by recent moves towards a new Expropriation Bill. But two of the questions currently missing from public debate about expropriation in South Africa are: who will own the land when it is redistributed and where will they get the funds to implement the plans they have for that land? These questions are also key to resolving the problems in collective land holding entities developed for land reform, like Communal Property Associations and Community Trusts. Ownership of land and access to credit are often overlooked not only in present land reform debates, but also in histories of land acquisition and land struggle. My PhD on a history of collective property ownership in South Africa, between 1900 and 1994, aims to tackle this oversight. By tracking the arc of black South Africans’ engagements with property law and the making of communities in rural Mpumalanga, I intend to reconstruct a history of practices and intellectual traditions that black farmers developed around collective property ownership. Doing so offers insight into the alternatives that people developed to the limiting conceptualizations of property entrenched during the apartheid period. The reified notions of property recognized by the state were often expressed as a binary of communal land under chiefs versus individual title deeds. This paper explores how black South Africans navigated credit networks in order to invest in land-buying syndicates (companies made up of a group of land buyers) in the early 20th Century. Credit is key to understanding how people ‘made’ and continue to ‘make’ property. Farmers’ attempts to carve out forms of collective property are strongly intertwined with questions of belonging and identity, and the making of political and economic communities. My paper focuses on the settlements 2 DRAFT: Please do not cite or circulate of Driefontein and Daggakraal, near Ermelo, as a case study. In 1912, black farmers from around the country came to Driefontein and Daggakraal in the Wakkerstroom district of the then Transvaal to buy into a collective property scheme. The scheme was set up by the Native Farmers Association (NFA), a company established by ANC founder Pixley ka Seme. In this paper, I look particularly at a group of land buyers who arrived in Daggakraal from Harrismith in the Free State. They formed a syndicate of their own within the broader NFA syndicate. In doing so they infused the NFA with land practices and credit networks drawn from their experiences as sharecroppers, preceding the NFA’s formal existence. My research on the issue of credit is still in progress and this paper serves as the basis for one of my PhD chapters. In an earlier chapter, I will explain how families and groups came together to buy into Seme’s scheme – but in the process, did not necessarily buy into the vision of community and property that Seme advanced. I argue that NFA land buyers contested Seme’s argument that a self-sufficient black community should be built on a foundation of individual land rights and respect for traditional leaders. They tried to squeeze their own forms of collective property ownership into the narrow forms established by state and other major players like Seme. How land buyers navigated credit networks and risk factors to acquire, hold onto, defend and manage land is a key part of this story about property. Understanding how credit worked for land buyers offers insight into the political economy of land in early 20th century South Africa. Although some syndicates tried to pool resources in ways resembling mutual aid or co-operation, they came up against the long arm of finance capital and land speculators, and had to adapt to meet this reality. ** In the 19th century, some black people living in the Cape and Natal (both British territories) were legally allowed to buy land. Land purchase by black people was outlawed in most of the Boer republics, including the Orange Free State.1 Land could 1 Tim Keegan, Rural Transformations in Industrialising South Africa. The Southern Highveld to I914 (Johannesburg, 1986), pp. 85-86. Note to Reader: I’m still in the process of finalizing the references, so please forgive errors and shorthand. 3 DRAFT: Please do not cite or circulate be granted to black people for services to the Boer republic.2 Stuurman’s location is one example of this. It is a piece of land next to Driefontein, and is now known as KwaNgema. In most of the Transvaal the situation was slightly different. The 1881 Pretoria Convention made land purchase possible but only through a trusteeship system.3 Black individuals or groups would pay for land via a white-owned institution or white individual (often a mission station, lawyer or politician). When the British took over the Transvaal after the South African War, government administrators accepted some purchases made in the name of a “tribe”, with the chief as the sub- trustee, and the Native Commissioner as the main trustee. Both the Bakgatla and Bafokeng followed this land acquisition route, initially acquiring property under the names of missionaries and later as a “tribal trust.”4 The legal landscape changed in 1905, when Minister Edward Tsewu of the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church won a case in the Transvaal Supreme Court, which made it possible for black people to register land in their own names. Tsewu’s victory meant that after 1905 and before the notorious 1913 Land Act, black land buyers in Transvaal were limited less by law, and more by whether they had the funds and connections to acquire land. Hence the story of credit access and property ownership becomes intertwined. Those who were able to buy land were usually of high class and status, relative to other black South Africans. In both urban areas like Evaton and rural areas like Driefontein, the land buyers tended to come from two backgrounds: mission-educated intellectuals and theologians from Natal, and wealthy share-croppers from Free State and the Transvaal. The majority of black South Africans could not afford to buy land and so they lived as rent-payers on land legally owned by white companies, individuals and the government (Crown land and the reserves, later Bantustans). This was the lot of black farmers in Tenbosch, also in the Transvaal province.5 Since they did not hold title deeds, their rights to land went unrecognized by the formal legal system. They were therefore even more vulnerable to eviction than land buyers, and it is only since 1994, that South Africa’s legal 2 Ibid, pp. 76-77. 3 Harvey M. Feinberg, Our Land, Our Life, Our Future: Black South African Challenges to Territorial Segregation, 1913-1948 (Pretoria, South Africa: Unisa Press, 2015). 4 Gavin Capps, “Tribal-Landed Property: The Value of the Chieftaincy in Contemporary Africa,” Journal of Agrarian Change 16, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 452–77; Bernard Mbenga and Andrew Manson, People of the Dew: A History of the Bafokeng of Rustenburg District, South Africa, from Early Times to 2000 (Johannesburg: Jacana Media, 2011), p. 85. 5 Based on my oral history interviews with land claimants in Tenbosch, Mpumalanga. 4 DRAFT: Please do not cite or circulate system has recognized their land claims as land rights. Between 1905 and 1913, hundreds of black individuals and syndicates bought land in both urban and rural parts of the Transvaal. As of 1914, the Beaumont and Stubbs Commissions indicate that black individuals or syndicates owned about 27305 morgen (21844 hectares)6 worth of land in the Transvaal, only 0.28% of the total land in that province. Black land buyers owned 8151 morgen (6520 hectares) in the Wakkerstroom district, with the NFA’s purchases making this the largest proportion of black-owned land in any Transvaal district.7 The literature on black land buyers suggests that syndicates financed their purchases through the sale of livestock and crops8, pooling savings from wage labour9, and levies instituted by chiefs (the ‘tribal trust’ regime that Gavin Capps describes in relation to the Bakgatla ba Kgafela is one of the most well-documented examples of this kind of financing).10 These factors all contributed to the funds required for land purchase. In most cases though, even when people did come together as collectives, they took out some kind of credit to buy land. Very few people – in the past, like nowadays – could buy a large property outright in one sum, even if they sold other assets or formed a savings club. Deborah James argues that for much of the 20th century, black South Africans were living under “credit apartheid.”11 During the apartheid period, it was almost impossible for black South Africans to gain access to credit through formal avenues, such as banks. James argues that this led to a proliferation of informal credit practices, in the form of savings groups, stokvels, burial societies, moneylending, shop credit and pyramid schemes.12 However, it seems that there was a window period between 1905 and 1913 in which some formal credit options were open to black South Africans. It is notable that this coincided with black people’s legal right to register property in their own names.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • National Norms and Standards for School Funding
    Reproduced by Sabinet Online in terms of Government Printer’s Copyright Authority No. 10505 dated 02 February 1998 N (D . ..... ,t' . : _ '. <' HAMtOfsCH,G:ca' . '. ,0000000cf" , hEAANE:R ~I~Y1 ~ ADD~()F,SCH~ :·~.7 ili~ ' :p'ERLEAiN~ ; ~~~t~~J?i,'JJ-~~~ " ; ~ , ..•. -. ':. ~., ~ .r ~~ . ",1 ,,' : • • - •• <", .{ ',::(: '"..': h' ,." :. ~ " ~ ~ · .AU.tic~TtoN SEC~~Yf . ~?:"~'~'~~' , , ~ .:~?~:' ~y>'> ~;"~ , , :o·~~~:t.~1 .' ; ";"~' i" , -",. ,.>;.j;..... .', . ,.. '.\. z 800015008 MOKIBE PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY KWARTSPRUIT FARM, ZAAIHOEK NKANGALA 1 248 R 807 o NKANGALA 1 224 R807 w 800015040 MOLEBYE PRIMARY SCHOOL INTERMEDIATE SIYADLELWA BAROKONG BA LEFIFI, NOKANENG .... R 807 800015131 MOOtBANK PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY MOOIBANK FARM, AMERSFOORT GERT SIBANDE 1 219 +>­ CD 800015149 MOOLMAN PRIMARY SCHOOL COMBINED SPEENKOPPIES FARM, MOOLMAN GERT SIBANDE 1 340 R807 (Xl 800015164 MOPEDI PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY FRISGEWMGD FARM, HENDRINA NKANGALA 1 49 R807 800034871 MOREl PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY DINGLEYDALE A NEXT TO GASELEKANE , BUSHBUCKRIDGE 1 759 R807 800005561 MOTSWEDI PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY 1149 LESELESELENG , SEABE NKANGALA 1 349 R807 800015503 MOZANE PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY BAKENKOP FARM, PIET RETIEF GERT SIBANDE 1 88 R 807 800034922 MPHAKU PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY ISLINGTON VILLAGE , KHOKHOVELA BUSHBUCKRIDGE 1 295 R807 800035164 MPIKANISO PRIMARY SCHOOL BUSHBUCKRIDGE 1 926 R 807 800015750 MRUBHE PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY BooMPLAAS , BREYTEN GERT SIBANDE 1 55 R807 G) 1 524 R 807 o 800015792 MSINYANE SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SPRINGBOKKRML , ISWEPE
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern South Africa II 10Th - 24Th February 2017 (15 Days) Trip Report
    Eastern South Africa II 10th - 24th February 2017 (15 days) Trip Report Southern Carmine Bee-eater by Gareth Robbins Trip report by compiled by tour leader, Gareth Robbins Photos by David Cook, Gareth Robbins & Adam Riley Trip Report – RBT SA - Eastern South Africa II 2017 2 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Tour Summary Today was our arrival day and some of us just spent a leisurely time birding in the garden at our guest house in Kempton Park, Johannesburg. There were a few bird feeders placed in the garden, which attracted good numbers of Red- headed Finches, Cape and House Sparrows and Laughing Doves. Karoo Thrush and Grey Go-Away-Birds were also seen in the garden and Western Cattle Egrets were seen flying overhead. In the evening, we all met at dinner and discussed the program for the first full day of the tour. We left our guest house before sunrise and drove in the direction of Pretoria. Just outside the city, we stopped for a quick coffee at a petrol station and here we saw Cape Wagtail, House Sparrow, African Palm Swifts, Southern Masked Karoo Thrush by Gareth Robbins Weavers and Southern Red Bishops. Shortly after the sun had risen, we had arrived at the start of the famous Zaagkuildrift Road. We all immediately noticed that the area had received good rain, as the grass was at least one meter tall. Some of the first birds we saw were the Red-backed and Lesser Grey Shrikes, Scaly-feathered Weavers, Zitting and Desert Cisticolas, as well as a few Rufous-naped Larks. A little further down the road, we managed to see Rattling Cisticola, Lesser-striped Swallows, Magpie Shrikes, Speckled Mousebirds and we also had great looks at a Diederik Cuckoo.
    [Show full text]
  • Mp Dr Pixley Ka Isaka Seme Magisterial District Amersfoort Sub
    # # !C # # ### !C^# !.!C# # # !C # # # # # # # # # # # ^!C # # # # # # # ^ # # ^ # # !C # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # !C# # # !C # # # # # # # # # #!C # # # # # #!C# # # # # ^ # !C # # # # # # # ^ # # # #!C # # # # # # !C # #^ # # # # # # ## # #!C # # # # # # ## !C # # # # # # # !C# ## # # #!C # !C # # # # # # # # # ^ # # # # # # # # # # # !C# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #!C # ## # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # !C # # ## # # # # # # # # # !C# #!C # ## # # # # # # # # # # # !C# !C # #^ # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # #!C ## # ##^ # !C #!C# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # ## # # # # #!C ^ # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # ## # # !C # # # # # # #!C # # # #!C # # # # # # # !C # # # # !C## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # !C ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ^!C # # # # # # # # # # # ^ # # # ## # # # # # # ## # # # !C # # !C #!C # # # # # #!C # # # # # # # # # # # !C# # # # # # # # # # # # # !C# # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # !C # # # # # #### #!C # # # !C !C# # ## # # # # ## !C !C # #!. # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # #!C# # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # ### # #^ # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # ^ !C# ## # # # # # # # # # !C # # # # ## # ### # # # # !C ## # # # # # ## !C## # !C ## # # # # ## # !C # # # ^ # # !C ## # # # !C# ^# #!C # !C # # # !C ## # # #!C ## # # # # # # # # # ## # !C## ## # # # # # # # # #!C # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # !C # # ^ # ## # # # # !C # # # # # # # !. # # !C# ## # # # # !C # # # #
    [Show full text]
  • Lekwa Local Municipality 2018/19
    Table of Contents 1. CHAPTER ONE: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 1.1. Background on a Simplified (IDP) Integrated Development Plans for smaller municipalities (B4) ............................................. 7 1.2. Legislative and Policy Framework of Simplified IDPs .......................................................................................................... 7 1.3. Binding Plans and Policies from other Spheres of Government ............................................................................................ 9 1.3.1. Legislative Framework ............................................................................................................................................... 10 1.4. Annual IDP Review Process ........................................................................................................................................... 11 1.5. Vision ......................................................................................................................................................................... 13 1.5.1. Mission .................................................................................................................................................................... 13 1.5.2. Corporate Values .....................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Performance Plan for 2013-14
    f Mpumalanga Department of Health ANNUAL PERFORMANCE PLAN FOR 2013/14 Date of Tabling 09/05/2013 1 MPUMALANGA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ANNUAL PERFORMANCE PLAN 2013/14 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ACRONYMS 6 1 INTRODUCTION 10 2. BACKGROUND 10 3.1 FOREWORD BY THE MEC FOR HEALTH AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 11 3.2 STATEMENT BY THE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT 12 3.3 OFFICIAL SIGN OFF BY THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER, HEAD OF STATEGIC PLANNING, 14 HEAD HEALTH AND MEC FOR HEALTH AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PART A 4. STRATEGIC OVERVIEW 16 4.1 VISION 4.2 MISSION 4.3 VALUES 4.4 STRATEGIC GOALS 17 4.5 SITUATION ANALYSIS 21 4.5.1 Population Profile 4.5.2 Socio-Economic Profile 4.5.3 Epidemiological Profile 4.6 PROVINCIAL SERVICE DELIVERY ENVIRONMENT 38 4.6.1 National Health Systems (NHS) Priorities for 2009-2014: The 10 Point Plan 4.6.2 Mpumalanga Department of Health Priorities 4.6.3 Mpumalanga Contribution towards Health Sector Negotiated Service Delivery Agreement (NSDA) 4.7 PROVINCIAL ORGANISATIONAL ENVIRONMENT 58 4.8 LEGISLATIVE MANDATES AND NEW POLICY INITIATIVES 59 4.9 OVERVIEW OF THE 2012/13 BUDGET AND MTEF ESTIMATES 64 4.9.1 Expenditure Estimates 4.9.2 Relating Expenditure Trends to Specific Goals 2 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PART B – PROGRAMME AND SUB PROGRAMME PLANS 71 1. BUDGET PROGRAMME 1: ADMINISTRATION 71 1.1 Programme Purpose 1.2 Priorities 1.3 Situational Analysis and Projected Performance for Human Resources 1.4 Provincial Strategic Objectives and Targets for Administration 1.5 Quarterly Targets for Administration 1.6 Reconciling Performance Targets with Expenditure Trends and Budgets 1.7 Performance and Expenditure Trends 1.8 Risk Management 2.
    [Show full text]
  • MDE All Public Schools - Address List 2003
    MDE all public schools - address list 2003 REGION GERT SIBANDE CIRCUIT 07 BALFOUR EMIS Postal address Physical address TEL. / FAX 000232 AMUKELANI PRIMARY SCHOOL P O BOX 238 BRAKFONTEIN FARM 017-7703588 BALFOUR 2410 BALFOUR - 000489 BALFOUR PRIMARY SCHOOL P O BOX 144 CHEF STREET, 017-773 0101 BALFOUR 2410 BALFOUR 017-773 0101 000810 BEERLAAGTE PRIMARY SCHOOL P O BOX 213 ELDORADO FARM 01777-9 0328 GROOTVLEI 2420 - 001172 BLOEKOMLAAN PRIMARY SCHOOL P O BOX 993 RIETFONTEIN FARM - BALFOUR 2410 - 001487 BONUKUKHANYA PRIMARY SCHOOL P O BOX 91 2678 MONARENG STREET 017-773 0299 BALFOUR 2410 SIYATHEMBA - 001628 BOTJHABELA PRIMARY SCHOOL P O BOX 290 LINDEN FARM, 017-7798257 GROOTVLEI 2420 GROOTVLEI - 003731 ENHLALAKAHLE PRIMARY SCHOOL P O BOX 53 RIETFONTEIN FARM - BALFOUR 2410 - 004465 GEKOMBINEERDE SKOOL BALFOUR POSBUS 42 MINNAARSTRAAT, 110 017-773 0256 BALFOUR 2410 BALFOUR 017-773 0068 004853 GROOTVLEI PRIMARY SCHOOL P O BOX 57 LEEUSPRUIT FARM - GROOTVLEI 2420 - 005603 I M MANCHU SECONDARY SCHOOL P O BOX 885 CNR VOORTREKKER, & 017-773 0989 FRANK, STR BALFOUR 2410 BALFOUR 017-7730989 006718 ISIFISOSETHU SECONDARY SCHOOL P O BOX 534 3803 017-773 0488 BALFOUR 2410 LEFOKOTSANE STR - 006767 ISIPHESIHLE PRIMARY SCHOOL P O BOX 218 RUSTFONTEIN FARM, 017-778 0241 BALFOUR 2410 BALFOUR NORTH - 006825 ITHUTENG PRIMARY SCHOOL P O BOX 10 LEEUWFONTEIN FARM 0839505499 GROOTVLEI 2420 - 008029 KLEINSKUUR PRIMARY SCHOOL P O BOX 84 KLEINSKUUR AF 7 017-773 1080 BALFOUR 2410 RIETBULT FARM - 009175 LAERSKOOL GREYLINGSTAD POSBUS 37 HV BEZUIDENHOUD & 017-7780410 DREYERSTRAAT
    [Show full text]
  • Client: Pixley Ka Isaka Seme Local Municipality Private Bag X9011 Volksrust 2470
    Client: Pixley Ka Isaka Seme Local Municipality Private Bag X9011 Volksrust 2470 Assisted By: Urban Dynamics (Mpumalanga) Inc. PO Box 3294 Middelburg 1050 Funded by: Gert Sibande District Municipality PO Box 550 Secunda 2302 Date: 30 November 2010 i Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................................................1 1.0 THE NEED FOR A SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK...........................................................................................1 1.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 2.0 LEGISLATIVE CONTEXT......................................................................................................................................................4 2.1 LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 IDP & DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY LINKAGE.............................................................................................................................................................. 6 2.3 CURRENT PLANNING ........................................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 4. General Description of the Study Area Environment
    Draft Environmental Scoping Report for the proposed Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) power plant in the Amersfoort Area, Mpumalanga Province 4. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA ENVIRONMENT 4.1. The Biophysical Environment 4.1.1. Locality The proposed project falls in the Mpumalanga Province in Ward 7 of the Pixley ka Seme Local Municipality (MP304) within the Gert Sibande District Municipality (DC30). The Pixley Ka Seme Local Municipality is situated on the eastern border between Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal. Furthermore, the municipal area is framed by the Mkhondo Municipality in the east, Msukaligwa Municipality to the north and Lekwa Municipality to the west (refer to Figure 4.1). The Pixley Ka Seme Local Municipality comprises an area of approximately 5227,98 km² which includes the following major urban areas or towns: Amersfoort; Ezamokuhle; Perdekop; Siyazenzela; Volksrust; Vukuzakhe; Wakkerstroom and eSizameleni. Other residential areas include Daggakraal ext 1, 2 and 3 as well as Sinqobile A, B, C, and D. MSUKALIGWA MKONDO LEKWA PIXLEY KA SEME Figure 4.1 Map indicating the Pixley ka Seme Local Municipality and surrounding municipalities 4.1.2. Climate and Rainfall The study area is characterised by daily summer temperatures that range between ~2 °C and ~32 °C with an average of ~17 °C. Winter temperatures range between ~-8 °C and ~23 °C General Description of Study Area 28 29/02/2008 Draft Environmental Scoping Report for the proposed Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) power plant in the Amersfoort Area, Mpumalanga Province with an average of ~7 °C. Figure 4.2 illustrates the average monthly maximum and minimum temperatures recorded in the Majuba area, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposed Main Seat / Sub District Within the Proposed Magisterial
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
    [Show full text]
  • DSD GERT SIBANDE DISTRICT OFFICES Name of Office Physical Address Contacts Office of the District Director 102 Cnr
    DSD GERT SIBANDE DISTRICT OFFICES Name of Office Physical Address Contacts Office of the District Director 102 Cnr. Industrial & Wedgewood Avenue, Ermelo, 2350 0178197672 Msukaligwa Sub District Office 10 Oosthuizen Street,Ermelo 2350 0178112108 Lothair Branch Office Slindile Clinic Wendy House 0178454906 Sheepmoore Branch Office 601 Park Street, Hall-Wendy House 0178650071 Warburton Branch Office 322 Nganga Village 0178454906 Breyten Branch Office Thusong Centre, Cnr Ous Grobler & Breytenback Street 0178195080 Lekwa Sub District Cnr Paarl and Princess street 0177125933 Jerry Van Vuuren Building Standerton, 2430 Morgenzon Branch Office 166 Siphiwe Dlongolo Street 0177933153 Thusong Centre, Morgenzon 2315 Dipaliseng Sub District Office 625 Maqhawe Street, Balfour 0177730452 2410 Greylingstad Branch Office Kutlwano Drop-in –Centre 0177730452 280 Sechaba drive, Nthoroane 2015 Grootvlei Branch Office Grootvlei Clinic, Springfiled Road, 453 Extension 1, Grootvlei, 0177730452 2420 Albert Luthuli Branch Office Stand no 12 Next to the community hall, Elukwatini, 1192 0178833240 Carolina Branch Office Stand No.6434 Ext 4, Silobela, Carolina, 1185 0178431142 Mayflower Branch Office D275 Mpuluzi, 2335 0178812340 Glenmoore Branch office E419 Dundonald, 2335 0178879900 Badplaas Branch office Stand No.42 Brink Street, Badplaas, 1190 0178431142 Mkhondo Sub District office 35 Cnr Joubert and De wet, Piet Retief, 2380 0178260545 Mkhondo Sub District office 0178260545 Amsterdam Branch office President Str next to clinic, Amsterdam, 2375 0178469012 Driefontein
    [Show full text]
  • Sector Based Development Consulting Cc
    MPUMALANGA PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT OF CULTURE, SPORT AND RECREATION Project Name: Documentation of Sites, Heroes and Heroines of the Liberation Struggle in the Gert Sibande District Municipality DRAFT SITUATION ANALYSIS REPORT Prepared by Sector Based Development Consulting cc Company Registration Number: 2009/004383/23 662 NDABA DRIVE, PROTEA NORTH, P.O. TSHIAWELO, 1818, SOWETO, GAUTENG PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA Tel: +27 11 980 8888, Fax: +27 11 980 8888 Fax to e-mail 0880 11 980 8888 Mobile +27 84 580 7947 E-mail [email protected] Managing Member: Khensani Maluleke Page 0 of 71 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The following is a draft Situation Analysis Report on a District Chapter of the National Liberation Heritage Route (NLHR) focusing on the Gert Sibande District Municipality (GSDM) in the Mpumalanga Province. The project is sponsored by the Mpumalanga Provincial Government through the Department of Culture, Sport and Recreation. The project seeks to preserve the memory of the liberation struggle heritage by identifying and documenting sites with liberation heritage significance. The sites will be networked with some nodes having World Heritage status, and others with national, provincial and local significance. The scope and ownership of the Project reflects its national, regional and international dimensions. The Department of Arts and Culture (DAC) plays the role of national custodian in all matters relating to Culture and Heritage. The National Heritage Council (NHC) as an agency of DAC initiated the National Liberation Heritage Route Project and is the operational vehicle. The South African Heritage Resources Authority (SAHRA) is the statutory body for the implementation of the National Heritage Resource Act (25/1999), the principal law for the management of Heritage Resources in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Rural (PDF Format)
    Published by Statistics South Africa, Private Bag X44, Pretoria 0001 © Statistics South Africa, 2003 Users may apply or process this data, provided Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) is acknowledged as the original source of the data; that it is specified that the application and/or analysis is the result of the user's independent processing of the data; and that neither the basic data nor any reprocessed version or application thereof may be sold or offered for sale in any form whatsoever without prior permission from Stats SA. Stats SA Library Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) Data Census 2001: Investigation into appropriate definitions of urban and rural areas for South Africa: Discussion document/ Statistics South Africa. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa, 2003 195p. [Report No. 03-02-20 (2001)] ISBN 0-621-34336-6 1. Population research – South Africa 2. Population density – South Africa 3. Rural–Urban Migration – Research 4. Geography – Terminology (LCSH 16) This report is available on the Stats SA website: www.statssa.gov.za and by request on CD-Rom. Copies can be ordered from: Printing and Distribution, Statistics South Africa Tel: (012) 310 8251 Fax: (012) 322 3374 E-mail: [email protected] As this is an electronic document, edits and updates can be implemented as they become available. This version was finalised on 15 July 2003. Nothing substantive was altered from the version of 8 July 2003. Census 2001: Investigation into appropriate definitions of urban and rural areas for South Africa: Discussion document CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Objectives 1 1.2 Assumptions 1 1.3 Data sources 1 1.4 Geographic structure 1 1.5 The concepts of urban and rural 2 2.
    [Show full text]