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Proceedings of the Open University Geological Society
0 OUGS Proceedings 5 2019_OUGSJ 26/02/2019 11:45 Page i Proceedings of the Open University Geological Society Volume 5 2019 Including articles from the AGM 2018 Geoff Brown Memorial Lecture, the ‘Music of the Earth’ Symposium 2018 lectures (Worcester University), OUGS Members’ field trip reports, the Annual Report for 2018, and the 2018 Moyra Eldridge Photographic Competition Winning and Highly Commended photographs Edited and designed by: Dr David M. Jones 41 Blackburn Way, Godalming, Surrey GU7 1JY e-mail: [email protected] The Open University Geological Society (OUGS) and its Proceedings Editor accept no responsibility for breach of copyright. Copyright for the work remains with the authors, but copyright for the published articles is that of the OUGS. ISSN 2058-5209 © Copyright reserved Proceedings of the OUGS 5 2019; published 2019; printed by Hobbs the Printers Ltd, Totton, Hampshire 0 OUGS Proceedings 5 2019_OUGSJ 26/02/2019 11:46 Page 35 The complex tectonic evolution of the Malvern region: crustal accretion followed by multiple extensional and compressional reactivation Tim Pharaoh British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG ([email protected]) Abstract The Malvern Hills include some of the oldest rocks in southern Britain, dated by U-Pb zircon analysis to c. 680Ma. They reflect calc- alkaline arc magmatic activity along a margin of the Rodinia palaeocontinent, hints of which are provided by inherited zircon grains as old as 1600Ma. Metamorphic recrystallisation under upper greenschist/amphibolite facies conditions occurred from c. 650–600Ma. Subsequently, rifting of the magmatic arc (c.f. the modern western Pacific) at c. 565Ma led to the formation of a small oceanic mar- ginal basin, evidenced by basaltic pillow lavas and tuffs of the Warren House Formation, and Kempsey Formation equivalents beneath the Worcester Graben. -
ON the ROCKS Newsletter of the Yorkshire Branch of the Open University Geological Society March 2018
ON THE ROCKS Newsletter of the Yorkshire Branch of the Open University Geological Society March 2018 A view of Great Gable (899m – the 9th highest mountain in England), Cumbria, looking northeast from the end of Wast Water, where the River Irt starts its short journey to the Irish Sea. Wast Water is the deepest lake in England (76m). The mountains are all from the Borrowdale Volcanic Group. (Peter Roberts 27.3.17 Grid Ref: NY 14535 03878) Welcome to the Spring edition of your newsletter Contents I hope you enjoy reading it and feel inspired to contribute to future issues. I must 1. Editor’s piece start with an apology. Unfortunately, the minutes of the AGM are not yet available 2. Rick’s musings but will be appearing in the next issue along with a copy of the accounts. 3. - 6. Blencathra report 7. Guide to minerals Our main article this time is the first of a number of reports by Peter Vallely on last 7. Obituary autumn’s Blencathra trip, and, if the photos are anything to go by, the hardy 8. Climate change article participants enjoyed a lovely sunny, if rather chilly, day out. 9. YOUGS 2018 field trips Peter Roberts has kindly provided the above photo, and we have another “simple 10. Snippets guide to minerals”, David Cousins’ personal view on surviving climate change, an 11. 2018 Blencathra obituary to Bill Graham who was a long-time Branch member, and a full listing of this year’s field trips, including separate details of this year’s Blencathra trip. -
New Additions to CASCAT from Carlisle Archives
Cumbria Archive Service CATALOGUE: new additions August 2021 Carlisle Archive Centre The list below comprises additions to CASCAT from Carlisle Archives from 1 January - 31 July 2021. Ref_No Title Description Date BRA British Records Association Nicholas Whitfield of Alston Moor, yeoman to Ranald Whitfield the son and heir of John Conveyance of messuage and Whitfield of Standerholm, Alston BRA/1/2/1 tenement at Clargill, Alston 7 Feb 1579 Moor, gent. Consideration £21 for Moor a messuage and tenement at Clargill currently in the holding of Thomas Archer Thomas Archer of Alston Moor, yeoman to Nicholas Whitfield of Clargill, Alston Moor, consideration £36 13s 4d for a 20 June BRA/1/2/2 Conveyance of a lease messuage and tenement at 1580 Clargill, rent 10s, which Thomas Archer lately had of the grant of Cuthbert Baynbrigg by a deed dated 22 May 1556 Ranold Whitfield son and heir of John Whitfield of Ranaldholme, Cumberland to William Moore of Heshewell, Northumberland, yeoman. Recites obligation Conveyance of messuage and between John Whitfield and one 16 June BRA/1/2/3 tenement at Clargill, customary William Whitfield of the City of 1587 rent 10s Durham, draper unto the said William Moore dated 13 Feb 1579 for his messuage and tenement, yearly rent 10s at Clargill late in the occupation of Nicholas Whitfield Thomas Moore of Clargill, Alston Moor, yeoman to Thomas Stevenson and John Stevenson of Corby Gates, yeoman. Recites Feb 1578 Nicholas Whitfield of Alston Conveyance of messuage and BRA/1/2/4 Moor, yeoman bargained and sold 1 Jun 1616 tenement at Clargill to Raynold Whitfield son of John Whitfield of Randelholme, gent. -
Geological Survey of Finland
Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 357 Paleoproterozoic volcanism in the Kühtelysvaara - Tohmajärvi district, eastern Finland by Lauri J. Pekkarinen and Heikki Lukkarinen Geologian tutkimuskeskus Espoo 1991 - - ----- --- - - Geological Survey of Finland, Bulletin 357 P ALEOPROTEROZOIC VOLCANISM IN THE KIIHTELYSVAARA - TOHMAJÄRVI DISTRICT, EASTERN FINLAND by LAURI J. PEKKARINEN AND HEIKKI LUKKARINEN with 17 figures, 1 table and 3 appendices GEOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS ESPOO 1991 Pekkarinen, L.J. & Lukkarinen, H., 1991. Paleoproterozoie volcanism in the Kiih telysvaara - Tohmajärvi distriet, eastern Finland. Geological Survey 0/ Finland, Bulletin 357,30 pages, 17 figures, I table and 3 appendiees. The numerous episodes of Paleoproterozoie volcanism and assoeiated sedimen tation preserved in the Kiihtelysvaara - Tohmajärvi distriet represent both prolonged and episodie rifting of eratonie erust. V-Pb zireon age determinations from two mafie dykes intruded in eonjunetion with the basalmost lava flows indieate an age of ca. 2120 - 2100 Ma for this earliest mafie magmatism. However, no informa tion is yet available eoneerning the age of the younger flows, dykes or sills. Pyroclastie units are also present and have, along with the mafie lava flows and intrusions, been metamorphosed under greenschist facies eonditions. Volcan ism took plaee in an intraeratonie, within-plate setting, with predominantly basal tie eompositions. Hydrothermal alteration oeeurred both during and after erup tion. This affeeted the chemical composition of the earlier lava in particular, the younger lava flows as weil as the dykes and sills generally showing less evidence of ehemical alteration. The volcanogenic and sedimentary formations of the Kiihtelysvaara area have been renamed according to local geographical place names and regional correla tions and comparisons have been made between the study area and similar sequences elsewhere in Finland, particularly with respect to the mafie units. -
The Geology of England – Critical Examples of Earth History – an Overview
The Geology of England – critical examples of Earth history – an overview Mark A. Woods*, Jonathan R. Lee British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG *Corresponding Author: Mark A. Woods, email: [email protected] Abstract Over the past one billion years, England has experienced a remarkable geological journey. At times it has formed part of ancient volcanic island arcs, mountain ranges and arid deserts; lain beneath deep oceans, shallow tropical seas, extensive coal swamps and vast ice sheets; been inhabited by the earliest complex life forms, dinosaurs, and finally, witnessed the evolution of humans to a level where they now utilise and change the natural environment to meet their societal and economic needs. Evidence of this journey is recorded in the landscape and the rocks and sediments beneath our feet, and this article provides an overview of these events and the themed contributions to this Special Issue of Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association, which focuses on ‘The Geology of England – critical examples of Earth History’. Rather than being a stratigraphic account of English geology, this paper and the Special Issue attempts to place the Geology of England within the broader context of key ‘shifts’ and ‘tipping points’ that have occurred during Earth History. 1. Introduction England, together with the wider British Isles, is blessed with huge diversity of geology, reflected by the variety of natural landscapes and abundant geological resources that have underpinned economic growth during and since the Industrial Revolution. Industrialisation provided a practical impetus for better understanding the nature and pattern of the geological record, reflected by the publication in 1815 of the first geological map of Britain by William Smith (Winchester, 2001), and in 1835 by the founding of a national geological survey. -
Index to Gallery Geograph
INDEX TO GALLERY GEOGRAPH IMAGES These images are taken from the Geograph website under the Creative Commons Licence. They have all been incorporated into the appropriate township entry in the Images of (this township) entry on the Right-hand side. [1343 images as at 1st March 2019] IMAGES FROM HISTORIC PUBLICATIONS From W G Collingwood, The Lake Counties 1932; paintings by A Reginald Smith, Titles 01 Windermere above Skelwith 03 The Langdales from Loughrigg 02 Grasmere Church Bridge Tarn 04 Snow-capped Wetherlam 05 Winter, near Skelwith Bridge 06 Showery Weather, Coniston 07 In the Duddon Valley 08 The Honister Pass 09 Buttermere 10 Crummock-water 11 Derwentwater 12 Borrowdale 13 Old Cottage, Stonethwaite 14 Thirlmere, 15 Ullswater, 16 Mardale (Evening), Engravings Thomas Pennant Alston Moor 1801 Appleby Castle Naworth castle Pendragon castle Margaret Countess of Kirkby Lonsdale bridge Lanercost Priory Cumberland Anne Clifford's Column Images from Hutchinson's History of Cumberland 1794 Vol 1 Title page Lanercost Priory Lanercost Priory Bewcastle Cross Walton House, Walton Naworth Castle Warwick Hall Wetheral Cells Wetheral Priory Wetheral Church Giant's Cave Brougham Giant's Cave Interior Brougham Hall Penrith Castle Blencow Hall, Greystoke Dacre Castle Millom Castle Vol 2 Carlisle Castle Whitehaven Whitehaven St Nicholas Whitehaven St James Whitehaven Castle Cockermouth Bridge Keswick Pocklington's Island Castlerigg Stone Circle Grange in Borrowdale Bowder Stone Bassenthwaite lake Roman Altars, Maryport Aqua-tints and engravings from -
Short Walks Group
SHORT WALKS GROUP We’ve been blessed with good weather this spring so have been able to walk each month though the March walk had to be altered as the ground was so boggy and muddy. 11th March The walk was changed to a shortish road walk from the Derby Arms at Witherslack with refreshments at the pub afterwards. A good group of walkers joined the walk including my husband Chris on his scooter. After a spell of bad weather everyone was delighted to have a pleasant day and get out and enjoy a walk. We walked the old road to Millside and then up the quiet lane to Beckhead where the stream appears from under the rocks – a wonderfully tranquil spot. We carried on a short distance to where the lane ends and stopped for coffee. We then retraced our steps past some wonderful houses at Beckhead to Millside where we deviated down a short path to see the old millwheel- now part of someone’s garden. Back to the road we wound our way along the quiet lanes back to the Derby Arms for a welcome drink. 8th April It was a cold but bright day, and nineteen intrepid walkers gathered in Gummer’s Howe Car Park. A very pleasant 5 miler on good paths across pasture and fell side with magnificent views all the way lay ahead. We were all surprised how busy the car park was, but then realised that it was half term for Cumbria. Several family groups were headed for Gummer’s Howe, but not us. -
W.J. B , B.E. L and C.N. Waters
DRAFT – FOR BGS APPROVAL THE GLOBAL DEVONIAN, CARBONIFEROUS AND PERMIAN CORRELATION PROJECT: A REVIEW OF THE CONTRIBUTION FROM GREAT BRITAIN 1 2 2 3 G. WARRINGTON , W.J. BARCLAY , B.E. LEVERIDGE AND C.N. WATERS Warrington, G., Barclay, W.J., Leveridge, B.E. and Waters, C.N. 201x. The Global Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian Correlation Project: a review of the contribution from Great Britain. Geoscience in South-West England, 13, xx-xx. A contribution on the lithostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian successions onshore in Great Britain, prepared for an international project, is summarised with particular reference to south-west England. Devonian and Carboniferous successions present in that region occur in the Rhenohercynian Tectonic Zone, to the south of the Variscan Front (VF), and their complexity reflects formation in six composite basins. They differ substantially from contemporaneous successions north of the VF. Whereas Devonian successions south of the VF are largely marine, those to the north are continental. Carboniferous successions south of the VF are predominantly marine, but shallow-water and deltaic facies occur in the highest formations. North of the VF, marine conditions were superseded by paralic and continental sedimentation. Erosion, following Variscan tectonism, resulted in the Permian successions generally resting unconformably upon older Palaeozoic rocks. In south-west England a continental succession may extend, with depositional hiatuses, from the latest Carboniferous to the Late Permian and is the most complete Permian succession in Great Britain. However, the position of the Permian–Triassic boundary in the south- west, and elsewhere in the country, is not yet resolved. -
References Geological Society, London, Memoirs
Geological Society, London, Memoirs References Geological Society, London, Memoirs 2002; v. 25; p. 297-319 doi:10.1144/GSL.MEM.2002.025.01.23 Email alerting click here to receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article service Permission click here to seek permission to re-use all or part of this article request Subscribe click here to subscribe to Geological Society, London, Memoirs or the Lyell Collection Notes Downloaded by on 3 November 2010 © 2002 Geological Society of London References ABBATE, E., BORTOLOTTI, V. & PASSERINI, P. 1970. Olistostromes and olis- ARCHER, J. B, 1980. Patrick Ganly: geologist. Irish Naturalists' Journal, 20, toliths. Sedimentary Geology, 4, 521-557. 142-148. ADAMS, J. 1995. Mines of the Lake District Fells. Dalesman, Skipton (lst ARTER. G. & FAGIN, S. W. 1993. The Fieetwood Dyke and the Tynwald edn, 1988). fault zone, Block 113/27, East Irish Sea Basin. In: PARKER, J. R. (ed.), AGASSIZ, L. 1840. Etudes sur les Glaciers. Jent & Gassmann, Neuch~tel. Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Con- AGASSIZ, L. 1840-1841. On glaciers, and the evidence of their once having ference held at the Barbican Centre, London 29 March-1 April 1992. existed in Scotland, Ireland and England. Proceedings of the Geo- Geological Society, London, 2, 835--843. logical Society, 3(2), 327-332. ARTHURTON, R. S. & WADGE A. J. 1981. Geology of the Country Around AKHURST, M. C., BARNES, R. P., CHADWICK, R. A., MILLWARD, D., Penrith: Memoir for 1:50 000 Geological Sheet 24. Institute of Geo- NORTON, M. G., MADDOCK, R. -
Broom House, Long Marton, Appleby-In-Westmorland, Cumbria CA16 6JP
Broom House, Long Marton, Appleby-in-Westmorland, Cumbria CA16 6JP Broom House, Long Marton A detached four bedroom period family home in a beautiful rural setting overlooking Long Marton’s historic Church and with superb all round views. Approached along a private lane and set on a good sized plot, it has an adjacent 0.31ha grazing paddock across the lane to the front. The current owner offers B&B with a 4* silver Visit Britain rating. This well proportioned property has a dining kitchen, with adjoining utility and store, a sitting room, a large living room (formed by an extension and with doors out to the patio), which is a sitting and dining room with fine marble fireplace, plus an office with cloakroom and WC. There are two cellar rooms beneath. The typical and lovely pine staircase leads to three double bedrooms (one with ensuite facilities), a single bedroom, the house bathroom and separate toilet. In the attic there are three rooms which have been boarded out and offer further potential. Outside to the front there is a formal lawned garden, whilst the rear is hardsurfaced and would lend itself to the creation of a garden and vegetable area. There is a garage, stable and two stores and plenty of parking for vehicles; the property has previously benefited from a two vehicle Operator’s Licence for running haulage. Services Mains water and electricity. Private septic tank drainage Oil fired central heating Telephone connected and Broadband available Local Authority Eden District Council Town Hall, Penrith, Cumbria, CA11 7QF. Telephone 01768 817817. -
Directory of Resources
SETTLE – CARLISLE RAILWAY DIRECTORY OF RESOURCES A listing of printed, audio-visual and other resources including museums, public exhibitions and heritage sites * * * Compiled by Nigel Mussett 2016 Petteril Bridge Junction CARLISLE SCOTBY River Eden CUMWHINTON COTEHILL Cotehill viaduct Dry Beck viaduct ARMATHWAITE Armathwaite viaduct Armathwaite tunnel Baron Wood tunnels 1 (south) & 2 (north) LAZONBY & KIRKOSWALD Lazonby tunnel Eden Lacy viaduct LITTLE SALKELD Little Salkeld viaduct + Cross Fell 2930 ft LANGWATHBY Waste Bank Culgaith tunnel CULGAITH Crowdundle viaduct NEWBIGGIN LONG MARTON Long Marton viaduct APPLEBY Ormside viaduct ORMSIDE Helm tunnel Griseburn viaduct Crosby Garrett viaduct CROSBY GARRETT Crosby Garrett tunnel Smardale viaduct KIRKBY STEPHEN Birkett tunnel Wild Boar Fell 2323 ft + Ais Gill viaduct Shotlock Hill tunnel Lunds viaduct Moorcock tunnel Dandry Mire viaduct Mossdale Head tunnel GARSDALE Appersett Gill viaduct Mossdale Gill viaduct HAWES Rise Hill tunnel DENT Arten Gill viaduct Blea Moor tunnel Dent Head viaduct Whernside 2415 ft + Ribblehead viaduct RIBBLEHEAD + Penyghent 2277 ft Ingleborough 2372 ft + HORTON IN RIBBLESDALE Little viaduct Ribble Bridge Sheriff Brow viaduct Taitlands tunnel Settle viaduct Marshfield viaduct SETTLE Settle Junction River Ribble © NJM 2016 Route map of the Settle—Carlisle Railway and the Hawes Branch GRADIENT PROFILE Gargrave to Carlisle After The Cumbrian Railways Association ’The Midland’s Settle & Carlisle Distance Diagrams’ 1992. CONTENTS Route map of the Settle-Carlisle Railway Gradient profile Introduction A. Primary Sources B. Books, pamphlets and leaflets C. Periodicals and articles D. Research Studies E. Maps F. Pictorial images: photographs, postcards, greetings cards, paintings and posters G. Audio-recordings: records, tapes and CDs H. Audio-visual recordings: films, videos and DVDs I. -
Find out More About the Three Peaks Project At
The Yorkshire Three Peaks walk Distance: 39km (24 miles) Parking: Horton car park ( BD24 0HF, SD 807 724) Other transport: Horton train station on the Settle to Carlisle line is close to the start Toilets: Horton car park Refreshments: pubs and café in Horton, Station Inn at Ribblehead and the Old Hill Inn in Chapel-le-dale This is a major challenge walk which is long and involves over 1600m (5000 feet) of climbing over the Three Peaks of Pen-y-ghent, Whernside and Ingleborough. There is one section on road, but the paths are good. You do need to be able to navigate and cope with conditions in the high fells. Route description 1. Walk south out of the village passing the Golden Lion pub and church and cross a small stream. Then turn left up a minor tarmac road. Follow this up towards Brackenbottom and just before reaching some buildings take a footpath on your left signed to Pen-y-ghent. 2. Climb steadily up through fields with Pen-y-ghent ahead of you. The final section of the route to the summit is steeper for a while before reaching the trig point and shelter. 3. Cross the wall at the summit and follow the clear path heading roughly north. This zig zags down, passing the gash of Hunt Pot, to reach the head of a walled lane. 4. Carry straight on to follow the new path over Whitber Hill to reach a clear track. Turn right and follow this for 1.5km (1 mile) and then take the path on the left towards Birkwith cave.