Frequency Translation Techniques for High-Integration High-Selectivity Multi-Standard Wireless Communication Systems by Jacques Christophe Rudell B.S. (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor) 1989 M.S. (University of California, Berkeley) 1994 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering - Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Committee in charge: Professor Paul R. Gray, Chair Professor Robert G. Meyer Professor Paul K. Wright Fall 2000 Frequency Translation Techniques for High-Integration High-Selectivity Multi-Standard Wireless Communication Systems Copyright © Fall 2000 by Jacques Christophe Rudell i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Although a thesis published at any university may only have one name on the cover, there are undoubtedly many others who have made a critical contribution toward the eventual completion of such a large endeavor. This is certainly true for both myself and this thesis. Without the help, advice, and encouragement of many individuals this work would have never been completed. I would not characterize my life over the last few years as fun, however it has certainly been an interesting journey. The people you meet, the friends you make, and life’s little experiences make living as a graduate student, particularly in Berkeley, very interesting. I have been truly blessed by having one of the most encouraging advisors a student could be fortunate enough to work under, Professor Paul R. Gray. I thank him for the many years of both support and advice. I have benefited not only from his knowledge of circuits, but also his keen sense of identifying the future direction of technology. Although I have learned an enormous amount of technical material under Professor Gray, I believe ethics in the work place is probably the most valuable contribution he has made to my education, and I thank him. I also wish him well in all his future endeavors including his new position as Vice Chancellor of the Berkeley campus. I would like to thank Professor Bernhard Boser for serving as the chairman of my qualifying examination committee. In addition, I enjoyed both of Professor Boser’s analog circuits classes while I was at Berkeley. I also thank Professor Robert Meyer for taking the time to read through this thesis and for many interesting conversations on both technical and non-technical matters. Professor Meyer’s EE242 was very inspirational and I particularly enjoyed the mixture of intuition and analysis, in his approach to circuit design. Although Professor Bora Nikolic was only around for the last year of my degree, I benefited dearly from both from his advice and encouragement ii on many career related issues. I thank Bora for being both a good advisor and friend. The research published in this thesis, could not have been completed without some of the outstanding facilities that both Professors Robert Brodersen and Jan Rabaey have worked so hard to provide all the students. In particular, I thank Robert Brodersen for all the encouragement over the years as well as the liberal use of the Berkeley Wireless Research Center. During my first years at Berkeley, many of the older graduate students helped to show me the ropes and provide a strong foundation for the success of my future work. Greg Uehara, now Professor Uehara, spent many frustrating afternoons trying to explain various concepts to a somewhat slow student. Greg’s advice in my early days at Berkeley, really helped to shape my future direction, and I thank him for this. As a friend, I wish Greg well at his new position as Engineering Director at Silicon Labs. Cormac Conroy is another person from this period who was free flowing with advice and continued to help out here and there, long after leaving Berkeley. In my first year at Berkeley, it was also a pleasure to work with Ken Nishimura, Weijie Yun, Robert Neff, David Cline, and Timothy Hu. Many great friends from this time who were encouraging include Nathan Yee, William Jamison, Pam and Greg Walter, Anna Ison as well as Leonard Chen. While working on the bulk of my dissertation, I was fortunate enough to work with Thomas Cho who was a great group leader. His cool head as well as sharp technical skills really helped to get our first big project off the ground. I thank Thomas for being a friend and for all the help over the years. Both Jeff Ou and George Chien were awesome people to work with on the our first “big chip”. At that time, many hours were spent in the lab and 550, both Jeff and George certainly made the long days a little less painful. I wish them both well with their new jobs. Keith Onodera was another person who was great to work with not only this project, but several others while I was at Berkeley. Keith, a card shark, is a dangerous poker player. Leave your money at home iii before playing with this guy! I also enjoyed sharing a good laugh with Todd Weigandt during some of the rather long days and nights. Francesco Brianti was great to work with as well as becoming a true life-long friend. Francesco’s cooking techniques are second to none; its amazing what one can do with a little grease, a piece of leather, and a frying pan! During my last years at Berkeley, I had the pleasure of working with a group of extraordinarily talented people. Together we worked long hours on a rather large chip. Jeff Weldon and Li Lin amaze me to this day at the sheer volume of work that can be completed in such a short time. I thank Jeff for being a good friend as well as a great colleague. Jeff is about the only one I know who can work a grill better than I, that may change after I get a Weber! Better chef than I or not, I wish Jeff well as he moves on. Li Lin was a pleasure to work with and I enjoy her company to this day. I wish Li and her new family well. Both Martin Tsai and Luns Tee are other people who did a tremendous job on our group project and I thank them for being good friends and wish them well in the future. Sebastien “Frenchy” Dedieu, one of the invading visiting industrial fellows, helped out enormously on our project. I thank Sebastien and his family for many good memories. The mixers on this project were designed by Danilo “The Cooker” Gerna. Not only can Danilo cook, but he is a great engineer. That is, as long as you discuss circuits with him out of arms reach! I also appreciated the extremely hard work from another in a long list of great industrial fellows, Masanori Otsuka. Masa put an enormous effort into our chip under a great deal of stress. I think even Masa was amazed at how much work can be completed in one year. Other people who I very much appreciated working with on this second “big chip” include, Troy Robinson, Kelvin Khoo, and Danelle Au. Although I have had little time to interact with many of the newer graduate students in Professor Gray’s group, their contributions have been significant in this thesis. In particular, Gabriel Desjardins put forth an enormous effort to work on some iv system simulations which are discussed in this thesis. Cheol Lee spent many long hours working on our test board, and I appreciate his herculean effort. Ryan “Tex” Bocock took the time to work through and edit, a rather lengthy chapter in the body of this write up, and I thank y’all kindly. I also acknowledge the effort by the newest industrial fellow in our group, Enrico Sacchi, who took the time to review a chapter of this manuscript. Other new students in the group, who I very much enjoyed and wish them future luck include, Yun Chiu, Ken Wojciechowski, and Nathan Sneed. Outside of Professor Gray’s research group, there were many other notable individuals who turned out to be good friends and people to run an occasional idea past. In the “BJ group”, many people come to mind, the first of which is Dennis Yee as he has been at Berkeley as long as I. Although, I must admit Dennis was an undergrad when I started. Dennis has helped out with so many different things over the years, that I don’t have room to adequately acknowledge all of his contributions. Much more a friend than a research colleague, Tom Burd has provided me with hours...who knows, may be even years of entertainment. Both Tom and his wife Joyce are truly great friends, who put up with a lot of my whining, and I thank them both. Chinh Doan too is a good friend and I thank him for the advice on a couple of occasions. Chinh, I hope you’re ready for the big “rematch”! Other BJ group members who became good friends and great people to work with are Sam Sheng, Anantha Chandrakasan, Lisa Guerra, Renu Mehra, Jeff Gilbert, Sayf Alalusi, Brian Limketkai, Ian O’Donnell, David Sobel and of course Kostas Sarrigeorgidis. Kostas, my parting advice to you... please, get a new set of clothes, the 70’s are over baby! In Professors Meyer’s and Boser’s group, I would like to extend a special thanks to Ali Niknejad and Manolis Terrovitis. Both were great people to talk with about research and explore future career opportunities. I wish them both luck with their new jobs.