Dinesh K. Maheshwari Meenu Saraf Editors Biodiversity And
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Sustainable Development and Biodiversity 6 Dinesh K. Maheshwari Meenu Saraf Editors Halophiles Biodiversity and Sustainable Exploitation 123 Sustainable Development and Biodiversity Volume 6 Series editor Kishan Gopal Ramawat M.L. Sukhadia University, Botany Department Udaipur, Rajasthan, India This book series provides complete, comprehensive and broad subject based reviews about existing biodiversity of different habitats and conservation strate- gies in the framework of different technologies, ecosystem diversity, and genetic diversity. The ways by which these resources are used with sustainable management and replenishment are also dealt with. The topics of interest include but are not restricted only to sustainable development of various ecosystems and conservation of hotspots, traditional methods and role of local people, threatened and endangered species, global climate change and effect on biodiversity, invasive species, impact of various activities on biodiversity, biodiversity conservation in sustaining liveli- hoods and reducing poverty, and technologies available and required. The books in this series will be useful to botanists, environmentalists, marine biologists, policy makers, conservationists, and NGOs working for environment protection. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11920 Dinesh K. Maheshwari • Meenu Saraf Editors Halophiles Biodiversity and Sustainable Exploitation Editors Dinesh K. Maheshwari Meenu Saraf Department of Botany and Microbiology Department of Microbiology Gurukula Kangri University and Biotechnology Haridwar (Uttarakhand) , India University School of Sciences Gujarat University Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India ISSN 2352-474X ISSN 2352-4758 (electronic) Sustainable Development and Biodiversity ISBN 978-3-319-14594-5 ISBN 978-3-319-14595-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-14595-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015948373 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www. springer.com) Pref ace There is a great interest on study of extreme microorganisms, particularly halophilic microorganisms which live in saline environments through different adaptation mechanisms and produce metabolites with great potential. Saline environments such as saline habitats are excellent sources for isolation of halophilic microorganisms. Microbial adaptation has played a major role when bacteria in all forms branched out into different environmental niches, arising from the hypersaline conditions of the primordial sea. Halophiles are among the best model microorganisms to study cellular adaptation. Their low nutritional requirements and resistance to high con- centrations of salt make them a potent candidate in a wide range of biotechnological applications. Halophilic bacteria are very divergent and more than 150 species in 70 genera of halophilic bacteria are reported. Use of these halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms and their metabolites under harsh industrially conditions is a strikingly important subject for industrial sectors. This volume deals with the diversity and importance of halophilic bacteria and actinobacteria for biotechnological industries; methods for their isolation and techniques for physiological, taxonomical and molecular characterization have been highlighted. The halophiles as important sources of enzyme production has been discussed. Metabolites and biological functions may resolve the ever-increas- ing thirst of industry to cope up with a range of issues from environmental pollu- tions to diseases and world’s hunger. The combination of these bio- molecules with various nanomaterials like thin-layers, nanotubes, and nanospheres that results in novel compounds possessing both biological properties of biomolecules and physico-chemical characteristics of nanomaterials has been suitably described. The book presents insights into the main biomolecules produced by both halophilic archaea and bacteria revealing their potential implications in some nanotechnolo- gies. Attempts have been made to outline progress in our understanding of their environmental diversity and biological survivability. The adaptation of enzymes during the course of their evolutionary development and some metabolic differ- ences helped them expand and achieve environmental diversity. One of the most interesting fi ndings in this fi eld of research is spatial and temporal variation in microbial community structure, which was related to variations in salinity of the v vi Preface microenvironment. Many of the isolated halophiles have been artifi cially aug- mented and applied directly to saline soils to improve the nutrient status of such soil and contribute to soil fertility and remediation . Metabolic processes, like osmoregulation in halotolerant cells, dictate the regulation of the bacterial cell membrane. Some of their biomolecules that have been studied and applied in industrial processes include exopolysaccharides, carotenoid pigments, bacteriorhodopsin, hydrolytic enzymes, etc. Various halophilic enzymes in different enzymatically processes, compatible solutes as macromolecules stabilizers, biopolymers, biofertilizers and pharmaceutically active molecules from halophilic bacteria are among the important applications of these group. Quorum sensing (QS) could infl uence the production of these biomolecules; thus a better understanding of halophilic bacterial communication mechanisms can help to improve the yields of these biotechnological processes. The highlights of this book which include the distribution of the halobacteria, their adaptation in different stress conditions, and mining of their unique antimicrobial and enzymatic potential shall be useful to senior as well as budding researchers in the emerging fi elds of microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, biotechnology, environmental sciences and nanotechnology. We would like to express our gratitude to all the subject experts and reviewers for their much needed mutual co-operation of scientifi c benefi ts. Their authoritative contribution and up-to-date information could make this project a success. Assistance rendered by our research scholars, Mohit and Shrivardhan, is thankfully acknowledged. We extend our sincere appreciation to Dr. Valeria Rinaudo and Dr. Ineke from the publisher Springer for their valuable support to facilitate the completion of this book. Haridwar , Uttarakhand , India Dinesh K. Maheshwari Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India Meenu Saraf Contents 1 Biodiversity of Halophilic and Halotolerant Actinobacteria ......................................................................................... 1 Wael N. Hozzein 2 Antimicrobial and Biocatalytic Potential of Haloalkaliphilic Actinobacteria ......................................................... 29 Sangeeta D. Gohel , Amit K. Sharma , Kruti G. Dangar , Foram J. Thakrar , and Satya P. Singh 3 Biotechnological Exploitation of Actinobacterial Members ............... 57 Javad Hamedi , Fatemeh Mohammadipanah , and Hamed Kazemi Shariat Panahi 4 Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles from Halophiles .................................... 145 Pallavee Srivastava and Meenal Kowshik 5 Halophilic Microorganisms and Their Biomolecules: Approaching into Frame of Bio(Nano) Technologies ........................... 161 M ădălin Enache , Roxana Cojoc , and Masahiro Kamekura 6 Environmental Diversity and Biological Survivability of Halophilic Bacteria ............................................................................. 173 Narayanan Rajendran 7 Investigating the Quorum Sensing System in Halophilic Bacteria ............................................................................. 189 Tommonaro Giuseppina , Abbamondi Gennaro Roberto , Toksoy Oner Ebru , and Nicolaus Barbara 8 Site Specific Bioinoculants for Sustainable Agriculture in Coastal Saline Soil ......................................................... 209 Sudipta Tripathi , Shilajit Barua , and Kalyan Chakrabarti vii viii Contents 9 Application of Halotolerant Bacteria to Restore Plant Growth Under Salt Stress............................................................. 235 Elhafi d Nabti , Michael Schmid , and Anton Hartmann 10 Beneficial Usages of Halophilic Microorganisms ................................. 261 S a fi ye Elif Korcan , Muhsin Konuk ,