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Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience The Mystery of Yawning in Physiology and Disease Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience Vol. 28 Series Editor J. Bogousslavsky Montreux The Mystery of Yawning in Physiology and Disease Volume Editor O. Walusinski Brou 14 figures, 1 in color, and 5 tables, 2010 Basel · Freiburg · Paris · London · New York · Bangalore · Bangkok · Shanghai · Singapore · Tokyo · Sydney Dr. Olivier Walusinski General Practice 28160 Brou (France) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The mystery of yawning in physiology and disease / volume editor, O. Walusinski. p. ; cm. -- (Frontiers of neurology and neuroscience, ISSN 1660-4431 ; v. 28) Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 978-3-8055-9404-2 (hard cover : alk. paper) 1. Yawning. I. Walusinski, Olivier. II. Series: Frontiers of neurology and neuroscience, v. 28. 1660-4431 ; [DNLM: 1. Yawning--physiology. 2. Respiratory Physiological Phenomena. W1 MO568C v.28 2010 / WF 102 M998 2010] QP372.M97 2010 612.2Ј1--dc22 2010001269 Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents® and Index Medicus. Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © Copyright 2010 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH–4009 Basel (Switzerland) www.karger.com Printed in Switzerland on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Reinhardt Druck, Basel ISSN 1660–4431 ISBN 978–3–8055–9404–2 e-ISBN 978–3–8055–9405–9 Section Title Contents VII List of Contributors IX Preface Bogousslavsky, J. (Glion/Montreux) X Foreword Walusinski, O. (Brou) 1 Historical Perspectives Walusinski, O. (Brou) 22 Popular Knowledge and Beliefs Walusinski, O. (Brou) 26 Yawning throughout Life Giganti, F.; Salzarulo, P. (Florence) 32 Fetal Yawning Walusinski, O. (Brou) 42 Sleep, Sleepiness and Yawning Giganti, F.; Zilli, I.; Aboudan, S.; Salzarulo, P. (Florence) 47 Interplay between Yawning and Vigilance: A Review of the Experimental Evidence Guggisberg, A.G. (Geneva); Mathis, J.; Hess, C.W. (Bern) 55 The Hidden Sexuality of the Yawn and the Future of Chasmology Seuntjens, W. (Brussels) 63 Non-Human Primates: A Comparative Developmental Perspective on Yawning Anderson, J.R. (Stirling) 77 Punishment-Induced Fear Modifies the Daily Course of Yawning in Rats Moyaho, A.; Valencia, J. (Puebla) 84 A Thermoregulatory Behavior Gallup, A.C. (Binghamton, N.Y.) 90 Neurophamacology of Yawning Collins, G.T. (Ann Arbor, Mich.); Eguibar, J.R. (Puebla) 107 Yawn, Yawn, Yawn, Yawn; Yawn, Yawn, Yawn! The Social, Evolutionary and Neuroscientific Facets of Contagious Yawning Platek, S.M. (Lawrenceville, Ga.) V 113 Developmental and Comparative Perspectives of Contagious Yawning Senju, A. (London) 120 Methodological Problems in the Study of Contagious Yawning Campbell, M.W.; de Waal, F.B.M. (Atlanta, Ga.) 128 Exploring Yawning with Neuroimaging Nahab, F.B. (Miami, Fla.) 134 Associated Movements in Hemiplegic Limbs during Yawning Meenakshisundaram, R. (Chennai); Thirumalaikolundusubramanian, P. (Trichy); Walusinski, O. (Brou); Muthusundari, A. (Tirunelveli); Sweni, S. (Debrecen) 140 Associated Diseases Walusinski, O. (Brou) 156 Author Index 157 Subject Index VI Contents List of Contributors S. Aboudan José Ramón Eguibar Department of Psychology Laboratorio de Neurofisiología de la University of Florence Conducta y Control Motor Via di San Salvi 12 Instituto de Fisiología Complesso di San Salvi Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Padiglione 26 Puebla 50135 Florence (Italy) Apartado Postal 406 Puebla, Pue. 72000 (México) James R. Anderson Department of Psychology A.C. Gallup University of Stirling Department of Biological Sciences Stirling FK9 4LA (Scotland) Binghamton University Binghamton, NY 13902 (USA) Julien Bogousslavsky Center for Brain and Nervous Disorders Fiorenza Giganti Genolier Swiss Medical Network Department of Psychology 1272 Glion/Montreux (Switzerland) University of Florence Via di San Salvi 12 Matthew W. Campbell Complesso di San Salvi Living Links Center Padiglione 26 Yerkes National Primate Research Center 50135 Florence (Italy) Emory University Atlanta, GA 30072 (USA) Adrian G. Guggisberg Department of Clinical Neurosciences Gregory T. Collins University of Geneva Department of Pharmacology Avenue de Beau-Séjour 26 University of Michigan 1211 Geneva 14 (Switzerland) 1301 MSRB III 1150 W. Medical Center Dr. Christian W. Hess Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (USA) Department of Neurology Inselspital Frans B.M. de Waal University of Bern Living Links Center 3010 Bern (Switzerland) Yerkes National Primate Research Center Emory University Johannes Mathis 954 Gatewood Dr. Department of Neurology Atlanta, GA 30322 (USA) Inselspital University of Bern 3010 Bern (Switzerland) VII Ramachandran Meenakshisundaram Wolter Seuntjens Madras Medical College & J.-F. Leemanslaan 27 Government General Hospital 1160 Oudergem Brussels (Belgium) Park Town Chennai 600003 (India) Shah Sweni University of Debrecen Alejandro Moyaho Medical & Health Science Center Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta Nagyerdei krt. 98 Instituto de Fisiología PO Box 48 Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de 4032 Debrecen (Hungary) Puebla Apartado Postal 406 Ponniah Thirumalaikolundusubramanian Puebla, Pue. 72401 (México) Chennai Medical College Hospital & Research Center Arunachalam Muthusundari Irungalur, Trichy 621105 (India) Tirunelveli Medical College & Hospital Tirunelveli 627011 (India) Jaime Valencia Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta Fatta B. Nahab Instituto de Fisiología University of Miami Miller Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de School of Medicine Puebla 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 1347 (C215) Apartado Postal 406 Miami, FL 33136 (USA) Puebla, Pue. 72401 (México) Steven M. Platek Olivier Walusinski Georgia Gwinnett College 20 rue de Chartres Lawrenceville, GA 30043 (USA) 28160 Brou (France) Piero Salzarulo I. Zilli Department of Psychology Department of Psychology University of Florence University of Florence Via di San Salvi 12 Via di San Salvi 12 Complesso di San Salvi Complesso di San Salvi Padiglione 26 Padiglione 26 50135 Florence (Italy) 50135 Florence (Italy) Atsushi Senju Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development Birkbeck University of London Malet Street London WC1E 7HX (UK) VIII List of Contributors Section Title Preface Along with laughing, crying, and even coughing, yawning is a mysterious and fasci- nating physiological phenomenon that has been poorly addressed. These phenomena share a complex paroxysmal motor-respiratory interaction that is strongly influenced by emotional factors. For instance, while the layman commonly associates yawning with boring situations, it also typically evokes a feeling of pleasure, especially dur- ing a full yawn with tonic extension of the limbs. However, many aspects of yawning remain unknown, and it will surely come as a surprise to many of us to read in the following pages that yawning may also be considered a strong sexual signal! Dr. Olivier Walusinski is to be congratulated for putting together the fascinating chapters of this book, centered around a topic on which most neurologists would struggle to write more than a single sentence. The phylogenetic and ontogenetic (with fetal yawning) aspects highlight an interesting perspective on biological and human development, while the occurrence and features of yawning in neurological diseases also constitute an area that has only been explored by a few investigators. Dr. Walusinski is not merely one of these investigators, but an encyclopedic expert on yawning and its associated manifestations, as well as its neurobiological corre- lates. Moreover, it should be recognized that he has accumulated this large body of knowledge in parallel to his daily work as a general practitioner over the last 30 years! Acquiring scientific peer-recognition is not an easy task for an ‘outsider’, and we must say that the current result is beyond any of our initial expectations. Unlike most other books focusing on a specific neurological behavior or condition, the present work opens surprising windows into the history of neurology, human and animal behavior, and even philosophy; thus, making perfect ‘anti-yawn reading’! Julien Bogousslavsky
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