Wind & Aviation Webinar 28th May 2020, 1000-1130
1 10:00-10:05 Welcome
Alicia Green, Policy Analyst, RenewableUK
❑ 2019 & 2020 Wind & Aviation events ❑ Webinar Agenda – Keynote updates, sessions on: The Surveillance Environment, UAS & Helicopters, Lighting & Marking ❑ Objectives for today ▪ Provide an update on the 2019 Action Plan & progress against it ▪ Invite feedback ▪ Maintain momentum ▪ Help prepare for the main event in September 2020 https://events.renewableuk.com/aviation20 ❑ Comments & feedback form ❑ 2019 Post-Event Report ❑ 2019 Draft Think Piece & Action Plan ❑ 2019 UAS Guidelines – RUGO Issue 1 2 10:05 – 10:30 Keynote Updates
❑Government green energy & wind policy
❑Outcomes of the 2019 event & proposed action plan
❑AIFCL
❑OWIC Sector Deal Aviation Workstream
3 10:05-10:10 Keynote
Melanie Onn, Deputy Chief Executive, RenewableUK
❑Government Green Energy & Wind Policy
4 10:10-10:20 Outcomes of 2019 Event & Action Plan Update
Alicia Green, Policy Analyst, RenewableUK
❑Summary from 2019 event
❑Action Plan & Way Forward
5 10:10-10:20 Outcomes of 2019 Event & Action Plan Update
2019 Event – NEC Birmingham 30 April 2019
54 Organisations 122 Participants Four Table Discussion Workshop Sessions: Radar & Surveillance Helicopter Operations Lighting and Markings UAS Summary Report Published and available on the RenewableUK Website
6 10:10-10:20 Outcomes of 2019 Event & Action Plan Update
Summary from 2019 event – Key Outcomes
• Radar & Surveillance remains the most significant factor • A revitalised initiative led by Government is required • Government lead to change current approach will be necessary to help deliver net-zero ambition • Wind turbines need to be recognised as part of the normal operating environment • Wind industry needs to continue addressing factors under its control which contribute to mitigation • Helicopter Operations are key element in supporting wind turbine operations • Greater clarity about aviation’s requirements for lighting and marking to realise the benefits of greater consistency • How can potential demand or proximity activated lighting reduce environmental impact and ensure safety • Wind industry should be actively engaged in the UAS regulatory, airspace and UTM development so that the potential benefits for wind are realised • Wind Industry needs to be clear where its responsibilities lie as a customer of helicopter and UAS services rather than as a specialist operator
7 10:10-10:20 Outcomes of 2019 Event & Action Plan Update
• Action Plan developed based on 2019 Wind and Aviation Event Outcomes • Cover the three topics of: o Surveillance o Collaboration between airspace users (bringing together helicopter and UAS issues) o Lighting and Markings • Each Topic broken down into three strands o Political, Structural and Organisational o Technical and Operational o Stakeholder Engagement • More detail in each session today • Outcomes will be used to further develop action plan and will provide basis for the full event in September • Copy of draft Action Plan available to delegates • And a reminder – please give your inputs and feedback by 5 June so we can build on the work to date and develop the work strands further to reflect your consolidated views
8 10:10-10:20 Outcomes of 2019 Event & Action Plan Update
There are some overarching points to consider:
➢ How do we get an agreed vision and integrated requirements specification for future aviation / wind co-existence at the national, conceptual, functional level (as opposed to current, site-specific solutions)?
➢ How are the Action Plan priorities affected by immediate and longer term impacts? e.g. Covid-19, future aviation traffic and capacity demand, separation requirements, wind turbine technology, funding delays or reductions, growth in UASs, Net Zero Carbon by 2050
➢ How are the Action Plan priorities affected by onshore wind being allowed back into the CfD?
We are keen to hear your views on these and the points raised in each session today
9 10:20-10:25 AIFCL Update
AIFCL WORKING SINCE 2009 TO REMOVE RADAR OBJECTIONS
10 10:20-10:25 AIFCL Update What is AIFCL? AIFCL stands for Aviation Investment Fund Company Limited – also sometimes known as the “FMB” or “Fund Management Board” Formed in early 2009 as the wind industry funding body to support the various work streams under HMG’s Aviation Plan overseen by the Aviation Management Board (AMB) Aviation Plan / AMB structure established in 2008 Memorandum of Understanding between HMG departments and industry – MOU refreshed in 2011 by MOD, DECC/BEIS, DfT, CAA, NATS, SG, TCE, RUK and AOA AIFCL Chair and Vice Chair sit on AMB, with RUK and OWIC representatives on behalf of the wind industry Current active AIFCL members are ScottishPower Renewables, RES, Innogy, SSE Renewables, RWE Renewables (formerly E.ON), Vattenfall, Banks Renewables, EDF, Falck Renewables, Ecotricity, ESB, Engie, EnergieKontor and REG Windpower
Internal Use 11 10:20-10:25 AIFCL Update What has AIFCL done? Raised over £5m, of which £4m spent to date on variety of projects supporting the Aviation Plan – these include: ◦ Raytheon research in 2009/10 – which underpinned Project RM ◦ MOD UCCS study (2009/10) ◦ QinetiQ IR lighting study (2009/10) – which culminated in the MOD IR light specification ◦ MOD Planning Conditions Post (2010/11) – which supported TPS-77 NAIZ condition discharge ◦ Aveillant and C-Speed development contributions (2012-4) ◦ MoD ATC Technical Demonstration (2013) ◦ Eskdalemuir – support for 2013/4 SG EKA working group and Xi modelling – resulting in 2014 Report ◦ CAA turbulence study (2014/5) – resulting in a better understanding of WTG turbulence impacts AIFCL now joining with OWIC in funding the 2020-21 Air Defence Concept Demonstration and Full Time Reservist Post to support MOD-OWIC Air Defence Task Force activities
Internal Use 12 10:20-10:25 AIFCL Update Interested in becoming involved? ATC and AD radar remain significant barriers to the deployment of wind even while WTGs are now an established part of the UK built environment – i.e. the surveillance baseline 2019 RUK/AIFCL Aviation Survey shows: ◦ 11,049MW offshore & Scotland onshore require MOD ATC technical solution ◦ 15,772MW offshore & Scotland onshore require alternative mitigation to TPS77 NAIZ ◦ >4,500MW Scotland onshore require NERL ATC technical mitigation ◦ >2,800MW Scotland onshore require civil ATC technical mitigation If we are to achieve Net Zero, aviation radar must cease to be a barrier to deployment AIFCL can help fund research to achieve this – so aviation can assume responsibility for ensuring its surveillance systems are windfarm tolerant by 2030 To learn more, contact Anne Mackenzie (AIFCL chair, SPR) or Sam Johnson (vice chair, RES)
Internal Use 13 10:25-10:30 OWIC Sector Deal Aviation Workstream Update
Dujon Goncalves-Collins, Senior Strategy Advisor – Aviation, Vattenfall Wind Power OWIC Sector Deal Aviation Workstream Lead Joint Task Force Co-Chair
- Background - Challenges and Opportunities - Working Collaboratively
The Offshore Wind Industry Council (OWIC), a senior Government and industry forum, was established in May 2013 to drive the development of the world-leading offshore wind sector in the UK. It is comprised of members drawn from the leading UK and global firms in the offshore wind industry, including developers and original equipment manufacturers.
The Council oversee and drive the implementation of the Sector Deal, and are supported by a Secretary/Offshore Wind Sector Deal Programme Manager, hosted within RenewableUK.
The Offshore Wind Industry Council brings together industry, policy-makers and stakeholders to shape the industry, and work collaboratively to achieve our ambitions for 2030 and beyond. 14 10:25-10:30 OWIC Sector Deal Aviation Workstream Update Background Offshore Wind Industry Council (OWIC) - senior level government and industry interface forum. - Co-chaired by BEIS minister and industry leader. Formed 2013, with 17 leading companies. - Offshore Wind key element of UK government's Clean Growth Strategy and Industrial Strategy. - Along with other sectors, e.g. Aerospace, UK government has launched Offshore Wind Sector Deal, March 2019. - Framework deliver 30GW by 2030 (30% UK electricity, £48billion infrastructure investment, £2.6billion year export value, £2.4billion year total electricity system costs reduction, jobs from 11K to 27K). Step to 50GW by 2050. - Net Zero Emissions 2050 legislation, 27 June 2019. Committee on Climate Change, c.75GW offshore wind 2050. - HMG Queen’s Speech December 2019 – 40GW offshore wind by 2030. - CfD Announcements of 2018 - 3 X Contract for Difference (CfD) Allocation Rounds (AR), 2019 for delivery 2023-25, next in 2021, then 2023. - On award of CfD, projects have milestone delivery date, amongst milestones are Final Investment Decision (FID). To take FID, need to have certainty that risks are managed and will allow to build out as per CfD, Crown Estate leasing and Nationally Significant Infrastructure Project Development Consent Order (DCO). - The Crown Estate Round 4 leasing round of up to 8GW; Crown Estate Scotland ScotWind leasing round (MSP indicates up to 10GW potential);.
15 10:25-10:30 OWIC Sector Deal Aviation Workstream Update Challenges & Opportunities
1. Defence – Air Surveillance, wider Communications, Navigation & Surveillance (CNS) infrastructure; training and operations. 2. Civil Aviation – Air Traffic Control Surveillance, wider CNS infrastructure; Airspace and traffic management. 3. Lighting Requirements – Civil and Military plus industry standards. 4. Offshore Aviation - Our own and neighbours requirements for helicopter and aerial drones.
Achievable Vision? - Develop a joint offshore aviation CNS strategy, with policies, standards and infrastructure fit for defence and civil aviation with offshore wind in its environment
16 10:25-10:30 OWIC Sector Deal Aviation Workstream Update
Challenges & Opportunities
c.15GW of 2020s offshore windfarms pipeline need to resolve top level risks of MOD Air Defence radar (R3/STW/Exts). Plus R4/ SW GWs.
17 10:25-10:30 OWIC Sector Deal Aviation Workstream Update Working Collaboratively Sector Deal Commitment: ‘The government will work collaboratively with the sector and wider stakeholders to address strategic deployment issues including aviation and radar’ Aviation delivery plan: ‘the UK is able to meet its national security obligations, and that its radars can operate effectively as the offshore wind sector expands in the coming years. This will include working in partnership with the sector on innovation activity and development of a technical solution.’ ‘This includes next generation technologies with significant export opportunities. The sector will work in partnership with government to ensure innovation activity also considers how to ensure the UK’s radar capabilities and requirements are not impacted adversely’. One Year On: BEIS continues to address the issues raised by air defence (AD) and air traffic control (ATC) radar through the Aviation Management Board. In parallel, the sector and Ministry of Defence (MOD) have set up a Joint Windfarm Mitigation Task Force, overseen by a senior level executive Programme Board. Studies have commenced and key activities are planned for 2020. Activities include: Innovation challenge - https://www.gov.uk/government/news/dasa-seeks-innovative-ideas-to-mitigate-radar-risk-of-windfarms and Paper-based Feasibility Study and Possible Future Demonstration of Mature Solutions for Improving Air Surveillance for the Purposes of Air Defence in Airspace affected by Wind Farms -https://ted.europa.eu/udl?uri=TED:NOTICE:585265-2019:TEXT:EN:HTML
Offshore Wind Industry Council – https://www.owic.org.uk/who-we-are Sector Deal https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdUBBmn12fI Sector Deal One Year On - https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/offshore-wind-sector-deal 18 10:30-10:50 The Surveillance Environment – Governance, Technologies, Airspace Architecture & Infrastructure
Aircraft echo
Aircraft echo
Courtesy of - http://www.windsystemsmag.com/how-do-offshore-wind-farms-change-the-wind/ Courtesy of Offshore Wind Farm Helicopter SAR Trials Undertaken at North Hoyle Wind Farm 2005
19 10:30 – 10:50 The Surveillance Environment – Governance, Technologies, Airspace Architecture & Infrastructure
❑Scene setter from CAA – Andy Wells, Policy Manager, Air Traffic Management Infrastructure team
❑Summary from 2019 event & Action Plan recommendations
❑Outline of each of the five priority key issues that have emerged from the 2019 event and are the themes for the proposed Action Plan surveillance element, designed to inform the September 2020 event and deliver a coherent and complementary Action Plan for you as stakeholders to endorse and support later this year.
20 10:30 – 10:50 The Surveillance Environment – Governance, Technologies, Airspace Architecture & Infrastructure
Off topic but some initial context
21 10:30 – 10:50 The Surveillance Environment – Governance, Technologies, Airspace Architecture & Infrastructure
• Complexity of UK airspace • Based on design from 60+ years ago. • Capacity and efficiency issues • Updated CAA’s Air Navigation Directions.
22 10:30 – 10:50 The Surveillance Environment – Governance, Technologies, Airspace Architecture & Infrastructure
• Airspace Modernisation Strategy developed. • 15 initiatives identified, covering: o Airspace issues o Uncontrolled airspace o UK's communications, navigation and surveillance (CNS) infrastructure o UK air traffic management.
23 10:30 – 10:50 The Surveillance Environment – Governance, Technologies, Airspace Architecture & Infrastructure
Summary from 2019 event – Surveillance theme – top five concerns
• Coherent government leadership and coordination needed to provide and fund an incentivised and permissive wind and aviation operating environment • Assessment, decision-support, and post construction validation criteria and tools need to evolve to use best technology and information methodologies for better understanding • Need for surveillance policies, strategies and technologies roadmaps for future airspace environment to 2050 • Holistic and science-based development of future airspace management to 2050 • Wind turbine technology and wind farm designs to reduce the interference challenge
Action Plan recommendations – Surveillance theme - top five streams
Review and enhance government involvement, leadership, strategies and guidance Review and enhance safeguarding ‘proposal to production’ assess and approve processes Review and develop national surveillance strategy, technology and service provision Review and enhance national airspace management legislation & operation approaches Review and evolve low interference wind turbine design, technology & layout approaches
24 10:30 – 10:50 The Surveillance Environment – Governance, Technologies, Airspace Architecture & Infrastructure
Priority questions and key issues - Government Policy and Strategy
What policy or other changes are needed, from government and regulators, to enable progress?
These could include:
• Proactive government department leadership, collaboration and enduring and dedicated resource provision, including people, policies, direction, and how this will be funded • Update and evolution of the Aviation MOU to regain multiple stakeholder proactive engagement and support • Update of aviation and wind turbine specifications, accreditation resources and facilities • A national airspace surveillance strategy to 2050 linking multiple sectors: conventional air traffic management, air defence, new low airspace users (drones); wind farms, aerostats • Updated onshore and offshore sector deals including the link to a national airspace surveillance strategy and increasing low airspace usage stakeholder strategy, • Sustainable aviation strategy (airports, aircraft and airspace) • Coherent RF spectrum usage strategy • Coherent national airspace and RF spectrum policing and usage approvals strategy • Government aviation – clean energy – national security risk dashboard and arbitration
25 10:30 – 10:50 The Surveillance Environment – Governance, Technologies, Airspace Architecture & Infrastructure
Priority questions and key issues - Safeguarding, Approvals, Certification Processes
How can safeguarding assessment, approvals and accreditation processes for wind farms and their potential impact on all national radars/surveillance/communications, and mitigation proposals, be streamlined and standardised?
This could include:
• Standardised institutional and administrative procedures for CAA and MOD • Common, evidence-based and real-world impact informed/evolved assessment tools • Transparent and scientific metrics for radar and wind turbine performance parameters • Common digital terrain maps, smarter RLOS calculations, smarter interference emulations • Smarter RCS and Doppler calculations, smarter surveillance system performance impact, pre and post assessment ‘theory versus real- world review and assessment evolution, etc, using radar and wind turbine digital twin models • Automated/semi-automated on-line ‘first look’ application and assessment processes • Centralised assessment, testing and validation, certification and accreditation criteria • TUV/central clearing house type independent assessment, prediction/emulation, test, accreditation, and validation and improvement process and facility • National register of approved mitigations – approve once, use many times
26 10:30 – 10:50 The Surveillance Environment – Governance, Technologies, Airspace Architecture & Infrastructure
Priority questions and key issues - Surveillance Industry Stakeholders
What surveillance system technology changes at system high functional level.
This could include:
• National strategy on surveillance evolution roadmap for rotating and staring radar, phased transition to 2030, and evolution to 2050 to meet increasing clean energy deployment • Future-proof AI processing algorithms for detection, ID, tracking and display technologies • Taking a future airspace surveillance challenges approach, especially at low level • Radars developed against future surveillance environment performance specifications • Radar and surveillance system digital twin library • National coherent and resilient multi-spectrum surveillance networks • Balanced cooperating, non-cooperating systems, mono-static and bi/multi-static approaches • Surveillance As A Service versus Point Surveillance provider options • Clutter, jamming and interference resilience strategies and technologies • Multi-level customer-orientated national Recognised Surface-to-Space Picture • National surveillance technology evolution strategy, institutes and facilities • Link to other initiatives such as proximity-triggered lighting, future low airspace and offshore traffic management
27 10:30 – 10:50 The Surveillance Environment – Governance, Technologies, Airspace Architecture & Infrastructure
Priority questions and key issues - Airspace Industry Stakeholders
What airspace management and operations changes or evolutions at local, regional, national and international levels have most potential to reduce surveillance constraints from wind farm operations?
This could include:
• Transponder Mandatory Zones (TMZs) for aircraft • Electronic tagging for wind turbines • Geo-fencing alerting support to airspace managers • Flight path changes or constraints v single skies aspirations • National wind development geospatial strategy • Development zones for various types of wind turbine technology • Known clutter source classification, display and operating procedures • Enhanced object classification screen annotation regulations
28 10:30 – 10:50 The Surveillance Environment – Governance, Technologies, Airspace Architecture & Infrastructure
Priority questions and key issues - Wind Industry Stakeholders
What more retrospective and longer-term technical mitigations or technology advances have most potential for the wind sector to contribute to reducing the interference problem?
This could include:
• Radar-friendly turbine design and materials • Wind farm layout optimisation • Improved data sharing (SCADA) to support improved radar processing and mitigations • Pan-sector collaboration on new wind turbine designs and technology to find and pre-agree electromagnetically compatible solutions • Wind turbine and wind farm digital wind twin library • Wind turbines developed against future surveillance environment interference limited performance specifications • Wind turbines are developed, tested and certified quickly and in a nationally and internationally standardised form and process against international standards?
29 10:50 – 11:10 UAS & Helicopters
❑Scene setter - Robert Garbett, DroneMajor Group & Chair BSI ACE/20 Unmanned Aircraft Systems
❑Summary from 2019 event & Action Plan recommendations
❑Aim: ▪ Outline the priority key issues that have emerged from the 2019 event, ▪ Identify the themes for the proposed Action Plan UAS & Helicopter element, ▪ Gain feedback to inform the September 2020 event, ▪ Deliver a coherent and complementary Action Plan for your consideration
30 Drones - Renewable UK
Robert Garbett | Chief Executive | Drone Major Group 31 32 33 The Scene
• Pace of development • Fractured landscape • UK & EU • Drone Bill • EU UAS Regulation (EU) 2019/947 • Emerging BSI & ISO drone standards • Multi-modal • Commercialisation
DRONEDELIVERYGROUP.ORG
34 Working with you to deliver excellence
Drone Major Group Limited www.dronemajorgroup.com [email protected] +44(0)2074584088 10:50 – 11:10 UAS & Helicopters – Helicopter Summary
Summary from 2019 event – Helicopter theme – top concerns
• Need for common guidelines in relation to WTs and helicopter operations • Opportunity to learn from O&G and SAR operations which could be used as a basis for best practice • Need to ensure the characteristics of the mixed aviation environment are addressed, including future UAS operations and relationship with Communications, Navigation and Surveillance infrastructure • Need to develop a collaborative and innovative approach to achieve a common integrated offshore logistics capability which includes helicopter, UAS and surface vessels • Build on UK experiences to encourage wider regional and global best practice and standardisation
36 10:50 – 11:10 UAS & Helicopters – UAS Summary
Summary from 2019 event – UAS theme – top issues
• Significant opportunities for the use of UAS with benefits to wind turbine development and operations • Potential airspace and coordination challenges • Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) key to effective operations • Need for the Wind Industry to be engaged in the appropriate UAS forums to present the sector requirements • Continue to be proactive in setting “best in class” standards of guidance and practice for integrated UAS operations • Consider what opportunities may exist for the wind industry to be a proactive contributor to a trials environment for UAS operations including CNS infrastructure issues
37 10:50 – 11:10 UAS & Helicopters – Action Plan
Action Plan recommendations – UAS and Helicopter themes - top streams
Review and enhance wind industry engagement in integrated lower airspace operations addressing the surveillance challenge and as a customer for helicopter and UAS support operations Review and clarify responsibilities as a customer of helicopter and UAS services Review and enhance wind industry engagement in UAS regulatory, airspace and UTM developments Review and address collaborative development of the offshore CNS infrastructure to realise the potential of helicopter and UAS support to the wind industry and the resolution of CNS issues as a result of wind turbine developments
38 10:50 – 11:10 UAS & Helicopters – Questions & Issues
Priority questions and key issues
What is the role of the wind sector – driver or sector user?
Issues to consider:
• Engagement • How do we achieve effective cooperation and coordination so we can present consistent messages? • What do we understand to be directly related to the industry • How does this help address Cost Benefit Analysis issues for the future in respect of integrated support to wind by both helicopter and UAS operations? • How does this help drive the development of best practice and guidance material? • Any other related issues?
39 10:50 – 11:10 UAS & Helicopters – Questions & Issues
Priority questions and key issues:
How can the wind industry be more proactive in supporting the CNS/MET infrastructure that will benefit operations in the Offshore environment?
Issues to consider:
• As a user of aviation services (helicopter and UAS) are we merely a customer but does that undermine our potential contribution to the holistic infrastructure? • Given the impact of wind turbines on the aviation environment, can a proactive engagement on CNS/MET infrastructure make a significant contribution as a location for met data sources, surveillance sensors etc, and so add to an integrated approach which assists mitigation? • Could such an approach assist in addressing MOD related issues? • How would this benefit helicopter and UAS operations? • Any other related issues?
40 11:10 – 11:25 Lighting & Marking – The Safety & Environmental Challenge
❑ Scene setter – Sam Johnson: RES & UK representative on IEC TC 88/PT 61400-29 ❑ scope & status of the IEC 61400-29 standard ❑ an onshore developer’s perspective
❑Summary from 2019 Event
❑Priority questions
41 Marking and Lighting of Wind Turbines (IEC TC88/PT 61400-29) Sam Johnson RES Aviation Manager 28 May 2020
42 Scope and Status
• 2 years ago Enercon proposed International Standard for marking and lighting wind turbines • Aim: Harmonisation and Standardisation • In scope: • Colour/design of markings • Technical standard for aviation lights, including infrared • Aircraft Detection Systems (ADS) • First meeting Nov 2018 • Mostly Turbine and Lighting OEMs • Collaboration between Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Spain, UK • Additional feedback sought from French and UK Civil Aviation Authorities, Wind Europe Aviation Task Force, ICAO • After 2 postponements (writing Standards isn’t easy) Draft now due late 2020
43 Challenges
• ICAO Lighting Guidance interpreted in many ways • Harmonising technical specs is easier than harmonising policy • Different parts of the world have differing needs • Keeping focus on ‘why we need aviation lighting and marking’ • Learning from each other • Hundreds of different lights and configurations of lights
44 Onshore Developer’s Perspective All stakeholders have a different perspective:
• Turbine and Lighting OEMs – minimise options to reduce costs • Aviation Authorities and Airspace users - maintain air safety • Local Residents and Environmentalists - minimise light pollution
Wind Farm Developers:
• Maximise energy contribution to net zero target • Navigate the Planning System • Balance Stakeholder concerns – maintain air safety while minimising light pollution • Support standardisation and harmonisation but needs regional flexibility • Wary of assumption that AIR SAFETY = MORE LIGHTS
45 11:10 – 11:25 Lighting & Marking: 2019 concerns & Action Plan
To address concerns from 2019, actions have been defined to achieve: 1. Greater clarity about aviation’s requirements for lighting and marking – what and WHY 2. Clear criteria for deciding between conventional lighting and alternatives such as: – terrain and obstacle data (noting concerns about completeness and integrity) – infra red lighting – night vision technology – demand-activated lighting (CAA policy in development) 3. Integration with developing surveillance strategy and technologies.
46 11:10 – 11:25 Lighting & Marking questions: (1) IEC 61400-29
What should be the wind industry’s role in relation to IEC 61400-29? • contributing to and monitoring development of the Standard? • future implementation? • promotion?
47 11:10 – 11:25 Lighting & Marking questions: (2) On-demand lighting
How can the wind industry help the development of on-demand lighting? For example: • policy: respond to CAA consultation • technologies: e.g. activation by radar, aircraft transponder or VHF? • implementation: supply chain engagement …? • monitoring and evaluating performance, sharing data, learning from experience ….. • what else…. ?
48 11:10 – 11:25 Lighting & Marking questions: (3) Hot topics?
What are your main concerns? For example: • standardisation vs optimisation for the specific site and aviation context? • aeronautical studies: when are they needed? robustness of data? validity and consistency of methods and criteria? • setting thresholds for activation: airspace volume, detection probability vs false alerts? • cumulative impacts from neighbouring wind farms? • land use planning and regulatory processes? • international benchmarks and experience? • ….. etc
49 Photo courtesy of Anne Mackenzie, ScottishPower Renewables 11:25 – 11:30 Closing Remarks
Alicia Green, Policy Analyst, RenewableUK https://events.renewableuk.com/aviation20
❑ Wind & Aviation 2020 – 18th September
❑Comments & feedback form ❑2019 Post-Event Report ❑2019 Draft Think Piece & Action Plan ❑2019 UAS Guidelines – RUGO Issue 1
❑Interested in finding out more? [email protected]
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