Infectious Group Urinary Tract Infections Gastrointestinal Infection
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Retropharyngeal Cellulitis in a 5-Week-Old Infant
Retropharyngeal Cellulitis in a 5-Week-Old Infant Florence T. Bourgeois, MD*, and Michael W. Shannon, MD, MPH‡ ABSTRACT. An infant who presents with acute, unex- abnormalities. An abdominal radiograph was also unremarkable. plained crying requires a thorough examination to iden- Initial laboratory studies revealed a leukocyte count of 3900/mm3 tify the source of distress. We report the case of a 5-week- (12% band forms, 28% segmented neutrophils, 4% monocytes, 49% old infant who had sudden irritability and was found to lymphocytes, 1% eosinophils), a hematocrit of 37%, and a platelet count of 299 000/mm3. Urinalysis was negative. have retropharyngeal cellulitis caused by group B The infant continued to be extremely irritable and refused all Streptococcus. Pediatrics 2002;109(3). URL: http://www. feeds. He could be comforted intermittently, but any repositioning pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/109/3/e51; group B Strepto- distressed him. Because of the sudden onset of the child’s symp- coccus, retropharyngeal cellulitis, infant, irritability. toms and his unwillingness to be moved, the question of acute injury was raised and a skeletal survey was performed. While obtaining the radiographs, it was noted that the child would calm ABBREVIATION. GBS, group B streptococcal. down when his neck was positioned in hyperextension. Lateral cervical spine films showed prominence of the prevertebral soft tissues, and a fluoroscopic assessment of the airway demonstrated rying is an infant’s principle form of commu- retropharyngeal soft tissue swelling, which persisted with the nication. Usually an infant’s source of distress neck in both flexed and extended positions. The remainder of the can be identified easily, and the child can be skeletal survey was negative. -
Care Process Models Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Care Process Model MONTH MARCH 20152019 DEVELOPMENTDIAGNOSIS AND AND MANAGEMENT DESIGN OF OF CareStreptococcal Process Models Pharyngitis 20192015 Update This care process model (CPM) was developed by Intermountain Healthcare’s Antibiotic Stewardship team, Medical Speciality Clinical Program,Community-Based Care, and Intermountain Pediatrics. Based on expert opinion and the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) Clinical Practice Guidelines, it provides best-practice recommendations for diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis (strep) including the appropriate use of antibiotics. WHAT’S INSIDE? KEY POINTS ALGORITHM 1: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PEDIATRIC • Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment can prevent serious STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS complications . When strep is present, appropriate antibiotics can prevent AGES 3 – 18 . 2 SHU acute rheumatic fever, peritonsillar abscess, and other invasive infections. ALGORITHM 2: DIAGNOSIS Treatment also decreases spread of infection and improves clinical AND TREATMENT OF ADULT symptoms and signs for the patient. STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS . 4 • Differentiating between a patient with an active strep infection PHARYNGEAL CARRIERS . 6 and a patient who is a strep carrier with an active viral pharyngitis RESOURCES AND REFERENCES . 7 is challenging . Treating patients for active strep infection when they are only carriers can result in overuse of antibiotics. Approximately 20% of asymptomatic school-aged children may be strep carriers, and a throat culture during a viral illness may yield positive results, but not require antibiotic treatment. SHU Prescribing repeat antibiotics will not help these patients and can MEASUREMENT & GOALS contribute to antibiotic resistance. • Ensure appropriate use of throat • For adult patients, routine overnight cultures after a negative rapid culture for adult patients who meet high risk criteria strep test are unnecessary in usual circumstances because the risk for acute rheumatic fever is exceptionally low. -
Treatment of Warts with Topical Cidofovir in a Pediatric Patient
Volume 25 Number 5| May 2019| Dermatology Online Journal || Case Report 25(5):6 Treatment of warts with topical cidofovir in a pediatric patient Melissa A Nickles BA, Artem Sergeyenko MD, Michelle Bain MD Affiliations: Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, llinois, USA Corresponding Author: Artem Sergeyenko MD, 808 South Wood Street Suite 380, Chicago, IL 60612, Tel: 847-338-0037, Email: a.serge04@gmail topical cidofovir is effective in treating HPV lesions Abstract and molluscum contagiosum in adult patients with Cidofovir is an antiviral nucleotide analogue with HIV/AIDS [2]. Case reports have also found topical relatively new treatment capacities for cidofovir to effectively treat anogenital squamous dermatological conditions, specifically verruca cell carcinoma (SCC), bowenoid papulosis, vulgaris caused by human papilloma virus infection. condyloma acuminatum, Kaposi sarcoma, and HSV-II In a 10-year old boy with severe verruca vulgaris in adult patients with HIV/AIDS [3]. Cidofovir has recalcitrant to multiple therapies, topical 1% experimentally been shown to be effective in cidofovir applied daily for eight weeks proved to be an effective treatment with no adverse side effects. treating genital condyloma acuminata in adult This case report, in conjunction with multiple immunocompetent patients [4] and in a pediatric published reports, suggests that topical 1% cidofovir case [5]. is a safe and effective treatment for viral warts in Cidofovir has also been used in pediatric patients to pediatric patients. cure verruca vulgaris recalcitrant to traditional treatment therapies. There have been several reports Keywords: cidofovir, verruca vulgaris, human papilloma that topical 1-3% cidofovir cream applied once or virus twice daily is effective in treating verruca vulgaris with no systemic side effects and low rates of recurrence in immunocompetent children [6-8], as Introduction well as in immunocompromised children [9, 10]. -
Retropharyngeal Abscess Complicated
RETROPHARYNGEAL ABSCESS COMPLICATED Ortega Coronel María Fernanda, Dr. Calvopiña José Dr. Mena Glennª ª Departamento de Radiología e Imagen del Hospital Eugenio Espejo Quito Ecuador _________________________________ Revista de la Federación Ecuatoriana de Sociedades de Radiología, Ecuador 2011 N° 4, Pag, 9 -11. ABSTRACT It is a concise review of retropharyngeal abscess, we report a case of long and torpid evolution with multiple subtreatments that masked the symptoms for a long time, increasing the risk of provoking severe morbidity and complications. the cervical spine, presence of air or INTRODUCTION foreign body in soft tissue. CT is useful for Retropharyngeal abscess is defined by the diagnosis of early-stage infections while infection between the posterior pharyngeal allows differentiation between cellulitis wall and the prevertebral fascia, it is an and abscess, is also useful in defining the uncommon condition, most common in vascular structures and their relationship children by extension of oropharyngeal to the infectious process defines exactly infections 1, in adults is caused by trauma like that space or spaces are involve. 7 MRI after ingestion of foreing bodies that has a higher resolution than CT and is able damage the esophagus or the trachea, to evaluate the retropharyngeal space with tracheal intubation and less frequently a series of sequences, including diffusion. untimely tooth infections.2 Many studies But this test is not used routinely for the have shown that most of these abscesses diagnosis of this condition, -
Fungal Infections in HIV-Positive Peruvian Patients: Could the Venezuelan Migration Cause a Health Warning Related-Infectious Diseases?
Moya-Salazar J, Salazar-Hernández R, Rojas-Zumaran V, Quispe WC. Fungal Infections in HIV-positive Peruvian Patients: Could the Venezuelan Migration Cause a Health Warning Related-infectious Diseases?. J Infectiology. 2019; 2(2): 3-10 Journal of Infectiology Journal of Infectiology Research Article Open Access Fungal Infections in HIV-positive Peruvian Patients: Could the Venezuelan Migration Cause a Health Warning Related-infectious Diseases? Jeel Moya-Salazar1,2*, Richard Salazar-Hernández3, Victor Rojas-Zumaran2, Wanda C. Quispe3 1School of Medicine, Faculties of Health Science, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru 2Pathology Department, Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé, Lima, Peru 3Cytopathology and Genetics Service, Department of Pathology, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Peru Article Info Abstract Article Notes In patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), opportunistic Received: December 22, 2018 infections occur that could compromise the health of patients. In order to Accepted: March 7, 2019 determine the frequency of fungal opportunistic and superficial infections *Correspondence: in HIV-positive men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) patients at the Hospital Jeel Moya-Salazar, M.T, M.Sc., 957 Pacific Street, Urb. Sn Nacional Guillermo Almenara, we conducted a cross-sectional retrospective Felipe, 07 Lima, Lima 51001, Peru; Telephone No: +51 986- study. We include Peruvian patients >18 years-old, derived from infectious or 014-954; Email: [email protected]. gynecological offices, with or without antiretroviral treatment. © 2019 Moya-Salazar J. This article is distributed under the One hundred thirteen patients were enrolled (36.7±10, range: 21 to terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International 68 years), which 46 (40.7%) has an opportunistic fungal infection, mainly License. -
Histopathology of Important Fungal Infections
Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2019) Vol. 9, 1490 - 1496 al Patholo Journal of linic gist C of of N n e o p ti a a l- u i 2 c 0 d o n s 1 s 0 a PATHOLOGY A m h t N a e K , p d of Nepal a l a M o R e d n i io ca it l A ib ss xh www.acpnepal.com oc g E iation Buildin Review Article Histopathology of important fungal infections – a summary Arnab Ghosh1, Dilasma Gharti Magar1, Sushma Thapa1, Niranjan Nayak2, OP Talwar1 1Department of Pathology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal. 2Department of Microbiology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences , Pokhara, Nepal. ABSTRACT Keywords: Fungus; Fungal infections due to pathogenic or opportunistic fungi may be superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous Mycosis; and systemic. With the upsurge of at risk population systemic fungal infections are increasingly common. Opportunistic; Diagnosis of fungal infections may include several modalities including histopathology of affected tissue Systemic which reveal the morphology of fungi and tissue reaction. Fungi can be in yeast and / or hyphae forms and tissue reactions may range from minimal to acute or chronic granulomatous inflammation. Different fungi should be differentiated from each other as well as bacteria on the basis of morphology and also clinical correlation. Special stains like GMS and PAS are helpful to identify fungi in tissue sections. INTRODUCTION Correspondence: Dr Arnab Ghosh, MD Fungal infections or mycoses may be caused by Department of Pathology, pathogenic fungi which infect healthy individuals or by Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal. -
A Review on Recent Diseases Caused by Microbes
Journal of Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 2014, Vol. 2, No. 4, 106-115 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/jaem/2/4/4 © Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/jaem-2-4-4 A Review on Recent Diseases Caused by Microbes Smruti Ranjan Singh, Krishnamurthy N.B., Blessy Baby Mathew* Department of Biotechnology, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bangalore, India *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received May 03, 2014; Revised May 15, 2014; Accepted May 15, 2014 Abstract Microbes are called disease-causing microbes and can make humans, animals and plants sick by causing infection and disease. Disease-causing microbes can also be called pathogens, germs or bugs and are responsible for causing infectious diseases. Microorganisms are very diverse. They include all of the prokaryotes, namely the bacteria and archaea and various forms of eukaryotes, comprising the protozoa, fungi, algae, microscopic plants (green algae), and animals such as rotifers and planarians. Some microbiologists also classify viruses as microorganisms, but others consider these as nonliving. This review deals with the current status of disease causing microbes and the recent diseases which mostly went unnoticed. Keywords: microbes, disease causing microorganisms, algae, fungi Cite This Article: Smruti Ranjan Singh, Krishnamurthy N.B., and Blessy Baby Mathew, “A Review on Recent Diseases Caused by Microbes.” Journal of Applied & Environmental Microbiology, vol. 2, no. 4 (2014): 106-115. doi: 10.12691/jaem-2-4-4. microscopic organisms are found in both plants and animals as well as in the human body [2,3]. Mainly these 1. Introduction microbes cause different types of infectious diseases [2,4]. -
Clinical Dilemma on Retropharyngeal Cellulitis and Croup Retrofaringeal
Case Report/ Olgu Sunumu Ege Journal of Medicine /Ege Tıp Dergisi 48(1):49-52,2009. Clinical dilemma on retropharyngeal cellulitis and croup Retrofaringeal yumu şak doku enfeksiyonları ile krup arasındaki klinik ikilem Saz E U Erdemir G Ozen S Aydo ğdu S Department of Pediatrics Division of Emergency Medicine Ege University School of Medicine, Bornova ,Izmir-Turkey Summary We report a case of retropharyngeal cellulitis which exactly mimics the croup symptoms. The case reported was an 19-month-old male. He was brought to the emergency department with a chief complaint of stridor and his mother denied any fever, trauma, upper respiratory or gastrointestinal complaints. He was alert, drooling, and became agitated when approached. He was intermittently stridulous, especially when placed supine, although he was not hoarse at rest. His neck was not hyperextended in the “sniffing” position . He had moderate substernal, intercostal, and supraclavicular retractions an nasal flaring. Đn addition, mild expiratory wheezing was appreciated upon auscultation. Examination of the neck revealed some anterior and posterior lymphadenopathy. Both lateral neck radiograph and computed axial tomograpy revealed that the present case has retropharyngeal widening and possible abscess. Based on these findings direct larygoscopy and aspiration was performed and diagnosed as cellulitis. Since the symptoms have improved with intravenous metronidazol and ceftriaxone he was discharged from the hospital. Key Words: Retropharyngeal cellulitis, children Özet Bu olgu, laringotrakeit klinik belirtilerini birebir taklit edip yanılsamalara neden olan retrofaringeal yumu şak doku enfeksiyonlarının ciddiyetini vurgulamak amacıyla sunulmu ştur. Olgu acil servise stridor ve hırıltılı solunum yakınmaları ile getirildi. Fizik bakısında alt, üst interkostal retraksiyonları saptanan ve burun kanadı solunumu olması nedeni ile ilk planda krup sendromu olarak dü şünülen bir olguydu. -
Fungal Infections (Mycoses): Dermatophytoses (Tinea, Ringworm)
Editorial | Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal Fungal Infections (Mycoses): Dermatophytoses (Tinea, Ringworm) Reddy KR Professor & Head Microbiology Department Gandaki Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal Medical Mycology, a study of fungal epidemiology, ecology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment in human beings, is a newly recognized discipline of biomedical sciences, advancing rapidly. Earlier, the fungi were believed to be mere contaminants, commensals or nonpathogenic agents but now these are commonly recognized as medically relevant organisms causing potentially fatal diseases. The discipline of medical mycology attained recognition as an independent medical speciality in the world sciences in 1910 when French dermatologist Journal of Raymond Jacques Adrien Sabouraud (1864 - 1936) published his seminal treatise Les Teignes. This monumental work was a comprehensive account of most of then GANDAKI known dermatophytes, which is still being referred by the mycologists. Thus he MEDICAL referred as the “Father of Medical Mycology”. COLLEGE- has laid down the foundation of the field of Medical Mycology. He has been aptly There are significant developments in treatment modalities of fungal infections NEPAL antifungal agent available. Nystatin was discovered in 1951 and subsequently and we have achieved new prospects. However, till 1950s there was no specific (J-GMC-N) amphotericin B was introduced in 1957 and was sanctioned for treatment of human beings. In the 1970s, the field was dominated by the azole derivatives. J-GMC-N | Volume 10 | Issue 01 developed to treat fungal infections. By the end of the 20th century, the fungi have Now this is the most active field of interest, where potential drugs are being January-June 2017 been reported to be developing drug resistance, especially among yeasts. -
Essential Oils of Lamiaceae Family Plants As Antifungals
biomolecules Review Essential Oils of Lamiaceae Family Plants as Antifungals Tomasz M. Karpi ´nski Department of Medical Microbiology, Pozna´nUniversity of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Pozna´n,Poland; [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +48-61-854-61-38 Received: 3 December 2019; Accepted: 6 January 2020; Published: 7 January 2020 Abstract: The incidence of fungal infections has been steadily increasing in recent years. Systemic mycoses are characterized by the highest mortality. At the same time, the frequency of infections caused by drug-resistant strains and new pathogens e.g., Candida auris increases. An alternative to medicines may be essential oils, which can have a broad antimicrobial spectrum. Rich in the essential oils are plants from the Lamiaceae family. In this review are presented antifungal activities of essential oils from 72 Lamiaceae plants. More than half of these have good activity (minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) < 1000 µg/mL) against fungi. The best activity (MICs < 100) have essential oils from some species of the genera Clinopodium, Lavandula, Mentha, Thymbra, and Thymus. In some cases were observed significant discrepancies between different studies. In the review are also shown the most important compounds of described essential oils. To the chemical components most commonly found as the main ingredients include β-caryophyllene (41 plants), linalool (27 plants), limonene (26), β-pinene (25), 1,8-cineole (22), carvacrol (21), α-pinene (21), p-cymene (20), γ-terpinene (20), and thymol (20). Keywords: Labiatae; fungi; Aspergillus; Cryptococcus; Penicillium; dermatophytes; β-caryophyllene; sesquiterpene; monoterpenes; minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 1. Introduction Fungal infections belong to the most often diseases of humans. -
Skin Changes on the Forehead P.29 5
DERM CASE Test your knowledge with multiple-choice cases This month – 9 cases: 1. Skin Changes on the Forehead p.29 5. A Unilateral Rash p.36 2. Small Foot Growths p.30 6. Golden Coloured Plaques p.38 3. Circumbscribed Hyperpigmentation p.32 7. Thick, Scaly Elbow Plaque p.39 4. White Lesions on the Penis p.34 8. Dark Chest Patch p.40 9. Red, Round Spots p.41 Case 1 Skin Changes on the Forehead This 66-year-old man has noted progressive changes of the skin on his forehead over the past 10 years. What is your diagnosis? a. Sebaceous hyperplasia b. Nevus sebaceous c. Solar dermatitis d. Solar elastosis e. Worry lines Solar elastosis of the forehead is characterized by Answer thickening of the skin and a yellow discolouration. Solar elastosis (answer d) represents one of several When it occurs on the neck, the thickening is more photoaging changes of the skin induced by chronic sun prominent w©ith deeper furrows and is termoed ncutis exposure. It is most commonly seen in Caucasions with rhomboidalis nuchae. These changebs arue dtuei to dermal particularly fair complexions who do not tan easily. elastoshis. Tthere is no practicalt trreaitmendt. , ig is nloa yr l D dow p Stanley Wine, MiaD, FRC PcCa,n is a Dermaetologist in North o rc sers al us C York, eOntaeriod. u son mmoris r per o Auth y fo r C ted. cop o hibi ingle le e pro t a s Sa d us prin r rise and fo utho view ot Una lay, N disp The Canadian Journal of CME / June 2012 29 DERM CASE Case 2 Small Foot Growths A 62-year-old female presents with an asymptomatic skin lesion over her big toe that has been slowly growing over the last month (see Figure 1). -
(BAD) Guidelines for Management of Cutaneous Warts 2014
BJD GUIDELINES British Journal of Dermatology British Association of Dermatologists’ guidelines for the management of cutaneous warts 2014 J.C. Sterling,1 S. Gibbs,2 S.S. Haque Hussain,1 M.F. Mohd Mustapa3 and S.E. Handfield-Jones4 1Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, U.K. 2Great Western Hospital, Marlborough Road, Swindon SN3 6BB, U.K. 3British Association of Dermatologists, Willan House, 4 Fitzroy Square, London W1T 5HQ, U.K. 4West Suffolk Hospital, Hardwick Lane, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk IP33 2QZ, U.K. 1.0 Purpose and scope Correspondence Jane Sterling. The overall objective of the guideline is to provide up-to-date, E-mail: [email protected] evidence-based recommendations for the management of infectious cutaneous warts caused by papillomavirus infection. Accepted for publication The document aims to (i) offer an appraisal of all relevant lit- 14 July 2014 erature since January 1999, focusing on any key develop- ments; (ii) address important practical clinical questions Funding sources relating to the primary guideline objective, i.e. accurate diag- None. nosis and identification of cases and suitable treatment; (iii) provide guideline recommendations, where appropriate with Conflicts of interest some health economic implications; and (iv) discuss potential J.C.S. has received travel and accommodation expenses from LEO Pharma (nonspe- developments and future directions. cific) and has been an invited speaker at educational events for Healthcare Education Services (nonspecific). The guideline is presented as a detailed review with high- lighted recommendations for practical use in the clinic, in J.C.S., S.G., S.S.H.H.