DOCSLIB.ORG

Beechmon Road Macadamia Integrifolia Translocation Site

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Beechmon Road Macadamia Integrifolia Translocation Site BEECHMONT ROAD MACADAMIA INTEGRIFOLIA TRANSLOCATION SITE : MONITORING AND EVALUATION PROGRESS REPORT 2016-2017 Prepared By Bush Nuts Native Nursery February 2017 BEECHMONT ROAD MACADAMIA INTEGRIFOLIA TRANSLOCATION PROJECT February 2017 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 4 BACKGROUND INFORMATION .............................................................................. 4 Site Description ............................................................................................................................... 4 Project Start .................................................................................................................................... 5 MILESTONES ........................................................................................................... 5 Project Milestones .......................................................................................................................... 5 Specific Milestones for the current reporting period ...................................................................... 5 WEED CONTROL ..................................................................................................... 6 WEED TREATMENT TECHNIQUES ADOPTED ........................................................... 6 Herbicide Application ..................................................................................................................... 6 Foliar Application: ......................................................................................................................... 6 Cut stump or cut and paste application: ......................................................................................... 6 SUPPLEMENTARY PLANTING AREAS .................................................................. 6 Planting Area 1 ............................................................................................................................... 7 Planting Area 2 ............................................................................................................................... 8 Planting Area 3 ............................................................................................................................... 8 Planting Area 4 ............................................................................................................................... 9 Planting Area 5 ............................................................................................................................... 9 Planting Area 6 ............................................................................................................................. 10 RAINFALL DATA ................................................................................................... 11 RESULTS ............................................................................................................... 13 WEED CONTROL RECORD .................................................................................... 13 SUCCESS OF PLANTED SPECIES ............................................................................. 13 Success Rate of Macadamia integrifolia ....................................................................................... 13 Success Rate of Cupaniopsis newmanii ........................................................................................ 14 Success Rate of Co-occurring Species .......................................................................................... 15 PHOTO POINT MONITORING ............................................................................... 15 DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................... 28 RECOMMENDATIONS AND ADAPTATIONS ........................................................ 29 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 30 APPENDIX 1: SUCCESS RATE OF MACADAMIA PLANTINGS ........................... 31 APPENDIX 2: BEECHMONT ROAD TRANSLOCATION SITE WEED SPECIES LIST ........................................................................................................................ 34 List of Tables Table 1: Laheys Lookout Alert rainfall data (BOM 2016a) ........................................... 11 Table 2: Hinze Dam rainfall data (BOM 2016b) ................................................................ 11 Table 3: Tyungun Alert rainfall data (BOM 2016c) ......................................................... 12 Table 4: Canungra Finch Road rainfall data (BOM 2016d)........................................... 12 ANNUAL MONITORING REPORT 2016-2017 2 BEECHMONT ROAD MACADAMIA INTEGRIFOLIA TRANSLOCATION PROJECT February 2017 Table 5: Weed Control Data Record ...................................................................................... 13 Table 6: Monitoring Quadrat PP1 ........................................................................................... 16 Table 7: Monitoring Quadrat PP2 ........................................................................................... 18 Table 8: Monitoring Quadrat PP3 ........................................................................................... 19 Table 9: Monitoring Quadrat PP4 ........................................................................................... 21 Table 10: Monitoring Quadrat PP5 ........................................................................................ 24 Table 11: Monitoring Quadrat PP6 ........................................................................................ 26 List of Figures Figure 1: Overall site boundary .................................................................................................. 7 Figure 2: Planting Area 1 Location ............................................................................................ 7 Figure 3: Planting Area 2 Location ............................................................................................ 8 Figure 4: Planting Area 3 Location ............................................................................................ 8 Figure 5: Planting Area 4 Location ............................................................................................ 9 Figure 6: Planting Area 5 Location ............................................................................................ 9 Figure 7: Planting Area 6 Location ......................................................................................... 10 Figure 8: Macadamia integrifolia - ......................................................................................... 14 Figure 9: Cupaniopsis newmanii – ........................................................................................... 15 Figure 10: Photo Point 1 – ......................................................................................................... 17 Figure 11: Photo Point 2 – ......................................................................................................... 19 Figure 12: Photo Point 3 – ......................................................................................................... 21 Figure 13: Photo Point 4 – ......................................................................................................... 23 Figure 14: Photo Point 5 – ......................................................................................................... 25 Figure 15: Photo Point 6 – ......................................................................................................... 27 ANNUAL MONITORING REPORT 2016-2017 3 BEECHMONT ROAD MACADAMIA INTEGRIFOLIA TRANSLOCATION PROJECT February 2017 INTRODUCTION In 2011 the Department of Transport and Main Roads South Coast Region prepared the Beechmont Road Macadamia integrifolia and Cupaniopsis newmanii Translocation and Ecosystem Rehabilitation Plan (Reynolds 2011). This plan identified 23 mature and six (6) juvenile Queensland nut ( Macadamia integrifolia ) and 37 mature and 22 juvenile long leaved tuckeroo ( Cupaniopsis newmanii ) that would be impacted upon for road safety improvements on Beechmont Road, Lower Beechmont. The objective of the translocation plan is to establish, over a five-year period from the commencement of the project, a vegetation community offsetting the loss of affected threatened and least concern species. This offset planting will contain no less than 102 Macadamia integrifolia, and 177 plants of Cupaniopsis newmanii that were propagated from seed and cuttings taken from the plants on the ‘road improvement’ site. Achieving this plan will support the conservation of wild Queensland nut (Macadamia integrifolia ) and long leaved tuckeroo ( Cupaniopsis newmanii ) by establishing and maintaining a self- sustaining, coexisting population that has the capacity to survive on the offset site. The plan aims to fulfill the requirements for offsetting a vulnerable species as listed under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the Nature Conservation Act 1992. As part of this project, the Department of Transport and Main Roads has engaged Bush Nuts Native Nursery, under contract, to implement and rehabilitate 3.24 hectares of M. integrifolia and C. newmanni habitat. BACKGROUND INFORMATION SITE DESCRIPTION Aerial photography suggested that 40% (12,232m 2) of the 30,240m2 translocation site was dominated by
Load more

Recommended publications
  • List of Frost Suceptable Native Species
    1 FROST HARDINESS Some people have attempted to make a rudimentary assessment of frost hardy species as illustrated in the table below. Following the severe frosts of 27-7-07, Initial observations are on the foliage “burn” and it remains to be seen whether the stems/trunks die or merely re-shoot. Note: * = Exotic; # = Not native to the area; D = dead; S = survived but only just e.g. sprouting lower down; R = recovering well Very Susceptible Species Common Name Notes Alphitonia excelsa red ash R Alphitonia petriei pink ash R Annona reticulata custard apple S Archontophoenix alexandrae# Alexander palm D, R Asplenium nidus bird’s nest fern R,S Beilschmiedia obtusifolia blush walnut Calliandra spp.* S,R Cassia brewsteri Brewster’s cassia R Cassia javanica* S Cassia siamea* S Citrus hystrix* Kaffir lime S,D Clerodendrum floribundum lolly bush R,S Colvillea racemosa* Colville’s glory R Commersonia bartramia brown kurrajong S,R Cordyline petiolaris tree lily R Cyathea australis common treefern R Delonix regia* R Elaeocarpus grandis silver quandong D,S Eugenia reinwardtiana beach cherry S Euroschinus falcata pink poplar, mangobark, R ribbonwood, blush cudgerie Ficus benjamina* weeping fig S Ficus obliqua small-leaved fig S Flindersia bennettiana Bennett’s ash Harpullia pendula tulipwood R Harpullia hillii blunt-leaved tulipwood Hibiscus heterophyllus native hibiscus S Jagera pseudorhus pink foambark R Khaya anthotheca* E African mahogany R Khaya senegalensis* W African mahogany R Koelreuteria paniculata* Chinese golden shower tree R Lagerstroemia
    [Show full text]
  • NSW Rainforest Trees Part
    This document has been scanned from hard-copy archives for research and study purposes. Please note not all information may be current. We have tried, in preparing this copy, to make the content accessible to the widest possible audience but in some cases we recognise that the automatic text recognition maybe inadequate and we apologise in advance for any inconvenience this may cause. · RESEARCH NOTE No. 35 ~.I~=1 FORESTRY COMMISSION OF N.S.W. RESEARCH NOTE No. 35 P)JBLISHED 197R N.S.W. RAINFOREST TREES PART VII FAMILIES: PROTEACEAE SANTALACEAE NYCTAGINACEAE GYROSTEMONACEAE ANNONACEAE EUPOMATIACEAE MONIMIACEAE AUTHOR A.G.FLOYD (Research Note No. 35) National Library of Australia card number and ISBN ISBN 0 7240 13997 ISSN 0085-3984 INTRODUCTION This is the seventh in a series ofresearch notes describing the rainforest trees of N.S. W. Previous publications are:- Research Note No. 3 (I 960)-N.S.W. Rainforest Trees. Part I Family LAURACEAE. A. G. Floyd and H. C. Hayes. Research Note No. 7 (1961)-N.S.W. Rainforest Trees. Part II Families Capparidaceae, Escalloniaceae, Pittosporaceae, Cunoniaceae, Davidsoniaceae. A. G. Floyd and H. C. Hayes. Research Note No. 28 (I 973)-N.S.W. Rainforest Trees. Part III Family Myrtaceae. A. G. Floyd. Research Note No. 29 (I 976)-N.S.W. Rainforest Trees. Part IV Family Rutaceae. A. G. Floyd. Research Note No. 32 (I977)-N.S.W. Rainforest Trees. Part V Families Sapindaceae, Akaniaceae. A. G. Floyd. Research Note No. 34 (1977)-N.S.W. Rainforest Trees. Part VI Families Podocarpaceae, Araucariaceae, Cupressaceae, Fagaceae, Ulmaceae, Moraceae, Urticaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Lamington National Park Management Plan 2011
    South East Queensland Bioregion Prepared by: Planning Services Unit Department of Environment and Resource Management © State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2011 Copyright protects this publication. Except for purposes permitted by the Copyright Act 1968, reproduction by whatever means is prohibited without the prior written permission of the Department of Environment and Resource Management. Enquiries should be addressed to Department of Environment and Resource Management, GPO Box 2454, Brisbane Qld 4001. Disclaimer This document has been prepared with all due diligence and care, based on the best available information at the time of publication. The department holds no responsibility for any errors or omissions within this document. Any decisions made by other parties based on this document are solely the responsibility of those parties. Information contained in this document is from a number of sources and, as such, does not necessarily represent government or departmental policy. This management plan has been prepared in accordance with the Nature Conservation Act 1992. This management plan does not intend to affect, diminish or extinguish native title or associated rights. Note that implementing some management strategies might need to be phased in according to resource availability. For information on protected area management plans, visit <www.derm.qld.gov.au>. If you need to access this document in a language other than English, please call the Translating and Interpreting Service (TIS National) on 131 450 and ask them to telephone Library Services on +61 7 3224 8412. This publication can be made available in alternative formats (including large print and audiotape) on request for people with a vision impairment.
    [Show full text]
  • North Coast Bioregion
    171 CHAPTER 14 The North Coast Bioregion 1. Location 2. Climate The North Coast Bioregion runs up the east coast of NSW from just north of The general trend in this bioregion from east to west is from a sub-tropical Newcastle to just inside the Qld border. The total area of the bioregion is climate on the coast with hot summers, through sub-humid climate on the 5,924,130 ha (IBRA 5.1) and the NSW portion is 5,692,351.6 ha or 96.1% of the slopes to a temperate climate in the uplands in the western part of the bioregion. The NSW portion of North Coast Bioregion occupies 7.11% of the bioregion, characterised by warm summers and no dry season. A montane state. climate occurs in a small area in the southwest of the bioregion at higher elevations. The Sydney Basin Bioregion bounds the North Coast Bioregion in the south and the Nandewar and New England Tablelands bioregions lie against its western boundary. The North Coast Bioregion has proven to be a popular 3. Topography place to live, with hundreds of “holiday towns” lining the coast and eastern inland, including Port Macquarie, Ballina, Coffs Harbour, Byron Bay, Tweed The North Coast Bioregion covers northern NSW from the shoreline to the Heads, Lismore, Alstonville, Dorrigo, Forster and Taree. Great Escarpment. Typically, there is a sequence from coastal sand barrier, through low foothills and ranges, to the steep slopes and gorges of the The Tweed, Richmond, Clarence, Coffs Harbour, Bellinger, Nambucca, Macleay, Escarpment itself, with rainfall increasing inland along this transect.
    [Show full text]
  • We Tend to Think of Tamborine Mountain Itself As Timeless And
    NATURE NOTES With Tamborine Mountain Natural History Association www.naturalhistory.org.au We tend to think of Tamborine Mountain itself as timeless and unchanging, in fact the landform we know today has been created and modified by millions of years of geological processes such as erosion, weathering, subduction and volcanic activity. The Mountain’s geological history includes being 1000m underwater, thrust up from the seabed, smothered in lava and eroded Three to four hundred million years ago, the eastern edge of Australia was west of its present position. In our region the coastline was west of Toowoomba, shallow seas and a continental shelf extended eastward. Our area was in deep ocean probably over 1000 metres in depth. Around this time (give or take a few million years), west of Toowoomba the oceanic crustal plate was forced under the continental plate (subduction) forming a chain of volcanoes. Over millions of years basalt lava flows and large volumes of eroded sediments from the mountain chain flowed or were deposited eastward. The sea became shallower as evidenced by the shallow sea fossils found on the foothills of Mt Barney. Three to two hundred million years ago, geological activity on the deep seabed thrust up a high mountain range called the Neranleigh-Fernvale beds. This high terrain was reduced by erosion, and is now seen as the eastern foothills of the Tamborine Plateau, Cedar Creek Falls and outcrops on the north of the Plateau. Two hundred and fifty million years ago, the eastern edge of the continent began to stabilise, but then about two hundred and twenty five million years ago there were widespread violent volcanic eruptions west of the Neranleigh-Fernvale beds.
    [Show full text]
  • The Scenic Rim of Southeastern Queensland, Australia: a History of Mid Cenozoic Intraplate Volcanism
    103 by Benjamin E. Cohen The scenic rim of southeastern Queensland, Australia: A history of mid Cenozoic intraplate volcanism School of Earth Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. E-Mail: [email protected] Intraplate volcanism was widespread in southeastern volcanism extending over 4,000 km, covering a present-day area of 2 Queensland during the mid Cenozoic, leaving a legacy 1.6 million km (Figure 1a) (Johnson, 1989). Eruptions occurred throughout the Cenozoic (Wellman and McDougall, 1974; of variably eroded volcanoes and rugged topography Vasconcelos et al., 2008), with the most recent activity as little as known locally as “The Scenic Rim”. These plume-derived 4.3 kya (Blackburn et al., 1982; Robertson et al., 1996). volcanoes provide a detailed record of northward The products of intraplate volcanism were particularly abundant Australian plate velocity, and indicate a major slowdown in SE Queensland during the mid Cenozoic, extending over the state commencing at 26 Ma and persisting until 23 Ma, border into New South Wales (Figures 1 and 2). The largest Cenozoic volcanoes on the continent are located in this region; the Main Range correlated with initial collision of the massive Ontong volcano is over 80 km N-S, and Tweed has a diameter of c. 100 km Java plateau with the northern subduction margin of the (Figure 1b). This region also hosts some of the greatest diversity of Australian plate. Despite traversing over 36 km of magma types found in eastern Australia, and an unusually large volume continental crust, trace element and isotopic signatures of highly fractionated rhyolites (Ewart et al., 1985; Ewart and Grenfell, 1985; Ewart et al., 1988).
    [Show full text]
  • Interactions Among Leaf Miners, Host Plants and Parasitoids in Australian Subtropical Rainforest
    Food Webs along Elevational Gradients: Interactions among Leaf Miners, Host Plants and Parasitoids in Australian Subtropical Rainforest Author Maunsell, Sarah Published 2014 Thesis Type Thesis (PhD Doctorate) School Griffith School of Environment DOI https://doi.org/10.25904/1912/3017 Copyright Statement The author owns the copyright in this thesis, unless stated otherwise. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368145 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Food webs along elevational gradients: interactions among leaf miners, host plants and parasitoids in Australian subtropical rainforest Sarah Maunsell BSc (Hons) Griffith School of Environment Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology Griffith University Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy February 2014 Synopsis Gradients in elevation are used to understand how species respond to changes in local climatic conditions and are therefore a powerful tool for predicting how mountain ecosystems may respond to climate change. While many studies have shown elevational patterns in species richness and species turnover, little is known about how multi- species interactions respond to elevation. An understanding of how species interactions are affected by current clines in climate is imperative if we are to make predictions about how ecosystem function and stability will be affected by climate change. This challenge has been addressed here by focussing on a set of intimately interacting species: leaf-mining insects, their host plants and their parasitoid predators. Herbivorous insects, including leaf miners, and their host plants and parasitoids interact in diverse and complex ways, but relatively little is known about how the nature and strengths of these interactions change along climatic gradients.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey No.: 5015
    Survey No.: 5015 - Report date: 07/10/2018 Survey Date: 19/08/2008 Leader(s): Mike Russell Number Attended: 3 Identifiers-FAUNA: Doug White FLORA: Janet Hauser Region: - Site: BOTANIC_GARDENS-EH Code: PEH ;Site Desc: Eagle Heights; Tamborine Mountain Observation Source: Landcare Survey Clear, sunny, still. To 16C Plot Centre - Lat.: -27.920400 Long.: 153.203300 Alt.(m): 470 Situated around Tamborine Ck.on basaltic soils being colluvium from basalt above. Preliminary survey for rainforest interpretive centre. FLORA: Scientific Names Common Names Species Type Abrophyllum ornans ornans NATIVE HYDRANGEA Tree/Shrub Acacia melanoxylon BLACKWOOD Tree/Shrub Acronychia pubescens HAIRY ACRONYCHIA Tree/Shrub Adiantum formosum GIANT MAIDENHAIR FERN Simple Plant Adiantum hispidulum hispidulum ROUGH MAIDENHAIR FERN Simple Plant Ageratina adenophora CROFTON WEED Herb Akania bidwillii TURNIPWOOD Tree/Shrub Alocasia brisbanensis CUNJEVOI Herb Alphitonia excelsa RED ASH Tree/Shrub Alpinia caerulea BLUE NATIVE GINGER Herb Aneilema acuminatum ANEILEMA Herb Araucaria cunninghamii HOOP PINE Tree/Shrub Archidendron grandiflorum PINK LACEFLOWER Tree/Shrub Archontophoenix cunninghamiana PICCABEEN PALM Tree/Shrub Argyrodendron actinophyllum BLACK BOOYONG Tree/Shrub Arthropteris beckleri Simple Plant Baloghia marmorata JOINTED BALOGHIA Tree/Shrub Beilschmiedia elliptica GREY WALNUT Tree/Shrub Beilschmiedia obtusifolia BLUSH WALNUT Tree/Shrub Blechnum cartilagineum GRISTLE FERN Simple Plant Calamus muelleri LAWYER VINE Vine Callerya megasperma NATIVE WISTARIA Vine
    [Show full text]
  • 'Geo-Log' 2009
    ‘Geo-Log’ 2009 Journal of the Amateur Geological Society of the Hunter Valley ‘Geo-Log’ 2009 Journal of the Amateur Geological Society of the Hunter Valley Inc. Contents: President’s Introduction 2 Barrenjoey Lighthouse Walk 3 Geological Tour of the Central Coast 4 Ash Island History and Walk 6 Rix’s Creek Coke Ovens 7 Catherine Hill Bay to Caves Beach 9 Kurri Kurri Murals 11 Murrurundi Weekend 12 Soup and Slides 16 Plattsburg Historical Walk 17 Newcastle Botanical Gardens 19 Geological Seminar - Rocks and Minerals 19 Sculptures by the Sea 21 Lorne Basin Excursion 22 Christmas Social Evening 27 North Coast of NSW - Geological Safari 2009 28 1 Geo-Log 2009 President’s Introduction. Hi members and friends, It has been yet another very successful year and thanks go to all those members who contributed in whichever way they could. Most of our outings continue to attract a lot of interest and even after 30 years we still manage a variety of interesting activities without repeating too much from previous years. Society outings again reflected our wide range of interests, from Bob Bagnall’s fascinating tour of old Plattsburg to a superbly organised weekend of pure geology looking at the structure and stratigraphy of the Lorne Basin near Taree with new member Winston Pratt. The safari to the North Coast of New South Wales was moderately successful and venturing off the more frequented tracks revealed some astonishing scenery and more than a few interesting rocks. A few people even climbed Mount Warn- ing. It was very surprising to see such a large turnout at the geological seminar at Ron’s place in Octo- ber, where Brian and Ron struggled successfully to get through a packed program of mineral and rock identification, with Barry following up with an excellent account of map reading.
    [Show full text]
  • PAPERS Department of Geology
    PAPERS Department of Geology University of Queensland Volume 11 Number 4 PAPERS Department of Geology »University of Queensland VOLUME 11 NUMBER 4 The Tweed and Focal Peak Shield Volcanoes, Southeast Queensland and Northeast New South Wales . A. EWART, N.C. STEVENS and J.A. ROSS P. 1 - 82 1 THE TWEED AND FOCAL PEAK SHIELD VOLCANOES, SOUTHEAST QUEENSLAND AND NORTHEAST NEW SOUTH WALES by A. Ewart, N.C. Stevens and J.A, Ross ABSTRACT •Two overlapping shield volcanoes of Late Oligocène — Early Miocene age form mountainous country in southeast Queensland and northeast New South Wales. The basaltic-rhyolitic volcanic formations and the putonic rocks (gabbros, syenites, monzonites) of the central complexes are described with regard to field relations, mineralogy, geochem­ istry and petrogenesis. The Tweed Shield Volcano, centred on the plutonic complex of Mount Warning, comprises the Beechmont and Hobwee Basalts, their equivalents on the southern side (the Lismore and Blue Knob Basalts), and more localized rhyolite formations, the Binna Burra and Nimbin Rhyolites. The earlier Focal Peak Shield Volcano is preserved mainly on its eastern flanks, where the Albert Basalt and Mount Gillies Volcanics underlie the Beechmont Basalt. A widespread conglomerate formation separates formations of the two shield volcanoes. Mount Warning plutonic complex comprises various gabbros, syenite and monzonite with a syenite-trachyte-basalt ring-dyke, intrusive trachyandesite and comen­ dite dykes. The fine-grained granite of Mount Nullum and the basaltic sills of Mount Terragon are included with the complex. Each phase was fed by magma pulses from deeper chambers. Some degree of in situ crystal fractionation is shown by the gabbros, but the syenitic phase was already fractionated prior to emplacement.
    [Show full text]
  • FFF 5 July 17
    12. On your left is Banksia ericifolia ‘Red A publication of the Friends Clusters’ , a small tree with green heath-like of the Australian National foliage and very large orange-red cones (photo Botanic Gardens below left). 14 15 5 - 18 July 2017 13 Featuring the plants of the Australian National 12 Botanic Gardens, Canberra, ACT written and illustrated by Friends Rosalind and Benjamin 11 Walcott 10 13. On your right is Stenocarpus sinuatus , or Today we will walk from the café up 9 8 the Main Path almost to the Sydney Firewheel Tree, a small tree with ‘tropical’ dark 7 green glossy foliage from the rainforests of 5 6 Region Gully to see mostly banksias northern New South Wales and eastern and grevilleas in flower Queensland (photo above right). 4 14. Cross the road and walk almost to the 3 Sydney Region Gully to see on your right 2 Correa ‘Marian’s Marvel’ with flared pale pink bells with greenish tips (photo below left). This 1 beautiful correa is a cross between C. reflexa and C. backhousiana . It arose in the garden of Marion Beek of Naracoorte, South Australia. 1. Past the Ellis Rowan garden on your right is Acacia alata var. biglandulosa or Winged Wattle, with flattened, soft, bright green phyllodes and masses of white fluffy ball flowers (photo above). It is native to the area around Geraldton, Western Australia. 2. Also on your right in a pot is Banksia 15. On your left is Acacia buxifolia , or Box-leaf victoriae or Woolly Orange Banksia, with Wattle, an open bush with red stems, small attractive grey-green toothed foliage and very grey-green upright foliage and acid yellow buds large orange cones (photo next page top left).
    [Show full text]
  • I Is the Sunda-Sahul Floristic Exchange Ongoing?
    Is the Sunda-Sahul floristic exchange ongoing? A study of distributions, functional traits, climate and landscape genomics to investigate the invasion in Australian rainforests By Jia-Yee Samantha Yap Bachelor of Biotechnology Hons. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2018 Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation i Abstract Australian rainforests are of mixed biogeographical histories, resulting from the collision between Sahul (Australia) and Sunda shelves that led to extensive immigration of rainforest lineages with Sunda ancestry to Australia. Although comprehensive fossil records and molecular phylogenies distinguish between the Sunda and Sahul floristic elements, species distributions, functional traits or landscape dynamics have not been used to distinguish between the two elements in the Australian rainforest flora. The overall aim of this study was to investigate both Sunda and Sahul components in the Australian rainforest flora by (1) exploring their continental-wide distributional patterns and observing how functional characteristics and environmental preferences determine these patterns, (2) investigating continental-wide genomic diversities and distances of multiple species and measuring local species accumulation rates across multiple sites to observe whether past biotic exchange left detectable and consistent patterns in the rainforest flora, (3) coupling genomic data and species distribution models of lineages of known Sunda and Sahul ancestry to examine landscape-level dynamics and habitat preferences to relate to the impact of historical processes. First, the continental distributions of rainforest woody representatives that could be ascribed to Sahul (795 species) and Sunda origins (604 species) and their dispersal and persistence characteristics and key functional characteristics (leaf size, fruit size, wood density and maximum height at maturity) of were compared.
    [Show full text]