Report on Ground Investigation at Isebrook Sen College, Kettering
AG2437-16-Y63
REPORT ON GROUND INVESTIGATION AT ISEBROOK SEN COLLEGE, KETTERING
REPORT STATUS SHEET
Client: Northamptonshire County Council Report Title: Report on Ground Investigation at Isebrook SEN College, Kettering Report Number: AG2437-16-Y63 Report Status: Validated Issue 1 Date: April 2016
Date Signed for and on behalf of Applied Geology Limited
Report G Manning BSc (Hons) MSc FGS 25/05/2016 Author Project Geologist
Checked A Perks MGeol (Hons), FGS 25/05/2016 Senior Engineering Geologist
Authorised S Day BSc (Hons) MSc CGeol FGS SiLC Director 25/05/2016
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CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Objectives and Scope of Investigation ...... 1 1.2 Report Layout ...... 1 2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION AND PROPOSALS ...... 2 2.1 Site Description...... 2 2.2 Site Proposals ...... 2 3.0 DESK STUDY INFORMATION ...... 3 4.0 CONCEPTUAL SITE MODEL ...... 4 4.1 Diagrammatical Illustration ...... 4 4.2 Sources ...... 4 4.3 Pathways ...... 4 4.4 Receptors ...... 4 4.5 Source/Pathway/Receptor Linkage and Assessed Risk ...... 5 5.0 GROUND INVESTIGATION WORKS ...... 5 5.1 Fieldwork ...... 5 5.2 Instrumentation and Monitoring ...... 6 5.3 Laboratory Testing ...... 6 6.0 GROUND CONDITIONS ...... 7 6.1 Strata Encountered ...... 7 6.2 Topsoil & Made Ground ...... 7 6.3 Whitby Mudstone Formation ...... 8 6.4 Groundwater and Variable Head Tests ...... 8 6.5 Contamination ...... 8 7.0 GEOENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ...... 9 7.1 Human Health Risk Assessment ...... 9 7.2 Controlled Waters Risk Assessment ...... 9 7.3 Disposal of Soil Arisings ...... 9 7.4 Conclusions and Recommendations ...... 9 8.0 GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT ...... 10 8.1 General ...... 10 8.2 Foundation Design ...... 10 8.3 Floor Slab and Gas Protection ...... 10 8.4 Excavations ...... 11 8.5 Pavement Design ...... 11 8.6 Soakaways ...... 11 8.7 Buried Concrete and Services ...... 12 8.8 Conclusions and Recommendations ...... 12
GENERAL NOTES LIST OF REFERENCES APPENDICES
APPENDIX A DRAWINGS & FIGURES • Site Location Plan • Exploratory Hole Location Plan, Dwg No AG2437-16-01 • Conceptual Site Model, Dwg No AG2437-16-02 • Proposed Extensions & Alterations, B3 Architects Dwg No 91428 P1 Rev C • SPT N value v depth • Plasticity chart
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APPENDIX B DESK STUDY DATA APPENDIX C EXPLORATORY HOLE LOGS APPENDIX D FIELD MONITORING AND IN SITU TEST RESULTS APPENDIX E LABORATORY TEST RESULTS & DATA SHEETS APPENDIX F STANDARD FIELDWORK AND ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Objectives and Scope of Investigation
An area of land at Isebrook SEN College, Kettering (the site) is being considered for redevelopment by Northamptonshire County Council (the Client). The proposals for the site comprise the construction of a new two story building and associated external works for the College.
Applied Geology was appointed by the Client to undertake a desk study/Phase I Environmental Risk Assessment and combined geotechnical and geoenvironmental investigation in order to:
• assess the potential for hazardous substances or conditions to exist at the site that might warrant mitigation or remediation appropriate to the intended end use proposed by the Client. • establish geological conditions and geotechnical parameters to assist in the safe and economic engineering design of the proposed development. • Support a planning application.
The terms of reference/brief for the works were specified by JPP Consulting on behalf of Lend Lease Consulting (Client’s Engineer) and are outlined in our proposal and estimate reference AG16-5227let001 dated 9th March 2016.
The scope of works undertaken by Applied Geology comprised:
• A site inspection and walkover survey • A review of the following desk study sources:
GroundSure – GeoInsight & EnviroInsight environmental databases. GroundSure – MapInsight historical maps. British Geological Survey (BGS) - published information & on-line borehole database. Multi-Agency Geographical Information for the Countryside (MAGIC) on- line database. Environment Agency Web Site.
• Ground investigation together with sampling, monitoring and a programme of laboratory testing. • Assessment and reporting of the results of the works. Underground service plans for the site were obtained by Applied Geology on 17th March 2016 and a utility survey drawing (with topographic survey information) dated November 2015 created by Subsight Survey Ltd was provided by the Client.
1.2 Report Layout
This report presents a brief description of the site, the desk study data and the factual results of the intrusive investigations carried out. An interpretation of the ground conditions and a discussion/assessment of the findings is presented in the later report text sections. The main text of the report has been produced in a
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concise format, including the use of data tables to summarise key information where possible. The report should be read in conjunction with the general procedures detailed in Appendix F and General Notes given at the end of the main text, which provide details of investigation techniques, assessment methodology and standards, health & safety and limitations and exceptions of the report. Drawings and factual data including exploratory hole records, laboratory testing results and desk study records are presented in the other Appendices.
2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION AND PROPOSALS
2.1 Site Description
The site is located at Isebrook SEN College, Kettering, approximately 1.6km southeast of Kettering town centre. The national grid reference for the centre of the site is 488076 277412 as shown on the Site Location Plan in Appendix A.
The site was bound to the north by residential properties off Eastleigh Road, to the east by agricultural land and the River Ise, to the south by Barton Road and Wickstead Park beyond and to the west by St Edward’s Primary School.
The site is irregular in shape with dimensions of approximately 245m by 120m (2.2ha) and slopes from around 66.6m AOD in the west to 58.55m AOD in the east. This level change is accommodated over three platforms, the first and highest located to the west at the level of the adjacent college, the second is the area to the north at the level of the most recent school building, and the third is the location of the proposed development which has a slope down to the east, to the Rive Ise. The boundaries between these platforms are defined by grassed slopes with access ramps and stairs.
A site inspection/walkover was undertaken by Applied Geology on 7th April 2016. Access to the site was gained off Eastleigh Road, Kettering. At the time of the inspection, the site was a school comprising two brick buildings and three raised classroom cabins to the centre of the site with raised walkways. A car park was located to the north and playing fields were located to the south of the site. The site entrance was secured by an approximately 2m high metal fence.
There were a row of semi mature to mature deciduous trees located along the eastern perimeter of the site.
2.2 Site Proposals
The proposals for the site comprise the removal of three classroom blocks and the construction of a two storey building which includes a lift, a covered walkway to the existing school building to the west, outside paving and a multi-use games area (MUGA) to the east. The proposals are shown on Drawing No’s 91428 P1 Rev C by B3 Architects, dated 3rd July 2015, a copy of which is presented in Appendix A.
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3.0 DESK STUDY INFORMATION
The desk study findings are summarised below with the full Groundsure Report and selected Historical Ordnance Survey Maps included in Appendix B.
• 1884-1886 – Site and surrounding area are agricultural fields. A Brick Site History Field is located approximately 500m northwest of the site. The River Ise is 35m northeast of the site boundary, flowing south and is marked as liable to floods. A road runs along the southern border of the site. A boathouse is located 200m east. • 1899-1901 – Brick Field has been extended to 400m northwest and is now labelled Brick and Tile Works • 1924 – Development of Wickstead Park 30m south of the site including a lake, approx. 700m long, located 250m southeast of the site. Sewage tank is 520m south of the site. • 1950 – Residential properties developed to the northwest of the site. • 1958 – Brick and Tile Works now listed as Works. Sewage Tank no longer present. • 1967-1968 – Isebrook School is now present on site including a school building and glasshouse to the west and a small building with garage to the north over three levels, sloping to the east. St Edward’s RC Primary School is located adjacent to the west of the site. Area to the east is labelled Watermeadow with drains leading into the Wickstead Park Lake. • 1975 – Further residential development within a 500m radius of the site to the north. Works now a Rugby Football Ground. • 2002 – School building has been extended south. • 2010 – School building has changed shape to present day configuration. • Post 2014 – New school building to the northeast of the site. • Published BGS Map indicates site underlain by solid geology of the Anticipated Northampton Sand Formation and the Whitby Mudstone Formation with Geology and no overlying drift deposits on the site. The Northampton Sand Formation Ground overlies the Whitby Mudstone Formation and is shown only to the very Conditions west of the site. 10m to the east of the site, following the same path as the River Ise, are Alluvium Deposits overlying the Whitby Mudstone Formation. • Historic surface ground workings shown along the eastern margins of the site are associated with plateauing of the site and the creation of slopes. • Nearest BGS archive borehole (110m southwest) indicates 0.20m bgl of Topsoil underlain by Clay to 5.00m bgl where the borehole ends. • Site has a Low Hazard rating for Shrink-Swell Clays with medium plasticity ground conditions. • Compressibility rating for the site has a Moderate Hazard rating. • Site is in a radon affected area, with 10-30% of properties in the area Radon above the Action Level. Full radon protection measures are therefore considered necessary for new properties. • Site not indicated to be within area of underground coal or other mining. Mining/Quarrying • Site not in area associated with natural cavity formation. • Nearest surface watercourse is the Water Meadow Drain 8m east of the Hydrology site and the River Ise is 34m northeast. • Water quality data taken by the Environmental Agency for the River Ise indicates the water quality is good (grade B) both in Biological and Chemical Quality. • There is one surface water abstractions within 500m of site, located 370m southeast where the transfer of water is made via a Weir in Wickstead Park. • There are four licensed discharges with 500m of site, the closest is a Surface Water Sewer 148m north. • The east of the site is in a Zone 2 floodplain, with a High risk of flooding in any given year.
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• The Whitby Mudstone Formation is classified as Unproductive whilst the Hydrogeology Northampton Sand Formation is a Secondary A Aquifer. Alluvium Deposits 44m west of site are a Secondary A Aquifer. • No groundwater abstraction licenses within 1000m. • Site is not within a Catchment Zone for groundwater abstraction. • Likely groundwater flow direction is to the east, following the topography, towards the River Ise. • No landfills or licensed waste sites within 250m. Other Environmental • Two current industrial land usages within 250m. Both are Electricity Sub Stations located 212m southwest and 233m northwest. data • No recorded petrol/fuel sites within 250m. • One recorded pollution incident within 250m. Category 4 (no impact to land) 47m to the northeast occurred in 2001 from oils and fuels. • The site is within a Nitrate Vulnerable Zone.
4.0 CONCEPTUAL SITE MODEL
4.1 Diagrammatical Illustration
The Conceptual Model for the site, showing the main elements of the surface and subsurface conditions and including the potential contaminant sources, pathways and receptors identified from the desk study information is presented in Appendix A as Drawing No AG2437-16-02. The potential sources, pathways and receptors are defined in the following sections:
4.2 Sources
• Made Ground Soils on site associated with existing site development • On site ground gases associated with decomposition of organic material in Made Ground • Sulphates in Made Ground or underlying natural strata • Radon from adjacent Northampton Sand Formation and/or re-worked Northampton Sand Formation Made Ground beneath the site.
PCBs from electrical substations are not considered a source due to the distance from site, the low mobility of PCBs and the credible banning of PCBs in new equipment from 1981.
4.3 Pathways
• Human dermal contact; • Human ingestion via soil directly; • Human inhalation of dust or vapours; • Leaching and/or migration through permeable soils (granular Made Ground); • Direct contact with buried concrete.
4.4 Receptors
• End user pupils, teachers, visitors (Human Health); • Neighbours (Human Health); • River Ise 34m to northeast of site (Controlled Waters); • Buried foundation/substructure concrete (Building Materials).
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4.5 Source/Pathway/Receptor Linkage and Assessed Risk
Source-pathway-receptor (SPR) linkages are tabulated below together with the qualitatively assessed risk. The risk to ground workers and construction workers is not included here due to the short-term exposure times that they will be subject to and the assumption that good hygiene practices will be adopted on site and the appropriate use of relevant PPE/RPE will be adhered to when exposed to potentially contaminated soils. Comments regarding contamination issues with respect to ground workers and construction workers are included in the health and safety section of the Standard Procedures included as Appendix F.
Source Pathway Receptor Risk*
Potential contaminants Inhalation, ingestion, End users, visitors, Low within Made Ground or dermal contact. neighbours resulting from historical site usage Migration and Leaching Principal Aquifer/ Low - medium Distant potable drinking water well Soil gas from Made Migration into buildings, End users, adjacent Low Ground – both on site and service ducts etc. residents off site sources
(methane, carbon dioxide) Elevated sulphates in Direct contact, leaching Buried concrete Medium Made ground or natural and contact with soils groundwater Radon Migration into buildings, End users Medium - high service ducts etc. * Definition of Risk Categories Negligible - Contaminants that might have unacceptable impact on key receptors, are unlikely to be present, or, no pathway is envisaged. Low Risk: Contaminants may be present but are unlikely to be at levels to have unacceptable impact on key receptors, or pathways are likely to be minimal. Medium Risk: Contaminants are probably present and might have an unacceptable impact on key receptors. Pathways may also be present therefore remedial measures may be necessary to reduce the risks. High Risk – Contaminants probably or certainly present and pathways are probably also present. Therefore, contaminants are likely to have an unacceptable impact on key receptors and remedial measures are likely to be necessary to reduce the risks to acceptable levels.
5.0 GROUND INVESTIGATION WORKS
5.1 Fieldwork
The following scope of fieldwork was undertaken:
• 6 No Driven Continuous Sampling boreholes (ref DCS1 to DCS6) to depths of 3.45m below ground level (bgl); • 4 No TRL DCPs; • 1 No variable head test within DCS3.
The borehole and trial pit records are included in Appendix C with the in situ test results included in Appendix D.
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The locations of the exploratory holes were selected and set out on site by Applied Geology Limited. The sampling strategy for the exploratory hole locations was to provide best overall coverage.
The positions of the exploratory holes were defined by taping from identifiable features on the utility survey (Drawing No: 48592) drawing by Subsight Survey Ltd. The locations are presented on Drawing No. AG2437-16-01 in Appendix A.
5.2 Instrumentation and Monitoring
At the request of the Client no monitoring wells were installed.
One falling head test was undertaken in the open borehole of DCS3 generally in accordance with the guidance in BS5930:1999.
5.3 Laboratory Testing
Geotechnical laboratory testing was undertaken on selected samples and comprised the following:
• 5 No natural moisture content tests; • 5 No Atterberg limit tests; • 1 No particle size distribution test; • 5 No BRE SD1 (pyrite) suite tests.
As no obvious sources of contamination were identified, a general suite of chemical testing for commonly occurring contaminants was tested for. Five samples were analysed for the following suite of contaminants:
• Selected metals suite [arsenic, cadmium, chromium (total, trivalent and hexavalent), copper, mercury, nickel, lead, zinc, selenium]; • Speciated (16 US EPA) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH); • Phenols (total); • pH; • Soluble sulphate; • Organic matter.
In addition, three soil samples were submitted for 9 band Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) testing and were screened for the presence of Asbestos Containing Materials (ACM).
Two samples of Made Ground were submitted for Leachate testing. The following suite of contaminants were tested for:
• Selected metals suite [arsenic, cadmium, chromium (total, trivalent and hexavalent), copper, mercury, nickel, lead, zinc, selenium]; • Speciated (16 US EPA) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH); • Phenols (total); • pH; • Hardness; • Sulphate; • Organic matter.
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Laboratory test results are included in Appendix E.
6.0 GROUND CONDITIONS
6.1 Strata Encountered
Up to 2.85m of Made Ground / Possible Made Ground was encountered overlying the Whitby Mudstone Formation. Full details of the strata encountered are given on the borehole records presented in Appendix C. A generalised ground profile is presented below to summarise the information.
Depth to Top of Thickness Stratum Strata (range) Comments (m bgl) (m)
Topsoil GL 0.20 – 0.30 Present at all locations
Made Ground 0.20 – 0.30 0.80 - 2.55 Thickens to east
Whitby Mudstone 0.30 – 2.85 >3.15 Base not proven Formation
6.2 Topsoil & Made Ground
Topsoil was encountered in each of the six boreholes and comprised firm sandy clay with fine to medium sandstone, limestone and ironstone gravel with rare brick fragments encountered in DCS1. At DCS2 the Topsoil comprised silty sand.
Made Ground was encountered in four of the six boreholes (DCS2, DCS3, DCS4 and DCS6) to depths of between 1.10m and 2.85m bgl and is considered to be the result of the creation of the topographic platforms/earthworks at the site and potentially represents reworked Northampton Sand Formation soils. The variable depths of Made Ground seem to correlate to the topographic plateaus at the site with DCS1 and DCS5 located on the western edge of the middle plateau recording no Made Ground and as such could be part of an area of previous cut. DCS2, DCS3 and DCS4 are located to the eastern end of the middle plateau and recorded Made Ground to between 2.1m and 2.85m bgl and as such could represent fill used to level the plateau. DCS6 recorded Made Ground to 1.1m bgl, which may represent general Made Ground associated with the construction of the school. The Made Ground typically comprised firm slightly gravelly sandy clay to slightly gravelly silty/clayey sand. The sand was predominantly fine to medium whilst the gravel comprised fine to coarse sandstone, ironstone and limestone with rare concrete fragments encountered in DCS2.
SPT’s within the cohesive Made Ground recorded ‘N’ values of 2 to 8, suggesting an approximate undrained shear strength of between 15 and 50kN/m2 (low to medium strength) based on an f1 of 6.5 and the recorded Plasticity Index of 12. SPT’s ‘within the granular Made Ground recorded ‘N’ values of 11 and 12 (medium dense). An SPT versus depth plot is included in Appendix A.
One particle size distribution test carried out in the Made Ground comprised 44% fines (silt and clay), 44% sand and 12% gravel.
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One Atterberg test was carried out on a sample of the cohesive Made Ground recording a Plasticity Index of 12 (10.7% corrected) with a liquid limit of 35% indicating low to medium plasticity and low shrinkage potential. Natural moisture content was recorded at 32%.
6.3 Whitby Mudstone Formation
The Whitby Mudstone Formation was encountered in each of the six boreholes, beneath the Made Ground or Topsoil from depths of between 0.30m and 2.85m bgl. It typically comprised an upper weathered horizon of firm orangish brown mottled light bluish grey slightly sandy silty clay becoming firm to stiff fissured dark grey slightly sandy slightly micaceous clay with rare to occasional haematite staining from depths of between 1.40m to 3.00m bgl. At DCS5 horizons of frequent shell fragments were recorded between 1.45m and 1.55m bgl, extremely closely spaced silty sand laminae and black lignite were also encountered within the Whitby Mudstone Formation at this location. From 2.60m bgl at DCS6 rare gypsum crystals were visible.
Four Atterberg tests were carried out on samples of the Whitby Mudstone Formation. The Plasticity Index results were recorded at between 28 and 34, with liquid limits of between 50% and 55% indicating high plasticity and medium shrinkage potential. Natural moisture contents were recorded at between 25% and 29%.
SPT ‘N’ values within the Whitby Mudstone Formation ranged between 5 and 20, suggesting an undrained shear strength of between 20 and 90kN/m2 (low to high strength) based on an f1 of 4.5 from an average Plasticity Index of 31.
Comparison of the moisture content results with the plastic limits and plasticity indices indicates the soils to be stiff, which is comparable to the field consistency descriptions.
6.4 Groundwater and Variable Head Tests
Groundwater was only encountered during the formation of DCS4 within the Made Ground at 1.40m bgl.
One falling head test was carried out within DCS3 with the water level recorded to have dropped 0.72m over 256 minutes, which indicates a permeability of approximately 5 x 10-8 m/s. In calculating this permeability the groundwater level has been assumed at 3m bgl due to the hole being dry before commencing the test. The strata tested was principally the Made Ground with Whitby Mudstone strata present in the base of the hole, however, the Whitby Mudstone is likely to be practically impermeable so the permeability recorded is likely to be solely attributable to the Made Ground soils. The results are included in Appendix D.
6.5 Contamination
There was no visual or olfactory evidence of any gross contamination observed in the boreholes.
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7.0 GEOENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
7.1 Human Health Risk Assessment
The results of the chemical testing on soils have been assessed as described in Appendix F, with specific details as follows:
• Proposed end-use – school; • Screening criteria – public open space (residential), assuming 2.5% SOM for Made Ground and Topsoil and 1% SOM for the Whitby Mudstone Formation.
The spreadsheets summarising the laboratory results and relevant screening values for each dataset are presented in Appendix E. In respect of benzo(a)pyrene and other genotoxic PAHs, various PAH ratios have been plotted and compared against data from the Culp et al study and found to be within the same range, therefore use of the surrogate marker approach is justified.
No concentrations of any determinands have exceeded the relevant soil screening values.
The Asbestos screening tests did not detect the presence of any Asbestos fibres.
It is considered that there is a negligible risk to human health receptors.
7.2 Controlled Waters Risk Assessment
The leachate testing has not found concentrations of any determinands above the relevant waters screening values. The spreadsheet summarising the laboratory results and relevant screening values are presented in Appendix E.
Based on the context of the site and the proposed redevelopment, there is considered to be a negligible risk to Controlled Waters.
7.3 Disposal of Soil Arisings
General comments regarding the procedures for the assessment of waste soil for off-site disposal purposes is included in Appendix F. From the chemical testing carried out the Made Ground is likely to be considered as non-hazardous (and therefore no WAC tests are needed) whilst the natural Whitby Mudstone Formation soils would likely be classified as inert. Therefore, the hazardous WAC suits requested by JPP Consulting are not necessary and were not scheduled.
7.4 Conclusions and Recommendations
The above risk assessments have established a negligible risk to human health and controlled water receptors. It is therefore considered that further assessment or remedial actions are not warranted for this redevelopment.
Issues with respect to ground gas and potential effects of contaminants on buried concrete and water supply pipework are included in Section 8.0.
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8.0 GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT
8.1 General
The proposals comprise the demolition of the existing classroom blocks and the construction of a two storey building including a lift with associated covered link, pavements and playground. Loads provided by JPP Consulting (the Client’s Engineer) include maximum column loads of 780kN and maximum strip footing loads of 80kN per metre run.
The investigations have identified Made Ground (up to 2.85m bgl), underlain by the Whitby Mudstone Formation, which is weathered to a firm to stiff clay. Standing groundwater levels are not known as water was only encountered in DCS4 as a seepage from within the Made Ground at 1.40m bgl.
8.2 Foundation Design
It is considered that the Whitby Mudstone Formation at the site is suitable to support conventional strip/trench fill or pad foundations. These must be placed below any Made Ground or disturbed ground and also beneath any soft materials in the upper weathered horizons of the Whitby Mudstone Formation. It will be necessary to embed the foundations within the in-situ firm to stiff clay strata beneath these materials.
Although a minimum founding depth of 1.0m will apply to the site to allow for seasonal effects, the borehole data suggests that founding depths of up to 2.60m (assuming an embedment of 0.30m) are likely to be required to ensure that the above deepening criteria are met. Foundations are generally likely to be at shallower depth in the west and deeper in the east where filled ground has been recorded. Where they are within the influence of trees foundations will need to be deepened in accordance with standards such as those in NHBC Chapter 4.2 ‘building near trees’ and assuming medium shrinkage potential.
Strip/trench fill (up to 1m wide) and pad foundations (up to 2.5m x 2.5m) competently designed to the above requirements may adopt safe net design bearing pressures up to 125kN/m2. This is based on an undrained shear strength of 50kN/m2 at formation, increasing in strength with depth, using traditional methods of bearing capacity calculations e.g. as set out in Tomlinson 7th Edition and a factor of safety of 3 against bearing capacity failure whilst limiting total settlements to <25mm.
If conditions, significantly at variance to those described herein are encountered, specialist geotechnical advice should be sought to make appropriate assessment and recommendations.
8.3 Floor Slab and Gas Protection
Owing to the presence of Made Ground greater than 600mm in thickness and the presence of shrinkable clay soils a suspended floor slab is recommended for the ground floor.
Ground gas monitoring was not carried out at the request of the Client and therefore assessment of the need for ground gas protection is not possible. As discussed in
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Section 3.0 radon protection measures may be required. The site has likely been labelled as a radon affected area due to the presence of Ironstone within the Northampton Sand Formation shown on geological mapping to be present adjacent to the west of the site. Given this and the presence of potentially re-worked Northampton Sand recorded beneath the site some radon protection measures are considered likely. The level of these measures will need to be agreed with the Local Authority.
8.4 Excavations
Excavations up to 2.60m deep are envisaged (but possible deeper) for the foundation excavations and service trenches. At these depths excavations are expected to be in a combination of Made Ground and weathered Whitby Mudstone Formation comprising clay. These materials may be prone to some short term instability and spalling and may need to be graded back to a stable angle or trench support should be provided. Trench support or the angle of batter should be designed by an appropriately qualified engineer or competent person to suit the required depth and the ground and groundwater conditions. Significant groundwater ingress is not expected, although it is recommended that some provision for obtaining sump pumping equipment is made to control any minor seepage and run off in wet weather conditions.
8.5 Pavement Design
The results of the TRL probes indicate CBRs of between 2% and 4% in the Topsoil, between 5% and 50% in the underlying Made Ground and 5% and 12% in the Whitby Mudstone Formation. Therefore, due to the inherent variability of the Made Ground, an equilibrium CBR value of 2% is recommended for this stratum. Any Made Ground encountered should be considered as frost susceptible and should not be present in the top 450mm of pavement construction. An equilibrium CBR value of 5% is recommended for the Whitby Mudstone Formation, which is not considered frost susceptible.
8.6 Soakaways
The result of the falling head test in DCS3 indicated a relatively slow permeability of 5x10-8 m/s. The test was mainly undertaken in the Made Ground interpreted to comprise re-worked Northampton Sand Formation and as such the permeability recorded is considered to represent this strata as the Whitby Mudstone Formation is likely to be practically impermeable. The discharge of surface water draining into the Made Ground soils is not recommended given that the water is likely to permeate down onto the top of the Whitby Mudstone Formation and flow into the River Ise to the east. In addition, water following this path would likely exit along or at the toe of the plateau slope potentially leading to slope stability concerns. Therefore, soakaways are not considered suitable for the proposed development.
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8.7 Buried Concrete and Services
The results of the testing in the soils on site indicate characteristic values shown in the table below.
Total Design Water Soluble Strata Potential pH Sulphate ACEC Sulphate (g/l) Sulphate (%) Class Made Ground 0.37 0.15 6.7 DS-1 AC-1s Whitby Mudstone 1.04 1.59 5.9 DS-4 AC-3s Formation
The results of the sulphate tests carried out have identified the Design Sulphate Class to be DS-4 with the Aggressive Chemical Environment for Concrete (ACEC) being AC-3s for the Whitby Mudstone Formation as defined by the BRE Special Digest 1, Concrete Aggressive Ground, 2005 for a greenfield site and static groundwater regime. Further reference should be made to BRE Special Digest 1 for requirements in respect of types of cement and aggregate to be used and variations in type of concrete construction.
8.8 Conclusions and Recommendations
Conventional strip/trench fill or pad foundations bearing within the Whitby Mudstone Formation may adopt safe net design bearing pressures up to 125kN/m2 for 1m wide trench fill and up to 2.5m x 2.5m pads.
A suspended ground floor slab is recommended.
An equilibrium CBR value of 2% is recommended for pavement design within the Made Ground or 5% within the Whitby Mudstone Formation.
The site is considered unsuitable for soakaway drainage.
Sulphate resisting concrete appropriate to DS-4 and AC-3s conditions are required.
Applied Geology Limited Unit 23 Abbey Park Stareton Kenilworth Warwickshire CV8 2LY
Tel: 02476 511822
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GENERAL NOTES
A) The assessment made in this report is based on the site terrain and ground conditions revealed by the various field investigations undertaken and also any other relevant data for the site including previous site investigation reports (if available) and desk study data. There may be special conditions appertaining to the site, however, which have not been revealed by the investigation and which have not, therefore, been taken into account in the report. The assessment may be subject to amendment in the light of additional information becoming available. It must be recognised that many of the Environmental Searches obtained during the course of the desk study are often lengthy. Applied Geology have, where appropriate and in the interests of simplicity, only reproduced the summary of the searches within the report. A full copy of all the search data is held at the Applied Geology office and is available for inspection if required.
B) The services provided are defined within our proposal and are carried out in line with the terms of appointment between Applied Geology and the Client.
C) Where any data supplied by the Client or other external source, including that from previous site investigations, has been used it has been assumed that the information is correct. No responsibility can be accepted by Applied Geology for inaccuracies within this data.
D) Whilst the report may express an opinion on possible configurations of strata between or beyond the exploratory locations, or on the possible presence of features based on either visual, verbal or published evidence this is for guidance only and no liability can be accepted for the accuracy.
E) Comments on groundwater (and landfill gas) conditions are based on observations made during the course of the present and past investigations or with reference to published data unless otherwise stated. It should be noted, however, that groundwater (and landfill gas) levels vary due to seasonal (or atmospheric conditions) or other effects.
F) The copyright of this report and other plans (and documents prepared by Applied Geology) is owned by Applied Geology and no such report, plan or document may be reproduced, published or adapted without the written consent of Applied Geology. Complete copies of the report may, however, be made and distributed by the Client as an expedient in dealing with matters related to its submission.
G) This report is prepared and written in the context of the proposals stated in the introduction to the report and should not be used in a differing context. Furthermore, new information, improved practices and legislation may necessitate an alteration to the report in whole or in part after its submission. Therefore with any change in circumstances or after the expiry of one year from the date of the report, the report should be referred to Applied Geology for re-assessment and if necessary, re- appraisal.
H) The survey was conducted and this report was prepared for the sole internal use and reliance of the Client. This report shall not be relied upon or transferred to any other parties without the express written authorisation of Applied Geology. If an unauthorised third party comes into possession of this report they rely on it at their peril and Applied Geology owes them no duty of care and skill.
I) Ground conditions should be monitored during the construction of the works and the recommendations of the report re- evaluated in the light of this data by the supervising geotechnical or geo-environmental engineers.
J) Unless specifically stated, the investigation has not taken into account the possible effects of mineral extraction.
K) The works performed are not a comprehensive site characterisation and should not be construed as being such.
L) The findings of the geo-environmental risk assessment are based on information obtained from a variety of sources which Applied Geology believe to be correct. Applied Geology cannot and does not guarantee the authenticity or reliability of the information it has relied upon.
M) The report represents the findings and opinions of experienced geo-environmental consultants. Applied Geology does not provide legal advice and the advice of lawyers may be required.
N) Conditions at the site are subject to change from the time of the site inspection.
O) It is possible that researches carried out by Applied Geology, whilst fully appropriate for a phase 1 desk study, failed to indicate the existence of important information sources. Assuming such indicators actually exist, their information could not have been considered in the formulation of Applied Geology findings and opinions.
P) The economic viability of the proposals referred to in the report, or of the solutions put forward to any problems encountered, depends on very many factors in addition to geotechnical considerations and hence its evaluation is outside the scope of this report.
Q) Applied Geology operates as a Consultancy and does not operate it's own laboratory for soil testing, this work being sub contracted to known and respected, generally UKAS accredited, laboratories. Applied Geology can therefore not be held responsible for the testing carried out.
APPLIED GEOLOGY SHORT OR LETTER REPORT NOTES (Feb 2014) LIST OF REFERENCES COMMONLY USED BY APPLIED GEOLOGY IN REPORTS
SECTION/TITLE AUTHOR/PUBLICATION
LABORATORY TESTING
BS 1377:1990 Method of Tests for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes BSI
SITE WORK
Guidelines for Combined Geoenvironmental and Geotechnical Investigations. Issue 2. March 2006 AGS BS 5930:1999 + A2 (2010). Code of Practice for Site Investigation. BSI BS 10175:2011 Code of Practice for the Investigation of Potentially Contaminated Sites BSI
FOUNDATION DESIGN
BRE Special Digest 1: 2005 Third Edition. Concrete in Aggressive Ground BRE NHBC Standards, Chapter 4.2: Building Near Trees. 2011 National House Building Council Foundations in Chalk (CIRIA Project Report 11). 1993 CIRIA Engineering in Chalk (C574). 2002 CIRIA Engineering in Mercia Mudstone (C570). 2001 CIRIA
SOIL GAS
Radon: Guidance on Protective Measures for New Buildings. 2007 Ed. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions and BRE Indicative Atlas of Radon in Scotland (HPA – CRCE-023). 2011 HPA Code of Practice for the Characterisation and Remediation from Ground Gas in Affected Developments. BSI BS8485:2007 Guidance on Evaluation of Development Proposals on Sites Where Methane and Carbon Dioxide are NHBC & RSK Group Present (C665). 4th Ed, 2007
GROUNDWATER
BRE Digest 365: Soakaway Design. 2003 BRE
CONTAMINATION ASPECTS (Soil & Groundwater)
Cover Systems for Land Regeneration. Thickness of Cover Systems for Contaminated Land. 2004. BR465 AGS/BRE The LQM/CIEH Suitable 4 Use Levels (S4UL) for Human Health Risk Assessment, 2015. S4UL3159. Chartered Institute of Environmental Health. Land Quality Management. Generic Assessment Criteria for Human Health Risk Assessment. 2009 Chartered Institute of Environmental Health. Land Quality Management. Model Procedures for the Management of Contaminated Land. Contaminated Land Report 11 September DEFRA / Environment Agency 2004 The UK Approach for Evaluating Human health Risks from Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soils. February Environment Agency 2005. Remedial Targets Methodology. Hydrogeological Risk Assessment for Land Contamination. 2006. Environment Agency An ecological risk assessment framework for contaminants in soil. Science Report SC070009/SR1 Environment Agency September 2008 Guidance on desk studies and conceptual site models in ecological risk assessment. Science Report Environment Agency SC070009/SR2a October 2008 Guidance on the use of soil screening values in ecological risk assessment. Science Report Environment Agency SC070009/SR2b October 2008 Guidance on the use of bioassays in ecological risk assessment. Science Report SC070009/SR2c October Environment Agency 2008 Guidance on the use of ecological surveys in ecological risk assessment. Science Report SC070009/SR2c Environment Agency October 2008 Guidance on the attribution of cave and effect in geological risk assessment. Science Report Environment Agency SC070009/SR2e October 2008 Planning Policy Statement 23: Planning and Pollution Control. 2004. HMSO Method for Deriving Site Specific Human Health Criteria for Contaminants in Soil. Report no. LQ01. April Scotland & Northern Ireland Forum for Environmental 2010 Research. Land Quality Management Ltd. Sampling Strategies for Contaminated Land. Contaminated Land Research Report no.4. 1994 DoE NHBC Standards, Chapter 4.1: Land Quality – Managing Ground Conditions. 2011 National House Building Council ATRISKsoil Soil Screening Values Atkins CLEA Software (Version 1.06) Environment Agency The Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations. 2011 DWI Prioritisation & Categorisation Procedure For Sites Which May Be Contaminated (CLR Report No6) Department of the Environment, Contaminated Land Research Report Code of Practice for the Investigation & Mitigation of Possible Petroleum-Based Land Contamination. 1993 The Institute of Petroleum Piling & Penetrative Ground Improvement Methods on Land Affected by Contamination: Guidance on Environment Agency Pollution Prevention. 2001
V:\Standard Forms\Project References AG Aug 15.doc
DISPOSAL OF SOIL
The Waste Management Licensing Regulations Waste Management the Duty of Care. A Code of Practice Department of the Environment UK Soil Framework Directive. Annex II - 1999/31/EC and Annex III - 91/689/EEC
BURIED SERVICES
Guidance for the Selection of Water Supply Pipes to be Used in Brownfield Sites. (10/WM/03/21). 2010 UK Water Industries Research Effects of Organic Chemicals in Contaminated Land on Buried Services (DWQ 9025, Report 2982(P)). Department of the Environment 1992 The Impact of Contaminated Land on Buried Electrical Cables (CONTAM-2.5AM). 1998 ERA Technology
PAVEMENT DESIGN
Interim Advice Note 73/06 Rev 1, 2009. Design Guidance for Road Pavement Foundations (Draft HD25) Highways Agency
HEALTH & SAFETY ASPECTS
A Guide for Safe Working on Contaminated Sites (Report 132) CIRIA Protection of Workers and the General Public During the Development of Contaminated Land (HSG66) Health & Safety Executive Construction (Design & Management) Regulations 2006 (CDM) Health & Safety Executive Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 Health & Safety Executive Workplace Exposure Limits. EH40/2005 Health & Safety Executive Trenching Practice. Guidance on Groundwater Control (Report 97) CIRIA Control of Groundwater for Temporary Works (Report 113) CIRIA
V:\Standard Forms\Project References AG Aug 15.doc APPENDIX A Site Location Plan
Site: Isebrook SEN College, Kettering Title: Taken from Ordnance Survey (1:50,000) Map 141, Kettering, Corby and surrounding area NGR: 488076 277412 Project No: AG2437-16
Site
Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey Map with permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office, Crown Copyright* LICENCE No: 100055022
Microwave Oven
Horticulture mobile to be removed in future
MUGA 30.1mx18.1m (Basketball incl run-off) 544.81sq.m.
RAMPED ACCESS with intermediate landings
C 03/12/15 Topo survey introduced as base; window and door openings indicated; external walls increased to nom.400mm thick; ground modelling indicated around MUGA. Drop-off, roadways and kerbline radii adjusted as necessary based on topo survey information. B 25/09/15 Staff Office, Rest and Meeting Rooms omitted; student toilets centralised and nos. rationalised; Multi-Use rooms and social space omitted; Quiet Rooms reduced to 1 per floor; Creative break out space reduced; 1nr store omitted; instrument store changed to recording studio; Library & IT combined, soundproof room increased; Link Corridor revised to Covered Link; Sports Hall refurb and extensions omitted; removal of Horticulture mobile omitted (class 79 conversion by school); ICT 56 to become Intervention Room and Library 62 to beome Film & Media Studio - by school; above alterations requested during meeting 16.09.15 to reduce new build by approx 450sqm and refurb by 250sqm. RB A 04/09/15 Classrooms repositioned back-to-back with folding partition between; group rooms relocated; CDT enlarged to include CAD-CAM, Art to include dye sublimation area; FF mtg rm + store omitted; MUGA enlarged to recreational basketball o/a size, Proposed Extensions & Alterations link corridor length reduced; exg sports Hall extended and stores relocated. RB Isebrook S.E.N. College, Kettering 91428 P1 C REVDATE DESCRIPTION INITIAL CHECKED THIS DRAWING IS COPYRIGHT Northamptonshire County Council - Strategic Planning Drawn RBChecked XXX 1.200 @ A1 03/07/15 Loughborough w w w. b 3 . c o . u k AG2437-16 Isebrook SEN College, Kettering SPT 'N' Vs Depth (m bgl)
SPT N Value 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0
0.5
1
1.5
Depth (m bgl) (m Depth 2
2.5
3
3.5 Made Ground Whitby Mudstone Formation Project: Isebrook SEN College, Kettering Project Number: AG2437-16 Client: Northamptonshire County Council
PLASTICITY CHART
Low Medium High Very High Extremely High 80
70
60 CV CE 50 CI CH 40 ME
30 CL MV 20
Plasticity Index(%) MH 10
0 ML MI 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 Liquid Limit (%)
Aline Whitby Mudstone Formation Made Ground
Date: 26th April 2016 APPENDIX B
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