The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Ash Hodgkinson
9SC4
Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Contents Title ...... 4 Introduction ...... 4 Background Information ...... 4 Why I chose this topic ...... 4 Previous Research ...... 4 Change Blindness ...... 5 Further Studies on Change Blindness ...... 5 What Causes Change Blindness? ...... 6 Differences Between Male and Female Brains ...... 7 Aim ...... 8 Hypothesis ...... 8 Method and Materials...... 8 Equipment Setup Diagram ...... 8 Materials ...... 9 Method ...... 9 Variables ...... 10 Controlled ...... 10 Independent ...... 10 Dependent ...... 10 Results ...... 11 Respondent Demographic Data ...... 11 Visual Change Detection Data (Detailed by Question) ...... 12 Visual Change Detection Data (Summary) ...... 19 Discussion ...... 20 Accuracy ...... 21 Reliability ...... 21 Validity ...... 21 Improvements ...... 22 Conclusion ...... 22 Bibliography ...... 23
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Appendix 1: Change Blindness Video Script ...... 24 Visual Changes ...... 24 Setting ...... 24 Running Order ...... 24 Appendix 2: Survey Monkey Survey ...... 26 Appendix 3: Facebook Event ...... 35 Appendix 4: Stills from the “Behind the Scenes” Video ...... 36 Appendix 5: Respondent Feedback ...... 37
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Title The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Introduction
Background Information
Why I chose this topic Magicians frequently rely on a technique called ‘Misdirection’ when performing. They deliberately ‘misdirect’ the audience’s attention to a seemingly important, but actually irrelevant, detail in order to perform the trick undetected. The trick is performed in the audience’s visual field, but is not noticed by the audience as their attention is focused elsewhere. A classic example of this is the Cups and Balls routine, where balls seemingly jump from under one cup to another.
Magicians also utilise the technique of “Transformation”, where an object changes form (size, colour, shape, weight, etc.) with the changes occurring during a disruption in the visual field. The “sleight of hand” goes unnoticed by the audience until attention is brought to it by the magician. The most famous example of this is the Dollar Bill illusion where a $1 bill is magically transformed into a $100 bill, or vice versa.
I wondered why these phenomena occurred and what it was about the brain that allowed it to process certain visual information, but ignore others. And under what conditions is the brain more likely to accept or reject visual changes? Does gender impact the ability to detect changes? And how can I utilise this knowledge in my own performing?
Previous Research A number of studies have been conducted on the brain’s ability to detect visual changes. Four distinct phenomena were identified:-
a. Inattentional Blindness – The subject’s failure to notice a new visual stimulus as their attention is focused on another demanding task (ie the magician’s misdirection). b. Change Blindness – The subject’s failure to notice a large and obvious change to the visual environment (ie the magician’s transformation). c. Attentional Blink – When the subject’s focus is shifted from one stimulus to another a tiny "gap" in attention is created lasting about half a second. This gap is known as an attentional blink, during which the subject is functionally blind. d. Choice Blindness – Where the subject chooses between various objects and then when the object of their preference is switched with another one, do not acknowledge the difference and tend to find explanations for this altered choice.
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Change Blindness Early studies on change blindness began in the 1950’s, with researchers identifying failures to detect changes to simple sequences of dots or letters when they were separated by a brief blank interval.
Breakthrough research by Blackmore, Belstaff, Nelson, and Troscianko in 1995 found that when there was a brief break in the visual scene, people found it more difficult to detect changes to an image.
The term ‘change blindness’ was coined two years later by O’Regan, Rensink, & Clarke (1997) to describe the surprising failure by participants to notice large changes to photographs when those changes occurred during a brief visual disruption.
Further Studies on Change Blindness Simons and Levin (1998) - In this experiment, researchers engaged participants in a conversation. Then, during a period of distraction, they switched the original person for someone else. Simons and Levin noted that only about half of the participants noticed the swap. O’Regan, Rensink, & Clarke (1999) - Researchers found that when small shapes are splattered over an image, such as mudsplashes over a car windshield, large changes can be made to a visual scene without the observer noticing. While previous research demonstrated that change blindness could be produced by a visual disruption such as flickering, blinking, or eye movement, this study demonstrated that change blindness can also occur without visual masking. Levin et al. (2000) – When researchers told observers about changes that happened in a film sequence and showed them stills from the film, 83 percent of the participants predicted that they would notice these changes. When these observers did not know which changes were going to occur, only 11 percent of them actually noticed the changes. Feil & Mestre (2010) – Research suggested that subject-matter experts may be more adept at noticing change in their area of expertise than novices. For example, a physicist would be better able to detect changes to a physics problem than a college student taking his first physics course.
To date there has been limited studies of the effects of gender bias on change blindness.
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
What Causes Change Blindness? Despite the numerous studies on change blindness, there is no definitive cause for the phenomenon. What is agreed by the researchers is that it is likely to be associated with sensory processing, which is the way the brain and nervous system processes signals received from input via the senses.
The brain has limited capacity to detect and process everything in its sensory environment, so it selects certain things to process, evaluate and store, and leaves everything else out. Without this filter, the brain would suffer from “sensory overload”.
In order to detect changes in the visual environment, the brain must store an image of the ‘before’ picture and then compared it to the ‘after’ image, scanning both images for comparison. This requires significant mental capacity, particularly if the change is small or obscure as more analysis is required. Unless specifically directed to do so, this storing and comparing of images is generally not deemed important by the brain and so is usually omitted, freeing up sensory processing capacity for more “worthy” tasks.
Change blindness is closely linked to inattentional blindness, in that both are influenced by where a person chooses to focus attention. The most famous study was conducted by Daniel Simons and Christopher Chabris in 1999, called the Invisible Gorilla Experiment. In this test, participants were asked to watch a short video of two groups of people, wearing either a black or white t-shirts, pass a basketball around and to count the number of passes made by the white team. Midway through the video, a person walks through the scene wearing a gorilla suit. After watching the video the participants were asked if they noticed anything out of the ordinary take place. Surprisingly, only 50% of the subjects acknowledged seeing the gorilla.
The inability to detect this visual change is thought to be due to the participant being required to focus intently on the difficult task of counting the number of passes of the ball. Thus, where a person chooses to focus their attention is a big factor in both change blindness and inattentional blindness.
The ability to focus on more than one task at a time (ie multitasking) also influences change blindness. Popular theory suggests that women are better than men at multitasking, but men are better able to focus on a single task. Is this the case and if so, why? Does this mean that females are better able to detect unexpected changes in the visual environment?
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Differences Between Male and Female Brains Scientific studies have identified major functional differences between male and female brains, with one key structural differences and the way in which information is processed.
Females often have a larger hippocampus, the area of the brain used for memory, as well as a higher density of neural connections into the hippocampus. As a result, females tend to absorb more sensory information than males do and retain that sensory information more than men. This may be a factor in change blindness as the ability to detect changes in the visual environment requires both the ability to absorb and process sensory information, as well as retention of the information for comparison processing. In this instance, females may be better at detecting visual changes.
The brain is approximately 40% gray matter and 60% white matter. Male brains use approximately seven times more gray matter for activity than female brains, while female brains use about ten times more white matter.
Grey matter is the processing centre of the brain. It contains nerve cell bodies and is responsible for processing, amongst other things, sensory input. Grey matter is very localised, which allows the ability to focus on a specific task. As male brains use seven times more grey matter than females, this can result in “tunnel vision” where males become deeply engaged in a task, and are less sensitive to additional sensory inputs. This may be a factor in change blindness, if the subject is focusing intently on a given task. In this instance, males may be less inclined to notice a change to the visual environment.
White matter is the networking grid that connects the brain’s gray matter and other processing centers with one another. As female brains use around 10 times more white matter than male brains, this greater interconnectedness allows females to move more quickly from one task to another and to perform multiple tasks more effectively at the same time. This may be a factor in change blindness, where the ability to multitask may improve the ability to detect visual changes and thus favour females.
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Aim To test the extent to which gender impacts the ability of a person to detect large and obvious changes to the visual environment.
Hypothesis That females are able to detect more changes to the visual environment than males.
Method and Materials
Equipment Setup Diagram Picture 1
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Materials
2 iPads for recording video 2 different coloured tablecloths (black and blue) 2 different coloured tshirts for performer (black and burgundy) 2 different coloured tshirts for assistant (black and teal) 2 different coloured hats for performer (black and black/white) 2 different coloured decks of cards (red and blue) 1 mug 1 glass Table 2 chairs Survey Monkey subscription Facebook account YouTube account
Method 1. The materials were collected and set up as per Picture 1. 2. The script was written and rehearsed (see Appendix 1). 3. The video was filmed on two iPads concurrently. The first iPad filmed close up, disguising the visual changes. This was the “Test” video. The video was uploaded to YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEzeIV5WK4Y 4. The second iPad filmed at a distance of 3 metres, capturing the visual changes. This was the “Behind the Scenes” video. The video was uploaded to YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_MDb2F63Vw 5. The survey was created using Survey Monkey software. The “Test” and “Behind the Scenes” videos were embedded in the survey questionnaire. https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/VQ6D953 (see Appendix 2). 6. A facebook “Event” was created requesting respondents for the survey and including a link to the Survey Monkey survey (see Appendix 3) 7. Over 1000 people were invited to the event, covering a range of ages, demographics and gender. 8. Survey responses were automatically collected by Survey Monkey. 9. The number of visual changes detected by each respondent were measured. 10. The data was analyzed. 11. A conclusion was drawn.
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Variables
Controlled In order to strengthen my control variables, all testing was done using an online survey tool (Survey Monkey), using only one survey.
1. Survey Monkey software for responses 2. Survey questions 3. Instructions for completing 4. Two YouTube videos embedded in the survey 5. YouTube videos set on private so that only survey respondents with the link could view them 6. Request for survey participation (facebook event invitation)
Independent 1. Gender of survey participants
Dependent 1. Number of visual changes in the video detected.
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Results A total of 186 respondents participated in the survey. Respondent Demographic Data Graph 1: Gender and Age Distribution of Respondents
Q1 Age Group
Answered: 186 Skipped: 0
100%
80%
52.2% 53.1% 60%
32.3% 40% 28.9%
14.4% 11.5% 20% 4.4% 3.1% 0% Q2: Male Q2: Female
10-19 20-30 30-40 40 +
10-19 20-30 30-40 40 + Total Q2: Male 52.2% 14.4% 4.4% 28.9% 48.4% 47 13 4 26 90
Q2: Female 32.3% 11.5% 3.1% 53.1% 51.6% 31 11 3 51 96 Total Respondents 78 24 7 77 186
Graph 2: Gender and Occupation Distribution of Respondents
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Visual Change Detection Data (Detailed by Question)
Graph 3: Ability to Detect Card Change (First Viewing)
Graph 4: Ability to Detect Card Change (Second Viewing)
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Graph 5: Ability to Detect Card Deck Colour Change (First Viewing)
Graph 6: Ability to Detect Card Deck Colour Change (Second Viewing)
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Graph 7: Ability to Detect Hat Change (First Viewing)
Graph 8: Ability to Detect Hat Change (Second Viewing)
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Graph 9: Ability to Detect Ash’s Shirt Change (First Viewing)
Graph 10: Ability to Detect Ash’s Shirt Change (Second Viewing)
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Graph 11: Ability to Detect Tablecloth Change (First Viewing)
Graph 12: Ability to Detect Tablecloth Change (Second Viewing)
Q15 Identified Tablecloth Change (Second Viewing)
Answered: 186 Skipped: 0
100%
71.1% 71.9% 80%
60%
40% 28.9% 28.1%
20%
0% Q2: Male Q2: Female
Yes No
Yes No Total
Q2: Male 71.1% 28.9% 48.4% 64 26 90
Q2: Female 71.9% 28.1% 51.6% 69 27 96 Total Respondents 133 53 186
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Graph 13: Ability to Detect Glass Change (First Viewing)
Graph 14: Ability to Detect Glass Change (Second Viewing)
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Graph 15: Ability to Detect Taylor’s Shirt Change (First Viewing)
Graph 16: Ability to Detect Taylor’s Shirt Change (First Viewing)
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Visual Change Detection Data (Summary) Table 1: Total Number of Changes Identified
Total Number of Changes Identified Yes No Total 132 540 672 Female 19.6% 80.4% 100% 152 478 630 First Viewing Male 24.1% 75.9% 100% 284 1018 1302 Total 21.8% 78.2% 100% 438 234 672 Female 65.2% 34.8% 100% 443 187 630 Second Viewing Male 70.3% 29.7% 100% 881 421 1302 Total 67.7% 32.3% 100% 570 774 1344 Female 42.4% 57.6% 100% 595 665 1260 Total Male 47.2% 52.8% 100% 1165 1439 2604 Total 44.7% 55.3% 100% Graph 17: Total Number of Changes Identified
Total Number of Changes Identified
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40% 70.3% 65.2% 30% 47.2% 42.4% 20% 24.1% 19.6% 10%
0% Female Male Female Male Female Male First Viewing Second Viewing Total Viewing
Female Yes Male Yes No
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Discussion Overall the results of this experiment were consistent with previous studies in that less than half of the total possible visual changes were detected (44.7%). As expected, the number of changes detected increased on the second viewing as respondents were aware of and were looking for the changes. In this experiment the increase was over three times from 21.8% to 67.7%. What is interesting is that despite knowing about the changes, only 67.7% (roughly two thirds) were detected the second time. This may be due to the relatively large number of changes ( 7 compared with 1 in previous studies).
Some changes were easier to detect than others. In the first viewing 87 respondents reported seeing the colour of the card deck change from red to blue (46.7%), while the glass change was only noticed by 7 out of 186 (3.7%). This may be due to the proximity of the changes. Respondents were instructed to watch the card trick so their attention was naturally focused on the deck of cards, thus making the colour change more likely to be detected. The glass, however, was position on the left bottom of the screen , diagonally opposite me on the table and therefore furthest from the viewer’s attention. The other changes had similar detection rates with Taylor’s shirt seen by 25 (13.4%), my shirt seen by 22 (11.8%), and my hat and the tablecloth noticed by 19 each (10.2%).
Overall females detected fewer changes than males, in both the first and second viewing. In the first viewing females noticed only 19.6% of changes, while males saw 24.1%, a difference of 4.5%. On the second viewing, this gap widened to 5.1%, with males detecting 70.3% and females only 65.2%.
Males tended to be better at detecting the more obvious changes, with 71.1% reporting seeing the card change from the 2 of Diamonds to the 9 of Diamonds the first time (compared with 42.7% for females), and 13.3% seeing the hat change (7.3% for females). Females on the other hand were better at detecting the more subtle changes with 47.9% seeing the colour of the deck change (compared with 45.6% of males), and 5.2% noticing the glass change (2.2% for males). This anomaly may be due to the difference in structure between male and female brains, with the larger hippocampus in females allowing them to absorb more sensory information. Females may have noticed the glass on the table initially, but males may not have even sensed that it was there in the first place.
With respect to gender, the results of the experiment do not support the hypothesis that females are able to detect more changes to the visual environment than males.
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Accuracy Whilst the survey design and capture was accurate in collecting the number of changes detected, the method relied on the honesty of participants, as there was no independent oversight of the test conditions. It was possible for respondents to provide false information, however this was attempted to be mitigated in the survey instructions, where respondents were twice requested to answer the questions truthfully.
A way to improve the accuracy of the experiment would be to ask respondents to list anything unusual in the video, rather than a simple yes/no. Reliability In order to enhance the experiment reliability, I aimed for a large sample size and thus chose to conduct the survey with as many respondents as possible in the allotted timeframe. I invited over 1000 people to participate (via the facebook event), with 18.6% success rate (186 responses).
I attempted to have equal number of male and female participants, in order to make comparisons more reliable. This was almost achieved with 96 females (51.6%) and 90 males (48.4%).
One shortcoming of the experiment’s reliability was the age and occupation distribution. Participants were not equally distributed across all age demographics, thus may have had an influence on the results. 52.2% of males were aged 10-19 and 28.9% aged 40+, compared with 32.3% of females aged 10-19 and 53.1% aged 40+. 156 respondents (83.8%) were either students or professional services. In order to improve the reliability I could have sought an even distribution of age groups for both males and females, as well as a broader and even distribution of occupations. Validity The experimental results were valid in that they demonstrated the gender difference in the ability to detect changes to the visual environment. However, due to the issues discussed above there may have been other variables that affected the result, including differences in age and occupation distribution between males and females.
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Improvements There are a number of ways in which I could have improved the experiment:
1. Larger sample size 2. Supervised test environment to reduce dishonesty 3. Open-ended survey questions (“Did you notice anything unusual”?) rather than yes/no. 4. Even distribution of age groups for both males and females. 5. Even distribution of occupations for both males and females.
Conclusion The experiment confirmed previous studies of change blindness that indicated less than 50% of participants detect changes to the visual environment.
However, the experiment didn’t confirm the hypothesis that due to gender differences in the brain, females would detect more changes to the visual environment.
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Bibliography About Health. 2016. What is Change Blindness?. [ONLINE] Available at: http://psychology.about.com/od/cognitivepsychology/fl/What-Is-Choice-Blindness.htm. [Accessed 15 March 16].
Psychology Today. 2014. Brain Differences Between Genders. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/hope-relationships/201402/brain-differences- between-genders. [Accessed 16 March 16].
Study.com. 2013. Change Blindness: Definition & Examples. [ONLINE] Available at: http://study.com/academy/lesson/change-blindness-definition-examples.html. [Accessed 17 March 16].
Daniel J. Simons. 2000. Current Approaches to Change Blindness. [ONLINE] Available at: http://cvcl.mit.edu/SUNSeminar/Simons_2000a.pdf. [Accessed 18 March 16].
Daniel J. Simons and Michael S. Ambinder. 2005. Change Blindness - Theory and Consequences. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.unc.edu/~pcg/225/documents/SimonsChangeBlindness2005.pdf. [Accessed 20 March 16].
Nature Reviews. 2008. Attention and awareness in stage magic: turning tricks into research. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v9/n11/fig_tab/nrn2473_T1.html. [Accessed 23 March 16].
Kelly P. Cosgrove, PhD, Carolyn M. Mazure, PhD, and Julie K. Staley, PhD. 2009. Evolving Knowledge of Sex Differences in Brain Structure, Function and Chemistry. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2711771/. [Accessed 23 March 16].
Ronald A. Rensink. 2005. Change Blindness. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www2.psych.ubc.ca/~rensink/publications/download/RR-MGY.pdf. [Accessed 23 March 16].
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, US. 2011. Change blindness and inattentional blindness. [ONLINE] Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wcs.130/full. [Accessed 24 March 16].
Elysa Marco. 2016. SPD Foundation. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.spdfoundation.net/about-sensory-processing-disorder/. [Accessed 24 March 16].
Ian F.. 2010. Difference Between Grey and White Matter. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.differencebetween.net/science/health/difference-between-grey-and-white- matter/. [Accessed 24 March 16].
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Appendix 1: Change Blindness Video Script
Visual Changes 1. Taylor card 2. Deck colour 3. Ash hat 4. Ash shirt 5. Tablecloth 6. Drinking glass 7. Taylor shirt Setting Ash and Taylor sitting at the card table
Ash in red shirt and plain black hat
Taylor in black shirt
Black tablecloth
Clear drinking glass on front right hand side of table
Card deck face down in front of Ash with red back facing up
Ash’s father Graeme uses iPad 1 to film close up
Ash’s sister Kiah uses iPad 2 to film from 3 metres away (“Behind the Scenes”)
Ash’s mother Letitia is crouching out of sight Running Order [iPad 1 and iPad 2 commence filming]
[iPad 1 pan out] Ash introduces the video, thanks viewer for participating in the project and explains that he is going to do a card trick with the help of Taylor and for viewers to see if they can work out how it is done.
Ash starts with red deck, shuffles and performs a ribbon spread. [iPad 1 pan into cards spread on table]
Ash asks Taylor to select a card and show the camera [iPad 1 pan to Taylor] [Change 4: Ash changes shirt] [Change 3: Ash changes hat]
Ash asks Taylor to put the card back in the deck [iPad 1 pan down to table]
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
[iPad 1 pan in on Ash] Ash says he is going to find Taylors card. Ash shuffles, performs some fancy cardistry and produces the incorrect card [Change 5: Taylor removes black tablecloth revealing blue tablecloth underneath]. [Change 7: Letitia changes drinking glass to coffee mug]
Ash asks Taylor if that is his card. Taylor says no
[iPad 1 pan down to table] Ash performs shake change to produce correct card [Change 1: Ash changes Taylors card] [Change 6: Taylor changes shirt] [Change 2: Ash changes deck to blue].
[iPad 1 pan out] Ash puts deck face down on the table, with blue back facing upwards and spreads cards
Ash thanks viewers for watching and asks them to return to the survey to finish the questions.
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Appendix 2: Survey Monkey Survey
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Ash Hodgkinson Junior Science Research Project
Welcome to my Junior Science Research Project. Thank you for participating. It will only take a few minutes to complete.
All responses are anonymous but please be honest in your answers as it is for science. Shortly I will get you to click on a link to a video (of me of course), but I have a few basic questions first.
* 1. What is your age group?
10-19
20-30
30-40
40 +
* 2. What is your gender? Male Female
* 3. What is your occupation?
Student
Professional Services
Skilled Labour
Unskilled Labour
Performer/artist Academic Other (please specify)
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Ok, here's where the fun starts !
Click on the link below to watch the video. It is only 1 minute long. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEzeIV5WK4Y
Please watch it only ONCE then come back and answer a
few simple questions. Enjoy!
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Ash Hodgkinson Junior Science Research Project
Now that you have watched the video once, please answer the following questions truthfully without viewing the video again.
* 4. Did you notice me change the 2 of Diamonds to the 9 of Diamonds?
Yes No
* 5. Did you notice the colour of the deck of cards changed?
Yes No
* 6. Did you notice my hat changed?
Yes No
* 7. Did you notice my shirt changed?
Yes No
* 8. Did you notice the tablecloth changed?
Yes No
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
* 9. Did you notice the glass changed?
Yes
No
* 10. Did you notice Taylor's shirt changed?
Yes
No
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Ash Hodgkinson Junior Science Research Project
I know you don't believe me that the changes are there, so here is the link again. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEzeIV5WK4Y
Watch it only ONCE more and see if you can spot the changes this time now that you are expecting them.
DO NOT GO BACK AND CHANGE YOUR PREVIOUS ANSWERS
* 11. Did you notice me change the 2 of Diamonds to the 9 of Diamonds the second time?
Yes No
* 12. Did you notice the colour of the deck of cards changed the second time?
Yes No
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
* 13. Did you notice my hat changed the second time?
Yes
No
* 14. Did you notice my shirt changed the second time?
Yes
No
* 15. Did you notice the tablecloth changed the second time?
Yes
No
* 16. Did you notice the glass changed the second time?
Yes
No
* 17. Did you notice Taylor's shirt changed the second time?
Yes
No
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
Ash Hodgkinson Junior Science Research Project
WOW ! Mind blown huh?
What you experienced is a phenomenon called Change Blindness, which is the failure to notice large and obvious changes to the visual environment.
Your eyes see the changes, but your brain does not register them.
The video was recorded in one take with no editing tricks. Would you like to see
how it was done? Click on the following link.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_MDb2F63Vw
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Ash Hodgkinson Junior Science Research Project
Thank you for participating. I hope you enjoyed the experience.
Please do not discuss the contents of the survey or the videos with anyone else as the scientific results rely on honest and accurate data.
18. Please feel free to leave any feedback in the comment section Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness Appendix 3: Facebook Event
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness Appendix 4: Stills from the “Behind the Scenes” Video
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness Appendix 5: Respondent Feedback
# Q2: Male Date
1 Fabulous! Your dad always said I was a bit of a dope! Steve Penfold 3/30/2016 8:49 AM
2 Namel 3/21/2016 7:05 PM
3 BRAVO !!! BRILLIANT VERY PROUD OF YOU ASH 3/21/2016 1:08 PM
4 Haha that's awesome! Good on you guys! 3/21/2016 12:32 PM
5 Cool 3/20/2016 10:30 PM
6 That was sick Ash 3/20/2016 4:37 PM
7 Nice work. 3/19/2016 2:50 PM
8 I'm amazed. Hope you guys have fun with this experiment 3/19/2016 11:55 AM
9 Wow... 3/19/2016 11:18 AM
10 U had the 9 of diamonds on the back of the 2 of diamonds and flipped the card and kept control of 3/19/2016 10:15 AM the card through false shuffling. Changed the colour of the deck with a trick deck. Ironically knew all that but did not notice all the environmental and background transformation. Cool experiment
11 Great job. The sleight of hand techniques and cuts displayed were really well performed. The 3/18/2016 9:24 PM changing of shirts, hat and glass passed me the first time. Really well done
12 Really incredible how easily I was fooled. Nice work! 3/18/2016 5:07 PM
13 of course i know change blindness, i use that all the time :P but no matter how much you know, 3/18/2016 4:26 PM you're still gonna fall for it hahahaha
14 That's sick ash all that drama/acting skills though by aragone has paid off. From Sam 3/18/2016 10:05 AM
15 It was really cool! and a great insight into cognitive psychology! second time 'round i did notice the 3/18/2016 9:58 AM teal shirt peeking through Taylor's black shirt at the top. very well done!
16 Excellent. Very well done. 3/18/2016 9:50 AM
17 Haha awesome! Here I was thinking I was on top of this one! Matt 3/18/2016 9:34 AM
18 Nice 3/18/2016 9:14 AM
19 Impressive! Well done. 3/18/2016 8:38 AM
20 Excellent exercise. Still got me 3/18/2016 7:57 AM
21 Nice! 3/18/2016 7:21 AM
22 awesome ash !!! 3/18/2016 6:27 AM
23 What happened? Why are my undies on my head? Why does this always happen???? 3/18/2016 12:23 AM
24 That is your dads office get out 3/17/2016 11:50 PM
25 Fantastic - well done Ash 3/17/2016 10:18 PM
26 Loved the fact you showed me the "behind the scenes" at the end! Great work! 3/17/2016 9:29 PM
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Ash Hodgkinson The Impact of Gender Bias on Change Blindness
# Q2: Female Date
1 Amazing Ash! Barb Penfold 3/30/2016 8:34 AM
2 #feeling unobservant 3/27/2016 3:48 PM
3 Very clever, and I love your shuffling 3/25/2016 2:56 PM
4 Great job! 3/22/2016 5:17 PM
5 Good job. 3/22/2016 4:05 PM
6 Clever 3/20/2016 10:55 AM
7 Amazing. 3/19/2016 9:28 PM
8 Fantastic... you got me! 3/19/2016 6:06 PM
9 THAT WAS SO COOL I WISH I WAS SMART ENOUGH TO DO THIS IN MY STUDENT 3/19/2016 1:43 PM RESEARCH PROJECT 10 WOW 3/19/2016 12:06 PM
11 That's was very well done , loved it 3/19/2016 11:50 AM
12 Good Luck Ash! 3/19/2016 8:19 AM
13 Superb Ash, well done! 3/19/2016 7:14 AM
14 Excellent. Good luck! 3/19/2016 3:07 AM
15 . 3/18/2016 10:53 PM
16 Congratulations Ash - loved watching the videos and the family participation! Say hi your Mum for 3/18/2016 9:46 PM me! Nards xx
17 Well done Ash and Taylor ...... amazing learning experience ..aunty Pen xxxx 3/18/2016 5:42 PM
18 Well done for a confident and professional experiment and video 3/18/2016 4:58 PM
19 Really interesting project. I looked for and expected changes so it was interesting to note how 3/18/2016 3:14 PM many I actually missed
20 Hi Ash you should be congratulated. Well done awesome work. I am going to ask my son to do the 3/18/2016 2:33 PM survey too. All the best.
21 awesome!!! 3/18/2016 12:01 PM
22 Great work. I focussed so much on the 9 of diamonds that I was oblivious to anything else 3/18/2016 11:08 AM happening.
23 What a brilliant survey, I have seen similar done on Brain Games but had always thought I would 3/18/2016 11:04 AM not miss obvious things. This proves I was totally wrong
24 that was so good, smart ash 3/18/2016 7:29 AM
25 Well done! 3/17/2016 11:41 PM
26 Great project. A++ from me! 3/17/2016 11:36 PM
27 Brilliant science project and seamless execution. So happy to help you Ash! 3/17/2016 11:17 PM
28 Excellent and im still in awe of it. 3/17/2016 11:08 PM
29 Nice work, actually got me. Thought you already showed me all your tricks lmao pparently not ;) 3/17/2016 10:44 PM
30 What a great idea for a science experiment. 3/17/2016 10:43 PM
31 Well done! 3/17/2016 10:19 PM
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